NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 Reproductive Health

Reproductive Health is an important topic under the 12th syllabus, which deals with the health and normal functioning of the reproductive organs. This chapter talks about important topics such as family planning, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), infertility, and birth control measures. NCERT Solutions of this chapter bring in-depth details and explanations about the subject that make it easy for students to understand the same.

Browse: NEET papers with solutions | Most scoring concepts for NEET

Recommended: NEET 2024 syllabus | NEET preparation along with 12th exam

This Story also Contains

1. Reproductive Health in Organisms Class 12 NCERT Solutions - PDF Download
2. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 (Solved Exercise)
3. Overview of Reproductive Health in Organisms NCERT Solutions Class 12
4. Important Topics Of NCERT Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health:
5. Important diagrams in Class 12 Biology Chapter 3
6. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology: Chapter wise
7. Practice Questions for Reproductive Health

In this article, we shall study the important subject matter addressed in NCERT Solutions for Class 12 and explain how the subjects are significant to overall well-being as well as society. Understanding these concepts is essential for students who are sitting for exams such as the CBSE board exam and competitive exams such as NEET.

Reproductive Health in Organisms Class 12 NCERT Solutions - PDF Download

To read offline, download the PDF for this chapter:

Download PDF

• NCERT Notes for Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 Reproductive Health
• NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 Reproductive Health

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 (Solved Exercise)

The detailed answers are given below:

Q1. What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?

Answer:

Reproductive health provides the overall physical, emotional, social, and behavioural well-being of an individual in all phases of reproduction. Its importance comprises:

• Decreasing the likelihood of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as AIDS, hepatitis, and gonorrhoea by creating awareness about their prevention and transmission.

• Fostering information about family planning and birth control assists in population control and enhances societal well-being.

Q2. Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.

Answer:

The following reproductive health areas need extra focus:

• Making sure that the right information regarding reproductive organs, STDs, AIDS, and safe sex is available.

• Informing individuals about means of birth control, prenatal checkups for pregnant women, and postnatal care for mother and infant.

Q3. Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?

Answer:

Yes, school sex education is necessary because:

• Teenagers need to study reproductive organs, the changes which come with puberty, safe sexual activities, and STDs during adolescence.

• It enhances awareness concerning methods of birth control and inculcates an understanding of healthful reproduction.

• Educating school students means there will be an educated and more reproductively healthy community.

Q4. Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.

Answer:

Yes, reproductive health has also improved a lot in the last 50 years because of several initiatives:

• Family planning schemes were initiated as early as 1951.

• Reproductive health awareness campaigns are carried out through media and NGOs.

• Maternal and infant mortality rates have come down dramatically.

• Female foeticide has been curbed by prohibiting amniocentesis for sex determination.

• Mass immunization drives for infants and children have been undertaken.

Q5. What are the suggested reasons for the population explosion?

Answer:

The reasons for population growth are:

• Substantial reduction of death rates, maternal death rate, and child death rate.

• Increase in population in the childbearing age.

• Better medical infrastructure increases life spans.

• Illiteracy leads to unawareness regarding birth control mechanisms.

Q6. Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.

Answer:

Yes, the use of contraceptives is justified because:

• The increasing population can result in shortages of basic resources such as food, shelter, and healthcare.

• Contraceptives effectively and safely control population growth without side effects when used properly.

• Contraceptive methods are simple to use, inexpensive, and readily available.

Q7. Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?

Answer:

Gonad removal is not a contraceptive because:

• It causes permanent sterility by totally stopping gamete production.

• It also ceases the production of hormones required for the proper functioning of accessory reproductive organs.

Q8. Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.

Answer:

Yes, amniocentesis for sex determination should be banned because:

• The procedure was being used to detect the sex of the foetus resulting in female foeticide.

• The ban reduces gender-based abortions and supports gender equality.

Q9. Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.

Answer:

Infertile couples may be treated by various assisted reproductive technologies (ART), which include:

• IVF (In-vitro Fertilization) followed by subsequent embryo transfer (ET), commonly known as the test-tube baby technique.

• GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer): In-vivo fertilized embryos are implanted in the fallopian tube of a recipient female.

• AI (Artificial Insemination): Used when there is an insufficient number of sperms; sperms are artificially introduced into the female's uterus or vagina.

• ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection): One sperm is injected into an ovum directly to form an embryo.

Q10. What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?

Answer:

To avoid sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), do the following:

• Practice the use of condoms during sex regularly and properly.

• Stay away from sexual activity with unfamiliar or multiple sex partners.

• Practice good sexual hygiene and see a doctor in case of symptoms.

Q11. State True/False with an explanation

(a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too. (True/False)

Answer:

(a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too.

True, abortion which is medical termination of pregnancy can happen spontaneously too.

Q11. (b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)

Answer:

(b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner.

False. Male partners could also be responsible for infertility.

11. (c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. (True/False)

Answer:

(c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception.

True. During complete lactation, no ovulation takes place so no menstrual cycle and no chances of fertilization.

Q11. (d) Creating awareness about sex-related aspects is an effective method to improve the reproductive health of people. (True/False)

Answer:

(d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve the reproductive health of the people.

True. Creating awareness about sex-related aspects is an effective method to improve the reproductive health of people.

Q12. Correct the following statements :

(a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation

Answer:

Surgical methods of contraception do not prevent gamete formation. They act as a contraceptive by not allowing the transfer of gametes, thus preventing unwanted pregnancies.

(b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.

Answer:

Some sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable if detected earlier. Aids is a sexually transmitted disease which is still incurable.

(c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among rural women.

Answer:

Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among urban women.

(d) In ET techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.

Answer:

In the ET technique, an embryo of 8 cell stage or lesser is transferred to the fallopian tube while that of more than 8 blastomere stage is transferred to the uterus.

Also read the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Other Subjects

• NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Maths

• NCERT syllabus for class 12 Chemistry

• NCERT syllabus for class 12 Physics

• NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 English

Overview of Reproductive Health in Organisms NCERT Solutions Class 12

Reproductive Health is not only physical reproductive status but also behavioral, social, and emotional health. It is important that individuals are knowledgeable about different birth control techniques, the dangers of STDs, and the effects of infertility. These are described in detail in the NCERT Solutions so that students have a proper background for further study and practical implementations.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12: Subjectwise

Important Topics Of NCERT Class 12 Biology Reproductive Health:

Some important topics to study from Chapter 3:

Important diagrams in Class 12 Biology Chapter 3

Here are some important diagrams from Reproductive Health:

• Male Reproductive System

This diagram shows the anatomy of the male reproductive system, including the testes, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles.

• Female Reproductive System

This diagram shows the female reproductive organs, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina.

• Menstrual Cycle Phases

This diagram outlines the various phases of the menstrual cycle, including menstruation, follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase.

• Vasectomy Procedure

This diagram shows the surgical procedure of vasectomy, a method of male sterilization.

• Tubectomy Procedure

This diagram shows tubectomy, a surgical procedure for female sterilization.

• Intrauterine Device (IUD)

This diagram represents the structure and placement of an intrauterine device used for contraception.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology: Chapter wise

Practice Questions for Reproductive Health

Question: Diaphragms are contraceptive devices used by females. Choose the correct option from the statements given below:

i. They are introduced into the uterus.
ii. They are placed to cover the cervical region.
iii. They act as physical barriers to sperm entry.
iv. They act as spermicidal agents.

Options

1. i and ii

2. i and iii

3. ii and iii

4. iii & iv

Answer: Option 3

Solution: Diaphragms are categorized as barrier contraceptives for females. Their function is to obstruct pregnancy by being positioned in the vagina, where they cover the cervix. This placement prevents sperm from moving into the uterus. They serve as physical obstacles that hinder sperm from reaching the egg, thereby diminishing fertilization likelihood.

The inaccurate statements are as follows:

i. Insertion into the uterus is not correct. Diaphragms are vaginal devices that cover the cervix, not placed within the uterus itself.

iv. Diaphragms are not inherently spermicidal. Although they can be used with spermicides, which are chemicals that eliminate sperm, the diaphragms on their own are barriers, not agents of sperm destruction. The spermicide is an additional component applied to the diaphragm for enhanced contraceptive properties.

Hence, the correct answer is option 3) (ii) and (iii)

Question: Name one bacterial and one viral sexually transmitted disease (STD).

Answer: One bacterial and one viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) are mentioned below:

• Bacterial – Syphilis
• Viral – HIV/AIDS

Question: Which contraceptive is also used to protect against STDs?

Answer: Barrier method (e.g., condoms)

Question: Why is reproductive health important?

Answer: Reproductive health helps people enjoy responsible, fulfilling, and safe sex life and be able to reproduce without any restriction on when and how many times to do so. It encompasses knowledge, safe behaviour, and access to reproductive health care.

Question: What is amniocentesis and why is amniocentesis banned for sex determination in India?

Answer: Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic procedure to identify genetic disorders by studying amniotic fluid. Amniocentesis is prohibited for sex determination in India to eliminate female foeticide and uphold gender balance.

Question: Discuss the role played by contraceptive measures in attaining reproductive health.

Answer: Family planning is achieved through contraceptive methods by avoiding unwanted pregnancies and offspring. The methods include natural methods, barrier methods (condoms), intrauterine devices (IUDs), hormonal pills, and surgical methods (vasectomy, tubectomy). They are safe, reversible (except for surgical), and enable couples to space and plan pregnancies as desired. Contraceptives also help in limiting the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), particularly barrier methods.

Educating individuals regarding contraceptive methods encourages safe sexual practices. This not only helps in individual health but also aids in population control and improved societal development. Providing easy access to contraceptives is an integral component of reproductive health programs.

Question: Explain the causes, symptoms, and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs).

Answer: STIs are bacterial (e.g., syphilis, gonorrhoea), viral (e.g., HIV, Hepatitis B), or parasitic (e.g., trichomoniasis) infections caused by sexual contact. They produce a variety of symptoms such as itching, pain when urinating, sores, discharge in the genital areas, and fever. If left without treatment, STIs can result in complications including infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, and death in other serious cases like AIDS. They must be diagnosed early and treated to contain their spread.

Prevention also involves safe sex (condom use), regular medical check-ups, single sexual partners, and education through sex education. Public health actions contribute importantly to STI prevention and treatment by providing affordable testing and counselling.

Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:

• NCERT Books Class 12 Biology
• NCERT Syllabus Class 12 Biology
• NCERT Books Class 12
• NCERT Syllabus Class 12

So, learning with NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 has plenty of benefits. The solutions give a complete picture of reproductive health, an important point both for individual well-being as well as for national development. Also, reading the chapter with the solutions can help to a great scope in improving performance in CBSE board exams and serve as a strong basis for competitive entry exams such as NEET.