TBSE 12th Exam 2025 – Routine, Syllabus, Result, Pattern

English: Unit 01

• Unseen passage

English: Unit 02

• Short composition (advertisement/ notice)
• Letter writing (business/ official letter: For making enquiries, complaint letter, placing order, sending replies
• Long composition: Article writing
• Long composition: Report writing

English: Unit 03

• Prose: (i) Lost spring, (ii) Deep water, (iii) Indigo
• Poetry: (i) My mother at sixty six, (ii) Keeping quiet, (iii) A thing of beauty

English: Unit 04

• Content: (i) The tiger king, (ii) On the face of It, (iii) Memories of childhood

Mizo: Unit 01

Mizo: Unit 02

Mizo: Unit 03

Sanskrit: Unit 01

Sanskrit: Unit 02

Sanskrit: Unit 03

Sanskrit: Unit 04

• Comprehension test
• Translation into Sanskrit from English

Sanskrit: Unit 05

Sanskrit: Unit 06

• Epic, drama, lyrics, fable literature

Sanskrit: Unit 07

• Brief introduction of Indo-European family of languages with their divisions
• Preliminary idea on growth and development of Indo-Aryan language

Music: Unit 01

Music: Unit 02

Music: Unit 03

Music: Unit 04

Computer science: Unit 01

• Revision of the basics of Python
• Functions: Scope, parameter passing, mutable/ immutable properties of data objects, pass arrays to functions, return values, functions using libraries: Mathematical, and string functions
• File handling: Open and close a file, read, write, and append to a file, standard input, output, and error streams, relative and absolute paths
• Using python libraries: Create and import python libraries
• Recursion: Simple algorithms with recursion-factorial, Fibonacci numbers; recursion on arrays: Binary search

Computer science: Unit 02

• Relational databases: Idea of a database and the need for it, relations, keys, primary key, foreign key; use SQL commands to create a table, keys, foreign keys; insert/ delete an entry, delete a table
• SQL commands: Select, project, and join; indexes, and a lot of in-class practice
• SQL commands: Aggregation functions-having, group by, order by

Computer science: Unit 03

• Cyber safety: Safely browsing the web, identity protection, confidentiality, social networks, cyber trolls and bullying
• Appropriate usage of social networks: Spread of rumours, and common social networking sites (twitter, linkedin, and facebook) and specific usage rules
• Safely accessing web sites: Adware, malware, viruses, trojans
• Tripura Board of Secondary Education 12th Examination
• Technology and society: Understanding of societal issues and cultural changes induced by technology

Mathematics: Unit 01

• Tripura Board of Secondary Education 12th Examination

Mathematics: Unit 02

• Matrices: Concept, notation, order of a matrix. Types of matrices: Column matrix, row matrix, square matrix, diagonal matrix, scalar matrix, identity matrix, equality of matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition, multiplication with a scalar
• Matrices: Operation on matrices-multiplication. Non-commutative of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2)
• Matrices: Transpose of a matrix, symmetric matrix and skew-symmetric matrix
• Determinants: Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices). Properties of determinants. Application of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Minors and cofactors. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix
• Determinants: Solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix

Mathematics: Unit 03

• Continuity and differentiability: Continuity. Differentiability, derivatives of composite functions, chain rule. Derivatives of implicit, functions, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions
• Continuity and differentiability: Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions, derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions. Logarithmic differentiation. Derivatives of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivative
• Application of derivatives: Tangents and normal, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a probable tool)
• Application of derivatives: Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject ‘maxima and minima’ as well as real-life situations)
• Integrals: Integration as an inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution. Integration using trigonometric identities. Evaluation of simple integrals and problems based on them. Integration by partial fractions
• Integrals: Integration by parts. Fundamental theorem of calculus (without proof). Evaluation of definite integral by substitutions. Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals
• Application of the integrals: Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines
• Application of the integrals: Circles/ parabolas/ ellipses (only in the form where centre is at the origin in case of circle and ellipse and in case of parabola, vertex being at the origin)
• Differential equations: Definition, order and degree of a differential equation. General and particular solutions of a differential equation. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables
• Differential equations: Solution of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dy/dx + py=q, where p and q are functions of x or constants

Mathematics: Unit 04

• Vectors: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector, direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector, position vector of a point. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, paraIlal, and collinear vectors), negative of a victor
• Vectors: Addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a secular, components of a vector, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio
• Tripura Board of Secondary Education 12th Examination
• Three-dimensional geometry: Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line in space. Shortest distance between two lines, coplanar, and skew lines
• Three-dimensional geometry: Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Distance of a point from a plane

Mathematics: Unit 05

• Probability: Conditional probability. Multiplication theorem on probability independent events. Total probability, Bayes theorem

Physics: Unit 01

• Electric charges and fields: Electric charges; conservation of charge, coulomb's law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field
• Electric charges and fields: Electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to adipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field. Electric flux
• Electric charges and fields: Statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet
• Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces
• Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor
• Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel
• Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor

Physics: Unit 02

• Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear), electrical energy and power
• Electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance
• Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications, Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge (qualitative ideas only)
• Potentiometer-principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell (qualitative ideas only)

Physics: Unit 03

• Moving charges and magnetism: Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire
• Moving charges and magnetism: Straight and toroidal solenoids (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
• Moving charges and magnetism: Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field
• Moving charges and magnetism: Moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
• Magnetism and matter: Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements

Physics: Unit 04

• Electromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual induction
• Alternating current: Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits. AC generator and transformer

Physics: Unit 05

• Electromagnetic waves: Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative ideas only)
• Electromagnetic waves: Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses

Physics: Unit 06

• Ray optics and optical instruments: Ray optics-refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker's formula, magnification, power of a lens
• Ray optics and optical instruments: Ray optics-combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism. Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers
• Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference
• Wave optics: Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum

Physics: Unit 07

• Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light
• Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation

Physics: Unit 08

• Atoms: Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum
• Nuclei: Composition and size of nucleus. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion

Physics: Unit 09

• Semiconductor electronics: Materials, devices and simple circuits-energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only). Semiconductor diode -I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier
• Semiconductor electronics: Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell and their characteristics

Chemistry: Unit 01

• Classification of solids based on different binding forces: Molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices
• Classification of solids based on different binding forces: Calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic cell, point defects

Chemistry: Unit 02

• Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties-relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of boiling point
• Depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties

Chemistry: Unit 03

• Conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s law, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells
• Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell

Chemistry: Unit 04

• Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant
• Integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions)

Chemistry: Unit 05

• Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, enzyme catalysis colloidal state distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic multi-molecular and macromolecular colloids
• Properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation

Chemistry: Unit 06

• Group 15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties, compounds of nitrogen, preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid
• Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, ozone, sulphur-allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: Preparation properties and uses of sulphur-dioxide
• Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds
• Group 17 elements: Oxoacids of halogens (structures only)
• Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses

Chemistry: Unit 07

• General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals-metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour
• Catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation
• Lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states

Chemistry: Unit 08

• Coordination compounds-introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner’s theory, VBT, and CFT

Chemistry: Unit 09

• Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions, optical rotation
• Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only)

Chemistry: Unit 10

• Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration
• Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols
• Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses

Chemistry: Unit 11

• Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses
• Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses

Chemistry: Unit 12

• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines
• Cyanides and isocyanides-will be mentioned at relevant places in text

Chemistry: Unit 13

• Carbohydrates-classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration
• Proteins-elementary idea of, amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins-primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes
• Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

Biology: Unit 01

• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure, development of male and female gametophytes, pollination-types, agencies and examples, out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Post fertilization events development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit, special modes apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony, significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation
• Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems, microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary, game to genesis spermatogenesis and oogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation
• Human reproduction: Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea), parturition (elementary idea), lactation (elementary idea)
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), amniocentesis
• Reproductive health: Infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness)

Biology: Unit 02

• Principles of inheritance and variation: Heredity and variation-mendelian inheritance, deviations from mendelism-incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy, elementary idea of polygenic inheritance
• Principles of inheritance and variation: Chromosome theory of inheritance, chromosomes and genes, sex determination-in human, birds, and honey bee; linkage and crossing over, sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness
• Principles of inheritance and variation: Mendelian disorders in human-thalassemia, chromosomal disorders in human, Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndrome
• Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material, structure of DNA and RNA, DNA packaging, DNA replication, central dogma, transcription, genetic code translation, gene expression and regulation-lac operon
• Molecular basis of inheritance: Genome and human and rice genome projects, DNA fingerprinting

Biology: Unit 03

• Human health and diseases: Pathogens, parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control, basic concepts of immunology-vaccines, cancer
• Human health and diseases: HIV and AIDS, adolescence-drug and alcohol abuse
• Microbes in human: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and bio-fertilizers, antibiotics, production and judicious use

Biology: Unit 04

• Biotechnology-principles and processes: Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)
• Biotechnology and its application: Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture-human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms-Bt crops, transgenic animals, biosafety issues
• Biotechnology and its application: Bio piracy and patents

Biology: Unit 05

• Organisms and populations: Organisms and environment-habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations, population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism, population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Biodiversity-concept, patterns, importance, loss of biodiversity, biodiversity conservations, hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries, and Ramsar sites

Business studies-part-A (principles and functions of management): Unit 01

• Management-concept, objectives, and importance, management as science, art and profession, levels of management

Business studies-part-A (principles and functions of management): Unit 02

• Principles of management-concept
• Fayol’s principles of management, Taylor’s scientific management-principles and techniques

Business studies-part-A (principles and functions of management): Unit 03

• Business environment-concept and importance, dimensions of business environment-economic, social, technological, political, and legal
• Impact of government policy changes on business with special reference to liberalization, privatization, and globalization in India

Business studies-part-A (principles and functions of management): Unit 04

• Concept, importance and limitation, planning process

Business studies-part-A (principles and functions of management): Unit 05

• Concept and importance, organising process, structure of organisation-functional and divisional concept
• Delegation: Concept, elements, and importance
• Decentralization: Concept and importance

Business studies-part-A (principles and functions of management): Unit 06

• Concept and importance of staffing, staffing process, recruitment process, selection-process, training and development-concept and importance, methods of training-on the job and off the job, vestibule training
• Training and development-apprenticeship training and internship training

Business studies-part-A (principles and functions of management): Unit 07

• Concept, elements of directing, motivation-concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, financial and non-financial incentives
• Leadership-concept, styles, authoritative, democratic, and laissez faire
• Communication-concept, formal and informal communication; how to overcome the barriers

Business studies-part-A (principles and functions of management): Unit 08

• Controlling-concept and importance
• Relationship between planning and controlling
• Steps in process of control

Business studies-part-B (business finance and marketing management): Unit 01

• Concept, role, and objectives of financial management
• Financial decisions: Investment, financing and dividend-meaning and factors affecting
• Financial planning-concept and importance, capital structure-concept and factors affecting capital structure
• Fixed and working capital-concept and factors affecting their requirements

Business studies-part-B (business finance and marketing management): Unit 02

• Financial markets: Concept, functions, and types
• Money market and its instruments
• Capital market and its types (primary and secondary), methods of floatation in the primary market
• Stock exchange-functions and trading procedure
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)-objectives and functions

Business studies-part-B (business finance and marketing management): Unit 03

• Marketing-concept, functions
• Marketing mix-concept and elements
• Product-branding, labelling and packaging-concept
• Price-concept, factors determining price
• Promotion-concept and elements; advertising, personal selling, sales promotion

Business studies-part-B (business finance and marketing management): Unit 04

• Concept and importance of consumer protection
• Consumer protection act 1986: Meaning of consumer rights and responsibilities of consumers
• Who can file a complaint? redressal machinery remedies available

Economics-part-A (introductory macroeconomics): Unit 01

• Introduction: Basic concepts of macroeconomics-consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods, stocks and flows, gross and net investment and depreciation
• Circular flow of income (two sector model), methods of measuring national income-product or value added method, expenditure method, income method; GDP and welfare
• Some conceptual understanding relating to national income accounting: Gross national product (GNP), net national product (NNP), gross domestic product (GDP) and net domestic product (NDP)-at market price, at factor cost, real and nominal GDP

Economics-part-A (introductory macroeconomics): Unit 02

• Money: Meaning, function, demand and supply of money, concepts of M1, M2, M3 and M4, demonetization
• Banking: Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks, credit control policy of central bank

Economics-part-A (introductory macroeconomics): Unit 03

• Aggregate demand and its components, determination of income in a two-sector model, investment multiplier

Economics-part-A (introductory macroeconomics): Unit 04

• Balance of current account and capital account, balance of trade, deficit and surplus in balance of payment

Economics-part-B (introductory microeconomics): Unit 01

• Features and appraisal of liberalisations, privatisation and globalisation (LPG policy)

Economics-part-B (introductory microeconomics): Unit 02

• Poverty: Definition-absolute and relative, measurement of poverty, trends of poverty in India, reasons of poverty, poverty alleviation programmes-a critical assessment
• Human capital formation: Concept and origin, human capital and human development, human capital in India, Indian education sector, future of human capital formation
• Rural development: Definition, key issues-credit and marketing, organic farming
• Infrastructure: Meaning, infrastructure development and economic development, various types of infrastructure

Economics-part-B (introductory microeconomics): Unit 03

• A comparison with neighbours: India and Pakistan, India and China issues: Economic growth, population, sectoral development and other human development indicators

Accountancy-part-A (accounting for not-for-profit organizations, partnership firms, and companies): Unit 01

• Not-for-profit organizations: Concept
• Receipts and payments account: Features and preparation
• Income and expenditure account: Features, preparation of income and expenditure account and balance sheet from the given receipts and payments account with additional information

Accountancy-part-A (accounting for not-for-profit organizations, partnership firms, and companies): Unit 02

• Partnership: Features, partnership deed
• Provisions of the Indian partnership act, 1932 in the absence of partnership deed
• Fixed vs. fluctuating capital accounts
• Preparation of profit and loss appropriation account-division of profit among partners, guarantee of profits
• Past adjustments (relating to interest on capital, interest on drawing, salary and profit sharing ratio)
• Goodwill: Nature, factors affecting and methods of valuation-average profit, super profit and capitalization
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Change in the profit sharing ratio among the existing partners-sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Change in the profit sharing ratio among the existing partners-accounting for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities and treatment of reserves and accumulated profits
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Change in the profit sharing ratio among the existing partners-Preparation of revaluation account and balance sheet
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Admission of a partner-effect of admission of a partner on change in the profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26)
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Admission of a partner-treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, treatment of reserves and accumulated profits
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Admission of a partner-adjustment of capital accounts and preparation of balance sheet
• Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Calculation of deceased partner’s share of profit till the date of death. Preparation of deceased partner’s capital account and his executor’s account

Accountancy-part-A (accounting for not-for-profit organizations, partnership firms, and companies): Unit 03

• Accounting for share capital: Share and share capital-nature and types. Accounting for share capital: Issue and allotment of equity and preferences shares. Public subscription of shares-over subscription and under subscription of shares
• Accounting for share capital: Accounting for share capital-issue at par and at premium, calls in advance and arrears (excluding interest), issue of shares for consideration other than cash
• Accounting for share capital: Concept of private placement and employee stock option plan (ESOP). Accounting treatment of forfeiture and reissue of shares. Disclosure of share capital in the balance sheet of a company
• Accounting for debentures: Debentures-debentures as collateral security concept, interest on debentures. Writing off discount/ loss on issue of debentures, creation of debenture redemption reserve

Accountancy-part-B (financial statement analysis): Unit 01

• Financial statements of a company: Statement of profit and loss and balance sheet in prescribed form with major headings and subheadings (as per schedule III to the companies act, 2013), financial statement analysis: Objectives
• Financial statements of a company: Financial statement analysis-importance, and limitations. Tools for financial statement analysis: Comparative statements, common size statements, cash flow analysis
• Financial statements of a company: Accounting ratios-meaning, objectives, classification and computation. Liquidity ratios: Current ratio and quick ratio. Solvency ratios: Debt to equity ratio, total asset to debt ratio
• Financial statements of a company: Solvency ratios-proprietary ratio and interest coverage ratio. Activity ratios: Inventory turnover ratio, trade receivables turnover ratio, trade payables turnover ratio and working capital turnover ratio
• Financial statements of a company: Profitability ratios: Gross profit ratio, operating ratio, operating profit ratio, net profit ratio and return on investment

History: Unit 01

History: Unit 02

History: Unit 03

History: Unit 04

History: Unit 05

History: Unit 06

History: Unit 07

History: Unit 08

History: Unit 09

History: Unit 10

History: Unit 11

Political science-part-A (contemporary world politics): Unit 01

Political science-part-A (contemporary world politics): Unit 02

Political science-part-A (contemporary world politics): Unit 03

Political science-part-A (contemporary world politics): Unit 04

Political science-part-A (contemporary world politics): Unit 05

Political science-part-A (contemporary world politics): Unit 06

Political science-part-B (politics in India since independence): Unit 01

Political science-part-B (politics in India since independence): Unit 02

Political science-part-B (politics in India since independence): Unit 03

Political science-part-B (politics in India since independence): Unit 04

Political science-part-B (politics in India since independence): Unit 05

Political science-part-B (politics in India since independence): Unit 06

Geography-fundamentals of human geography: Unit 01

Geography-fundamentals of human geography: Unit 02

Geography-fundamentals of human geography: Unit 03

Geography-fundamentals of human geography: Unit 04

Geography-fundamentals of human geography: Unit 05

Geography-fundamentals of human geography: Unit 06

Geography-fundamentals of human geography: Unit 07

Geography-India-people and economy: Unit 01

Geography-India-people and economy: Unit 02

Geography-India-people and economy: Unit 03

Geography-India-people and economy: Unit 04

Geography-India-people and economy: Unit 05

Geography-India-people and economy: Unit 06

Geography-India-people and economy: Unit 07

Geography-India-people and economy: Unit 08

Sociology-part-A (Indian society): Unit 01

Sociology-part-A (Indian society): Unit 02

Sociology-part-A (Indian society): Unit 03

Sociology-part-B (change and development in India): Unit 01

Sociology-part-B (change and development in India): Unit 02

Sociology-part-B (change and development in India): Unit 03

Sociology-part-B (change and development in India): Unit 04

Sociology-part-B (change and development in India): Unit 05

Sociology-part-B (change and development in India): Unit 06

Sociology-part-B (change and development in India): Unit 07

Statistics: Unit 01

• Standard definition of gamma integral and results involving it (without derivations)

Statistics: Unit 02

• Bivariate data, scatter diagram
• Correlation and correlation coefficient
• Properties of correlation coefficient
• Rank correlation
• Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (without tie)
• Concept of regression, principle of least squares, fitting of regression lines
• Important results relating to regression lines

Statistics: Unit 03

• Random experiment, trial, sample space, sample point and different types of events
• Definition of probability: Classical, statistical and axiomatic, theorem on the probability of union of (two and three) events
• Conditional probability, theorem on conditional probability for two and three events
• Independence of events
• Bayes theorem and its application
• Random variable (discrete and continuous) and its probability distribution
• Cumulative distribution function
• Probability mass function and probability density function
• Mathematical expectation

Statistics: Unit 04

• Uniform (discrete and continuous), Bernoulli, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions

Statistics: Unit 05

• Population and sample
• Parameter and statistic
• Census and sample survey
• Concepts of probability sampling and random number tables
• Concepts of sampling distribution of statistic and its standard error
• Simple random sampling with replacement and simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWR)
• Concept of point estimation
• Requirement of good estimator: Unbiasedness, consistency, efficiency
• Elementary concept of mvue and blue
• Statistical tests of hypothesis null and alternative hypothesis
• Simple and composite hypothesis, critical region, type-I and type-II errors, level of significance and size of critical region, power of a test
• Tests of significance related to a single binomial proportion, two binomial proportions using large sample approximations
• Exact tests of hypothesis under normal set-up for a single mean and equality of two means
• Frequency chi-square test and goodness of fit

Psychology: Unit 01

• Introduction, individual differences in human functioning, assessment of psychological attributes, intelligence, psychometric theories of intelligence, information processing theory, theory of multiple intelligences, triarchic theory of intelligence
• PASS model of intelligence
• Individual differences in intelligence, culture and intelligence, emotional intelligence, special abilities: Aptitude-nature and measurement, creativity

Psychology: Unit 02

• Introduction, self and personality, concept of self, cognitive and behavioural aspects of self, culture and self, concept of personality, major approaches to the study of personality: Type approaches, trait approaches, psychodynamic approach
• Major approaches to the study of personality: Behavioural approach, cultural approach, humanitarian approach, assessment of personality: Self-report measures, projective techniques, behavioural analysis

Psychology: Unit 03

• Introduction, nature, types, and sources of stress, effects of stress on psychological: Functioning and health, stress and health, general adaptation syndrome, stress and immune system, lifestyle, coping with stress: Stress management techniques
• Promoting positive health and well-being: Life skills

Psychology: Unit 04

• Introduction, concepts of abnormality and psychological disorders, historical disorders, classification of psychological disorders, factors underlying abnormal behaviour, major psychological disorders: Anxiety disorders
• Major psychological disorders: Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, trauma and stressor-related disorders, somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative disorders, depressive disorders, bipolar and related disorders
• Major psychological disorders: Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders, feeding and eating disorders, substance-related and addictive disorders

Psychology: Unit 05

• Introduction, nature, and process of psychotherapy: Therapeutic relationship, type of therapies: Psychodynamic therapy, behaviour therapy, relaxation procedures (box 5.2), cognitive therapy, humanistic-existential therapy, biomedical therapy
• Type of therapies: Alternative therapies, rehabilitation of the mentally ill

Psychology: Unit 06

• Introduction, explaining social behaviour, nature and components of attitudes, attitude formation and change: Attitude formation, attitude change, attitude-behaviour relationship, prejudice and discrimination, strategies for handling prejudice
• Social cognition, schemas and stereotypes, impression formation and explaining, behaviour of others through attributions: Impression formation, attribution of causality, Behaviour in the presence of others
• Pro-social behaviour: Factors affecting prosocial behaviour

Psychology: Unit 07

• Introduction, nature and formation of groups, type of groups, influence of group on individual behaviour: Social loafing, group polarisation, conformity, compliance, and obedience, cooperation and competition: Determinants of cooperation and competition
• Social identity, intergroup conflict: Nature and causes, conflict resolution strategies

Philosophy: Unit 01

• Nature of proposition-its different parts characteristics of copula
• Distinction between proposition and judgement, proposition, and grammatical sentence
• Classification of propositions according to-(a) relation (b) quality (c) quantity
• Four-fold scheme of classification of categorical proposition
• Rules of transformation of grammatical sentences into logical proposition
• Distribution of term in proposition
• Proposition and proposition-forms

Philosophy: Unit 02

• Nature, definition, and kinds of opposition of propositions
• Traditional square of opposition
• Inference by opposition of proposition

Philosophy: Unit 03

• Conversion, rules of conversion
• Obversion and rules of obversion
• Joint application of conversion and obversion in each premises proposition
• Material obversion

Philosophy: Unit 04

• Categorical syllogism-definition, characteristics, and structure
• Role of middle term
• Figures of categorical syllogism
• Moods of categorical syllogism
• General rules of categorical syllogism and fallacies
• Testing the validity of categorical syllogism

Philosophy: Unit 05

• Method of agreement, method of difference, joint method, method of concomitant variation, definition and explanation with symbolic and concrete example, advantage and disadvantage
• Testing the inductive arguments by applying these methods
• Inductive fallacies-bad analogy, illicit generalization, taking an irrelevant factor as a cause, taking co-effects of the same cause as a cause of another effect, post hoc ergo propter