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HomeSchool ExamsCentral Board of Secondary Education Class 12th Examination

CBSE 12th Exam 2025 - Date Sheet, Syllabus, Pattern, Question Papers, Result

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CBSE Class 12th Exam Date : 15 Feb' 2025 - 28 Feb' 2025
Updated on 05th October, 2024 by Dinesh Goyal

About CBSE Class 12th 2025

CBSE 12th Exams 2025: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) conducts the class 12th board exams every year. Students enrolled in the 12th class at a CBSE-affiliated school can appear in these exams. Around 16 lakh students appear in the class 12th exam for 114 subjects. They should go through the latest CBSE 12th syllabus 2025 and devise an exam preparation strategy.

Latest CBSE Board 12th Exams 2025 Updates:

  • The CBSE board will release the CBSE date sheet 2025 Class 12  for theory exams in December 2024 for regular and private student exams.
  • The Central Board of Secondary Education announces the CBSE 12th practical exam schedule for winter-bound schools. The CBSE Class 12 practical exams 2024-25 for winter-bound schools will be conducted in November 2024. For all other CBSE-affiliated schools, the practical exams will be conducted in January 2025.
  • Students should solve the latest CBSE 12th sample papers and previous year's question papers to know the exam pattern, important topics, and difficulty level of questions.
  • The CBSE 12th admit card 2025 for regular students will be released in February 2025. Private students will be able to download the admit cards in online mode by entering their application number or previous roll number and other details.
  • The annual CBSE Class 12 board exams 2025 will be conducted from February 15, 2025 and will conclude by the first week of April 2025, tentatively. 
  • CBSE board will announce the CBSE Class 12 result 2025 in May 2025. 
  • The board will release the CBSE 12th revaluation result 2025 in June 2025.
  • The CBSE Class 12 compartment exam/ supplementary exam will be conducted in July 2025.
  • Thereafter, the board will announce the CBSE 12th supplementary exam result 2025 in August 2025. 

Based on their score in the 12th CBSE exam, students can apply for admission to colleges and universities in various undergraduate programs as per choice.

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CBSE Class 12th 2025 Highlights

Full Exam Name
Central Board of Secondary Education Class 12th Examination
Short Exam Name
CBSE Class 12th
Conducting Body
Central Board of Secondary Education
Frequency Of Conduct
Once a year
Exam Level
Intermediate
Languages
Arabic +12 more
Mode Of Application
offline +1 more
Mode Of Exam
offline
Exam Duration
3 Hours

CBSE Class 12th Important Dates

CBSE Class 12th Central Board of Secondary Education Class 12th Examination (session 2025)

15 Feb' 2025 - 28 Feb' 2025 . OfflineTentative
Exam Date
05 Sep' 2024 - 04 Oct' 2024 . Online
Application Date
Submission of LOC (without late fee)
05 Oct' 2024 - 15 Oct' 2024 . Online
Application Date
Submission of LOC (with late fee)
18 Sep' 2024 - 16 Oct' 2024 . Online
Application Date
Registration of students (without late fee)

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  • Regular students who cleared Class 11 from CBSE and are currently studying in Class 12 are eligible to appear for CBSE 12th exam.
  • Private candidates are eligible to sit for the CBSE 12th exams 2025 provided they fulfil the below criteria:
  • A candidate who fails CBSE class 12 will be eligible to reappear at a subsequent examination as a private candidate. The candidates will be required to follow the syllabus and textbooks of the year in which he/she will reappear.

Also read - 

  • In order to apply for CBSE board exams Class 12 2025, regular students are required to fill the examination form as instructed by the officials of their respective schools. 
  • Private candidates have to submit the application form along with the prescribed fee and three copies of passport-sized photographs to the regional officer of CBSE of the state/UT they reside in.

Go through the list of documents that will be needed to fill out the CBSE 12th Application Form 2025:

  • Email-ID
  • Aadhar number or ID proof
  • Caste Category Certificate
  • Contact number
  • Photo in JPEG format
  • Address  
  • Signature

50+ Entrance Exams for 10+2 Students Must Not Miss

Download this ebook to learn about 50+ entrance exams for 12th students to get admission to the best colleges for undergraduates.

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Documents Required at Exam CBSE Class 12th 2025

Central Board of Secondary Education Class 12th Examination 2025

  • Admit Card
  • School ID card
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Knowing exam pattern enables a student to prepare for the CBSE 12th exams 2025 in a better way by making them aware of important aspects of an exam. CBSE class 12 exam pattern is divided into three main streams: Science, Commerce and Arts. Some subjects of CBSE 12th are common for all stream students. The exam pattern and marking scheme of CBSE 12th major subjects is given in the following tables:

CBSE Class 12 Physics & Chemistry Exam Pattern

Exam duration3 Hours
Practical Marks30 Marks
Theory marks70 marks
Total no. of questions37
Very short answer type questions (1 mark each)20
Short answer type questions (2 marks each)7
Long answer type -I questions (3 marks each)7
Long answer type -II questions (5 marks each)
3

CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Exam Pattern

Exam duration3 Hours
Internal Marks20 Marks
Theory marks80 marks
Total no. of questions36
Very short answer type questions (1 mark each)20
Short answer type questions (2 marks each)6
Long answer type-I questions (4 marks each)6
Long answer type-II questions (6 marks each)
4

CBSE Class 12 Biology Exam Pattern

Exam duration3 Hours
Practical Marks30 Marks
Theory marks70 marks
Total no. of questions27
Very short answer type questions (1 mark each)5
Short answer type-I questions (2 marks each)7
Short answer type-II questions (3 marks each)12
Long answer type questions (5 marks each)
3

CBSE 12th English Core Exam Pattern

Exam duration3 hours
Maximum marks100 marks (80 Marks for Theory + 20 Marks for assessment of listening and speaking skills)
Total number of questions33
MCQ and objective type questions (1 mark each)20
Short Answer type-I questions (2 marks each)5
Short Answer type -II questions (4 marks each)3
Long Answer type questions (6 marks each)3
Very Long Answer type questions  (10 marks each)2

CBSE 12th Accountancy Exam Pattern

Exam duration3 hours
Theory marks80 
Practical marks20 
Total number of questions
32
MCQ and objective type questions (1 mark each)
20
Short answer I type questions (3 marks each)2
Short answer II type questions (4 marks each)5
Long answer I type questions (6 marks each)3
Long answer II type questions (8 marks each)2

CBSE 12th Business Studies Exam Pattern

Exam duration3 hours
Theory marks80 
Internal marks20 
Total number of questions
34
MCQ and objective type questions (1 mark each)
20
Short answer I type questions (3 marks each)5
Short answer II type questions (4 marks each)3
Long answer I type questions (6 marks each)3
Long answer II type questions (8 marks each)3

CBSE Class 12 Geography Marking Scheme

Exam duration3 hours
Total marks100 marks
Theory marks70 marks
Practical marks30 marks

CBSE 12th History Marking Scheme

Exam duration3 hours
Total marks100 marks
Theory marks80 marks
Project work 20 marks
Total number of questions
31
MCQ and objective type questions (1 mark each)
20
Short answer type questions (3 marks each)4
Source-based questions (6 marks each)3
Long answer type questions (8 marks each)
3
Map Work (6 marks)1

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CBSE Class 12th 2025 Syllabus

CBSE Class 12th 2025 Central Board of Secondary Education Class 12th Examination 2025

English elective: Unit 01


Reading comprehension

    English elective: Unit 02


    Applied grammar

      English elective: Unit 03


      Creative writing

        English elective: Unit 04


        Literature

          English elective: Unit 05


          Fiction

            Arabic: Unit 01


            Advanced reading skills
            • Unseen passage

            Arabic: Unit 02


            Effective writing skills
            • Letter writing
            • Summary of lesson
            • Longer composition such as an essay, or speech or story read/ heard/ experienced

            Arabic: Unit 03


            Grammar (theory and application)
            • Theory of grammar
            • Applied grammar (any two of the following): (i) Correction of sentences, (ii) fill in the blanks, (iii) roots of the verbs, (iv) formation of active participle and passive participle (all verb patterns), (v) choose nouns, verbs and prepositions

            Arabic: Unit 04


            Literature

              Assamese: Unit 01


              Grammar

                Assamese: Unit 02


                Prose

                  Assamese: Unit 03


                  Poetry

                    Bengali: Unit 01


                    Reading
                    • Comprehension: Unseen passages

                    Bengali: Unit 02


                    Grammar
                    • Phonology (definition with two examples)
                    • Rhetoric (no clarification only definition/ identification with reason)
                    • Proverbs and idioms-meaning and sentence making

                    Bengali: Unit 03


                    Composition and writing
                    • Report reading
                    • Letter writing (friends and parents only)

                    Bengali: Unit 04


                    Literature
                    • Prose, poetry, supplementary reader

                    Bhutia: Unit 01


                    Reading and comprehension
                    • Unseen passage

                    Bhutia: Unit 02


                    Applied grammar

                      Bhutia: Unit 03


                      Textbook-prose

                        Bhutia: Unit 04


                        Textbook-poetry

                          Bhutia: Unit 05


                          Textbook-porse

                            Bhutia: Unit 06


                            Rapid reader

                              Bhutia: Unit 07


                              Writing and composition
                              • Essay writing
                              • Application
                              • Letter writing

                              French: Unit 01


                              Culture and civilisation
                              • Prose, fill in the blanks/ true and false etc

                              French: Unit 02


                              Writing skills
                              • Completing a story, informal letter

                              French: Unit 03


                              Grammar
                              • Prepositions, interrogative adjectives and pronouns, relative pronouns (simple and composed), personal pronouns, tenses, direct and reported speech

                              French: Unit 04


                              Comprehension
                              • Seen prose passage
                              • Unseen prose passage

                              German: Unit 01


                              Reading
                              • Unseen comprehension

                              German: Unit 02


                              Writing
                              • Based on stimulus, compose a letter/ e‐mail
                              • Based on stimulus, compose a dialogue

                              German: Unit 03


                              Applied grammar
                              • All grammar topics
                              • Passive voice
                              • Subordinate clauses
                              • Future tense
                              • Personal pronouns in accusative and dative case

                              German: Unit 04


                              Textbook
                              • Completing a passage with the vocabulary provided
                              • Seen comprehension

                              Gujarati: Unit 01


                              Reading

                                Gujarati: Unit 02


                                Literature

                                  Gujarati: Unit 03


                                  Applied grammar
                                  • Idioms
                                  • Proverbs
                                  • Correct the Sentences
                                  • Transformation of sentences in respect to tenses

                                  Gujarati: Unit 04


                                  Writing skills
                                  • Essay on current topics
                                  • Report writing
                                  • Official letter

                                  Kashmiri: Unit 01


                                  Unseen comprehension

                                    Kashmiri: Unit 02


                                    Grammar

                                      Kashmiri: Unit 03


                                      Main course book
                                      • Seen comprehension

                                      Kashmiri: Unit 04


                                      Creative writing
                                      • Essay, paragraph writing, story writing and letters

                                      Lepcha: Unit 01


                                      Unseen comprehension

                                        Lepcha: Unit 02


                                        Main course book

                                          Lepcha: Unit 03


                                          Prose and poetry

                                            Lepcha: Unit 04


                                            Drama

                                              Lepcha: Unit 05


                                              Writing skills

                                                Limboo: Unit 01


                                                Unseen passage

                                                  Limboo: Unit 02


                                                  Grammar

                                                    Limboo: Unit 03


                                                    Writing

                                                      Limboo: Unit 04


                                                      Textbook

                                                        Malayalam: Unit 01


                                                        Applied grammar

                                                          Malayalam: Unit 02


                                                          Writing
                                                          • Paragraph writing on general topics
                                                          • Letter to editor/ authority
                                                          • Comprehension of an unseen passage

                                                          Malayalam: Unit 03


                                                          Literature-prose, poetry

                                                            Malayalam: Unit 04


                                                            Literature-non-detailed

                                                              Manipuri: Unit 01


                                                              Reading
                                                              • Unseen passages

                                                              Manipuri: Unit 02


                                                              Writing
                                                              • Essay writing
                                                              • Letter writing
                                                              • Amplification
                                                              • Phrase and idioms
                                                              • Sub-skill: Application writing; notice writing

                                                              Manipuri: Unit 03


                                                              Grammar
                                                              • Phrases and clauses
                                                              • Sentence and its transformation

                                                              Manipuri: Unit 04


                                                              Prose

                                                                Manipuri: Unit 05


                                                                Poetry

                                                                  Mizo: Unit 01


                                                                  Grammar
                                                                  • Vocabulary enrichment in Mizo from other languages

                                                                  Mizo: Unit 02


                                                                  Reading
                                                                  • Comment on the style from unseen passage
                                                                  • Give a suitable title summary of the passage

                                                                  Mizo: Unit 03


                                                                  Composition and writing
                                                                  • Uses of idioms and phrases
                                                                  • A short history of Mizo literature, reports of events and incidents

                                                                  Mizo: Unit 04


                                                                  Literature
                                                                  • Poetry
                                                                  • Prose
                                                                  • Fiction

                                                                  Nepali: Unit 01


                                                                  Grammar

                                                                    Nepali: Unit 02


                                                                    Main course book

                                                                      Nepali: Unit 03


                                                                      Creative writing

                                                                        Odiya: Unit 01


                                                                        Reading comprehension
                                                                        • Unseen prose passage and seen poetry stanzas

                                                                        Odiya: Unit 02


                                                                        Writing
                                                                        • Essay on current topics, official letter

                                                                        Odiya: Unit 03


                                                                        Grammar
                                                                        • Antonym, similar words with different meanings, correction of errors in words, answer in one word

                                                                        Odiya: Unit 04


                                                                        Literature
                                                                        • Prose, poetry, short stories

                                                                        Persian: Unit 01


                                                                        Reading comprehension
                                                                        • Unseen passage

                                                                        Persian: Unit 02


                                                                        Writing skills

                                                                          Persian: Unit 03


                                                                          Applied grammar

                                                                            Persian: Unit 04


                                                                            Literature

                                                                              Russian: Unit 01


                                                                              Applied grammar

                                                                                Russian: Unit 02


                                                                                Reading comprehension
                                                                                • Unseen passage

                                                                                Russian: Unit 03


                                                                                Composition and writing
                                                                                • An essay in Russian on a topic related to everyday life

                                                                                Russian: Unit 04


                                                                                Textbook

                                                                                  Russian: Unit 05


                                                                                  Translation
                                                                                  • From Russian into English (unknown text or sentences), from English in to Russian (unknown text or sentences)

                                                                                  Sindhi: Unit 01


                                                                                  Unseen comprehension
                                                                                  • Unseen paragraphs

                                                                                  Sindhi: Unit 02


                                                                                  Grammar

                                                                                    Sindhi: Unit 03


                                                                                    Main course book

                                                                                      Sindhi: Unit 04


                                                                                      Creative writing
                                                                                      • Essay writing
                                                                                      • Report writing
                                                                                      • Novel

                                                                                      Spanish: Unit 01


                                                                                      Applied grammar

                                                                                        Spanish: Unit 02


                                                                                        Reading comprehension

                                                                                          Spanish: Unit 03


                                                                                          Composition and writing

                                                                                            Tangkhul: Unit 01


                                                                                            Composition
                                                                                            • Comprehension (unseen), notice/ bio sketch, letter writing

                                                                                            Tangkhul: Unit 02


                                                                                            Grammar
                                                                                            • Phonetics, morpho phonemics, nominal, noun, pronoun, deverbal, verbal system, modifier, adnominal, enclitics

                                                                                            Tangkhul: Unit 03


                                                                                            Literature
                                                                                            • Prose, poetry

                                                                                            Telugu-AP: Unit 01


                                                                                            Unseen comprehension
                                                                                            • Unseen paragraphs

                                                                                            Telugu-AP: Unit 02


                                                                                            Grammar

                                                                                              Telugu-AP: Unit 03


                                                                                              Main course book

                                                                                                Telugu-AP: Unit 05


                                                                                                Creative writing
                                                                                                • Essay, report writing

                                                                                                Telugu-Telangana: Unit 01


                                                                                                Unseen comprehension

                                                                                                  Telugu-Telangana: Unit 02


                                                                                                  Grammar

                                                                                                    Telugu-Telangana: Unit 03


                                                                                                    Main course book

                                                                                                      Telugu-Telangana: Unit 04


                                                                                                      Non-detail text

                                                                                                        Telugu-Telangana: Unit 05


                                                                                                        Creative writing
                                                                                                        • Composition and writing, translation

                                                                                                        Tibetan: Unit 01


                                                                                                        Grammar
                                                                                                        • Applied grammar tags jugs
                                                                                                        • Classifications and applications of root letter and prefix letter
                                                                                                        • Tenses

                                                                                                        Tibetan: Unit 02


                                                                                                        Reading
                                                                                                        • Comprehension of a seen and an unseen passage extracted from stories, notes and biographies

                                                                                                        Tibetan: Unit 03


                                                                                                        Writing
                                                                                                        • Letter writing report, bonafide letter
                                                                                                        • Essay writing, techniques for writing prose and short stories

                                                                                                        Tibetan: Unit 04


                                                                                                        Literature
                                                                                                        • Prose
                                                                                                        • Poetry
                                                                                                        • Drama
                                                                                                        • Rapid reading

                                                                                                        Urdu elective: Unit 01


                                                                                                        Reading and comprehension

                                                                                                          Urdu elective: Unit 02


                                                                                                          Writing skills

                                                                                                            Biology: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Reproduction
                                                                                                            • Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization
                                                                                                            • Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Post fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation
                                                                                                            • Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation
                                                                                                            • Human reproduction: Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea)
                                                                                                            • Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDS); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis
                                                                                                            • Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness)

                                                                                                            Biology: Unit 02


                                                                                                            Genetics and evolution
                                                                                                            • Principles of inheritance and variation: Heredity and variation-Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism-incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance
                                                                                                            • Principles of inheritance and variation: Heredity and variation-chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in human being, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over
                                                                                                            • Principles of inheritance and variation: Heredity and variation-sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans -thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes
                                                                                                            • Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-lac operon
                                                                                                            • Molecular basis of inheritance: Genome, human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting

                                                                                                            Biology: Unit 03


                                                                                                            Biology and human welfare
                                                                                                            • Human health and diseases: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control
                                                                                                            • Human health and diseases: Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; adolescence-drug and alcohol abuse
                                                                                                            • Microbes in human welfare: Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use

                                                                                                            Biology: Unit 04


                                                                                                            Biotechnology and its applications
                                                                                                            • Biotechnology-principles and processes: Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)
                                                                                                            • Biotechnology and its application: Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture-human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; transgenic animals
                                                                                                            • Biotechnology and its application: Biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents

                                                                                                            Biology: Unit 05


                                                                                                            Ecology and environment
                                                                                                            • Organisms and populations: Organisms and environment-habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution
                                                                                                            • Biodiversity and its conservation: Biodiversity-concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, sacred groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife
                                                                                                            • Biodiversity and its conservation: Sanctuaries and Ramsar sites

                                                                                                            Biotechnology: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Protein and gene manipulation
                                                                                                            • Recombinant DNA technology: Introduction, tool of DNA technology, making of rDNA molecule, introduction of recombinant DNA into host cells, identification of recombinants, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing
                                                                                                            • Protein structure and engineering: Introduction to the world of proteins, structure-function relationship in proteins, characterization of proteins, protein based products, designing proteins (protein engineering)
                                                                                                            • Genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics: Gene prediction and counting, genome similarity, SNPs and comparative genomics, functional genomics, proteomics, information sources, analysis using bioinformatics tools

                                                                                                            Biotechnology: Unit 02


                                                                                                            Cell culture and genetic manipulation
                                                                                                            • Microbial cell culture and its applications: Introduction, microbial nutrition and culture techniques, measurement and kinetics of microbial growth, isolation of microbial products, strain isolation and improvement
                                                                                                            • Microbial cell culture and its applications: Applications of microbial culture technology
                                                                                                            • Plant cell culture and applications: Introduction, cell and tissue culture techniques, applications of cell and tissue culture, transgenic plants with beneficial traits, biosafety of transgenic plants
                                                                                                            • Animal cell culture and applications: Introduction, animal cell culture techniques, applications of animal cell culture, stem cell technology

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Solid state
                                                                                                            • Classification of solids based on different binding forces: Molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea)
                                                                                                            • Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 02


                                                                                                            Solutions
                                                                                                            • Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties-relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point
                                                                                                            • Depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 03


                                                                                                            Electrochemistry
                                                                                                            • Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity
                                                                                                            • Variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 04


                                                                                                            Chemical kinetics
                                                                                                            • Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant
                                                                                                            • Factors affecting rate of reaction: Integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions)

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 05


                                                                                                            Surface chemistry
                                                                                                            • Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, colloidal state: Distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic, multi-molecular and macromolecular colloids
                                                                                                            • Properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 06


                                                                                                            P-block elements
                                                                                                            • Group -15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen preparation properties and uses
                                                                                                            • Group -15 elements: Compounds of nitrogen-preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid
                                                                                                            • Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: Preparation, properties and uses, classification of oxides, ozone, sulphur-allotropic forms
                                                                                                            • Group 16 elements: Compounds of sulphur-preparation, properties and uses of sulphur-dioxide, sulphuric acid: Properties and uses; oxoacids of sulphur (structures only)
                                                                                                            • Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds
                                                                                                            • Group 17 elements: Oxoacids of halogens (structures only)
                                                                                                            • Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 07


                                                                                                            D and f block elements
                                                                                                            • General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals-metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour
                                                                                                            • Catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation
                                                                                                            • Lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 08


                                                                                                            Coordination compounds
                                                                                                            • Coordination compounds-Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 09


                                                                                                            Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
                                                                                                            • Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.
                                                                                                            • Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only)

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 10


                                                                                                            Alcohols, phenols, and ethers
                                                                                                            • Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration
                                                                                                            • Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols
                                                                                                            • Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 11


                                                                                                            Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids
                                                                                                            • Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses
                                                                                                            • Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 12


                                                                                                            Amines
                                                                                                            • Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines

                                                                                                            Chemistry: Unit 13


                                                                                                            Biomolecules
                                                                                                            • Carbohydrates: Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration
                                                                                                            • Proteins: Elementary idea of-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins-primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins
                                                                                                            • Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

                                                                                                            Physics: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Electrostatics
                                                                                                            • Electric charges and fields: Electric charges; conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two-point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution
                                                                                                            • Electric charges and fields: Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field
                                                                                                            • Electric charges and fields: Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet
                                                                                                            • Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces
                                                                                                            • Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor
                                                                                                            • Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel
                                                                                                            • Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor

                                                                                                            Physics: Unit 02


                                                                                                            Current electricity
                                                                                                            • Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power
                                                                                                            • Electrical resistivity and conductivity; temperature dependence of resistance
                                                                                                            • Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications, Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge (qualitative ideas only)
                                                                                                            • Potentiometer-principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell (qualitative ideas only)

                                                                                                            Physics: Unit 03


                                                                                                            Magnetic effects of current and magnetism
                                                                                                            • Moving charges and magnetism: Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire
                                                                                                            • Moving charges and magnetism: Straight and toroidal solenoids (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
                                                                                                            • Moving charges and magnetism: Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field
                                                                                                            • Moving charges and magnetism: Moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
                                                                                                            • Magnetism and matter: Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements

                                                                                                            Physics: Unit 04


                                                                                                            Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents
                                                                                                            • Electromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual induction
                                                                                                            • Alternating current: Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits. AC generator and transformer

                                                                                                            Physics: Unit 05


                                                                                                            Electromagnetic waves
                                                                                                            • Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative ideas only)
                                                                                                            • Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses

                                                                                                            Physics: Unit 06


                                                                                                            Optics
                                                                                                            • Ray optics and optical instruments: Ray optics-refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker's formula, magnification, power of a lens
                                                                                                            • Ray optics and optical instruments: Ray optics-combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism
                                                                                                            • Ray optics and optical instruments: Optical instruments-microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers
                                                                                                            • Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen's principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen's principle
                                                                                                            • Wave optics: Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum

                                                                                                            Physics: Unit 07


                                                                                                            Dual nature of radiation and matter
                                                                                                            • Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light
                                                                                                            • Experimental study of photoelectric effect, matter waves-wave nature of particles, De-Broglie relation

                                                                                                            Physics: Unit 08


                                                                                                            Atoms and nuclei
                                                                                                            • Atoms: Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum
                                                                                                            • Nuclei: Composition and size of nucleus. Nuclear force: Mass-energy relation, mass defect, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion

                                                                                                            Physics: Unit 09


                                                                                                            Electronic devices
                                                                                                            • Semiconductor electronics: Materials, devices and simple circuits-energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only) semiconductor diode-I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier
                                                                                                            • Semiconductor electronics: Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell

                                                                                                            Mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Relations and Functions
                                                                                                            • Types of relations: Reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions
                                                                                                            • Inverse trigonometric functions: Definition, range, domain, principal value branch

                                                                                                            Mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                            Algebra
                                                                                                            • Matrices: Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar
                                                                                                            • Matrices: Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Noncommutativity of multiplication of matrices, invertible matrices; (here all matrices will have real entries)
                                                                                                            • Determinants: Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix
                                                                                                            • Determinants: Solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix

                                                                                                            Mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                            Calculus
                                                                                                            • Continuity and differentiability: Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions
                                                                                                            • Continuity and differentiability: Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives
                                                                                                            • Applications of derivatives: Applications of derivatives-increasing/ decreasing functions, tangents and normals, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool)
                                                                                                            • Applications of derivatives: Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real life situations)
                                                                                                            • Integrals: Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions, and by parts
                                                                                                            • Integrals: Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them-ʃ dx/ x² ± a², ʃ dx/ √ x² ± a², ʃ dx/ √ a² - x², ʃ dx/ ax² + bx + c, ʃ dx/ √ ax² + bx + c, ʃ px + q/ ax² + bx + c dx, ʃ px + q/ √ ax² + bx + c
                                                                                                            • Integrals: Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them-ʃ √ a² ± x² dx, ʃ √ x² - a² dx
                                                                                                            • Integrals: Fundamental theorem of calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals
                                                                                                            • Applications of the integrals: Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, parabolas; area of circles/ellipses (in standard form only) (the region should be clearly identifiable)
                                                                                                            • Differential equations: Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation
                                                                                                            • Differential equations: Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree of the type: dx/dy=f(y/x)
                                                                                                            • Differential equations: Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dy/dx + py = q, where p and q are functions of x or constant

                                                                                                            Mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                            Vectors and three - dimensional geometry
                                                                                                            • Vectors: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector
                                                                                                            • Vectors: Components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, geometrical interpretation
                                                                                                            • Vectors: Properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors
                                                                                                            • Three-dimensional geometry: Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane
                                                                                                            • Three-dimensional geometry: Distance of a point from a plane

                                                                                                            Mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                            Linear programming
                                                                                                            • Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems
                                                                                                            • Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints)

                                                                                                            Mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                            Probability
                                                                                                            • Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Baye's' theorem, random variable and its probability distribution

                                                                                                            Applied mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Numbers, quantification and numerical applications
                                                                                                            • Modulo arithmetic, congruence modulo, simple arithmetic functions, allegation or mixture, numerical problems on boats and streams; partnership; pipes and cistern; races and games, scheduling, numerical inequalities

                                                                                                            Applied mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                            Algebra
                                                                                                            • Solution of simultaneous linear equations using elimination method (up to 3 variables), matrices and types of matrices, algebra of matrices, determinants, inverse of a matrix, Cramer's rule and its application
                                                                                                            • Simple applications of matrices and determinants including Leontiff input output model for two variables

                                                                                                            Applied mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                            Calculus
                                                                                                            • Application of derivatives, increasing/ decreasing functions, maxima and minima, marginal cost and marginal revenue using derivatives, integration, indefinite integral as family of curves, definite integral as area under the curve
                                                                                                            • Integration of simple algebraic functions (primitive, by substitution, by parts), application of integration (consumer surplus-producer surplus), differential equation (definition, order, degree), formulating and solving linear differential equation
                                                                                                            • Application of differential equation (growth and decay model)

                                                                                                            Applied mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                            Probability
                                                                                                            • Probability distribution, mathematical expectation, variance, Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, basic applications and inferences

                                                                                                            Applied mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                            Inferential statistics
                                                                                                            • Population and sample, parameter, statistic and statistical inferences, t-test (one sample t-test and two independent groups t-test)

                                                                                                            Applied mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                            Index numbers and time-based data
                                                                                                            • Index numbers, uses of index numbers, construction of index numbers (simple and weighted), tests of adequacy of index numbers (unit test and time reversal test), time series, time series analysis for univariant data sets
                                                                                                            • Trend analysis by moving average method, trend analysis by fitting of linear trend line using least squares

                                                                                                            Applied mathematics: Unit 07


                                                                                                            Financial mathematics
                                                                                                            • Perpetuity, sinking funds, valuation of bonds (present value approach and relative price approach), calculation of EMI, calculation of returns, nominal rate of return, effective rate of interest, compound annual growth rate, stock, shares and debentures
                                                                                                            • Linear method of depreciation

                                                                                                            Applied mathematics: Unit 08


                                                                                                            Linear programming
                                                                                                            • Introduction and related terminologies (constraints, objective function, optimization), mathematical formulation of linear programming problems, different types of linear programming problems (transportation and assignment problem)
                                                                                                            • Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded and unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three nontrivial constraints)

                                                                                                            History-Themes in Indian history-part-I: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Bricks, beads and bones
                                                                                                            • The Harappan civilization

                                                                                                            History-Themes in Indian history-part-I: Unit 02


                                                                                                            Kings, farmers and towns
                                                                                                            • Early states and economies (c. 600 BCE-600 CE)

                                                                                                            History-Themes in Indian history-part-I: Unit 03


                                                                                                            Kinship, caste and class
                                                                                                            • Early society societies (C. 600 BCE-600 CE)

                                                                                                            History-Themes in Indian history-part-I: Unit 04


                                                                                                            Thinkers, beliefs and buildings
                                                                                                            • Cultural developments (c. 600 BCE-600 CE)

                                                                                                            History-Themes in Indian history-part-II: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Bhakti-Sufi traditions
                                                                                                            • Changes in religious beliefs and devotional texts (c. eighth to eighteenth centuries)

                                                                                                            History-Themes in Indian history-part-II: Unit 02


                                                                                                            An imperial capital
                                                                                                            • Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth centuries)

                                                                                                            History-Themes in Indian history-part-II: Unit 03


                                                                                                            Kings and chronicles
                                                                                                            • The Mughal courts (c. sixteenth-seventeenth centuries)

                                                                                                            History-Themes in Indian history-part-III: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Colonialism and the countryside
                                                                                                            • Exploring official archives

                                                                                                            History-Themes in Indian history-part-III: Unit 02


                                                                                                            Rebels and the raj
                                                                                                            • 1857 revolt and its representations

                                                                                                            History-Themes in Indian history-part-III: Unit 03


                                                                                                            Mahatma Gandhi and the nationalist movement
                                                                                                            • Civil disobedience and beyond

                                                                                                            History-Themes in Indian history-part-III: Unit 04


                                                                                                            Framing the constitution
                                                                                                            • The beginning of a new era

                                                                                                            Geography-fundamentals of human geography: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Human geography
                                                                                                            • Nature and Scope

                                                                                                            Geography-fundamentals of human geography: Unit 02


                                                                                                            People
                                                                                                            • Population-distribution, density and growth
                                                                                                            • Population change-spatial pattern and structure; determinants of population change
                                                                                                            • Population composition-age-sex ratio; rural-urban composition
                                                                                                            • Human development-concept; selected indicators, international comparisons

                                                                                                            Geography-fundamentals of human geography: Unit 03


                                                                                                            Human activities
                                                                                                            • Primary activities-concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities-some examples from selected countries
                                                                                                            • Tertiary activities-concept; trade, transport and tourism; services; people engaged in tertiary activities-some examples from selected countries
                                                                                                            • Quaternary activities-concept; people engaged in quaternary activities-case study from selected countries

                                                                                                            Geography-fundamentals of human geography: Unit 04


                                                                                                            Human settlements
                                                                                                            • Settlement types-rural and urban; morphology of cities (case study); distribution of mega cities; problems of human settlements in developing countries

                                                                                                            Geography-fundamentals of human geography: Unit 05


                                                                                                            Map work

                                                                                                              Geography-India: People and economy: Unit 01


                                                                                                              People
                                                                                                              • Population: Distribution, density and growth; composition of population-linguistic, religious; sex, rural-urban and occupational-regional variations in growth of population
                                                                                                              • Migration: International, national-causes and consequences
                                                                                                              • Human development: Selected indicators and regional patterns
                                                                                                              • Population, environment and development

                                                                                                              Geography-India: People and economy: Unit 02


                                                                                                              Human settlements
                                                                                                              • Rural settlements-types and distribution
                                                                                                              • Urban settlements-types, distribution and functional classification

                                                                                                              Geography-India: People and economy: Unit 03


                                                                                                              Resources and development
                                                                                                              • Water resources-availability and utilization-irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods-rain water harvesting and watershed management
                                                                                                              • Mineral and energy resources-distribution of metallic (iron ore, copper, bauxite, manganese); non-metallic (mica, salt) minerals
                                                                                                              • Mineral and energy resources-conventional (coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydroelectricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and conservation
                                                                                                              • Planning in India-target group area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study)

                                                                                                              Geography-India: People and economy: Unit 04


                                                                                                              Geographical perspective on selected issues and problems
                                                                                                              • Environmental pollution; urban-waste disposal
                                                                                                              • Urbanization, rural-urban migration; problems of slums
                                                                                                              • Land degradation

                                                                                                              Geography-India: People and economy: Unit 05


                                                                                                              Map work

                                                                                                                Economics-introductory macroeconomics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                National income and related aggregates
                                                                                                                • What is macroeconomics?, basic concepts in macroeconomics: Consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation
                                                                                                                • Circular flow of income (two sector model); methods of calculating national income-value added or product method, expenditure method, income method
                                                                                                                • Aggregates related to national income: Gross national product (GNP), net national product (NNP), gross domestic product (GDP) and net domestic product (NDP)-at market price, at factor cost; real and nominal GDP. GDP and welfare

                                                                                                                Economics-introductory macroeconomics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                Money and banking
                                                                                                                • Money-meaning and supply of money-currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks
                                                                                                                • Money creation by the commercial banking system
                                                                                                                • Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve bank of India): Bank of issue, government bank, banker's bank, control of credit through bank rate, CRR, SLR, repo rate and reverse repo rate, open market operations, margin requirement

                                                                                                                Economics-introductory macroeconomics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                Determination of income and employment
                                                                                                                • Government budget-meaning, objectives and components
                                                                                                                • Classification of receipts-revenue receipts and capital receipts; classification of expenditure-revenue expenditure and capital expenditure
                                                                                                                • Measures of government deficit-revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning

                                                                                                                Economics-introductory macroeconomics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                Balance of payments
                                                                                                                • Balance of payments account-meaning and components; foreign exchange rate-meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating

                                                                                                                Economics-Indian economic development: Unit 01


                                                                                                                Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991
                                                                                                                • A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence
                                                                                                                • Indian economic system and common goals of five year plans
                                                                                                                • Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI-role and importance) and foreign trade
                                                                                                                • Economic reforms since 1991: Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy); concepts of demonetization and GST

                                                                                                                Economics-Indian economic development: Unit 02


                                                                                                                Current challenges facing Indian economy
                                                                                                                • Poverty-absolute and relative; main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment
                                                                                                                • Human capital formation: How people become resource; role of human capital in economic development
                                                                                                                • Rural development: Key issues, credit and marketing, role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification
                                                                                                                • Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies
                                                                                                                • Infrastructure: Meaning and types-case studies: Health, problems and policies-a critical assessment
                                                                                                                • Sustainable economic development: Meaning, effects of economic development on resources and environment, including global warming

                                                                                                                Economics-Indian economic development: Unit 03


                                                                                                                Development Experience of India
                                                                                                                • A comparison with neighbours, India and Pakistan, India and China, issues: Economic growth, population, sectoral development and other human development indicators

                                                                                                                Business studies-principles and functions of management: Unit 01


                                                                                                                Nature and significance of management
                                                                                                                • Management-concept, objectives, and importance
                                                                                                                • Management as science, art and profession
                                                                                                                • Levels of Management
                                                                                                                • Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling
                                                                                                                • Coordination-concept and importance

                                                                                                                Business studies-principles and functions of management: Unit 02


                                                                                                                Principles of management
                                                                                                                • Principles of management-concept and significance
                                                                                                                • Fayol's principles of management
                                                                                                                • Taylor's scientific management-principles and techniques

                                                                                                                Business studies-principles and functions of management: Unit 03


                                                                                                                Business environment
                                                                                                                • Business environment-concept and importance
                                                                                                                • Dimensions of business environment-economic, social, technological, political and legal

                                                                                                                Business studies-principles and functions of management: Unit 04


                                                                                                                Planning
                                                                                                                • Planning: Concept, importance and limitation
                                                                                                                • Planning process

                                                                                                                Business studies-principles and functions of management: Unit 05


                                                                                                                Organising
                                                                                                                • Organising: Concept and importance
                                                                                                                • Organising Process
                                                                                                                • Structure of organisation-functional and divisional concept
                                                                                                                • Delegation: Concept, elements and importance
                                                                                                                • Decentralization: Concept and importance

                                                                                                                Business studies-principles and functions of management: Unit 06


                                                                                                                Staffing
                                                                                                                • Staffing: Concept and importance
                                                                                                                • Staffing process
                                                                                                                • Recruitment process
                                                                                                                • Selection-process
                                                                                                                • Training and development-concept and importance, methods of training-on the job and off the job-vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship training

                                                                                                                Business studies-principles and functions of management: Unit 07


                                                                                                                Directing
                                                                                                                • Directing: Concept and importance
                                                                                                                • Elements of Directing
                                                                                                                • Motivation-concept, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, financial and non-financial incentives
                                                                                                                • Leadership-concept, styles-authoritative, democratic and laissez faire
                                                                                                                • Communication-concept, formal and informal communication

                                                                                                                Business studies-principles and functions of management: Unit 08


                                                                                                                Controlling
                                                                                                                • Controlling-concept and importance
                                                                                                                • Steps in process of control

                                                                                                                Business studies-business finance and marketing: Unit 01


                                                                                                                Financial management
                                                                                                                • Financial management: Concept, role and objectives
                                                                                                                • Financial decisions: Investment, financing and dividend-meaning and factors affecting
                                                                                                                • Financial planning-concept and importance
                                                                                                                • Capital structure-concept and factors affecting capital structure
                                                                                                                • Fixed and working capital-concept and factors affecting their requirements

                                                                                                                Business studies-business finance and marketing: Unit 02


                                                                                                                Financial markets
                                                                                                                • Financial markets: Concept, functions and types
                                                                                                                • Money market and its instruments
                                                                                                                • Capital market: Concept, types (primary and secondary), methods of floatation in the primary market
                                                                                                                • Stock exchange-meaning, functions and trading procedure
                                                                                                                • Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)-objectives and functions

                                                                                                                Business studies-business finance and marketing: Unit 03


                                                                                                                Marketing
                                                                                                                • Marketing-concept, functions and philosophies-product, prize and standard
                                                                                                                • Marketing mix-concept and elements
                                                                                                                • Product-branding, labelling and packaging-concept
                                                                                                                • Price-concept, factors determining price
                                                                                                                • Physical distribution-concept
                                                                                                                • Promotion-concept and elements; advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and public relations

                                                                                                                Business studies-business finance and marketing: Unit 04


                                                                                                                Consumer protection
                                                                                                                • Consumer protection: Concept
                                                                                                                • Consumer protection act 1986: Meaning of consumer, rights and responsibilities of consumers who can file a complaint?, redressal machinery, remedies available

                                                                                                                Accountancy-accounting for not-for-profit organizations, partnership firms and companies: Unit 01


                                                                                                                Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations
                                                                                                                • Not-for-profit organizations: Concept
                                                                                                                • Receipts and payments account: Features and preparation
                                                                                                                • Income and expenditure account: Features, preparation of income and expenditure account and balance sheet from the given receipts and payments account with additional information

                                                                                                                Accountancy-accounting for not-for-profit organizations, partnership firms and companies: Unit 02


                                                                                                                Accounting for partnership firms
                                                                                                                • Partnership: Features, partnership deed
                                                                                                                • Provisions of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 in the absence of partnership deed
                                                                                                                • Fixed v/s fluctuating capital accounts
                                                                                                                • Preparation of profit and loss appropriation account-division of profit among partners, guarantee of profits
                                                                                                                • Past adjustments (relating to interest on capital, interest on drawing, salary and profit sharing ratio)
                                                                                                                • Goodwill: Nature, factors affecting and methods of valuation-average profit, super profit and capitalization
                                                                                                                • Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Change in the profit sharing ratio among the existing partners-sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio, accounting for revaluation of assets
                                                                                                                • Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Reassessment of liabilities and treatment of reserves and accumulated profits. Preparation of revaluation account and balance sheet
                                                                                                                • Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Admission of a partner-effect of admission of a partner on change in the profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets
                                                                                                                • Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Admission of a partner-reassessment of liabilities, treatment of reserves and accumulated profits
                                                                                                                • Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Retirement and death of a partner-effect of retirement/ death of a partner on change in profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26)
                                                                                                                • Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Retirement and death of a partner-treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, adjustment of accumulated profits and reserves and preparation of balance sheet
                                                                                                                • Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Retirement and death of a partner-calculation of deceased partner's share of profit till the date of death
                                                                                                                • Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Dissolution of a partnership firm-meaning of dissolution of partnership and partnership firm, types of dissolution of a firm
                                                                                                                • Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Dissolution of a partnership firm-settlement of accounts-preparation of realization account
                                                                                                                • Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Dissolution of a partnership firm-other related accounts: Capital accounts of partners and cash/ bank a/c (excluding memorandum balance sheet, piecemeal distribution)
                                                                                                                • Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Dissolution of a partnership firm-other related accounts: Capital accounts of partners and cash/ bank a/c (sale to a company and insolvency of partner(s))

                                                                                                                Accountancy-accounting for not-for-profit organizations, partnership firms and companies: Unit 03


                                                                                                                Accounting for companies
                                                                                                                • Accounting for share capital: Share and share capital-nature and types. Accounting for share capital: Issue and allotment of equity and preferences shares. Public subscription of shares-over subscription and under subscription of shares
                                                                                                                • Accounting for share capital: Issue at par and at premium, calls in advance and arrears (excluding interest), issue of shares for consideration other than cash. Concept of private placement and employee stock option plan (ESOP)
                                                                                                                • Accounting for share capital: Accounting treatment of forfeiture and reissue of shares. Disclosure of share capital in the Balance Sheet of a company
                                                                                                                • Accounting for debentures: Debentures-issue of debentures at par, at a premium and at a discount. Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash; issue of debentures with terms of redemption
                                                                                                                • Accounting for debentures: Debentures as collateral security-concept, interest on debentures. Writing off discount/ loss on issue of debentures

                                                                                                                Accountancy-financial statement analysis: Unit 01


                                                                                                                Analysis of financial statements
                                                                                                                • Financial statements of a company: Statement of profit and loss and balance sheet in prescribed form with major headings and sub headings (as per schedule III to the companies act, 2013)
                                                                                                                • Financial statements of a company: Financial statement analysis-objectives, importance and limitations. Tools for financial statement analysis: Comparative statements, common size statements, cash flow analysis, ratio analysis
                                                                                                                • Financial statements of a company: Accounting ratios-meaning, objectives, classification and computation. Liquidity ratios: Current ratio and quick ratio
                                                                                                                • Financial statements of a company: Solvency ratios-debt to equity ratio, total asset to debt ratio, proprietary ratio and interest coverage ratio
                                                                                                                • Financial statements of a company: Activity ratios-inventory turnover ratio, trade receivables turnover ratio, trade payables turnover ratio and working capital turnover ratio
                                                                                                                • Financial statements of a company: Profitability ratios-gross profit ratio, operating ratio, operating profit ratio, net profit ratio and return on investment

                                                                                                                Accountancy-financial statement analysis: Unit 02


                                                                                                                Cash flow statement
                                                                                                                • Meaning, objectives and preparation (as per AS 3 (Revised) (Indirect Method only)

                                                                                                                Computer science: Unit 01


                                                                                                                Computational thinking and programming-2
                                                                                                                • Basics of Python covered in class XI
                                                                                                                • Functions: Scope, parameter passing, mutable/ immutable properties of data objects, passing strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries to functions, default parameters, positional parameters, return values
                                                                                                                • Functions: Functions using libraries-mathematical and string functions, functions using libraries-mathematical and string functions
                                                                                                                • File handling: Need for a data file, types of file: Text files, binary files and CSV (comma separated values) files
                                                                                                                • Text file: Basic operations on a text file-open (filename-absolute or relative path, mode), close a text file, reading and manipulation of data from a text file, appending data into a text file, standard input/ output and error streams
                                                                                                                • Text file: Relative and absolute paths
                                                                                                                • Binary file: Basic operations on a binary file-open (filename-absolute or relative path, mode), close a binary file, pickle module-methods load and dump; read, write/ create, search, append and update operations in a binary file
                                                                                                                • CSV file: Import csv module, functions-open, close a csv file, read from a csv file and write into a csv file using csv.reader ( ) and csv.writerow( )
                                                                                                                • Using Python libraries: Import Python libraries
                                                                                                                • Data-structures: Lists as covered in class XI, stacks-push, pop using a list

                                                                                                                Computer science: Unit 02


                                                                                                                Computer networks
                                                                                                                • Evolution of networking: ARPANET, internet, interspace different ways of sending data across the network with reference to switching techniques (circuit and packet switching)
                                                                                                                • Data communication terminologies: Concept of channel, bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz) and data transfer rate (bps, kbps, mbps, gbps, tbps)
                                                                                                                • Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link, microwave link and satellite link
                                                                                                                • Network devices: Modem, RJ45 connector, ethernet card, router, switch, gateway, wifi card
                                                                                                                • Network topologies and types: Bus, star, tree, PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN
                                                                                                                • Network protocol: TCP/IP, file transfer protocol (FTP), PPP, HTTP, SMTP, POP3, remote login (telnet) and internet, wireless/ mobile communication protocol such as GSM, GPRS and WLL
                                                                                                                • Mobile telecommunication technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G; mobile processors; electronic mail protocols such as SMTP, POP3, protocols for chat and video conferencing: VoIP, wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and WiMax
                                                                                                                • Network security concepts: Threats and prevention from viruses, worms, Trojan horse, spams use of cookies, protection using firewall, https; India IT act, cyber law, cyber crimes, IPR issues, hacking
                                                                                                                • Introduction To web services: WWW, hyper text markup language (HTML), extensible markup language (XML); hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP); domain names; URL; website, web browser, web servers; web hosting

                                                                                                                Computer science: Unit 03


                                                                                                                Database management
                                                                                                                • Database concepts: Introduction to database concepts and its need
                                                                                                                • Relational data model: Concept of domain, relation, tuple, attribute, degree, cardinality, key, primary key, candidate key, alternate key and foreign key
                                                                                                                • Structured Query Language
                                                                                                                • General concepts: Advantages of using SQL, data definition language and data manipulation language
                                                                                                                • Data types: Number/ decimal, character/ varchar/ varchar2, date; SQL commands
                                                                                                                • Select, distinct, from, where, in, between, like, null/ is null, order by, group by, having
                                                                                                                • SQL functions: SUM ( ), AVG ( ), COUNT ( ), MAX ( ) and MIN ( ); joins: Equi-join and natural join
                                                                                                                • Interface of Python with an SQL database-connecting SQL with Python, creating database connectivity applications, performing insert, update, delete queries-display data by using fetchone(), fetchall(), rowcount

                                                                                                                Engineering graphics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                Isometric projection of solids
                                                                                                                • Construction of isometric scale showing main divisions of 10mm and smaller divisions of 1mm, also showing the leading angles
                                                                                                                • Drawing helping view/s such as triangles, pentagon, hexagon, etc, using isometric scale
                                                                                                                • Isometric projection (drawn to isometric scale) of solids such as cube; regular prisms and pyramids (triangular, square, pentagonal and hexagonal); cone; cylinder; sphere; hemisphere
                                                                                                                • The axis and the base side of the solid should be either perpendicular to HP/ VP or parallel to HP and VP (indicate the direction of viewing)
                                                                                                                • Combination of any two above mentioned solids keeping the base side parallel or perpendicular to HP/ VP and placed centrally together (axis of both the solids should not be given parallel to HP)

                                                                                                                Engineering graphics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                Machine drawing
                                                                                                                • Drawing of machine parts: (i) Drawing to full size scale with instruments-introduction of threads: Standard profiles of screw threads-square, knuckle, B.S.W., metric (external and internal); bolts-square head, hexagonal head; nuts-square head
                                                                                                                • Drawing of machine parts: (i) Drawing to full size scale with instruments-hexagonal head; plain washer; combination of nut and bolt with or without washer for assembling two parts together
                                                                                                                • Drawing of machine parts: (ii) Free-hand sketches-conventional representation of external and internal threads; types of studs-plain stud, square-neck stud, collar stud; types of rivets-snap head, pan head (without tapered neck), flat head
                                                                                                                • Drawing of machine parts: (ii) Free-hand sketches-60° countersunk flat head
                                                                                                                • Assembly drawings and dis-assembly drawings: 1. Bearings-(i) open-bearing, (ii) bush-bearing 2. Rod-joints-(i) cotter-joints for round-rods (sleeve and cotter joint), (ii) cotter-joints for square rods (gib and cotter-joint)
                                                                                                                • Assembly drawings and dis-assembly drawings: 3. Tie-rod and pipe-joint-(i) turnbuckle, (ii) flange pipe joint

                                                                                                                Entrepreneurship: Unit 01


                                                                                                                Entrepreneurial opportunities
                                                                                                                • Sensing entrepreneurial opportunities
                                                                                                                • Environment Scanning
                                                                                                                • Problem Identification
                                                                                                                • Idea fields
                                                                                                                • Spotting Trends
                                                                                                                • Creativity and Innovation
                                                                                                                • Selecting the Right Opportunity

                                                                                                                Entrepreneurship: Unit 02


                                                                                                                Entrepreneurial planning
                                                                                                                • Forms of business organization-sole proprietorship, partnership, company
                                                                                                                • Business plan: Concept, format
                                                                                                                • Components: Organisational plan; operational plan; production plan; financial plan; marketing plan; human resource planning

                                                                                                                Entrepreneurship: Unit 03


                                                                                                                Enterprise marketing
                                                                                                                • Marketing and Sales strategy
                                                                                                                • Branding, logo, tagline
                                                                                                                • Promotion strategy

                                                                                                                Entrepreneurship: Unit 04


                                                                                                                Enterprise growth strategies
                                                                                                                • Franchising: Concept, types, advantages, limitations
                                                                                                                • Mergers and acquisition: Concept, reasons, types

                                                                                                                Entrepreneurship: Unit 05


                                                                                                                Business arithmetic
                                                                                                                • Unit of Sale, Unit Cost for multiple products or services
                                                                                                                • Break even Analysis for multiple products or services
                                                                                                                • Computation of working capital
                                                                                                                • Inventory control and EOQ
                                                                                                                • Return on investment (ROI) and return on equity (ROE)

                                                                                                                Entrepreneurship: Unit 06


                                                                                                                Resource mobilization
                                                                                                                • Capital market-primary
                                                                                                                • Angel investor: Features
                                                                                                                • Venture capital: Features, funding

                                                                                                                Hindustani music melodic instruments: Unit 01


                                                                                                                Brief study of the following
                                                                                                                • Gram, Murchhana, Alankar, Alap, Tana
                                                                                                                • Gamak, Meend, Kan, krintan, Zamzama, Ghaseet, Sut

                                                                                                                Hindustani music melodic instruments: Unit 02


                                                                                                                Historical development of time theory of ragas

                                                                                                                  Hindustani music melodic instruments: Unit 03


                                                                                                                  Detail study of the following
                                                                                                                  • Sangeet Ratnakar, Sangeet Parijat

                                                                                                                  Hindustani music melodic instruments: Unit 06


                                                                                                                  Tuning of the Instrument opted for

                                                                                                                    Hindustani music melodic instruments: Unit 08


                                                                                                                    Writing in notation the compositions of prescribed ragas
                                                                                                                    • Bhairav, Bageshri, Malkauns

                                                                                                                    Hindustani music percussion instruments: Unit 01


                                                                                                                    Short notes of the following Uthan

                                                                                                                      Hindustani music percussion instruments: Unit 02


                                                                                                                      Comparative study of the following
                                                                                                                      • Chautala-Ektala, Jhaptala-Sultala

                                                                                                                      Hindustani music percussion instruments: Unit 03


                                                                                                                      Layakari and its varieties

                                                                                                                        Hindustani music percussion instruments: Unit 04


                                                                                                                        Brief description of Gharanas of Tabla or Pakhawaj

                                                                                                                          Hindustani music percussion instruments: Unit 05


                                                                                                                          History of Tabla

                                                                                                                            Hindustani music percussion instruments: Unit 06


                                                                                                                            Biographies of Pandit Kishan Maharaj and Ustad Zakir Hussain

                                                                                                                              Hindustani music percussion instruments: Unit 08


                                                                                                                              Notation of the prescribed talas and compositions

                                                                                                                                Hindustani music percussion instruments: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                Recognition of talas from given portion of the Thekas and compositions

                                                                                                                                  Hindustani music percussion instruments: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                  Prescribe talas
                                                                                                                                  • Teentala or Adi tala, Rupak or Tevra

                                                                                                                                  Hindustani music vocal: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                  Brief study of the following
                                                                                                                                  • Alankar, Kan, Meend, Khatka, Murki, Gamak
                                                                                                                                  • Gram, Murchhana, Alap, Tana

                                                                                                                                  Hindustani music vocal: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                  Historical development of time theory of ragas

                                                                                                                                    Hindustani music vocal: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                    Detail study of the following
                                                                                                                                    • Sangeet Ratnakar, Sangeet Parijat

                                                                                                                                    Hindustani music vocal: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                    Tuning of Tanpura

                                                                                                                                      Hindustani music vocal: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                      Notation the compositions of prescribed ragas
                                                                                                                                      • Bhairav, Bageshri, Malkauns

                                                                                                                                      Carnatic music (melodic instrumental): Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      History and Theory of Indian Music
                                                                                                                                      • An out-line knowledge of the following Lakshana Granthas: Sangita Saramrita Sangita Sampradaya Pradarsini, Svaramelakalanidhi and Ragavibhodha, Brihaddesi
                                                                                                                                      • Short life sketch and contributions of the following: Annamacharya, Swati Tirunal, Kshetrajna, Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer, Patnam Subramanya lyer, Ramnad Srinivasa Iyengar Mysore Doraiswamy Iyengar, Dwaram Venkataswamy
                                                                                                                                      • Short life sketch and contributions of the following: Naidu Karaikkudi Brothers, Mysore Vasudevachar
                                                                                                                                      • Brief study of the musical form, Kriti, Tiruppugazh, Padam, Javali and Tillana
                                                                                                                                      • Detailed study of the Manodharma Sangita
                                                                                                                                      • Definition and explanation of the following: Janaka, Janya system of Ragas, Bhashanga, Upanga, Varja, Vakra Ragas, Gamakas, Arudi, Eduppu, Jati, Prabandham, Grama, Murchchana, Jaati and Vishesha Prayogas
                                                                                                                                      • Description of the ragas prescribed
                                                                                                                                      • Notation the kriti/kirtana in the ragas prescribed
                                                                                                                                      • Describe the construction of the instrument opted for alongwith the basic techniques of playing
                                                                                                                                      • Classification of instruments in general and a brief history of the instrument opted for

                                                                                                                                      Carnatic music (vocal): Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      History and Theory of Indian Music
                                                                                                                                      • An outline knowledge of the following Lakshana Grandha to Sangita Saramrita, Sangita Sampradaya Pradarsini, Svaramelakalanidhi, Raga Vibodha, Brihaddesi
                                                                                                                                      • Short life sketch and contributions of the following: Annamacharya, Kshetrajna, Swati Tirunal, Gopalakrishna Bharati, Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer, Patanam Subramanya Aiyar. Ramnad Srinivasa Iyenger, Mysore Vasudevachar
                                                                                                                                      • A study of musical forms: Kriti, Padam, Javali, Tillana, Tiruppugazh, Ragamalika
                                                                                                                                      • Detailed study of Manodharma Sangita
                                                                                                                                      • Definition and explanation of the following: Janaka-Janya ragas, Bhashanga, Upanga, Varja, Vakra ragas, Gamakas, Arudi, Eduppu, Prabandham, Grama, Murchana, Jaati
                                                                                                                                      • Lakshanas of the ragas prescribed in practical activity
                                                                                                                                      • Notation of the Kriti/ Kirtana in the prescribed ragas
                                                                                                                                      • Brief description of concert instruments, their construction and techniques of playing
                                                                                                                                      • Classification of musical Instruments in general

                                                                                                                                      Carnatic (percussion instrumental): Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      History and Theory of Indian Music
                                                                                                                                      • An outline knowledge of following Lakshana Granthas with special reference to Tala and percussion in Chaturdandi Prakashika, Sangita Ratnakara, Ragavibhodha, Svaramela Kalanidhi
                                                                                                                                      • Short life sketch and contributions of the following luminaries: Needamangalam Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai, Tanjore Vaidyanatha Iyer, Palghat Mani Iyer, Umaiyalpuram Kodanda Ramaiyer, Pudukkottai Swaminatha Pillai, Palani Subramania Pillai, Vilvadri Iyer
                                                                                                                                      • Study of the musical forms, Pallavi, Sollukattu, Tillana, Padam and Javali
                                                                                                                                      • Definition and explanation of the following: Padagarbham, Arudi, Eduppu, Gati-bheda, Anuloma, Pratiloma, Tisram, Trikalam, Theka, Shadangas, Talas
                                                                                                                                      • Classification of percussion instruments in general and a brief history of the instrument opted for
                                                                                                                                      • Technical Terms: Vilamba, Madhya, Druta, Atitam, Anagatam, Pharan, Kalapramanam, Ghumki, Konnakkol, Choru, Varu, Toppi
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the fundamental structure, technique and playing of other percussion instruments like Morsing, Tabla, Chenda, Edakka and Gettu Vadyam

                                                                                                                                      Dance: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      Kathak dance
                                                                                                                                      • A brief history with other classical dance styles of India
                                                                                                                                      • Basic understanding of the term ABHINAYA and definition of its four aspects: Angika, Vachika, Aharya, Satvika
                                                                                                                                      • Aquitance of the three gharanas of kathak dance (Lucknow, Jaipur, Banaras)
                                                                                                                                      • Rasa: Definition and explanation of ninerasas
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: (Short note) Sangeet, Tal, Laya, Angahara, Bhramari, Lokadharmi, Natyadharmi, Rasa Andbhava
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the technical terminology of the dance form: Definition of the following-i) Vandana, ii) Tihaayi, iii) Aamad, iv) Toda/ Tukraa, v) Paran, vi) Chakardar Toda/ Tukraa and Paran, vii) Gatnikas, viii) Gatbhaav
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the technical terminology of the dance form: Knowledge of Theka of Dadra, Kaharwa, Roopak. Definition of Tali, Khali, Sam, Tihaay. Ability to notate a Tukraa/ Toda and Paran.
                                                                                                                                      • Acquaintance with the traditional costumes and makeup

                                                                                                                                      Dance: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                      Bharatnatyam Dance
                                                                                                                                      • Acquaintance with life history of the chief exponents and contributors of the past of the dance form: Rukmini Devi Arundale, Balasraswati, Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai, Tanjorequartette
                                                                                                                                      • Acquaintance with the contents of the Abhinaya Darpana
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: Nritta, Nritya, Natya (Sanskrit slokas from the Abinaya Darpana and basic definition) Tandava (7 tandavas with detailed stories) Lasya, Lokadharmi, Natyadharmi (definitions with example)
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: Sthana, Chari, Mandala, Bharmari, Utplavana (slokas and meaning from Abinaya Darpana)
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: Abhinaya (Angika, Vachika, Satvika, Aharya-slokas from the Abinaya Darpana along with the meaning)
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: Sangeeta, Tala, Laya (definition of the term, seven talams, three layams)
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: Rasa (names of the nine rasas and their English meanings)
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the technical terminology of the particular dance form:
                                                                                                                                      • Definitions of the following: Araimandi, Muzhumandi, Kuttanam, Korvai, Karvai, Adavu, Shollu, Aradhi, Theerumanam, Jati, Jaati, Gati, Avartana, Yati, Taalanga, Thattukazhi, Nattuvangam, Arangetram)
                                                                                                                                      • Acquaintance with the traditional costumes, make up of the dance styleopted

                                                                                                                                      Dance: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                      Kuchipudi Dance
                                                                                                                                      • A brief history and acquaintance with some traditional dance forms of the region, other than the one offered for study
                                                                                                                                      • Acquaintance with life history of the chief exponents of the dance form, past and present
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: Nritta, Nritya, Natya, Tandava, Lasya, Lokadharmi,Natyadharmi
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: Chaturvidha Abhinaya (Angika, Vachika, Satyika, Aharya) with special reference to Mukhaja Abhinaya
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: Sanchari Bhava, Sattvika Bhava
                                                                                                                                      • Types of compositions and formats used in Kuchipudi
                                                                                                                                      • Definitions of the following: Rangapuja, Shabdam,Ashthapadi, Kalaapam, (Bhaama Kalaapam, Golla Kalaapam)

                                                                                                                                      Dance: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                      Odissi Dance
                                                                                                                                      • Elementary knowledge about the three styles of Chhau: Mayurbhanj, Seraikella and Purulia
                                                                                                                                      • Brief notes on the lives and contribution of the three gurus: Guru Pankaj Charan Das, Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra and Guru Deba Prasad Das
                                                                                                                                      • Elementary introduction to the texts; Natya Shastra, Abhinaya Darpana, and Abhinaya Chandrika: a) Identification of the author (approximate date), b) basic overview of the broad areas covered in the context of each text
                                                                                                                                      • Natya Shastra, Abhinaya Darpana, and Abhinaya Chandrika: c) Myths regarding the origin of dance according to each text
                                                                                                                                      • Basic understanding of the term Abhinaya and definition of its four aspects: Angika, Vachika, Aharya and Sattvik
                                                                                                                                      • Rasa: Definition and short explanation of the nine rasas
                                                                                                                                      • Short notes on: a) The Aharya of Odissi. b) The music accompaniment of Odissi
                                                                                                                                      • Brief explnation of the following terms: a) Nritta, Nritya andNatya, b) Matra, Laya, Taal, Avartana, Vibhaga (Anga), c) Tandava and Lasya d) Natyadharmi and Lokdharmi
                                                                                                                                      • Write some names of folk dances of Odisha

                                                                                                                                      Dance: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                      Manipuri dance
                                                                                                                                      • Acquaintance with life history of chief exponents past and present of the dance form
                                                                                                                                      • Acquaintance with the contents of Abhinaya Darpana
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: Nritta, Nritya and Natya. Tandava, Lasya, Loka Dharmi, Natya Dharm. Abhinaya: Angika, Vachika, Aharya and Satvika. Sangeet: TalaLaya. Rasa: Sthayi Bhava, Sanchari Bhava
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of technical terms of the style: Chali, Bhangi, Longlei, Uplei. Different kinds of Choloms: Kartal Cholom, Khubak Isei Cholom, Pung Cholom. Sankirtan. Different Talas, Rajmel, Menkup, Tanchap
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of technical terms of the style: Different kinds of Raas
                                                                                                                                      • Acquaintance with the traditional costumes, make up for the dance style offered: Potloi and its different components for Radha and Gopis. Krishna's costume. Typical traditional make up for Manipuri classical dances with emphasis on Vaishnava Tilak

                                                                                                                                      Dance: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                      Kathakali Dance
                                                                                                                                      • Acquaintance with the life history of the great masters of the dance form of both past and present
                                                                                                                                      • Acquaintance with the contents of the Hastha Lakshana Deepika and Natyasasthra
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: (i) Nritta, Nritya, Natya, Tandava, Lasya, Lokadharmi, Natyadharmi. (ii) Anga, Upanga, Prathyanga
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: (iii) Abhinaya (Angika, Vachika, Satvika, Aharaya) with special reference to Hasta-Abhinaya, Mukhaja-Abhinaya andNetra-Abhinaya. (iv) Sangeeta, Tala, Laya
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the following terms: (v) Rasa, Rasadhrishti, Sthaayibhava, Sthaayidrishti, Sancharibhava, Bhaava, Vibhaava, Anubhaava and Sathvika Bhaava
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the technical terminology of the art forms: (a) Mutiyettu, Theyyam, Kootiyaattam, Ramanattam, Krishnattam, Ottanthullal, and Kalarippayattu
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the technical terminology of the art forms: (b) Hastas-Samyutha, Asamyuta, Mishra, Nanartha from Hastalakshanadipika, (c) Kaal SadhakamI rativatam, (d) Kalassam, Ashtakalasam, Ilakiyattam,Cholliyattam
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the technical terminology of the art forms: (e) Keli, Arangu Keli (Shuddha Maddalam), Todayam, Purappadu, Melapada, and Dhanaasi , (f) Chutti, Pachchha, Kathi, Thaadi, Kari, Minukku
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the technical terminology of the art forms: (g) Rasa, Rasadhrishti, Sthaayibhava, Sthaayidrishti, Sancharibhava, Manodharma,Cholliyaattam and Ilakiyaattam
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of the technical terminology of the art forms: (h) Ability to write in notation talas learnt under practicals
                                                                                                                                      • Acquaintance with the traditional costumes and makeup of the dance style opted
                                                                                                                                      • Knowledge of Kathakali music both vocal and percussion

                                                                                                                                      Home science: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      Work, livelihood, and career
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction: Work and meaningful work. Work, careers and livelihood
                                                                                                                                      • Traditional occupation in India: Agriculture, handicrafts, Indian cuisine, visual arts
                                                                                                                                      • Work, age and gender: Gender issues in relation to work. Issues and concerns related to women and work-KGBV, Beti bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana
                                                                                                                                      • Attitudes and approaches to work and life skills for livelihood: Attitudes and approaches to work. Life skills for livelihood. Essential soft skills at workplace
                                                                                                                                      • Ergonomics: Definition and need for ergonomics. Benefits of ergonomics
                                                                                                                                      • Entrepreneurship: Definition and characteristics

                                                                                                                                      Home science: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                      Nutrition, food science and technology
                                                                                                                                      • Clinical nutrition and dietetics: Introduction-nutrition, clinical nutrition. Significance. Basic concepts-diet therapy. Types of diets: Regular diet and modified diets. Changes in consistency. Feeding routes. Prevention of chronic diseases
                                                                                                                                      • Clinical nutrition and dietetics: Preparing for career. Scope
                                                                                                                                      • Public nutrition and health: Introduction. Significance. Basic concept-public health nutrition, nutritional problems of India: Protein energy malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies-iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin-A deficiency
                                                                                                                                      • Public nutrition and health: Micronutrient deficiencies-iodine deficiency disorders
                                                                                                                                      • Public nutrition and health: Strategies/ intervention to tackle nutritional problems-diet or food based strategies, nutrient based strategies
                                                                                                                                      • Public nutrition and health: Nutrition programmes operating in India-ICDS, nutrient deficiency control programmes, food supplementation programmes, food security programme. Health Care. Scope
                                                                                                                                      • Food processing and technology: Introduction. Significance. Basic concepts-food science, food processing, food technology, food manufacturing. Development of food processing and technology. Importance of food processing and preservation
                                                                                                                                      • Food processing and technology: Classification of food on the basis of extent and type of processing. Preparing for a career. Scope
                                                                                                                                      • Food quality and food safety: Introduction. Significance. Basic concepts-food safety (toxicity and hazard), hazards (physical, chemical, and biological), food infection, food poisoning, food quality. Food standards regulation in India-FSSA (2006)
                                                                                                                                      • Food quality and food safety: International organization and agreements in the area of food standards, quality, research and trade-codex alimentarius commission, international organization for standardisation, world trade organization
                                                                                                                                      • Food quality and food safety: Food safety management systems-good manufacturing practices (GMP), good handling practices (GHP), hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP). Scope

                                                                                                                                      Home science: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                      Human development and family studies
                                                                                                                                      • Early childhood care and education: Significance. Basic concepts. Preparing for a career. Scope
                                                                                                                                      • Management of support services, institutions and programmes for children, youth and elderly: Significance. Basic concepts. Why are children vulnerable?
                                                                                                                                      • Management of support services, institutions and programmes for children, youth and elderly: Institutions, programmes, and initiatives for children-ICDS, SOS children's village, children's homes run by the government, adoption. Why are youth vulnerable?
                                                                                                                                      • Management of support services, institutions and programmes for children, youth and elderly: Youth programmes in India. Why are the elderly vulnerable?. Some programmes for the elderly. Preparing for a career. Scope

                                                                                                                                      Home science: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                      Fabric and apparel
                                                                                                                                      • Design for fabric and apparel: Introduction. Basic concepts (design: Structural and applied). Elements of design-colour, texture, line, shapes or form. Principles of design-proportion, balance, emphasis, rhythm, harmony. Preparing for career. Scope
                                                                                                                                      • Fashion design and merchandising: Introduction. Significance. Basic concepts-fashion terminology-fashion, fads, style, classic. Fashion development-France-the centre of fashion, fashion evolution. Fashion merchandising. Fashion retail organization
                                                                                                                                      • Fashion design and merchandising: Preparing For a career. Scope
                                                                                                                                      • Care and maintenance of fabrics in institutions: Introduction. Basic concepts-washing equipment, drying equipment, ironing/ pressing equipment. Institutions. Preparing for a career. Scope

                                                                                                                                      Home science: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                      Resource management
                                                                                                                                      • Hospitality management: Introduction. Significance. Basic concepts. Departments involved in hospitality management of an organization. Scope
                                                                                                                                      • Consumer education and protection: Introduction. Significance of consumer education and protection. Basic concepts-consumer product, consumer behaviour, consumer forum, consumer footfalls, consumer problems, consumer rights
                                                                                                                                      • Consumer education and protection: Basic concepts-standardized marks (ISI, Wool Mark, Hall Mark, Silk Mark), protection councils, consumer responsibilities. Scope

                                                                                                                                      Home science: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                      Communication and extension
                                                                                                                                      • Development communication and journalism: Introduction. Significance. Basic concepts-development, development journalism, development communication. Methods of communication-campaign, radio and television, print media
                                                                                                                                      • Development communication and journalism: Methods of communication-information and communication technologies. Knowledge and skills required for a career in this field. Scope and career avenues in development communication

                                                                                                                                      Informatics practices: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      Data handling using pandas-I
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction to python libraries-pandas, matplotlib
                                                                                                                                      • Data structures in pandas-series and data frames
                                                                                                                                      • Series: Creation of series from-ndarray, dictionary, scalar value; mathematical operations; head and tail functions; selection, indexing and slicing
                                                                                                                                      • Data frames: Creation-from dictionary of series, list of dictionaries, text/ CSV files; display; iteration; operations on rows and columns: add, select, delete, rename; head and tail functions; indexing using labels, Boolean indexing
                                                                                                                                      • Data frames: Importing/ exporting data between CSV files and data frames
                                                                                                                                      • Data visualization: Purpose of plotting; drawing and saving following types of plots using Matplotlib-line plot, bar graph, histogram customizing plots: Adding label, title, and legend in plots

                                                                                                                                      Informatics practices: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                      Database query using SQL
                                                                                                                                      • Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ()
                                                                                                                                      • Text functions: UCASE ()/ UPPER (), LCASE ()/ LOWER (), MID ()/ SUBSTRING ()/ SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ()
                                                                                                                                      • Date functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME ()
                                                                                                                                      • Aggregate functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using COUNT (*)
                                                                                                                                      • Querying and manipulating data using group by, having, order by

                                                                                                                                      Informatics practices: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                      Introduction to computer networks
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction to networks, types of network: LAN, MAN, WAN
                                                                                                                                      • Network devices: modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway
                                                                                                                                      • Network topologies: Star, bus, tree, mesh
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction to internet, URL, WWW, and its applications- web, email, chat, VoIP
                                                                                                                                      • Website: Introduction, difference between a website and webpage, static vs. dynamic web page, web server and hosting of a website
                                                                                                                                      • Web browsers: Introduction, commonly used browsers, browser settings, add-ons and plug-ins, cookies

                                                                                                                                      Informatics practices: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                      Societal impacts
                                                                                                                                      • Digital footprint, net and communication etiquettes, data protection, intellectual property rights (IPR), plagiarism, licensing and copyright, free and open source software (FOSS), cybercrime and cyber laws, hacking, phishing, cyber bullying
                                                                                                                                      • Overview of Indian IT act
                                                                                                                                      • E-waste: Hazards and management
                                                                                                                                      • Awareness about health concerns related to the usage of technology

                                                                                                                                      Knowledge tradition and practices of India: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      Agriculture: A survey
                                                                                                                                      • Agriculture in prehistory and proto history/ textual sources/ types of lands/ rain-fed and irrigated crops/ implements/ seed and sowing/manures/pests and their management/ cattle management/horticulture and arboriculture/ fishing/ agriculture and society
                                                                                                                                      • Agricultural heritage: Excerpts from primary texts
                                                                                                                                      • Rigveda/ Kṛṣiparāśara (c. 400 BCE) / Kauṭilya (3rd or 4th century BCE)/ Kaśyapiyakṛṣisukti (800 CE) / Vṛkṣāyurveda (c. 1000 CE) / Kṛṣigītā (c. 1500 AD)

                                                                                                                                      Knowledge tradition and practices of India: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                      Architecture: A survey
                                                                                                                                      • Early and classical architecture
                                                                                                                                      • Temple architecture/ rock-cut structures/ monolithic temples/ constructed temples/ public and private architecture
                                                                                                                                      • Excerpts from primary texts
                                                                                                                                      • Viudharmottarapura / Kautilya's Arthasastra / Mayamata

                                                                                                                                      Knowledge tradition and practices of India: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                      Dance: A survey
                                                                                                                                      • Classical dance forms: Classical period/ middle period/ modern period/ classical dance forms/ Bharatanatyam/ Kathakali/ Kathak/ Kuchipudi/ Manipuri/ Orissi/ Sattriya. Primary texts on dance in India: A selection
                                                                                                                                      • Classical dance forms: Natyasastra (tr. Manomohan Ghosh)/ Natyasastra. Natyasastra dance: A survey
                                                                                                                                      • Folk dance forms: Chau/ Bihu/ Rauf/ Padayani/ DolluKunitha/ Dandiya/ Ghumar/ Kalbelia/ Chau and fla/ Bhangra/ Giddha/ Garba/ Lava)i/ Bamboo dance

                                                                                                                                      Knowledge tradition and practices of India: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                      Education systems and practices: A survey
                                                                                                                                      • Goals of Indian education/ teaching and learning/ the teacher and the student/ centres of education / temples as first schools/ gurukulas/ Viharas and universities/ community supported education/ the continuing system
                                                                                                                                      • Primary texts on education in India: A selection
                                                                                                                                      • Two types of knowledge and the right pupil/ mere intellectual knowledge is not enough/ the link between teacher and pupil/ teachers invite students to come to them/ controlling the mind and the senses: The goal of Indian education
                                                                                                                                      • Teacher's directives to students on their completion of study/ what is a useful life? / Hsuan-tsang's (Xuanzang) impressions of Indian education/ Hsuan-tsang’s (XuanZang) description of Nalanda University
                                                                                                                                      • Narratives of Indian education in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries
                                                                                                                                      • An Italian explorer's record of Indian education in the 17th century/ a description of Indian education in the 18th century/ the teacher's subsistence/ respect for the teacher/ physical education and sports
                                                                                                                                      • Description of the university at Navadveep (Nuddeah) in Bengal in 1791/ love of learning and support for education among Indians/ a widespread pre-colonial network of indigenous schools

                                                                                                                                      Knowledge tradition and practices of India: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                      Ethics: Individual and Social
                                                                                                                                      • The cosmic order/ Buddhist ethics/ Jain ethics/ Sikh ethics/ the Bhakti
                                                                                                                                      • Movement primary texts on ethics: Individual and social-a selection
                                                                                                                                      • From Jain Granthas/ from Buddhist Granthas/ from Asoka's edicts/ from the Kural (tr. P.S. Sundaram)

                                                                                                                                      Knowledge tradition and practices of India: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                      Martial arts traditions: A survey
                                                                                                                                      • Texts/ practice of martial arts/ stick combat/ Kalarippayau martial arts traditions: A selection from primary texts wrestling in the Mahabharata/ Mallapura/ Marmasastram

                                                                                                                                      Knowledge tradition and practices of India: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                      Language and Grammar
                                                                                                                                      • Languages of India/ study of language in India/ disciplines of language studies in India/ classification of speech-sounds/ theory of grammar
                                                                                                                                      • Primary texts on language: A selection
                                                                                                                                      • Reflections on language from vedic sources/ phonetics: Panini Siksa (tr. and ed., Manmohan Ghosh)/ Nirukta (etymology): The Nighantu and the Nirukta of Yaskacarya (tr. and ed., Lakshman Sarup)
                                                                                                                                      • Patañjali’s Mahabhashya (adapted from S.N. Dasgupta's translation)/ grammar, language and knowledge: Bhartrihari's Vakyapadiya, Brahmakanda, tr. K.A. Subramania Iyer

                                                                                                                                      Knowledge tradition and practices of India: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                      Other technologies: A survey
                                                                                                                                      • Harappan technologies/ later pottery/ glass/ water management/ textile technology/ writing technologies: A selection from primary texts
                                                                                                                                      • Gemmology/ water management/ textiles and garments/ perfumes and cosmetics

                                                                                                                                      Legal studies: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      Judiciary
                                                                                                                                      • Structure and hierarchy of courts and legal offices in India
                                                                                                                                      • Constitution, roles and impartiality
                                                                                                                                      • Appointments, trainings, retirement and removal of judges
                                                                                                                                      • Courts and judicial review

                                                                                                                                      Legal studies: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                      Topics in law
                                                                                                                                      • Law of property
                                                                                                                                      • Law of contracts
                                                                                                                                      • Law of torts
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction to criminal laws in India

                                                                                                                                      Legal studies: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                      Arbitration, tribunal adjudication, and alternate dispute resolution
                                                                                                                                      • Adversarial and inquisitorial systems
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction to alternative dispute resolution
                                                                                                                                      • Types of ADR
                                                                                                                                      • Arbitration, administrative tribunals
                                                                                                                                      • Mediation and Conciliation
                                                                                                                                      • Lok Adalats
                                                                                                                                      • Ombudsman
                                                                                                                                      • Lokpal and lokayukta

                                                                                                                                      Legal studies: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                      Human rights in India
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction-international context
                                                                                                                                      • Constitutional framework and related laws in India
                                                                                                                                      • Complaint mechanisms of Quasi-judicial bodies

                                                                                                                                      Legal studies: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                      Legal profession in India
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction, the advocates act, 1961, The Bar Council of India, lawyers and professional ethics, advertising by lawyers, opportunities for law graduates, legal education in India, liberalization of the legal profession
                                                                                                                                      • Women and the legal profession in India

                                                                                                                                      Legal studies: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                      Legal services
                                                                                                                                      • Legal background-free legal aid under criminal law, legal aid by the state, legal aid under the Indian constitution, NALSA regulations, 2010
                                                                                                                                      • Criteria for giving free legal services
                                                                                                                                      • Lok Adalats
                                                                                                                                      • Legal aid in context of social justice and human rights

                                                                                                                                      Legal studies: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                      International context
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction to International Law
                                                                                                                                      • Sources of international law-treaties, customs and ICJ decisions
                                                                                                                                      • International institutions, international human rights
                                                                                                                                      • Customary international law
                                                                                                                                      • International law and municipal law
                                                                                                                                      • International law and India
                                                                                                                                      • Dispute resolution-ICJ, ICC and other dispute resolution mechanisms

                                                                                                                                      Physical education: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      Planning in sports
                                                                                                                                      • Meaning and Objectives Of Planning
                                                                                                                                      • Various committees and its responsibilities (pre; during and post)
                                                                                                                                      • Tournament-knock-out, league or round robin and combination
                                                                                                                                      • Procedure to draw fixtures-knock-out (bye and seeding) and league (staircase and cyclic)

                                                                                                                                      Physical education: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                      Sports and nutrition
                                                                                                                                      • Balanced diet and nutrition: Macro and micro nutrients
                                                                                                                                      • Nutritive and non-nutritive components of diet
                                                                                                                                      • Eating for weight control-a healthy weight, the pitfalls of dieting, food intolerance and food myths

                                                                                                                                      Physical education: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                      Yoga and lifestyle
                                                                                                                                      • Asanas as preventive measures
                                                                                                                                      • Obesity: Procedure, benefits and contraindications for Vajrasana, Hastasana, Trikonasana, Ardh Matsyendrasana
                                                                                                                                      • Diabetes: Procedure, benefits and contraindications for Bhujangasana, Paschimottasana, Pavan Muktasana, Ardh Matsyendrasana
                                                                                                                                      • Asthema: Procedure, benefits and contraindications for Sukhasana, Chakrasana, Gomukhasana, Parvatasana, Bhujangasana, Paschimottasana, Matsyasana
                                                                                                                                      • Hypertension: Tadasana, Vajrasana, Pavan Muktasana, Ardha Chakrasana, Bhujangasana, Sharasana

                                                                                                                                      Physical education: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                      Physical education and sports for CWSN (children with special needs-Divyang)
                                                                                                                                      • Concept of Disability and Disorder
                                                                                                                                      • Types of disability, its causes and nature (cognitive disability, intellectual disability, physical disability)
                                                                                                                                      • Types of disorder, its cause and nature (ADHD, SPD, ASD, ODD, OCD)
                                                                                                                                      • Disability Etiquettes
                                                                                                                                      • Strategies to make Physical Activities assessable for children with special need

                                                                                                                                      Physical education: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                      Children and women in sports
                                                                                                                                      • Motor development and factors affecting it
                                                                                                                                      • Exercise Guidelines at different stages of growth and Development
                                                                                                                                      • Common postural deformities-knock knee; flat foot; round shoulders; lordosis, kyphosis, bow legs and scoliosis and their corrective measures
                                                                                                                                      • Sports participation of women in India

                                                                                                                                      Physical education: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                      Test and measurement in sports
                                                                                                                                      • Motor fitness test-50 M standing start, 600 M run/ walk, sit and reach, partial curl up, push ups (boys), modified push ups (girls), standing broad jump, agility-4x10 M shuttle run
                                                                                                                                      • Measurement of cardio vascular fitness-Harvard step test/ rockport test-computation of fitness index: Duration of the exercise in seconds x 100/ 5.5 x pulse count of 1-1.5 min after exercise
                                                                                                                                      • Rikli and Jones-senior citizen fitness test: Chair stand test for lower body strength, arm curl test for upper body strength, chair sit and reach test for lower body flexibility, back scratch test for upper body flexibility
                                                                                                                                      • Rikli and Jones-senior citizen fitness test: Eight foot up and go test for agility, six minute walk test for aerobic endurance

                                                                                                                                      Physical education: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                      Physiology and injuries in sports
                                                                                                                                      • Physiological factor determining component of Physical Fitness
                                                                                                                                      • Effect of exercise on cardio respiratory system
                                                                                                                                      • Effect of exercise on Muscular System
                                                                                                                                      • Sports injuries: Classification (soft tissue injuries: (Abrasion, contusion, laceration, incision, sprain and strain) bone and joint injuries: (Dislocation, fractures: Stress fracture, green stick, communated, transverse oblique and impacted) causes
                                                                                                                                      • Sports injuries: Prevention and treatment
                                                                                                                                      • First aid-aims and objectives

                                                                                                                                      Physical education: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                      Biomechanics and sports
                                                                                                                                      • Meaning and importance of biomechanics in sports
                                                                                                                                      • Types of movements (flexion, extension, abduction and adduction)
                                                                                                                                      • Newton's law of motion and its application in sports

                                                                                                                                      Physical education: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                      Psychology and sports
                                                                                                                                      • Personality; its definition and types-trait and types (Sheldon and Jung classification) and big give theory
                                                                                                                                      • Motivation, its type and techniques
                                                                                                                                      • Meaning, concept and types of aggressions in sports

                                                                                                                                      Physical education: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                      Training in sports
                                                                                                                                      • Strength-definition, types and methods of improving strength-isometric, isotonic and isokinetic
                                                                                                                                      • Endurance-definition, types and methods to develop endurance-continuous training, interval training and Fartlek training
                                                                                                                                      • Speed-definition, types and methods to develop speed-acceleration run and pace run
                                                                                                                                      • Flexibility-definition, types and methods to improve flexibility
                                                                                                                                      • Coordinative abilities-definition and types

                                                                                                                                      Psychology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      Variations in psychological attributes
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction
                                                                                                                                      • Individual Differences in Human Functioning
                                                                                                                                      • Assessment of Psychological Attributes
                                                                                                                                      • Intelligence
                                                                                                                                      • Theories of intelligence: Psychometric theories of intelligence, information processing theories, theory of multiple intelligences, triarchic theory of intelligence, planning, attention-arousal and simultaneous successive model of intelligence
                                                                                                                                      • Individual Differences in Intelligence
                                                                                                                                      • Culture and Intelligence
                                                                                                                                      • Emotional Intelligence
                                                                                                                                      • Special abilities: Aptitude-nature and measurement
                                                                                                                                      • Creativity

                                                                                                                                      Psychology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                      Self and personality
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction
                                                                                                                                      • Self and Personality
                                                                                                                                      • Concept of Self
                                                                                                                                      • Cognitive and Behavioural Aspects of Self
                                                                                                                                      • Culture and Self
                                                                                                                                      • Concept of Personality
                                                                                                                                      • Major approaches to the Study of personality: Type approach, trait approach, psychodynamic approach, behavioural approach, cultural approach, humanistic approach
                                                                                                                                      • Assessment of personality: Self-report measures, projective techniques, behavioural analysis

                                                                                                                                      Psychology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                      Meeting life challenges
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction
                                                                                                                                      • Nature, types and sources of stress
                                                                                                                                      • Effects of stress on psychological functioning and health: Stress and health, general adaptation syndrome, stress and immune system, lifestyle
                                                                                                                                      • Coping with stress: Stress management techniques
                                                                                                                                      • Promoting positive health and well-being: Stress resistant personality, life skills, positive health

                                                                                                                                      Psychology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                      Psychological disorders
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction
                                                                                                                                      • Concepts of abnormality and psychological disorders: Historical background
                                                                                                                                      • Classification of Psychological Disorders
                                                                                                                                      • Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour
                                                                                                                                      • Major psychological disorders: Anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, trauma-and stressor-related disorders, somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative disorders, depressive disorder, bipolar and related disorders
                                                                                                                                      • Major psychological disorders: Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders, feeding and eating disorders, substance related and addictive disorders

                                                                                                                                      Psychology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                      Therapeutic approaches
                                                                                                                                      • Nature and process of psychotherapy: Therapeutic relationship
                                                                                                                                      • Types of therapies: Behaviour therapy, cognitive therapy, humanistic-existential therapy, alternative therapies
                                                                                                                                      • Rehabilitation of the Mentally Ill

                                                                                                                                      Psychology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                      Attitude and social cognition
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction
                                                                                                                                      • Explaining Social Behaviour
                                                                                                                                      • Nature and Components of Attitudes
                                                                                                                                      • Attitude formation and change: Attitude formation, attitude change, attitude-behaviour relationship
                                                                                                                                      • Prejudice and Discrimination
                                                                                                                                      • Strategies for Handling Prejudice

                                                                                                                                      Psychology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                      Social influence and group processes
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction
                                                                                                                                      • Nature and Formation of Groups
                                                                                                                                      • Type of Groups
                                                                                                                                      • Influence of group on individual behaviour: Social loafing, group polarisation

                                                                                                                                      Sociology-Indian society: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      The demographic structure of the Indian society
                                                                                                                                      • Theories and concepts in demography
                                                                                                                                      • Rural-urban linkages and divisions
                                                                                                                                      • Population policy in India

                                                                                                                                      Sociology-Indian society: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                      Social institutions: Continuity and change
                                                                                                                                      • Caste and the caste system
                                                                                                                                      • Tribal communities
                                                                                                                                      • Family and Kinship

                                                                                                                                      Sociology-Indian society: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                      Patterns of social inequality and exclusion
                                                                                                                                      • Social inequality and social exclusion
                                                                                                                                      • Systems justifying and perpetuating inequality-caste, tribe, the other backward classes
                                                                                                                                      • Adivasi struggles
                                                                                                                                      • The struggle for women's equality and rights
                                                                                                                                      • The struggles of the Differently Abled

                                                                                                                                      Sociology-Indian society: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                      The challenges of cultural diversity
                                                                                                                                      • Cultural communities and the nation state
                                                                                                                                      • Regionalism in the Indian context
                                                                                                                                      • The nation state and religion related issues and identities
                                                                                                                                      • Communalism, secularism and the nation state
                                                                                                                                      • State and Civil Society

                                                                                                                                      Sociology-social change and development in India: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      Structural change
                                                                                                                                      • Understanding colonialism, industrialization, urbanization

                                                                                                                                      Sociology-social change and development in India: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                      Cultural change
                                                                                                                                      • Social reform movements
                                                                                                                                      • Different kinds of social change: Sanskritisation, westernization, modernization, secularization

                                                                                                                                      Sociology-social change and development in India: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                      Change and development in rural society
                                                                                                                                      • Agrarian structure: Caste and class in rural India
                                                                                                                                      • Land reforms, green revolution and emerging agrarian society
                                                                                                                                      • Green revolution and its social consequences
                                                                                                                                      • Transformation in Rural Society
                                                                                                                                      • Circulation of labour
                                                                                                                                      • Globalization, liberalization and rural society

                                                                                                                                      Sociology-social change and development in India: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                      Change and development in industrial society
                                                                                                                                      • From Planned Industrialization to Liberalization
                                                                                                                                      • How people find jobs
                                                                                                                                      • Work processes: How work is carried out, working conditions, home based work, strikes and unions

                                                                                                                                      Sociology-social change and development in India: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                      Social movements
                                                                                                                                      • Concept of social movements
                                                                                                                                      • Theories and Classification of Social Movements
                                                                                                                                      • Environmental Movements
                                                                                                                                      • Class-based movements: Workers, peasants
                                                                                                                                      • Caste-based movements: Dalit movement, backward class/ castes, trends in upper caste responses
                                                                                                                                      • Tribal Movements
                                                                                                                                      • Women's movements in independent India

                                                                                                                                      Fine art-painting: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                      The Rajasthani and Pahari schools of miniature painting
                                                                                                                                      • The Rajasthani school: Origin and development. Sub-schools-Mewar, Bundi, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Kishangarh and Jaipur
                                                                                                                                      • The Rajasthani school: Main features of the Rajasthani school. Appreciation of the following Rajasthani paintings-title: Maru-Ragini, Chaugan players, Krishna on swing, Radha (Bani-Thani), Bharat meets Rama at Chitrakuta
                                                                                                                                      • The Pahari school: Origin and development. Sub-schools-Basohli, Guler, Kangra, Chamba and Garhwal. Main features of the Pahari school
                                                                                                                                      • The Pahari school: Appreciation of the following Pahari paintings-title: Krishna with Gopis Nand, Yashoda, Krishna with Kinsmen going to Vrindavana

                                                                                                                                      Fine art-painting: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                      The Mughal and Deccan schools of miniature painting (16th century A.D. to 19th century A.D.)
                                                                                                                                      • The Mughal school: Origin and development. Main features of the Mughal school. Appreciation of the following Mughal paintings: Title-Krishna lifting mount govardhana, falcon on a bird-rest, Kabir and Raidas, Marriage procession of Dara Shukoh
                                                                                                                                      • The Deccan school: Origin and development. Main features of the Deccan school. Appreciation of the following Deccan paintings: Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusro. Chand Bibi playing polo (Chaugan)

                                                                                                                                      Fine art-painting: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                      The Bengal school of painting and the modern trends in Indian art
                                                                                                                                      • About the beginning to mid of the 20th century: National flag of India and the symbolic significance of its forms and the colours
                                                                                                                                      • About the beginning to mid of the 20th century: Introduction to the Bengal school of painting-(i) origin and development of the Bengal school of painting, (ii) main features of the Bengal school of painting
                                                                                                                                      • About the beginning to mid of the 20th century: Appreciation of the following paintings of the Bengal school-(i) Journey's end-Abanindranath Tagore, (ii) Shiv and Sati-Nandla Bose, (iv) Radhika-M.A.R.Chughtai, (v) Meghdoot-Ram Gopal Vijaivargiya
                                                                                                                                      • About the beginning to mid of the 20th century: Contribution of Indian artists in the struggle for national freedom movement
                                                                                                                                      • The modern trends in Indian art: Appreciation of the following contemporary (modern) Indian art
                                                                                                                                      • The modern trends in Indian art: Paintings-(i) Rama vanquishing the pride of the ocean-Raja Ravi Varma, (ii) Mother and child-Jamini Roy, (iii) Haldi Grinders-Amrita Sher Gill, (iv) Mother Teresa-M.F.Husain
                                                                                                                                      • The modern trends in Indian art: Graphic-prints-(i) Children-Somnath Hore, (ii) Devi-Jyoti Bhatt, (iii) Of walls-Anupam Sud, (iv) Man, woman and tree-K. Laxma Goud
                                                                                                                                      • The modern trends in Indian art: Sculptures-(i) Triumph of labour-D. P. Roychowdhury, (ii) Santhal family-Ramkinkar Vaij, (iii) Cries un-heard-Amar Nath Sehgal, (iv) Ganesha-P.V. Janaki Ram

                                                                                                                                      Fine art-applied art (commerical art): Unit 02


                                                                                                                                      The Rajasthani and Pahari schools of miniature painting

                                                                                                                                        Fine art-applied art (commerical art): Unit 03


                                                                                                                                        The Mughal and Deccan schools of miniature painting

                                                                                                                                          Fine art-applied art (commerical art): Unit 04


                                                                                                                                          The Bengal school of painting and the modern trends in Indian art
                                                                                                                                            • Students are advised to practice the sample papers or the previous year's question papers as prescribed by CBSE to know the exam pattern well. 
                                                                                                                                            • By solving last year's sample papers, students can check the type of questions to be asked in the CBSE 12th exams 2025.
                                                                                                                                            • CBSE has released the class 12 sample papers on its official website.
                                                                                                                                            • Moreover, they also know how to answer, the type of questions and other important aspects.



                                                                                                                                            To qualify for the CBSE 12th exams 2025 with flying colours, students should be aware of how what and when to prepare for the board exam. Read the CBSE 12th preparation tips below to make the preparation easier-

                                                                                                                                            • Know the syllabus and start early: Before starting CBSE Class 12th preparation, candidates should first check the syllabus prescribed by the board for both theory and practical. This helps in knowing the most important topics to cover for CBSE Class 12 board exams.
                                                                                                                                            • Solve as many question papers as possible: CBSE provides previous year question papers and model papers officially. Students can download the same from the official site of CBSE in the curriculum section and solve the maximum number of question papers to get an understanding of the types of questions asked in the CBSE 12th exam 2025.   
                                                                                                                                            • Eat healthily: This is a very important point. Yes, you have your 12th CBSE exams knocking at your door. But that does not mean that you can stop eating and keep mugging from your textbooks. Take time to relax. Have your meals on time and more importantly don't skip any of them. 
                                                                                                                                            • Exercise: Do not just sit on your study desk and read all the time. Take time to move around. Learn some basic exercises, especially, those that involve breathing and moving your arms.  
                                                                                                                                            • Sleep well: Along with eating and exercising, it is very important that you don't lose your sleep over your 12th CBSE exam. Many students sleep late when they are preparing. This is to be avoided at all costs. Less sleep will only hamper your memory. As a result, you might forget what you have studied in the examination hall. 
                                                                                                                                            • Make notes: Keep a pen and notepad handy. Keep taking notes. Keeping a note helps in remembering the important points.
                                                                                                                                            • Central Board of Secondary Education releases the admit card for CBSE 12th exams 2025 for regular students.
                                                                                                                                            • The CBSE 12th admit card will be released in February 2025. 
                                                                                                                                            • Regular students will be able to collect their Class 12th board exams admit card from their respective schools.
                                                                                                                                            • Private students will be able to download it from the official website of CBSE. 
                                                                                                                                            • CBSE Class 12 admit card will contain the exam schedule, student name, date of birth, CBSE 12th roll number and exam day instructions.
                                                                                                                                            • Students should keep their admit cards safe till they get admission to higher studies as the CBSE 12th roll number and mark sheet is the minimum requirements to get admission. 

                                                                                                                                            Steps to Download the CBSE 12th Admit Card 2025:

                                                                                                                                            • Visit the official website: cbse.nic.in.
                                                                                                                                            • Click on the CBSE 12th admit card link.
                                                                                                                                            • Enter application number and roll number.
                                                                                                                                            • The admit card will be displayed on the screen.
                                                                                                                                            • Download the CBSE Class 12 admit card 2025 and take a print of the same.

                                                                                                                                            Central Board of Secondary Education provides CBSE Class 12 answer key 2025 to respective exam centres. The officials of exam centres can download the answer key through the link given by the board. Students can access the unofficial answer key 2025 through the link given above and calculate their probable score.

                                                                                                                                            CBSE will release the CBSE 12th exam results in May 2025. Students can view their scores on the CBSE 12th result on the official website: cbseresults.nic.in. They should have their admit card number, roll number, school number and test centre number to access their results. 

                                                                                                                                            Steps to Check the CBSE Class 12 Result 2025

                                                                                                                                            • Visit the CBSE class 12 official link.
                                                                                                                                            • Enter your class XII board roll number, admit card number, school number and test centre number and click on 'submit'.
                                                                                                                                            • Your result of CBSE Board 12th 2025 will be displayed on the screen.
                                                                                                                                            • Download and take a printout of it and keep it safe for future reference.

                                                                                                                                            Students who are unsatisfied with their scores in the CBSE Class 12 Board exams 2025 can either apply for re-evaluation or can appear in the compartment exam if they fail in one subject.

                                                                                                                                            General Information

                                                                                                                                            Contacts

                                                                                                                                            011-22509256 + 2 more

                                                                                                                                            Relevant Links

                                                                                                                                            Official Website Link Click Here

                                                                                                                                            Frequently Asked Questions

                                                                                                                                            1. What is the difficulty level of the CBSE 12th question papers 2025?

                                                                                                                                            The difficulty level of the CBSE 12th 2025 exam is moderate.

                                                                                                                                            2. When will the CBSE 12th result 2025 be released?

                                                                                                                                            CBSE 12th Class result 2025 will be declared in May 2025.

                                                                                                                                            3. From where can I download the CBSE 12th admit card?

                                                                                                                                            The admit card is available to download online for private students on - cbse.nic.in and regular students can collect their admit cards from their respective schools.

                                                                                                                                            4. How to transfer marks from CBSE to NIOS?

                                                                                                                                            For this, students will have to apply for NIOS admission under Transfer of Credit.

                                                                                                                                            5. What is the difference between CBSE verification and re-evaluation?

                                                                                                                                            In the verification, the marks will be verified only along with the total. Whereas re-evaluation is a different thing in which the answers are re-checked by a teacher.

                                                                                                                                            6. When will CBSE Sample Papers 2025 Class 12th be released?

                                                                                                                                            CBSE Class 12 sample papers 2025 has been released on September 5, 2024, as per the latest syllabus.

                                                                                                                                            7. What are the minimum marks to pass CBSE class 12th board exams 2025?

                                                                                                                                            A student will have to score at least 33% marks separately in CBSE 12th theory exam and practical exam/Internal assessment/Project work along with 33% marks in aggregate.

                                                                                                                                            8. How can I score better in CBSE 12th exam?

                                                                                                                                            You will have to study sincerely to score good marks in the CBSE 12 exams and practice with CBSE 12th sample papers 2025 to boost exam preparation.

                                                                                                                                            9. Is it important to carry the CBSE 12th admit card in the exam hall?

                                                                                                                                            It is mandatory to carry the admit card and school ID card to the exam hall.

                                                                                                                                            10. When will the CBSE 12th date sheet 2025 be issued?

                                                                                                                                            CBSE Class 12 exam date sheet will be released in December 2024.

                                                                                                                                            Upcoming Exams

                                                                                                                                            Questions related to CBSE Class 12th

                                                                                                                                            Have a question related to CBSE Class 12th ?

                                                                                                                                            Hello there! Thanks for reaching out to us at Careers360.

                                                                                                                                            Ah, you're looking for CBSE quarterly question papers for mathematics, right? Those can be super helpful for exam prep.

                                                                                                                                            Unfortunately, CBSE doesn't officially release quarterly papers - they mainly put out sample papers and previous years' board exam papers. But don't worry, there are still some good options to help you practice!

                                                                                                                                            Have you checked out the CBSE sample papers on their official website? Those are usually pretty close to the actual exam format. You could also look into previous years' board exam papers - they're great for getting a feel for the types of questions that might come up.

                                                                                                                                            If you're after more practice material, some textbook publishers release their own mock papers which can be useful too.

                                                                                                                                            Let me know if you need any other tips for your math prep. Good luck with your studies!

                                                                                                                                            It's understandable to feel disheartened after facing a compartment exam, especially when you've invested significant effort. However, it's important to remember that setbacks are a part of life, and they can be opportunities for growth.

                                                                                                                                            Possible steps:

                                                                                                                                            1. Re-evaluate Your Study Strategies:

                                                                                                                                              • Identify Weak Areas: Pinpoint the specific topics or concepts that caused difficulties.
                                                                                                                                              • Seek Clarification: Reach out to teachers, tutors, or online resources for additional explanations.
                                                                                                                                              • Practice Regularly: Consistent practice is key to mastering chemistry.
                                                                                                                                            2. Consider Professional Help:

                                                                                                                                              • Tutoring: A tutor can provide personalized guidance and support.
                                                                                                                                              • Counseling: If you're feeling overwhelmed or unsure about your path, counseling can help.
                                                                                                                                            3. Explore Alternative Options:

                                                                                                                                              • Retake the Exam: If you're confident in your ability to improve, consider retaking the chemistry compartment exam.
                                                                                                                                              • Change Course: If you're not interested in pursuing chemistry further, explore other academic options that align with your interests.
                                                                                                                                            4. Focus on NEET 2025 Preparation:

                                                                                                                                              • Stay Dedicated: Continue your NEET preparation with renewed determination.
                                                                                                                                              • Utilize Resources: Make use of study materials, online courses, and mock tests.
                                                                                                                                            5. Seek Support:

                                                                                                                                              • Talk to Friends and Family: Sharing your feelings can provide comfort and encouragement.
                                                                                                                                              • Join Study Groups: Collaborating with peers can create a supportive learning environment.

                                                                                                                                            Remember: This is a temporary setback. With the right approach and perseverance, you can overcome this challenge and achieve your goals.

                                                                                                                                            I hope this information helps you.







                                                                                                                                            Hi,

                                                                                                                                            The Medhavi National Scholarship Program, under the Human Resources & Development Mission (HRDM), offers financial assistance to meritorious students through a scholarship exam. To be eligible, candidates must be between 16 and 40 years old as of the last date of registration and have at least passed the 10th grade from a recognized board. Higher qualifications, such as 11th/12th grade, graduation, post-graduation, or a diploma, are also acceptable.

                                                                                                                                            To apply, download the Medhavi App from the Google Play Store, sign up, and read the detailed notification about the scholarship exam. Complete the registration within the app, take the exam from home using the app, and receive your results within two days. Following this, upload the necessary documents and bank account details for verification. Upon successful verification, the scholarship amount will be directly transferred to your bank account.

                                                                                                                                            The scholarships are categorized based on the marks obtained in the exam: Type A for those scoring 60% or above, Type B for scores between 50% and 60%, and Type C for scores between 40% and 50%. The cash scholarships range from Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 18,000 per month, depending on the exam and the marks obtained.

                                                                                                                                            Since you already have a 12th-grade qualification with 84%, you meet the eligibility criteria and can apply for the Medhavi Scholarship exam. Preparing well for the exam can increase your chances of receiving a higher scholarship.

                                                                                                                                            Yuvan 17 September 2024

                                                                                                                                            hello mahima,

                                                                                                                                            If you have uploaded screenshot of your 12th board result taken from CBSE official website,there won,t be a problem with that.If the screenshot that you have uploaded is clear and legible. It should display your name, roll number, marks obtained, and any other relevant details in a readable forma.ALSO, the screenshot clearly show it is from the official CBSE results portal.

                                                                                                                                            hope this helps.

                                                                                                                                            Hello Akash,

                                                                                                                                            If you are looking for important questions of class 12th then I would like to suggest you to go with previous year questions of that particular board. You can go with last 5-10 years of PYQs so and after going through all the questions you will have a clear idea about the type and level of questions that are being asked and it will help you to boost your class 12th board preparation.

                                                                                                                                            You can get the Previous Year Questions (PYQs) on the official website of the respective board.

                                                                                                                                            I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries then feel free to share your questions with us we will be happy to assist you.

                                                                                                                                            Thank you and wishing you all the best for your bright future.

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