A follicle cell is a cell that surrounds and supports the developing egg (oocyte) in the ovary. These cells form the ovarian follicle and help in nourishing the egg and producing hormones like estrogen.
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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 (Human Reproduction) – Free PDF Download
The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Human Reproduction are one of the most important topics for CBSE board and NEET preparation. It helps students know how reproduction takes place. The Human Reproduction chapter explains the male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, the menstrual cycle (phases and events), and hormonal regulation. This article includes step-by-step NCERT answers PDF that improve conceptual clarity.
This Story also Contains
- NCERT Class 12 Human Reproduction PDF Download Solution
- Get Class 12 Biology Exercise Questions Chapter 2 Human Reproduction Solutions
- How to Solve Human Reproduction Class 12 Question Answer?
- Important Questions of NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 2
- What Students Learn from Human Reproduction NCERT Solutions
- Extra Topics Beyond NCERT for NEET - Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Human Reproduction
- NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology- Chapter-wise
These NCERT Class 12 Chapter 2 Human Reproduction solutions PDF provide simple and exam-oriented answers curated by the subject experts in a simple way. Processes like spermatogenesis and oogenesis, fertilisation and implantation, embryonic development, and parturition are explained along with the well-labelled diagrams. Students can also download the PDF following the latest NCERT curriculum.
NCERT Class 12 Human Reproduction PDF Download Solution
The NCERT Biology Class 12 chapter Human Reproduction solution PDF can be downloaded from the link below. Chapter 2 Human Reproduction question answer gives a clear understanding of how humans reproduce and the biological processes involved. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 provide simple, step-by-step explanations to help make learning easier and more effective.
Also Read,
- NCERT Notes for Class 12 Biology Human Reproduction
- NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Human Reproduction
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Download EBookGet Class 12 Biology Exercise Questions Chapter 2 Human Reproduction Solutions
Students can find the complete and well-explained solutions to Chapter Human Reproduction. Working through the Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Human Reproduction NCERT solution will help students step ahead in achieving better marks in the upcoming board examination and further competitive exams. Students can depend on these solutions completely as they include all the questions from the NCERT Books.
(a) Humans reproduce _____________ (asexually/sexually)
(b) Humans are _____________ (oviparous, viviparous, ovoviviparous)
(c) Fertilisation is _____________ in humans (external/internal)
(d) Male and female gametes are _____________ (diploid/haploid)
(e) Zygote is _____________ (diploid/haploid)
(f) The process of release of ovum from a mature follicle is called _____________
(g) Ovulation is induced by a hormone called _____________
(h) The fusion of male and female gametes is called _____________
(i) Fertilisation takes place in _____________
(j) Zygote divides to form _____________which is implanted in uterus.
(k) The structure which provides a vascular connection between the foetus and uterus is called _____________
Answer:
(a) Humans reproduce sexually
(b) Humans are viviparous
(c) Fertilisation is internal in humans
(d) Male and female gametes are haploid
(e) Zygote is diploid
(f) The process of release of an ovum from a mature follicle is called ovulation
(g) Ovulation is induced by a hormone called luteinizing hormone
(h) The fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilisation
(i) Fertilisation takes place in an ampulla of the oviduct (fallopian tube)
(j) The zygote divides to form a blastocyst, which is implanted in the uterus.
(k) The structure that provides a vascular connection between the foetus and the uterus is called the placenta
Q2. Draw a labeled diagram of the male reproductive system.
Answer:
The labelled diagram of the male reproductive system in the human reproduction class 12 is as follows:
Q4. Write two major functions of each of the testis and the ovary.
Answer:
Functions of the testis
- The testis produces spermatozoa, which are male gametes.
- In the testis, the male sex hormone testosterone is developed.
Functions of the ovary
- The ovary produces an ovum by the process of oogenesis.
- Graafian follicles in the ovary produce a female sex hormone called estrogen.
Q5. Describe the structure of a seminiferous tubule.
Answer:
Seminiferous tubules are highly coiled structures present in testicular lobules. The seminiferous tubules are lined by two types of cells, i.e., spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, from the inside. Spermatogonia are the male germ cells that form sperm through meiotic divisions followed by mitotic division, while Sertoli cells provide nutrition to the germ cells. The region outside the seminiferous tubules is called the interstitial space, and it contains small blood vessels and Leydig cells. The Leydig cells secrete androgens.
Q6. What is spermatogenesis? Briefly describe the process of spermatogenesis.
Answer:
Spermatogenesis is the process of the formation of spermatozoa from spermatogonia in the testes at the time of puberty. In this process, the spermatogonia present at the inner side of the seminiferous tubules multiply by mitotic division and increase in number. Each spermatogonium contains 46 chromosomes. Spermatogonia form spermatocyte that undergoes meiotic division to produce secondary spermatocytes having 23 chromosomes. The secondary spermatocytes undergo 2nd meiotic division to form spermatids. The spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa by a process called spermiogenesis. The sperm heads remain embedded in the Sertoli cells and are released from the seminiferous tubules by the process of spermiation
Q7. Name the hormones involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis.
Answer:
Spermatogenesis is initiated due to an increase in the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus. An increase in GnRH acts on the anterior pituitary and stimulates the secretion of two gonadotropins, LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone). Among these, LH acts on Leydig cells and stimulates them to secrete androgens, whereas FSH acts on Sertoli cells and stimulates the secretion of some factors that help in spermiogenesis.
Q8. Define spermiogenesis and spermiation.
Answer:
Spermiogenesis- The spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa by the process called spermiogenesis.
Spermiation- The release of sperm from the seminiferous tubules occurs through a process called spermiation.
Q10. What are the major components of seminal plasma?
Answer:
The major components of seminal plasma are mucous, fructose, calcium, ascorbic acid, certain enzymes, and some secretions of accessory glands.
Q11. What are the major functions of male accessory ducts and glands?
Answer:
Male accessory ducts include the vasa efferentia and epididymis. Vas deferens and rete testis. They transport and temporarily store spermatozoa. Male accessory glands include the seminal vesicle, bulbourethral gland, and prostate gland. These glands secrete fluids that lubricate the female reproductive system and sperm.
Q12. What is oogenesis? Give a brief account of oogenesis.
Answer:
The process of the formation of mature female gametes is called oogenesis. It starts during the embryonic development stage when millions of oogonia (gamete mother cells) are formed in each fetal ovary. The gamete mother cells start division and enter prophase I of meiotic division, and are temporarily arrested. At this stage, they are called primary oocytes. Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of granulosa cells, which is called the primary follicle. The primary follicle gets surrounded by more layers of granulosa cells called secondary follicles that transform into the tertiary follicle that contains a fluid-filled cavity called an antrum. The tertiary follicles further change into the mature follicle called the Graafian follicle, which ruptures to release secondary oocytes (ovum) from the ovary by the process of ovulation.
Q13. Draw a labelled diagram of a section through the ovary.
Answer:
A labelled diagram of a section through the ovary is as follows:
Q15. Name the functions of the following:
(a) Corpus luteum
Answer:
Corpus luteum-
It secretes progesterone. Progesterone is essential for the maintenance of the endometrium.
(b) Endometrium
Answer:
Endometrium- Implantation of the fertilized ovum and many events of pregnancy take place in the endometrium.
(c) Acrosome
Answer:
Acrosome- It is filled with enzymes that hydrolyse the egg membrane, thus helping the sperm in penetration of the ovum during fertilisation.
Q16. Identify True/False statements. Correct each false statement to make it true.
(a) Androgens are produced by Sertoli cells. (True/False)
Answer:
Androgens are produced by Sertoli cells. (False).
Androgens are produced by Leydig's cells.
(b) Spermatozoa get nutrition from Sertoli cells. (True/False)
Answer:
Spermatozoa get nutrition from Sertoli cells. (True)
(c) Leydig cells are found in the testis (True/False)
Answer:
Leydig cells are found in the ovary. (False)
Leydig cells are found in the seminiferous tubules of the testis
(e) Oogenesis takes place in the corpus luteum. (True/False)
Answer:
Oogenesis takes place in the corpus luteum. (False)
Oogenesis takes place in the ovary
(f) Menstrual cycle ceases during pregnancy
Answer:
The menstrual cycle ceases during pregnancy. (True)
Answer:
The presence or absence of a hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience. (True)
Q17. What is the menstrual cycle? Which hormones regulate the menstrual cycle?
Answer:
Menstrual cycle: The reproductive cycle in female primates is called the menstrual cycle. In a 28-day menstrual cycle, the menses take place on cycle days 3-5. The menstrual cycle consists of phases like the menstrual phase, the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase, and the luteal phase.
Menstrual phase-
1. The production of LH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is reduced.
2. The withdrawal of this hormone causes degeneration of the corpus luteum, and, therefore, progesterone production is reduced.
3. The production of oestrogen is also reduced in this phase.
4. The endometrium of the uterus breaks down & menstruation begins.
5. The cells of endometrium secretions, blood & unfertilised ovum constitute the menstrual flow.
Follicular phase-
1. This phase usually includes cycle days 6-13 or 14 in a 28-day cycle.
2. The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland stimulates the ovarian follicle to secrete estrogens.
3. Oestrogen stimulates the proliferation of the endometrium of the uterine wall.
4. The endometrium becomes thicker by rapid cell multiplication, and this is accompanied by an increase in uterine glands & blood vessels.
Ovulatory phase-
1. Both LH & FSH attain a peak level in the middle of the cycle (about the 14th day).
2. Oestrogen concentration in the blood increases.
3. Rapid secretion of LH induces the rupture of the Graafian follicle and thereby the release of the ovum. LH causes ovulation.
Luteal Phase-
1. Includes cycle days 15 to 28.
2. Corpus luteum secretes progesterone.
3. Endometrium thickens.
4. Uterine glands become secretory.
Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle.
1. FSH stimulates the ovarian follicles to produce oestrogens.
2. LH stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone.
3. The menstrual phase is caused by the increased production of oestrogens.
4. LH causes ovulation
5. The proliferative phase is caused by the increased production of oestrogens.
6. The secretory phase is caused by increased production of progesterone.
Q18. What is parturition? Which hormones are involved in the induction of parturition?
Answer:
The process of delivery of the foetus is called parturition. The Oxytocin hormone causes a strong contraction of the uterus. The contraction of the uterus becomes stronger and stronger through the stimulatory reflex between uterine contraction and oxytocin secretion. This leads to the expulsion of the baby from the uterus through the birth canal.
Answer:
The sex chromosome in a human female is XX, while in a male it is XY. Thus, female produces haploid gametes with all X chromosomes, but male produces two types of gametes with either X or Y. The sex of the child will be dependent on which sperm, whether the one with X chromosomes or the one with Y chromosomes, fertilises the ovum with an X chromosome. Therefore, the sex of the baby is determined by the father's chromosomes, not the mother's.
Answer:
One ovum is released by a human ovary in a month. Identical twins are developed from a single egg. Hence, only one egg would have been released when the mother gave birth to identical twins. If the twins are fraternal, then they must have been developed from two eggs.
Q21. How many eggs do you think were released by the ovary of a female dog that gave birth to 6 puppies?
Answer:
Dogs are polyovulatory animals, and they release more than one egg at a time. So, a female dog with 6 puppies in one generation releases 6 eggs.
NCERT Solutions for Class 12- Subject-wise
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How to Solve Human Reproduction Class 12 Question Answer?
The NCERT solution of class 12 biology forms the base of concepts required in board and competitive exams. To solve questions from Human Reproduction easily, follow these important points and understand the main concepts clearly.
Firstly, students need to understand the male and female reproductive systems' structure and function well.
Students can learn about the hormonal control of reproductive processes, such as puberty and the menstrual cycle, as given in the Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Human Reproduction question answer.
Focus should be placed on the phases of gametogenesis, such as spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
Learn the process of fertilisation, implantation, and embryonic development in order.
Practice well-labelled diagrams of male/female reproductive organs, and the development stages of the embryo, provided in the Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Human Reproduction Solutions.
Regular practice of previous year questions and NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology helps students understand the exam pattern better.
Important Questions of NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 2
Given below are some of the important questions from the chapter Human Reproduction that can help students strengthen their understanding and prepare well for exams. For more such questions and answers, students can refer to the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Human Reproduction to gain clarity on the concepts.
Question 1: Seminal plasma, the fluid part of semen, is contributed by.
i. Seminal vesicle
ii. Prostate gland
iii. Urethra
iv. Bulbourethral gland
Options
i and ii
i, ii, and iv
ii, iii, and iv
i and iv
Answer: The correct answer is option (2) (i), (ii), and (iv).
Explanation:
The urethra does not contribute to seminal plasma. The urethra has no contribution to seminal plasma, as it primarily serves as a passage for urine and semen. Seminal plasma is produced by accessory glands like the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. These glands secrete fluids that provide nutrients, lubrication, and protection to sperm. The urethra simply acts as a conduit for semen during ejaculation. Despite its role in sperm transport, it does not add any secretions to the seminal fluid.
Question 2: Spermiation is the process of the release of sperm from:
Options
Seminiferous tubules
Vas deferens
Epididymis
Prostate gland
Answer: The correct answer is option (1) Seminiferous tubules
Explanation:
The process by which mature sperm cells exit the seminiferous tubules and enter the testes' lumen is known as spermiation. The development of sperm cells or spermatogenesis comes before this process.
The Sertoli cells, which nurture and feed the growing sperm, release the sperm cells during spermiation. After undergoing additional maturation and storage in the epididymis, the mature sperm are released during reproduction.
Question 3: Spot the odd one out from the following structures concerning the male reproductive system:
Options
Rete testis
Epididymis
Vasa efferentia
Isthmus
Answer: The correct answer is option (4) Isthmus
Explanation:
Being a component of the female reproductive system, the isthmus is the odd one out. This is the thin segment of the fallopian tube that joins the uterus.
The vas deferens, which transports sperm, the epididymis, which matures sperm, the seminiferous tubules, which produce sperm, and glands like the prostate and seminal vesicles are all parts of the male reproductive system. The isthmus does not fall within this category because it is absent in men.
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What Students Learn from Human Reproduction NCERT Solutions
Students studying through these solutions will know about the male and female reproductive systems' functions. Other important things that they learn are given below:
Learners will understand the detailed structure and function of the primary and secondary sex organs of males and females.
Students will explore the hormonal control of male and female reproductive systems using the Human Reproduction NCERT Solutions.
Learners will gain knowledge on processes like fertilisation, implantation, gastrulation, and embryonic development, which are important for the NEET exam as well.
Students will understand disorders of human reproduction, menstrual cycle abnormalities, parturition, and lactation, as given in the NCERT Class 12 question answer.
Extra Topics Beyond NCERT for NEET - Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Human Reproduction
Below is a table highlighting the concepts from the Human Reproduction chapter that students should focus on, including biology topics common to NCERT and NEET preparation. By referring to these NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 Human Reproduction, students can make these topics clear without any confusion.
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology- Chapter-wise
Here is a chapter-wise table with direct links to NCERT solutions for easy and quick access. Students can use these solutions to score well on their exams.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Are NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 important for board exams?
A:
Yes, most Biology Class 12 board exam questions are directly based on NCERT Chapter 2, making these solutions essential for scoring high marks.
Q: How do NCERT Biology Chapter 2 solutions help in NEET preparation?
A:
They provide concise explanations and solved examples that match NEET exam patterns, especially for reproductive biology topics.
Q: Can I download NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 in PDF format?
A:
Yes, students can access free PDF downloads of NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 2 solutions for offline study and revision.
Q: What is a follicle cell?
A:
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