TS Inter Exam 2025 - Syllabus, Question Papers, Time Table, Result

Arabic: Unit 01

Arabic: Unit 02

Arabic: Unit 03

Arabic: Unit 04

Sanskrit: Unit 01

Sanskrit: Unit 02

Sanskrit: Unit 03

Sanskrit: Unit 04

English (Modern language): Unit 01

• Playing the English gentleman by M.K. Gandhi
• The bet by Anton Chekov
• On smiles by A.G. Gardiner
• Sale by Anita Desai

English (Modern language): Unit 02

• Ulysses by Alfred Lord Tennyson
• The unknown citizen by W.H. Auden
• To the Indians who died in South Africa by T.S. Eliot
• The night of the Scorpion by Nissim Ezekiel
• Telephone conversation by Wole Soyinka

English (Modern language): Unit 03

Hindi (Modern language): Unit 01

• Raidas
• Malik Mohammed Jayasi
• Raskhan
• Giridhar Kavi

Hindi (Modern language): Unit 02

• Sumitranandan Pant–Bapu ke Prati
• Harivansh rai Bachcha-Budh aur Naachghar
• Aadeshwar Rao-Swarna Swapna Desh ka

Hindi (Modern language): Unit 03

• Dr. Hazari prasad Dwivedi–Deta seekh dekhyo na manaat
• Mahadevi Varma-Gheesa
• Kamaleshwar-Raam Naresh Triphati
• Vishnu Prabhakar–Jahan Aakash dikhayi nahi deta

Hindi (Modern language): Unit 04

• Hindi in advertisements
• Hindi in mass communication
• Banking Hindi
• Science and technology, and Hindi
• Word Power
• The verses
• Alankaar

Accountancy: Unit 01

• Depreciation: meaning, causes of depreciation, methods of depreciation, problems on straight line method and reducing balance method, illustrations and exercises

Accountancy: Unit 02

• Meaning of consignment, difference between consignment and sale, terminology used in consignment account, valuation of unsold stock, concept of proforma invoice (theory only), illustrations and exercises

Accountancy: Unit 03

• Meaning, characteristics, accounting records, difference between capital and revenue expenditure, difference between capital and revenue receipts, deferred revenue expenditure, difference between receipts and income
• Difference between payments and expenditure, meaning and accounting treatment of important terms, preparation of receipts and payments account, preparation of income and expenditure account, illustrations and exercises

Accountancy: Unit 04

• Introduction, partners capital accounts, fixed and fluctuating capital, final accounts, admission and retirement of partner; illustrations and exercises

Accountancy: Unit 05

• Meaning, features, advantages, comparison between manual and computerized accounting system

Commerce: Unit 01

• Financial markets: Meaning and concept; classification of financial markets; (money markets, bond markets, debt market, equity market, forex market, derivatives, structured products); primary market-secondary market
• Financial markets: Public issue (IPO) and its linkage to trading
• Mutual funds: Concept, objective, types
• Stock exchange: Meaning, significance, listing of securities; functions of stock exchange

Commerce: Unit 02

• Banking services: Meaning and definition of banks, functions of banks: Types of deposits-current, SB, FD, RD
• Types of loans: CC, OD, term loans, retail loans (home loan, car loan, education loan, personal loan, credit card)
• Types of payment: Cheque, NEFT, RTGS, IMPS, payment wallets
• Insurance: Meaning, definition, features, principles, functions, types of insurance; IRDA

Commerce: Unit 03

• Entrepreneurship: Meaning of entrepreneur, enterprise and entrepreneurship
• Functions of an entrepreneur: Types of entrepreneurs, characteristics of entrepreneurs
• Process of setting up a business
• Entrepreneurial opportunities in telangana state

Commerce: Unit 04

• Internal trade: Meaning of trade, types of trade, features of internal trade
• The distribution chain: Producers, wholesalers, retailers, consumers; types of retail trade
• International trade: Meaning, importance, scope, benefits of international trade

Commerce: Unit 05

• Principles of management: Meaning and definitions of management, objectives of management
• Functions of management-planning: Organising staffing, direction: Controlling

Economics: Unit 01

• Introduction, concepts of economic growth and economic development, objectives of economic development, indicators of economic development (except 1.3.5, 1.3.7, 1.3.8), factors hindering economic development, factors promoting economic development
• Characteristics of developing economies with special reference to india

Economics: Unit 02

• Introduction, theory of demographic transition, demographic features of indian population, concept and causes of population explosion, occupational and sectoral distribution of population in India, human resource development: Concept and importance
• Role of education in economic development and education in India, role of health in economic development and health in India, human development index (except 2.9.1 and 2.9.2)

Economics: Unit 03

• Introduction, a backdrop to national income studies, changes in national income and per capita income in India, sectoral contribution to national income, inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth: Causes and remedial measures
• Poverty in India: Concept, causes, and consequences (except 3.6.2, 3.6.3), unemployment in India: Concept, causes, and consequences, remedial measures of poverty and unemployment-government initiatives (except table-3.10)

Economics: Unit 04

• Introduction, concept, types, and importance of planning (except 4.1.2), major objectives of five year plans in India, review of five year plans, NITI Aayog

Economics: Unit 05

• Introduction, importance and growth of agriculture in Indian economy, causes for low productivity in agriculture and measures to improve agricultural productivity in India, land reforms in India, green revolution
• Agricultural credit and rural indebtedness (except 5.5.2), agricultural marketing in India, food security (except 5.8.2 , 5.8.3)

Economics: Unit 06

• Introduction, structure of Indian industry, growth, and pattern of industrial development in India (except 6.2.5), industrial backwardness, industrial policy resolutions (except 6.4.3, 6.4.4, and 6.4.6), economic reforms, demonetization
• Goods and services tax, make in India, economic reforms and industrial growth, small scale industries: Characteristics, role, problems and remedial measures, industrial finance (except 6.11.1 (G)

Economics: Unit 07

• Introduction, importance of tertiary sector, growth of service sector in India, service sector performance at the state and UT level, performance of India's key sub-sectors of services, IT-BPM services, infrastructure, transport sector, energy sector
• Telecom sector, insurance sector

Economics: Unit 08

• Introduction, balance of trade vs balance of payments, balance of trade and balance of payments with special reference to India, role of international trade in Indian, foriegn direct investment (FDI)
• Role of international trade in Indian economic development, objectives and functions of general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) and WTO, WTO, and Indian economy

Economics: Unit 09

• Introduction, concept, types and importance of environment in economic development (except 9.1.2 ), concepts of eco-system
• Pollution and environmental degradation (except 9.2.3-II), need for environmental protection, sustainable development

Economics: Unit 10

• Introduction, structure of Telangana state, gross state domestic product (GDSP), per capita income at current prices in Telangana and all India , demographic features of Telangana, agricultural sector in Telangana, industrial sector in Telangana
• Services sector in Telangana, infrastructural development in Telangana, poverty and unemployment in Telangana, development and welfare programmes in Telangana state

Geography-Fundamentals of human and economic geography: Unit 01

• Meaning, nature, scope and relevance of human geography; man-environment relationships

Geography-Fundamentals of human and economic geography: Unit 02

• Distribution, density of population, growth of population in the world
• Factors affecting/ influencing distribution of population

Geography-Fundamentals of human and economic geography: Unit 03

• Economic geography: Definition, scope and significance; sectors of economic activity: Concepts, changing trends
• Primary activities: Concepts, changing trends. Food gathering, pastoral, mining and subsistence agriculture
• Secondary activities: Concepts. Manufacturing industries: Locational factors, types-distribution and production, agro based: Textile (cotton), mineral based (iron and steel): Petro-chemical. Mineral resources: Iron ore, bauxite
• Secondary activities: power resources-coal, petroleum and; non-conventional sources of energy
• Tertiary economic activities: Concepts, people engaged in the tertiary activities with some examples
• Quaternary economic activities: Concepts, people engaged in the quaternary activities with some examples

Geography-Fundamentals of human and economic geography: Unit 04

• Relative significance of different means of transport-land transport, railways-transcontinental railways, airways and water ways
• World oceanic routes; important inland waterways and important canals; international trade

Geography-Fundamentals of human and economic geography: Unit 05

• Resources: Definition, classification-resource depletion
• Environment: Meaning, definition and components; environmental conservation and management; sustainable development

Geography-Fundamentals of human and economic geography: Unit 06

• Settlement types-rural and urban

Geography-Geography of India: Unit 01

• Locational characteristics; physical setting, physiographic divisions; drainage system: The Himalayan and Peninsular system

Geography-Geography of India: Unit 02

• Origin of monsoon, climatic regions in India; distribution of temperature and rainfall
• Soils: Types and distribution, vegetation: Types and distribution

Geography-Geography of India: Unit 03

• Population: Size, growth, distribution and density from 1901-2011; trends of urbanization, population problems
• Migration: International, national, causes and consequences
• Human development: Introduction and regional pattern

Geography-Geography of India: Unit 04

• Mineral and energy resource base: Distribution and production, minerals-iron ore, manganese, power resources-coal, petroleum and non-conventional sources of energy (solar, wind and biogas), conservation of resources

Geography-Geography of India: Unit 05

• Agriculture: General land use, land use classification, distribution and production of major crops-wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, caster and ground nut, coffee and tee-their distribution, production

Geography-Geography of India: Unit 06

• Irrigation and power: Types of irrigation. Wells, canals, and tanks; major multipurpose projects: Bhakra Nangal, Nagarjuna Sagar, rain water harvesting and watershed management

Geography-Geography of India: Unit 07

• Location factors, growth, distribution, and trade pharmaceuticals, and knowledge based industries (IT)
• Globalization and economic development

Geography-Geography of India: Unit 08

• Means of transport; roadways, railways, airways, and water ways, major ports of India

Geography-Telangana: Unit 01

• Administrative regions; physiography and drainage

Geography-Telangana: Unit 02

• Distribution of climate, temperature and rainfall
• Soils: Types, distribution, characteristics; vegetation: Types and distribution

Geography-Telangana: Unit 03

• Size, growth, distribution and density from 1961-2011; demographic characteristics: Literacy, sex ratio; rural and urban populations

History: Unit 01

• Geographical Features of Telangana, brief survey of sources, pre and photo history

History: Unit 02

• Pre-Satavahanas, sources, early Satavahanas, later Satavahanas, administration, economy, society, religion

History: Unit 03

• Political history-Ikashvakus, Vakatakas, Vishnukunds, Chalukyan age, administration

History: Unit 04

• Sources, brief political history, admistration, society, economy, religion, literature, art and architecture

History: Unit 05

• Sources, brief political history, administration, socio culture conditions, agriculture and irrigation, trade and commerce, development of Telugu literature, art and architecture

History: Unit 06

• Nizam-ul-Mulk (1724-1748), Nizam Ali Khan (1762-1803), Sikandar Jah (1803-1829), Nasir-ud-Daula (1829-1857), Afzal-ul-Daula (1857-1869), reforms of Salar Jung (1853-1883), Mir Mahaboob Ali Khan (1869-1911CE), Mir Osman Ali Khan (1911-1948 CE)

History: Unit 07

• Role of newspapers, library movement, Arya Samaj, Nizam Rashtra Andhra Jana Sangam, Andhra Mahasabha, Andhra Mahila Sabha, Adi Hindu and Dalit movements, political awareness

History: Unit 08

• Land tenure systems in Nizam state, tribal revolts, Telangana peasant armed struggle

History: Unit 09

• 1857 revolt in Hyderabad, national awakening in Hyderabad, Hyderabad state Congress, Vandematharam movement

History: Unit 10

• 1952 Mulki movement, formation of linguistic state 1956, Jai Telangana movement, Telangana Praja Samithi

History: Unit 11

• Post 1969 movement, later phase of Telangana movement, emergency Telangana Rashtra Samithi, indifinate strike of KCR, Shri Krishna committee report, Telangana joint action committee (TJAC), Delith, Adivasi, minority movements, non-cooperation movements

History: Unit 12

• Important festivals, folk tribal festivals, popular Jataras

Political science (civics): Unit 01

• Indian national movement-different phases of national movement; the government of India acts-1909, 1919, 1935 and 1947; constituent assembly and framing of Indian constitution; philosophy and basic features of Indian constitution

Political science (civics): Unit 02

• Fundamental rights; directive principles of state policy; fundamental duties

Political science (civics): Unit 03

• The President of India; the Vice President of India; the Prime Minister of India; union council of ministers; Parliament of India; Supreme Court of India; High Courts

Political science (civics): Unit 04

• The governor; the chief minister; council of ministers in the state; legislative assembly; legislative council; High Court

Political science (civics): Unit 05

• Legislative relations, administrative relations, financial relations, NITI Aayog

Political science (civics): Unit 06

• Grass root democracy: 73rd amendment; grass root political Panchyati Raj institutions, 74th amendment: Urban local self governments, Panchayat and urban local bodies in Telangana

Political science (civics): Unit 07

• Central election commission, powers and functions of election commission

Political science (civics): Unit 08

• Corruptions, anti corruptions acts

Political science (civics): Unit 09

• Formation of Hyderabad state in 1948; political developments: (1948 to 1956); Gentlemen's agreement; emergence of Andhra Pradesh; violation of safeguards; Telangana agitation-1969, Telangana Praja Samithi (TPS); reaction to Mulki judgement
• Telangana movement: 2001 to 2014; role of JAC’s in Telangana movement-process of A.P. reorganisation act, 2014

Political science (civics): Unit 10

• SMART governance; good governance; Lokpal, Lokayuktha

Political science (civics): Unit 11

• Basic features of India's foreign policy; India and non-aligned movement; United Nations Organization (UNO)

Public administration-Paper-II (Public administration in India): Unit 01

• Administration during Mauryan and Gupta period
• Administration during Mughal period
• Administration during British period-change and continuity

Public administration-Paper-II (Public administration in India): Unit 02

• President, Prime Minister, and council of ministers
• Planning machinery-NITI Aayog

Public administration-Paper-II (Public administration in India): Unit 03

• Election commission (E.C.)
• Comptroller and Auditor General (C & AG)

Public administration-Paper-II (Public administration in India): Unit 04

• Administrative history of Telangana state
• Governor, Chief Minister and Council of ministers
• Centre-state relations

Public administration-Paper-II (Public administration in India): Unit 05

• Rural local bodies
• Role of collector in district administration
• Village administration-village secretariat

Public administration-Paper-II (Public administration in India): Unit 06

• Programmes for the welfare of women and children
• Programmes for the welfare of SC’s and ST’s
• Programmes for the welfare of BC’s and minorities
• Programmes for the welfare of differently abled and aged

Public administration-Paper-II (Public administration in India): Unit 07

• Corruption-role of CBI and CVC
• Public-private partnership
• People’s participation

Botany: Unit 01

• Enzymes: Chemical reactions, enzymatic conversions, nature of enzyme action, factors affecting enzyme activity, classification and nomenclature of enzymes, cofactors
• Photosynthesis in higher plants: What do we know?, early experiments. What is the site of photosynthesis, how many pigments are involved in photosynthesis?, what is light reaction?, the electron transport, where are the ATP and NADPH are used?
• Photosynthesis in higher plants: The C4 pathway, photorespiration, factors affecting photosynthesis
• Respiration of plants: Do plants breathe?, glycolysis, fermentation, aerobic respiration. The respiratory balance sheet. Amphibolic pathway. Respiratory quotient
• Plant growth and development: Plant growth regulators

Botany: Unit 02

• Principles of inheritance and variation: Mendel's experiments, inheritance of one gene (monohybrid cross), deviations from Mendelian concept of dominance. Inheritance of two genes (dihybrid cross), chromosomal theory of inheritance
• Principles of inheritance and variation: Linkage and recombination. Mutations

Botany: Unit 03

• Molecular basis of inheritance: The DNA, the search for genetic material. RNA world, replication, genetic code. Translation, regulation of gene expression

Botany: Unit 04

• Biotechnology; principles and processes: Principles of biotechnology. Tools of recombinant DNA technology, process of of recombinant DNA technology
• Biotechnology and its applications: Biotechnological applications in agriculture, other applications of biotechnology, transgenic plants, biosafety and ethical issues

Botany: Unit 05

• Microbes in human welfare: Microbes in household products. Microbes in industrial products. Microbes in sewage treatment. Microbes in production of biogas. Microbes as biocontrol agents. Microbes as biofertilisers, challenges posed by microbes

Chemistry: Unit 01

• General characteristics of solid state, amorphous and crystalline solids, classification of crystalline solids, probing the structure of solids: X-ray crystallography, crystal lattices and unit cells, number of atoms in a unit cell
• Close packed structures, packing efficiency, calculations involving unit cell dimensions, imperfections in solids

Chemistry: Unit 02

• Types of solutions, expressing concentration of solutions, solubility, vapour pressure of liquid solutions, ideal and non-ideal solutions, colligative properties and determination of molar mass

Chemistry: Unit 03

• Electrochemistry: Nernst equation, conductance of electrolytic solutions, applications of Kohlrausch's law,

Chemistry: Unit 04

• Chemical kinetics: Electrolysis, rate of a chemical reaction, factors influencing rate of a reaction, Integrated rate equations, pseudo first order reaction, temperature dependence of the rate of a reaction

Chemistry: Unit 05

• Adsorption and absorption, colloids, classification of colloid, colloids around us-application of colloids

Chemistry: Unit 06

• Group-15 elements: Introduction, occurrence, dinitrogen, compounds of nitrogen-preparation and properties of ammonia, oxides of nitrogen, preparation, and properties of nitric acid, phosphorous-allotropic forms
• Group-16 elements: Introduction, occurrence, dioxygen-preparation, properties, and uses, simple oxides, ozone-preparation, properties, structure, and uses, sulphur-allotropic forms, sulphur dioxide-preparation, properties, and uses, oxoacides of sulphur
• Group-16 elements: Sulphuric acid-properties, and uses
• Group-17 elements: Occurrence, introduction, chlorine-preparation, properties, and uses, hydrogen chloride: Preparation, properties, and uses, oxoacids of halogens, interhalogen compounds
• Group-18 elements: Introduction, occurrence, electronic configuration, ionization enthalpy, atomic radii electron gain enthalpy, physical and chemical properties

Chemistry: Unit 07

• Position in the periodic table, electronic configuration of the d-block elements, general properties of the transition elements, Werner's theory of coordination compounds, definitions of some terms used in coordination compounds
• Nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination compounds, bonding in coordination compounds, bonding in metal carbonyls, stability of coordination compounds, importance and applications of coordination compounds

Chemistry: Unit 08

• Carbohydrates: Classification of carbohydrates, monosaccharides, amino acids and protiens, nucleic acids

Chemistry: Unit 09

• Classification and nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, methods of preparation: Alkyl halides and aryl halides, physical properties of alkyl halides and aryl halides, chemical reaction of alkyl halides and aryl halides

Chemistry: Unit 10

• Alcohols, phenols, and ethers: Classification, nomenclature of alcohols, phenols and ethers, structures of hydroxyl and ether functional groups, methods of preparation of alcohols and phenols, physical propertics of alcohols and phenols
• Chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols, ethers-methods of preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions
• Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group, preparation of aldehydes and ketones, chemical reactions of aldehydes and ketones, uses of aldehydes and ketones
• Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature and structure of carboxyl group, methods of preparation of carboxylic acids, methods of preparation of carboxylic acids, physical properties of carboxylic acids, chemical reactions of carboxylic acids
• Carboxylic acids: Uses of carboxylic acids

Chemistry: Unit 11

• Amines, structure of amines, classification, nomenclature, preparation of amines, physical properties of amines, chemical reactions of amines

Mathematics-IIA: Unit 01

• Complex numbers: Introduction, complex number as an ordered pair of real numbers, representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib
• De moivre's theorem
• Quadratic expressions: Introduction, quadratic expressions, equations in one variable, sign of quadratic expressions, change in signs, maximum and minimum values
• Theory of equations
• Permutations and combinations: Introduction, fundamental principle of counting-linear and circular permutations, permutations of 'n' dissimilar things taken 'r' at a time, combinations
• Binomial theorem: Introduction
• Partial fractions

Mathematics-IIA: Unit 02

• Measures of dispersion: Introduction, range, mean deviation for ungrouped data,
• Probability: Introduction, random experiments and events, classical definition of probability, axiomatic approach and addition theorem of probability, independent and dependent events conditional probability, multiplication theorem and related examples
• Random variables and probability distribution: Introduction, random variables, theoretical discrete distributions-binomial and Poisson Distributions

Mathematics-IIB: Unit 01

• Circle: Introduction, equation of circle, standard form, centre and radius, position of a point in the plane of a circle-definition of tangent, position of a straight line in the plane of a circle condition for a line to be tangent
• Circle: Chord of contact and polar, relative position of two circles
• System of circles: Introduction, angle between two intersecting circles, radical axis of two circles
• Parabola: Introduction, conic sections, standard form and related problems
• Ellipse: Introduction, equation of ellipse in standard form, parametric equations
• Hyperbola: Introduction, equation of hyperbola in standard form, parametric equations

Mathematics-IIB: Unit 02

• Integration: Introduction, integration as the inverse process of differentiation, standard forms, properties of integrals, method of substitution and related problems
• Definite Integrals: Introduction
• Differential equations: Introduction, formation of differential equation-degree and order of an ordinary differential equation, solving differential equation by-variables separable method

Physics: Unit 01

• Introduction, transverse and longitudinal waves, displacement relation in a progressive wave, the speed of a travelling wave, the principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, beats

Physics: Unit 02

• Introduction, refraction, total internal reflection, refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses, refraction through a prism, dispersion by a prism, some natural phenomena due to sunlight: The rainbow, optical instruments

Physics: Unit 03

• Introduction, Huygens principle, refraction and reflection of plane waves using Huygens principle, coherent and incoherent addition of waves, interference of light waves and Young's experiment, diffraction: The single slit
• Diffraction: Seeing the single slit diffraction pattern, the validity of ray optics

Physics: Unit 04

• Introduction, electric charges, conductors and insulators, charging by induction, basic properties of electric charge, Coulomb's law, forces between multiple charges, electric field, electric field lines, electric flux, electric dipole
• Dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution, Gauss's law, application of Gauss's law: Field due to an infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire, field due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet

Physics: Unit 05

• Introduction, electrostatic potential, potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, potential due to a system of charges, equipotential surfaces, potential energy of a system of charges, potential energy in an external field
• Electrostatics of conductors, dielectrics and polarization, capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors, energy stored in a capacitor

Physics: Unit 06

• Introduction, electric current, electric currents in conductors, Ohm's law, drift of electrons and the origin of resistivity, limitations of Ohm's law, temperature dependence of resistivity, electric energy, power, cells, EMF, internal resistance
• Cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's laws, Wheatstone bridge (qualitative treatment only), meter bridge, potentiometer

Physics: Unit 07

• Introduction, magnetic force, motion in a magnetic field, magnetic field due to a current element, Biot-Savart law, magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop, ampere's circuital law, the solenoid and the toroid
• Force between two parallel currents, the ampere (unit), torque on current loop, magnetic dipole, the moving coil galvanometer

Physics: Unit 08

• Introduction, the bar magnet, the magnetic field lines, the electrostatic analog, magnetism and Gauss's law, the earth's magnetism, magnetization and magnetic intensity

Physics: Unit 09

• Introduction, the experiments of Faraday and Henry, magnetic flux, Faraday's law of induction, Lenz's law and conservation of energy, motional electromotive force, energy consideration: A quantitative study, Eddy currents, inductance, A.C. generator

Physics: Unit 10

• Introduction, A.C. voltage applied to a resistor, representation of A.C. current and voltage by rotating vectors-phasors, A.C. voltage applied to an inductor, A.C. voltage applied to a capacitor, A.C. voltage applied to a series LCR circuit
• LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), transformers

Physics: Unit 11

• Introduction, electromagnetic waves (qualitative treatment only), electromagnetic spectrum

Physics: Unit 12

• Introduction, electron emission, photoelectric effect, experimental study of photoelectric effect, photoelectric effect and wave theory of light, Einstein's photoelectric equation: Energy quantum of radiation, particle nature of light: The photon
• Wave nature of matter

Physics: Unit 13

• Introduction, alpha-particle scattering and Rutherford's nuclear model of atom, atomic spectra, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, De Broglie's explanation of Bohr's second postulate of quantization chapter

Physics: Unit 14

• Introduction, atomic masses and composition of nucleus, size of the nucleus, mass-energy and nuclear binding energy, mass-energy, nuclear force, nuclear energy

Physics: Unit 15

• Introduction, classification of metals, conductors, and semiconductors (qualitative ideas only), intrinsic semiconductor, extrinsic semiconductor, P-N junction, semiconductor diode, application of junction diode as a rectifier
• Special purpose p-n junction diodes, junction transistor, basic transistor circuit configuration and transistor characteristics, digital electronics and lolgic gates, integrated circuits

Physics: Unit 16

• Introduction, elements of a communication system, basic terminology used in electronic communication systems, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission medium, propagation of electromagnetic waves, modulation and its necessity, amplitude modulation
• Production of amplitude modulated wave, detection of amplitude modulated wave

Zoology: Unit 01

• Breathing and respiration: Respiratory organs in animals; respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration; respiratory volumes
• Breathing and respiration: Respiratory disorders-asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders-asbestosis, silicosis, siderosis, black lung disease in coal miners

Zoology: Unit 02

• Body fluids and circulation: Composition of lymph and functions; clotting of blood; human circulatory system-structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity
• body fluids and circulation: Disorders of circulatory system-hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure
• Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion-ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system-structure of kidney and nephron; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function-renin-angiotensin
• Excretory products and their elimination: Regulation of kidney function-aldosterone system, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders: Uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis
• Excretory products and their elimination: Disorders-dialysis using artificial kidney

Zoology: Unit 03

• Muscular and skeletal system: Types of movement, the muscle, mechanism of muscle contraction, muscle fatigue, cori cycle, types of muscle fibres
• Neural control and coordination: Nervous system in human beings-central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse

Zoology: Unit 04

• Endocrine system and chemical coordination: Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system-hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea only)
• Endocrine system and chemical coordination: Role of hormones as messengers and regulators; hypo and hyper activity and related disorders: Common disorders-dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease
• Endocrine system and chemical coordination: Disorders-Cushing's syndrome (diseases and disorders to be dealt in brief)
• Immune system: Basic concepts of Immunology, types of Immunity, innate Immunity, acquired immunity, active and passive immunity, cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity, interferon, HIV and AIDS

Zoology: Unit 05

• Human reproductive system: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis "spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilization, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy
• Human reproductive system: Placenta formation, parturition, lactation (elementary idea)
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); birth control-need and methods, contraception, and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis
• Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF-ET, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness)

Zoology: Unit 06

• Heredity and variation: Mendel's laws of inheritance with reference to Drosophila. Drosophila melanogaster grey, black body colour; long, vestigial wings), pleiotropy; multiple alleles: inheritance of blood groups and Rh-factor
• Heredity and variation: Codominance (blood groups as example); elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; skin colour in humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn, and Dobzhansky); sex determination-in humans, birds, fumea moth
• Heredity and variation: Genic balance theory of sex determination in Drosophila Melanogaster and honey bees; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness
• Mendelian disorders in humans: Thalassemia, haemophilia, sickle celled anaemia, cystie fibrosis PKU, alkaptonuria; chromosomal disorders-Down's syndrome, Turner's syndrome, and klinefelter syndrome; genome, human genome project and DNA finger printing

Zoology: Unit 07

• Apiculture; animal husbandry: Pisciculture, poultry management, dairy management; animal breeding; application of biotechnology in health: Human insulin and vaccine production; gene therapy; transgenic animals; vaccines, MABs, cancer biology, stem cells