CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 PDF, Download Subject Wise

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Unit No. and Name

Chapter/s Name

Marks

1. Electrostatics

Electric Charges and Fields

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

16

2. Current Electricity

Current Electricity

3. Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetism

Moving Charges and Magnetism

Magnetism and Matter

17

4. Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic Induction

Alternating Currents

5. Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic Waves

18

6. Optics

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Wave Optics

7. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

12

8. Atoms and Nuclei

Atoms

Nuclei

9. Electronic Devices

Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

7

Total

70

Unit

Marks

Solutions

7

Electrochemistry

9

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

6

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

6

Biomolecules

7

Chemical Kinetics

7

d-and f-Block Elements

7

Coordination Compounds

7

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

8

Amines

6

Total

70

Topics

Marks

Reproduction

16

Genetics and Evolution

20

Biology and Human Welfare

12

Biotechnology and its Applications

12

Ecology and Environment

10

Total

70

Units

Chapters

Marks

Part A

Principles and Functions of Management

Nature and Significance of Management

16

Principles of Management

Business Environment

Planning

14

Organising

Staffing

20

Directing

Controlling

Business Finance and Marketing

Part B

Business Finance and Marketing

Financial Management

15

Financial Markets

Marketing Management

15

Consumer Protection

Part C

Project Work

20

Units

Marks

Part A: Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies

Accounting for Partnership Firms

36

Accounting for Companies

24

Part B: Financial Statement Analysis

Analysis of Financial Statements

12

Cash Flow Statement

8

Project Work

20

No.

Units

Marks

I.

Relations and Functions

8

II.

Algebra

10

III.

Calculus

35

IV.

Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

14

V.

Linear Programming

5

VI.

Probability

8

Total

80

Internal Assessment

20

Unit-name

Chapters and Topics

Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates

What is Macroeconomics? Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income - Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.
Aggregates related to National Income: Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP.
GDP and Welfare

Unit 2: Money and Banking

Money – meaning and functions, supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks.
Money creation by the commercial banking system.
Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.

Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment

Aggregate demand and its components.
Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal).
Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism.
Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.
Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them - changes in government spending, taxes, and money supply.

Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy

Government budget - meaning, objectives and components.
Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; Classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.
Balanced, Surplus and Deficit Budget – measures of government deficit.

Unit 5: Balance of Payments

Balance of payments account - meaning and components; Balance of payments – Surplus and Deficit Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating. Determination of exchange rate in a free market, Merits and demerits of flexible and fixed exchange rate. Managed Floating exchange rate system

Unit name

Chapters and Topics

Unit 6 - Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991

A brief introduction of the state of the Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans.
Main features, problems, and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance), and foreign trade.
Economic Reforms since 1991: Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalization and privatisation (LPG policy); Concepts of demonetization and GST

Unit 7 - Current challenges facing Indian Economy

Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India.
Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - the role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification; alternative farming - organic farming.
Employment: Growth and changes in workforce participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies.
Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming.

Unit 8: Development Experience in India

A comparison with neighbours India and Pakistan, India and China.
Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development Indicators.