Karnataka PUC Syllabus 2022-23 for All Subjects - Download Reduced Karnataka 2nd PUC Syllabus Pdf Here

Chapters

Topics

The Living World

Diversity in the living world, Binomial nomenclature, taxonomic categories

Taxonomic aids

Biological Classification

Characteristics of two-kingdom and five kingdom classification, Salient features of Kingdom Monera, Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Salient features of Kingdom Protista with examples, Kingdom Fungi,

Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Animalia, Viruses, Viroids, Lichens

Plant Kingdom

Classification of Angiosperms,

Algae, Uses of Algae

Classification of Algae

Bryophytes, Liverworts & Mosses

Pteridophytes, characters & classification

Gymnosperms, characters & classification

Angiosperms, characters, the life cycle of an Angiosperm, Plant life cycles

Animal Kingdom

Basis of classification, non-chordate phyla, Characters and examples of Phylum Porifera, Phylum Coelenterata

Characters and examples of Phylum Ctenophora, Phylum

Platyhelminthes, Phylum Aschelminthes

Characters and examples of Phylum Annelida, Phylum Arthropoda

Class Cyclostomata, Class Chondrichthyes, Class Osteichthyes

Class Amphibia, Class Reptilia, Class Aves & Class Mammalia

Morphology of Flowering Plants

Stem - modifications, Leaf - venations, Types of leaves, Phyllotaxy

Modification of leaves, Inflorescence, Flower and parts of a flower

Fruit, Seed, Monocot & dicot seed structure, Family Fabaceae with

economic importance

Family Solanaceae, Family Liliaceae with economic importance

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Tissues - Meristematic tissues, Permanent tissues - Simple tissues (Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma)

Complex tissue - Xylem and Phloem, Tissue system, Epidermal tissue

Ground tissue and vascular tissue, Anatomy of dicot and monocot

roots, Anatomy of dicot and monocot stems

Anatomy of dicot and monocot leaves, Secondary growth in dicot stem and dicot root.

Structural Organisation in Animals

Animal tissues - Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue

Muscle tissue, Neural tissue, Organ and organ system

Earthworm - Morphology, Anatomy- alimentary canal

Cockroach - Morphology, Anatomy - Alimentary canal

Frog - Morphology, Anatomy - Digestive system, Vascular system

Frog anatomy - Excretory system, Neural control system, Sense

organs, Male and female reproductive systems

Cell-the unit of life

Cell envelop and its modifications, Ribosomes and Inclusion bodies

Eukaryotic cells, Ultra-structure of plant and animal cells, Comparison

Endomembrane system - Structure and functions of Endoplasmic

reticulum and Golgi apparatus

Endomembrane system - Structure and functions of Lysosomes and

Vacuoles, Structure and functions of Mitochondria, Plastids

Structure and function of Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton, Cilia and Flagella

Biomolecules

How to analyse the chemical compound? Chemical and physical properties of amino acids

Lipids - classification and examples, Heterocyclic carbon compounds, Structures

Primary and secondary metabolites, Biomacromolecules, Proteins,

Importance

Polysaccharides - examples, Nucleic acids, Structure of proteins,

Nature of bond linking in a polymer

Factors affecting enzyme activity, Classification and nomenclature of

enzymes, Cofactors

Cell cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle - Phases, Interphase

M phase, Mitosis and its phases, Cytokinesis, Significance of Mitosis

Meiosis I, Meiosis II, Significance of meiosis

Transport in Plants

Means of transport - Diffusion - Facilitated diffusion, Passive symport, antiport and uniport transports

Active transport, Comparison of different transport processes, Plant

water relation - Water potential, Components of water potential

Osmosis, Demonstration of osmosis, Plasmolysis, Imbibition

Water movement up a plant, Root pressure, Transpiration pull,

Transpiration

Translocation of mineral ion, Phloem transport, Pressure flow

hypothesis

Mineral nutrition

Role of macronutrients and micronutrients - N, P, K, Ca, Mg

The nitrogen cycle, Biological nitrogen fixation

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Splitting of water, Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation,

Chemiosmotic hypothesis

Factors affecting photosynthesis

Respiration in Plants

Fermentation, Aerobic respiration, TCA cycle

Electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation

Amphibolic pathway, Respiratory quotient

Plant Growth and Development

Growth rates, Arithmetic growth and Geometric growth, Conditions for growth

Discovery of plant growth regulators, Physiological effects of PGRs -

Auxins

Physiological effects of PGRs - Ethylene, ABA (Abscisic acid)

Digestion and Absorption

T.S. of the gut, Section of small intestinal mucosa showing villi, Digestive

glands

Digestion of food - Digestion in buccal cavity, stomach and intestine

Functions of the large intestine, Absorption of digested products,

Disorders of the digestive system

Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Definition of breathing, Respiratory organs, Human respiratory system

Transport of gases, transport of oxygen, Transport of carbon dioxide,

Regulation of respiration, Disorders of the respiratory system

Body Fluids and Circulation

Difference between blood and lymph, Blood - A special connective tissue, Plasma and its contents, Formed elements

Circulatory pathways - Open and closed circulatory systems, Human

circulatory system, Conduction of heartbeat

Cardiac cycle, ECG, Double circulation

Excretory Products and Their Elimination

Structure of Nephron

Urine formation, Function of tubules

Locomotion and Movement

Structure of a contractile protein (Actin and Myosin)

Mechanism of muscle contraction

Neural Control and Coordination

Generation and conduction of nerve impulse, Transmission of impulses

Reflex action, Sensory reception and processing

Chemical Coordination and Integration

The Penial gland and its hormones, Thyroid gland and its hormones

Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal tract, Mechanism of

hormone action

Testis and Ovary as endocrine glands and their hormones

Chapters

Topics

Introductory Microeconomics

A Simple economy

Central problems of an economy

The organisation of economic activities

The centrally planned economy

The market economy

Positive and Normative Economics

Micro and Macro Economics

Plan of the Book.

Preliminary Notations and Assumptions

The Consumer's Budget

Budget set

Price ratio and the slope of the Budget line and points below the Budget line

Changes in the Budget line

Preferences of the Consumer

Monotonic preferences

Substitution between goods

Diminishing rate of Substitution

Indifference Curve

The shape of the Indifference Curve

Indifference Map

Utility

Optimal Choice of the Consumer

Demand curve and the Law of Demand

Normal and Inferior goods

Substitution and Complements

Shifts in the Demand curve movements along the Demand Curve and Shifts in the Demand Curve

Market Demand

Elasticity along a Linear Demand Curve

Factors Determining Price Elasticity of Demand for a Good

Production and Costs

TP, AP, and MP

The Law of Diminishing Marginal Product And The Law of Variable Proportions

Returns To Scale

Costs

Long-Run Costs

The Theory of the Firm under Perfect Competition

Perfect Competition

Revenue

Profit Maximisation

Supply Curve of a Firm

The Shut-down Point

The normal Profit and Break-even Point

Determinants of a Firm's Supply Curve

Technological Progress

Input Prices

Unit Tax

Market Supply Curve

Market Equilibrium

Equilibrium, Excess Demand, Excess Supply

Wage Determination in Labour Market

Shifts in Demand and Supply

Market Equilibrium: Free Entry and Exi

Non-competitive Markets

Simple Monopoly in The Commodity Market

Market Demand Curve is the Average Revenue Curve

Other Non-perfectly Competitive Markets

Macroeconomics

Emergence of Macroeconomics

National Income Accounting

Some Basic Concepts of Macro Economics

Circular Flow of Income And Methods of Calculating National Income

Income Method

Goods and Prices

GDP and Welfare

Money and Banking

Functions of Money

Demand for Money

The Supply of Money

Income Determination

Ex Ante And Ex post

Movement Along with a Curve Versus Shift of a Curve

The short Run Fixed Price Analysis of the Product Market

Government Budget and the Economy

Components of the Government Budget

Fiscal Policy

Open-Economy Macroeconomics

The Balance of Payments

The Foreign Exchange Market

The Determination of Income in An Open Economy

Trade Deficits, Saving and Investments