NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and its Applications

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Students can download the questions with detailed answers in a PDF format for better learning. The Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Applications question answer are a valuable resource for students to score well in their exams.

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Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Applications Solutions (Exercise Questions)

The detailed answers to all the questions given in the textbook are provided below. Through regular practice of the Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Applications question answer, which are prepared according to the NCERT curriculum, students can understand the concepts related to biotechnology.

Ques 1: Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants, and why?

Ans: Meristematic tissue (e.g., shoot apical meristem) is most appropriate for the production of virus-free plants since it is generally free from viral infections. This is because viruses find it difficult to reach actively dividing cells in the meristem.

Ques 2: What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?

Ans: Micropropagation enables one to produce large numbers of genetically uniform plants rapidly. It can be applied for the propagation of disease-free plants and the conservation of rare or endangered species.

Ques 3: Find out what the various components of the medium used for propagation of an explant in vitro are.

Ans: The medium used for in vitro propagation includes nutrients like sucrose (source of energy), minerals (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), vitamins, plant growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins), and agar (gelling agent).

Ques 4: Crystals of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because-

(a) Bacteria are resistant to the toxin

(b) The toxin is immature

(c) Toxin is inactive

(d) Bacteria enclose toxins in a special sac.

Ans: Bt toxin crystals formed in bacteria do not kill the bacteria because the toxin is inactive. The Bt toxin is in an inactive state inside the bacteria and is only activated when it is ingested by insects, where it is activated by the alkaline pH of the insect gut.

Hence, the correct answer is (c) Toxin is inactive

Ques 5: What are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example.

Ans: Transgenic bacteria are those whose genomes have been altered by recombinant DNA technology to include foreign genes. A good example is transgenic E. coli, which has been genetically modified to produce human insulin by the introduction of DNA sequences encoding the A and B chains of insulin, thus allowing it to synthesise insulin for the treatment of diabetes.

Ques 6: Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the production of genetically modified crops.

Ans: The following table shows the advantages and disadvantages of GM crops:

Ques 7: What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produces it. How has man exploited this protein to his benefit?

Ans: Cry proteins are insecticidal proteins carried by the cry genes, which are produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). They are toxic to many insect larvae, especially those belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Humans have utilised Cry proteins by transferring the cry genes into genetically modified crops like Bt cotton and Bt brinjal, rendering them resistant to certain insect pests.

Ques 8: What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.

Ans: Gene therapy includes methods to fix or substitute faulty genes that cause disease occurrence. ADA deficiency, for example, is a result of a mutation in the gene for the adenosine deaminase enzyme. In one important case, a 4-year-old patient received gene therapy in which his lymphocytes were grown, a viable ADA cDNA was introduced with a retroviral vector, and afterwards, these converted cells were administered back into the patient's circulation. The diagram given below illustrates gene therapy for Adenosine deaminase deficiency.

Ques 9: Diagrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing a human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli.

Ans: Below is the diagram to represent the steps in DNA cloning.

A diagrammatic representation of the steps in DNA cloning

Ques 10: Can you suggest a method to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds based on your understanding of rDNA technology and the chemistry of oil?

Ans: By recombinant DNA technology or RNA interference (RNAi), genes controlling oil/fatty acid synthesis in seeds can be silenced, reducing oil content

Ques 11: Find out from the internet what golden rice is.

Ans: Golden Rice is genetically modified rice that produces β-carotene (provitamin A) in its endosperm. It was developed by inserting the psy and crtI genes, helping prevent vitamin A deficiency.

Ques 12: Do our blood cells have proteases and nucleases?

Ans: Blood contains proteases (like thrombin, plasmin) for clotting and nucleases (like DNase) for defense. Their activity is controlled by inhibitors to prevent damage to the body.

Ques 13: Consult the internet and find out how to make orally active protein pharmaceuticals. What is the major problem to be encountered?

Ans: To prepare orally active protein drugs, proteins or peptides are encapsulated in liposomes along with penetration enhancers for oral administration. The principal difficulty encountered is that the proteins can be hydrolysed by the proteases of the stomach before exerting their therapeutic action, which requires alternative routes of administration directly to target locations.

Also, check the NCERT Books and the NCERT Syllabus here:

• NCERT Books Class 12 Biology

• NCERT Syllabus Class 12 Biology

• NCERT Books Class 12

• NCERT Syllabus Class 12

Approach to Solve Biotechnology and Its Applications Class 12 Question Answer

To solve the textbook questions effectively, one needs to understand the concepts first. The chapter has important terms, such as GM crops, genetically engineered insulin, and transgenic animals. To understand these definitions clearly, students can refer to the Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Applications question answer. Making notes of the chapter is important to prepare effectively for the exam. Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Applications Solutions includes all the solved exercise questions, with to-the-point answers. Therefore, one should practice the NCERT Solutions for class 12 to have an overall idea of the chapter.

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Important Question of NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10

Given below is an important question from this chapter, which helps students understand how questions are framed in the exam. For more such questions, students can refer to the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Applications.

Question 1: Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction?

1. Denaturation of template DNA

2. Annealing of primers to template DNA

3. Extension of the primer end on the template DNA

4. All of the above

Answer:

The extension of the primer end on the template DNA occurs during DNA replication or PCR amplification. Once the primer binds to the template strand, DNA polymerase extends the primer by adding complementary nucleotides to the growing strand. This process occurs in the 5' to 3' direction, with the polymerase synthesising the new strand based on the template sequence. The extension continues until the entire segment of DNA has been replicated or amplified.

Hence, the correct answer is option (3) Extension of the primer end on the template DNA

NCERT Solutions for Class 12- Subject-wise

• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths

• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

• NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics

What Students Learn from Biotechnology and Its Applications NCERT Solutions

This chapter explains how biotechnology is applied in agriculture, medicine, industry, and research to benefit humans.

1. Students learn about Bt cotton and how genetically modified crops help in controlling insect pests.

2. Through the Biotechnology and Its Applications NCERT Solutions, they understand the concept of RNA interference and its role in developing pest-resistant plants.

3. The chapter explains medical applications like genetically engineered insulin and gene therapy for treating genetic disorders.

4. Molecular diagnosis techniques such as PCR and ELISA are also discussed for early disease detection.

5. By studying the Biotechnology and Its Applications Class 12 question answer, learners explore topics like transgenic animals, DNA fingerprinting, and ethical issues.

What Extra Should Students Study Beyond the NCERT for NEET?

Provided below is a table that includes all the topics that students have to study beyond the NCERT for the NEET exam. To gain clarity on the topics, students can refer to the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Applications.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter-wise

Below are the chapter-wise solutions for quick and easy access: