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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10: The chapter provides an in-depth understanding of the role of microbes in various aspects of human life, including medicine, industry and environmental sustainability. The MCQs help students understand the applications of microorganisms in everyday life. The question and answers test the concept, knowledge and application-based questions, ensuring thorough preparation of the chapter. The NCERT exemplar solutions provide a variety of objective-type questions and their answers to test the application of concepts in real-life scenarios.
Studying the MCQs regularly enhances analytical thinking and accuracy exams by consistently working through these resources. Students can ensure a strong understanding of Microbes in Human welfare, and improve their overall biology scores. These exemplar solutions give an extra edge to the students while attempting the problems given in the NCERT Class 12 Biology Book.
The solved exemplar solutions are given below-
Question:1
The vitamin whose content increases following the conversion of milk into curd by lactic acid bacteria is
a. vitamin C
b. vitamin D
c. vitamin B12
d. vitamin E
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) vitamin B12Question:2
Wastewater treatment generates a large quantity of sludge, which can be treated by:
a. anaerobic digesters
b. floc
c. chemicals
d. oxidation pond
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) anaerobic digestersQuestion:3
Methanogenic bacteria are not found in:
a. rumen of cattle
b. gobar gas plant
c. bottom of water-logged paddy fields
d. activated sludge
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) activated sludge.Question:4
Match the following list of bacteria and their commercially important products:
Bacterium A. Aspergillus niger B. Acetobacter acetic C. Clostridium bretylium D. Lactobacillus | Product i. Lactic acid ii. Butyric acid iii. Acetic acid iv. Citric acid |
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) (i) (d), (ii) (c), (iii) (b), (iv) (a)Question:5
Match the following list of bioactive substances and their roles:
Bioactive Substance A. Statin B. Cyclosporin A C. Streptokinase D. Lipase | Role i. Removal of oil stains ii. Removal of clots from blood vessels iii. Lowering of blood cholesterol iv. Immuno-suppressive agent |
Answer:
The answer is option (d) i.e. (i) (c), (ii) (d), (iii) (b), (iv) (a)Question:6
The primary treatment of wastewater involves the removal of:
a. dissolved impurities
b. stable particles
c. toxic substances
d. harmful bacteria
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) stable particlesQuestion:7
BOD of wastewater is estimated by measuring the amount of:
a. total organic matter
b. biodegradable organic matter
c. oxygen evolution
d. oxygen consumption
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) oxygen consumption.Question:8
Which one of the following alcoholic drinks is produced without distillation?
a. Wine
b. Whisky
c. Rum
d. Brandy
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) WineQuestion:9
The technology of biogas production from cow dung was developed in India largely due to the efforts of:
a. Gas Authority of India
b. Oil and Natural Gas Commission
c. Indian Agricultural Research Institute and Khadi & Village Industries Commission
d. Indian Oil Corporation
Answer:
The answer is option (c) Indian Agricultural Research Institute and Khadi & Village Industries Commission.Question:10
The free-living fungus Trichoderma can be used for:
a. killing insects
b. biological control of plant diseases
c. controlling butterfly caterpillars
d. producing antibiotics
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) biological control of plant diseasesQuestion:11
What would happen if oxygen availability to activated sludge flocs is reduced?
a. It will slow down the rate of degradation of organic matter
b. The centre of flocs will become anoxic, which would cause the death of bacteria and eventually the breakage of flocs.
c. Flocs would increase in size as anaerobic bacteria would grow around flocs.
d. Protozoa would grow in large numbers
Answer:
The answer is option (b) The centre of flocs will become anoxic, which would cause the death of bacteria and eventually breakage of flocs.Question:12
Mycorrhiza does not help the host plant in:
a. Enhancing its phosphorus uptake capacity
b. Increasing its tolerance to drought
c. Enhancing its resistance to root pathogens
d. Increasing its resistance to insects
Answer:
The answer is option (d) Increasing its resistance to insects.Question:13
Which one of the following is not a nitrogen-fixing organism?
a. Anabaena
b. Nostoc
c. Azotobacter
d. Pseudomonas
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) PseudomonasQuestion:14
Big holes in Swiss cheese are made by a:
a. a machine
b. a bacterium that produces methane gas
c. a bacterium producing a large amount of carbon dioxide
d. a fungus that releases a lot of gases during its metabolic activities
Answer:
The answer is option (c) a bacterium producing a large amount of carbon dioxideQuestion:15
The residue left after methane production from cattle dung is:
b. buried in landfills
c. used as manure
d. used in civil construction
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) used as manureQuestion:16
Methanogens do not produce:
a. oxygen
b. methane
c. hydrogen sulfide
d. carbon dioxide
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) oxygenQuestion:17
Activated sludge should have the ability to settle quickly so that it can:
a. be rapidly pumped back from the sedimentation tank to the aeration tank
b. absorb pathogenic bacteria present in wastewater while sinking to the bottom of the settling tank
c. be discarded and anaerobically digested
d. absorb colloidal organic matter
Answer:
The answer is option (c) be discarded and anaerobically digestedQuestion:1
Why does ‘Swiss cheese’ have big holes?
Answer:
A bacterium called Propionibacterium sharmanii produces a large amount of carbon dioxide during fermentation. This is the reason for the big holes in Swiss cheese.Question:2
Answer:
Exceptionally large vessels, which are used for industrial-scale fermentation, are called fermenters.Question:3
Name a microbe used for statin production. How do statins lower blood cholesterol levels?
Answer:
The yeast Monascus purpureus is used for the commercial production of stains. Stain competitively inhibits the enzyme responsible for cholesterol formation and thus helps in lowering the blood cholesterol level.Question:4
Why do we prefer to call secondary wastewater treatment a biological treatment?
Answer:
Secondary treatment of wastewater involves action by microbes. Due to this, secondary treatment is called biological treatment.Question:5
What Nucleopolyhydro viruses are being used nowadays?
Answer:
Nucleopolyhydro viruses are used for controlling pests and other arthropods in farms. These are narrow-spectrum viruses and do not harm plants, cattle humans or even non-target insects.Question:6
How has the discovery of antibiotics helped mankind in the field of medicine?
Answer:
Antibiotics have created a revolution in the treatment of diseases.Question:7
Why is distillation required for producing certain alcoholic drinks?
Answer:
Distillation is done to remove most of the water and impurities from certain alcoholic drinks.Question:8
Answer:
All of them produce organic acids. Aspergillus niger produces citric acid, Clostridium butylicum produces butyric acid, and Lactobacillus produces lactic acid.Question:9
Answer:
The microbial flora in the rumen of cattle facilitates the digestion of cellulose. If such microbial flora is present in our intestines, then humans will also be able to digest cellulose.Question:10
Give any two microbes that are useful in biotechnology.
Answer:
Streptococcus, Bacillus thuringiensisQuestion:12
Name any genetically modified crop.
Answer:
BT cotton is a GM crop and contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis which helps in killing pests.
Question:13
Why are blue-green algae not popular as biofertilisers?
Answer:
Blue-green algae can proliferate in water and can carry out nitrogen fixation. However, paddy is the only crop which grows in stagnant water. Most of the other crops do not need stagnant water to grow. This is the main reason for the low popularity of blue-green algae as biofertiliser.Question:15
Name the states involved in the Ganga action plan.
Answer:
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West BengalQuestion:19
What is the group of bacteria found in both the rumen of cattle and the stage of sewage treatment?
Answer:
MethanogenQuestion:20
Name a microbe used for the production of Swiss cheese.
Answer:
Propionibacterium sharmaniiQuestion:1
Why are flocs important in the biological treatment of wastewater?
Answer:
Flocs are masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh-like structures. Flocs digest most of the organic material from the sludge. Thus, floc helps in reducing the BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) of the effluent. This helps in the further treatment of sludge.Question:2
How has the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis helped us in controlling caterpillars of insect pests?
Answer:
Bacillus thuringiensis produces an endotoxin which when ingested and released in the gut of the larvae of insect pest disrupts its gut lining, and thus caterpillars are killed. By killing the caterpillars, it helps in pest control.Question:3
How do mycorrhizal fungi help the plants harbouring them?
Answer:
Mycorrhizal fungi absorb phosphorus from soil and pass it to the plant. These fungi also help the plant to develop resistance against root-borne pathogens and develop sustainability against salinity and drought.Question:4
Why are cyanobacteria considered useful in paddy fields?
Answer:
Cyanobacteria are important biofertilisers in paddy fields. They add organic matter to the soil and enhance soil fertility. Hence, they are considered useful in paddy fields.Question:5
How was Penicillin discovered?
Answer:
Penicillin was discovered accidentally. Alexander Fleming was working on Staphylococci when he observed that in one of the unwashed culture plates, bacteria did not grow around a mould. He could observe that it was because of a chemical released by the mould. He named it Penicillin after the mould Penicillium notatum.Question:6
Name the scientists who were credited for showing the role of Penicillin as an antibiotic.
Answer:
Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain and Howard Florey.Question:7
How do bioactive molecules of fungal origin help in restoring the good health of humans?
Answer:
Following are some bioactive molecules of fungal origin which help in restoring good health in humans:Question:8
Answer:
Lipase is used in detergent formulations because it helps in removing oily stains from laundry. Lipases are prepared from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Question:9
What is the chemical nature of biogas? Name an organism which is involved in biogas production.
Answer:
Biogas is mainly composed of methane; other gases are CO2 and H2. It is highly inflammable and is used as fuel, especially in rural areas. Methanogen bacteria are involved in the production of biogas.Question:10
How do microbes reduce the environmental degradation caused by chemicals?
Answer:
Many harmful chemicals are produced as a byproduct of modern lifestyle. These chemicals are finally dumped in the soil and end up contaminating the soil. Soil contamination can be removed with the help of microbes.Question:11
What is a broad-spectrum antibiotic? Name one such antibiotic.
Answer:
An antibiotic which is effective against most of the common pathogenic bacteria is called a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Cefoperazone and Ceftazidime are examples of broad-spectrum antibiotics.Question:12
What are viruses parasitising bacteria called? Draw a well-labelled diagram of the same.
Answer:
Question:13
Which bacterium has been used as a clot-buster? What is its mode of action?
Answer:
Streptococcus is genetically modified to make streptokinase which is used as a clot buster. Streptokinase carries out thrombolysis which breaks the clot into smaller fragments, and thus, the clot is dissolved.Question:
What are biofertilisers? Give two examples.
Answer:
Organisms which enrich nutrients in the soil are called bio-fertilisers. Azotobacter and Rhizobium are examples of biofertilizers.Question:1
Answer:
Organic matter in wastewater consumes a lot of oxygen to carry on various biological processes. It results in a reduction of oxygen levels in the surrounding air and thus can increase air pollution. Consumption of oxygen by organic matter in wastewater is measured by BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand). A higher level of BOD indicates a higher polluting potential of wastewater. It is important to reduce the BOD so that pollution can be reduced. Hence, aerobic degradation is more important than anaerobic degradation for the treatment of large volumes of wastewater rich in organic matter.Question:2
(b) Ganga has recently been declared the national river. Discuss the implications with respect to the pollution of this river.
Answer:
(a) The Government has launched the Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan to reduce pollution levels in these rivers. Under the Ganga Action Plan, dredging and cleaning of the riverbed are being carried out. These activities are especially intensified at places where the river passes through a major urban centre. The current government has named the Ganga Action Plan Namami Gange.Question:4
Describe the main ideas behind the biological control of pests and diseases.
Answer:
Biological control of pests and diseases is based on the interdependency among various components of an ecosystem. This approach is also based on the acknowledgement of potential harm caused by chemical control of pests and diseases.Question:5
(a) What would happen if a large volume of untreated sewage is discharged into a river?
(b) In what way anaerobic sludge digestion is important in sewage treatments?
Answer:
(a) The following are the harmful effects of untreated sewage being discharged into a river:Question:6
Which type of food would have lactic acid bacteria? Discuss their useful application.
Answer:
Lactic acid bacteria are present in milk products which are prepared by fermentation. They are also found in pickled vegetables and wines. Following are some useful applications of lactic acid bacteria:Also, Read NCERT Solution subject-wise
The important topics of the Microbes in Welfare Chapter are given below-
The chapter-wise solutions for all chapters of Class 12 Biology are given below:-
Chapter 10 contains topics such as the diversity of microbes, bioactive molecules, microbes in agriculture, beverages, sewage treatment, medicine – antibiotics, vaccines, chemicals, enzymes, the role of microbes in different industries and households, and others. These microscopic organisms are an important aspect of our ecosystem, by learning about them the students will have a better awareness of our environment too.
The NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions chapter 10, describes the roles of microbes in the evolution of living beings on this earth. With these solutions, students will understand the world of fungi, bacteria, yeasts and many other tiny beings in detail.
Must Read NCERT Notes subject-wise
The NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions of Chapter 10 focuses on the diverse roles of microbes in everyday life, highlighting the significance and agriculture and environmental conservation. The questions and answers explain how microbes contribute to the production of antibiotics, enzymes and fermented foods. It also discusses the applications and biogas, production, waste, water treatment, and pest control. By referring to these important questions, students can focus on essential topics and improve the retention of the concepts. The exemplar solutions provide conceptual clarity and make the student ready for exams.
Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here
The students can study each section of the chapter completely and attempt the question bank given with the NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 10 pdf download, to study and grasp the answer format completely.
The topics included in the NCERT exemplar solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 are -
1. Microbes in Household Products
2. Microbes in Industrial Products
3. Microbes in Sewage Treatment
4. Microbes in the Production of Biogas
5. Microbes as Biocontrol Agents
6. Microbes as Biofertilizers
And other detailed explanations of related topics too are mentioned.
Yes, along with the textbooks the student can rely on NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 10, for any reference and guidance.
The course for Class 12 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 10 was designed by a group of professionals who have complete knowledge about what kind of questions are asked and how the answers have to be formed for the students to excel in their examinations.
Microbes contribute to human welfare through diverse applications, including food production, industrial processes, medicine, and environmental sustainability, encompassing areas like biogas production, sewage treatment, and the development of antibiotics and vaccines.
Microbes are vital in industrial production, used in processes like fermentation to create food, biofuels, enzymes, and pharmaceuticals, as well as in bioremediation and single-cell protein production.
Biofertilizers are substances containing living microorganisms that, when applied to soil or plants, promote plant growth by increasing nutrient availability and improving soil health, making agriculture more sustainable.
In sewage treatment, microbes, particularly bacteria, play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter, reducing pollution, and producing biogas, as outlined in NCERT Class 12 Biology.
According to the NCERT Exemplar, certain microbes, like bacteria and fungi, produce antibiotics as secondary metabolites, which are chemical substances that can inhibit or kill other harmful microorganisms.
In NCERT Class 12 Chapter 10, microbes, specifically anaerobic bacteria like methanogens, are used to produce biogas by breaking down organic matter (like cattle dung) under oxygen-free conditions, releasing a mixture of gases including methane.
Microbes play a crucial role in environmental management by facilitating bioremediation, biodegradation, nutrient cycling, and waste treatment, contributing to a healthier and more sustainable planet.
Changing from the CBSE board to the Odisha CHSE in Class 12 is generally difficult and often not ideal due to differences in syllabi and examination structures. Most boards, including Odisha CHSE , do not recommend switching in the final year of schooling. It is crucial to consult both CBSE and Odisha CHSE authorities for specific policies, but making such a change earlier is advisable to prevent academic complications.
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