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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare

Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Mar 29, 2025 03:07 PM IST | #CBSE Class 12th

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10: The chapter provides an in-depth understanding of the role of microbes in various aspects of human life, including medicine, industry and environmental sustainability. The MCQs help students understand the applications of microorganisms in everyday life. The question and answers test the concept, knowledge and application-based questions, ensuring thorough preparation of the chapter. The NCERT exemplar solutions provide a variety of objective-type questions and their answers to test the application of concepts in real-life scenarios.

This Story also Contains
  1. NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare
  2. NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare- Multiple Choice Questions:
  3. NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare- Very Short Answer Type Questions:
  4. NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare- Short Answer Type Questions:
  5. NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare- Long Answer type Questions:
  6. Important Topics and Subtopics Covered in NCERT Class 12 Biology- Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare
  7. NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Chapter Wise:
  8. NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions Subject Wise:
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare

Studying the MCQs regularly enhances analytical thinking and accuracy exams by consistently working through these resources. Students can ensure a strong understanding of Microbes in Human welfare, and improve their overall biology scores. These exemplar solutions give an extra edge to the students while attempting the problems given in the NCERT Class 12 Biology Book.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare

The solved exemplar solutions are given below-

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare- Multiple Choice Questions:

Question:1

The vitamin whose content increases following the conversion of milk into curd by lactic acid bacteria is
a. vitamin C
b. vitamin D
c. vitamin B12
d. vitamin E

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) vitamin B12

Question:2

Wastewater treatment generates a large quantity of sludge, which can be treated by:
a. anaerobic digesters
b. floc
c. chemicals
d. oxidation pond

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) anaerobic digesters
Explanation: Sludge needs to be subjected to biological treatment which is provided by anaerobic digesters.

Question:3

Methanogenic bacteria are not found in:
a. rumen of cattle
b. gobar gas plant
c. bottom of water-logged paddy fields
d. activated sludge

Answer:

The answer is the option (d) activated sludge.
Explanation: Activated sludge contains aerobic bacteria. It is sent to the digester where it is acted upon by methanogens.

Question:4

Match the following list of bacteria and their commercially important products:

Bacterium
A. Aspergillus niger
B. Acetobacter acetic
C. Clostridium bretylium
D. Lactobacillus
Product
i. Lactic acid
ii. Butyric acid
iii. Acetic acid
iv. Citric acid
Choose the correct match:
a. A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i
b. A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
c. A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
d. A-iv, B-i, C-iii, D-ii

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) (i) (d), (ii) (c), (iii) (b), (iv) (a)

Question:5

Match the following list of bioactive substances and their roles:

Bioactive Substance
A. Statin
B. Cyclosporin A
C. Streptokinase
D. Lipase
Role
i. Removal of oil stains
ii. Removal of clots from blood vessels
iii. Lowering of blood cholesterol
iv. Immuno-suppressive agent
Choose the correct match:
a. A-ii, B-iii, C-i, D-iv
b. A-iv, B-ii, C-i, D-iii
c. A-iv, B-i, C-ii, D-iii
d. A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i

Answer:

The answer is option (d) i.e. (i) (c), (ii) (d), (iii) (b), (iv) (a)
Explanation:

Question:6

The primary treatment of wastewater involves the removal of:
a. dissolved impurities
b. stable particles
c. toxic substances
d. harmful bacteria

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) stable particles
Explanation: Dissolved impurities, toxic substances and harmful bacteria are removed during later processes.

Question:7

BOD of wastewater is estimated by measuring the amount of:
a. total organic matter
b. biodegradable organic matter
c. oxygen evolution
d. oxygen consumption

Answer:

The answer is the option (d) oxygen consumption.
Explanation: BOD stands for biochemical oxygen demand and is thus related to oxygen consumption.

Question:8

Which one of the following alcoholic drinks is produced without distillation?
a. Wine
b. Whisky
c. Rum
d. Brandy

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) Wine

Question:9

The technology of biogas production from cow dung was developed in India largely due to the efforts of:
a. Gas Authority of India
b. Oil and Natural Gas Commission
c. Indian Agricultural Research Institute and Khadi & Village Industries Commission
d. Indian Oil Corporation

Answer:

The answer is option (c) Indian Agricultural Research Institute and Khadi & Village Industries Commission.

Question:10

The free-living fungus Trichoderma can be used for:
a. killing insects
b. biological control of plant diseases
c. controlling butterfly caterpillars
d. producing antibiotics

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) biological control of plant diseases

Question:11

What would happen if oxygen availability to activated sludge flocs is reduced?
a. It will slow down the rate of degradation of organic matter
b. The centre of flocs will become anoxic, which would cause the death of bacteria and eventually the breakage of flocs.
c. Flocs would increase in size as anaerobic bacteria would grow around flocs.
d. Protozoa would grow in large numbers

Answer:

The answer is option (b) The centre of flocs will become anoxic, which would cause the death of bacteria and eventually breakage of flocs.

Question:12

Mycorrhiza does not help the host plant in:
a. Enhancing its phosphorus uptake capacity
b. Increasing its tolerance to drought
c. Enhancing its resistance to root pathogens
d. Increasing its resistance to insects

Answer:

The answer is option (d) Increasing its resistance to insects.

Question:13

Which one of the following is not a nitrogen-fixing organism?
a. Anabaena
b. Nostoc
c. Azotobacter
d. Pseudomonas

Answer:

The answer is the option (d) Pseudomonas
Explanation: Most of the species of Pseudomonas are pathogens; causing diseases in plants and animals.

Question:14

Big holes in Swiss cheese are made by a:
a. a machine
b. a bacterium that produces methane gas
c. a bacterium producing a large amount of carbon dioxide
d. a fungus that releases a lot of gases during its metabolic activities

Answer:

The answer is option (c) a bacterium producing a large amount of carbon dioxide
Explanation: A bacterium called Propionibacterium sharmanii produces a large amount of carbon dioxide during fermentation. This is the reason for the big holes in Swiss cheese.

Question:15

The residue left after methane production from cattle dung is:
b. buried in landfills
c. used as manure
d. used in civil construction

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) used as manure

Question:16

Methanogens do not produce:
a. oxygen
b. methane
c. hydrogen sulfide
d. carbon dioxide

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) oxygen
Explanation: methanogens produce methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide.

Question:17

Activated sludge should have the ability to settle quickly so that it can:
a. be rapidly pumped back from the sedimentation tank to the aeration tank
b. absorb pathogenic bacteria present in wastewater while sinking to the bottom of the settling tank
c. be discarded and anaerobically digested
d. absorb colloidal organic matter

Answer:

The answer is option (c) be discarded and anaerobically digested

Question:18

Column I
A. Ladybird
B. Mycorrhiza
C. Biological control
D. Biogas
Column II
i. Methane bacterium
ii. Trichoderma
iii. Aphids
iv. Glomus

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) (i) (c), (ii) (d), (iii) (b), (iv) (a)

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare- Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

Why does ‘Swiss cheese’ have big holes?

Answer:

A bacterium called Propionibacterium sharmanii produces a large amount of carbon dioxide during fermentation. This is the reason for the big holes in Swiss cheese.

Question:2

What are fermentors?

Answer:

Exceptionally large vessels, which are used for industrial-scale fermentation, are called fermenters.

Question:3

Name a microbe used for statin production. How do statins lower blood cholesterol levels?

Answer:

The yeast Monascus purpureus is used for the commercial production of stains. Stain competitively inhibits the enzyme responsible for cholesterol formation and thus helps in lowering the blood cholesterol level.

Question:4

Why do we prefer to call secondary wastewater treatment a biological treatment?

Answer:

Secondary treatment of wastewater involves action by microbes. Due to this, secondary treatment is called biological treatment.

Question:5

What Nucleopolyhydro viruses are being used nowadays?

Answer:

Nucleopolyhydro viruses are used for controlling pests and other arthropods in farms. These are narrow-spectrum viruses and do not harm plants, cattle humans or even non-target insects.

Question:6

How has the discovery of antibiotics helped mankind in the field of medicine?

Answer:

Antibiotics have created a revolution in the treatment of diseases.
Many infectious diseases which were incurable earlier can now be treated with antibiotics. Antibiotics have helped in saving millions of lives.

Question:7

Why is distillation required for producing certain alcoholic drinks?

Answer:

Distillation is done to remove most of the water and impurities from certain alcoholic drinks.

Question:8

Write the most important characteristic that Aspergillus niger, Clostridium bretylium, and Lactobacillus share.

Answer:

All of them produce organic acids. Aspergillus niger produces citric acid, Clostridium butylicum produces butyric acid, and Lactobacillus produces lactic acid.

Question:9

What would happen if our intestine harbours microbial flora exactly similar to that found in the rumen of cattle?

Answer:

The microbial flora in the rumen of cattle facilitates the digestion of cellulose. If such microbial flora is present in our intestines, then humans will also be able to digest cellulose.

Question:10

Give any two microbes that are useful in biotechnology.

Answer:

Streptococcus, Bacillus thuringiensis

Question:12

Name any genetically modified crop.

Answer:

BT cotton is a GM crop and contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis which helps in killing pests.


Question:13

Why are blue-green algae not popular as biofertilisers?

Answer:

Blue-green algae can proliferate in water and can carry out nitrogen fixation. However, paddy is the only crop which grows in stagnant water. Most of the other crops do not need stagnant water to grow. This is the main reason for the low popularity of blue-green algae as biofertiliser.

Question:14

Which species of Penicillium produces Roquefort cheese?

Answer:

Penicillium roquefortine.

Question:15

Name the states involved in the Ganga action plan.

Answer:

Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal

Question:16

Name any two industrially important enzymes.

Answer:

Lipase and pectinase

Question:17

Name an immune immunosuppressive agent.

Answer:

Cyclosporin A

Question:18

Give an example of a rod-shaped virus.

Answer:

Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

Question:20

Name a microbe used for the production of Swiss cheese.

Answer:

Propionibacterium sharmanii

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare- Short Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

Why are flocs important in the biological treatment of wastewater?

Answer:

Flocs are masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh-like structures. Flocs digest most of the organic material from the sludge. Thus, floc helps in reducing the BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) of the effluent. This helps in the further treatment of sludge.

Question:2

How has the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis helped us in controlling caterpillars of insect pests?

Answer:

Bacillus thuringiensis produces an endotoxin which when ingested and released in the gut of the larvae of insect pest disrupts its gut lining, and thus caterpillars are killed. By killing the caterpillars, it helps in pest control.

Question:3

How do mycorrhizal fungi help the plants harbouring them?

Answer:

Mycorrhizal fungi absorb phosphorus from soil and pass it to the plant. These fungi also help the plant to develop resistance against root-borne pathogens and develop sustainability against salinity and drought.

Question:4

Why are cyanobacteria considered useful in paddy fields?

Answer:

Cyanobacteria are important biofertilisers in paddy fields. They add organic matter to the soil and enhance soil fertility. Hence, they are considered useful in paddy fields.

Question:5

How was Penicillin discovered?

Answer:

Penicillin was discovered accidentally. Alexander Fleming was working on Staphylococci when he observed that in one of the unwashed culture plates, bacteria did not grow around a mould. He could observe that it was because of a chemical released by the mould. He named it Penicillin after the mould Penicillium notatum.

Question:6

Name the scientists who were credited for showing the role of Penicillin as an antibiotic.

Answer:

Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain and Howard Florey.

Question:7

How do bioactive molecules of fungal origin help in restoring the good health of humans?

Answer:

Following are some bioactive molecules of fungal origin which help in restoring good health in humans:
Cyclosporin A is produced by Trichoderma polysporum and is used as an immunosuppressive agent. Penicillin is a major antibiotic which is produced from Penicillium notatum.

Question:8

What roles do enzymes play in detergents that we use for washing clothes? Are these enzymes produced from some unique microorganisms?

Answer:

Lipase is used in detergent formulations because it helps in removing oily stains from laundry. Lipases are prepared from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Question:9

What is the chemical nature of biogas? Name an organism which is involved in biogas production.

Answer:

Biogas is mainly composed of methane; other gases are CO2 and H2. It is highly inflammable and is used as fuel, especially in rural areas. Methanogen bacteria are involved in the production of biogas.

Question:10

How do microbes reduce the environmental degradation caused by chemicals?

Answer:

Many harmful chemicals are produced as a byproduct of modern lifestyle. These chemicals are finally dumped in the soil and end up contaminating the soil. Soil contamination can be removed with the help of microbes.
The removal of soil contamination with the help of microbes is called bioremediation. This is usually achieved by bio-augmentation of soil flora.

Question:11

What is a broad-spectrum antibiotic? Name one such antibiotic.

Answer:

An antibiotic which is effective against most of the common pathogenic bacteria is called a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Cefoperazone and Ceftazidime are examples of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Question:12

What are viruses parasitising bacteria called? Draw a well-labelled diagram of the same.

Answer:

Virus
A virus which attacks bacteria is called bacteriophage. The virus enters a bacterial cell and controls the genetic material of bacteria in order to produce more viruses.

Question:13

Which bacterium has been used as a clot-buster? What is its mode of action?

Answer:

Streptococcus is genetically modified to make streptokinase which is used as a clot buster. Streptokinase carries out thrombolysis which breaks the clot into smaller fragments, and thus, the clot is dissolved.

Question:

What are biofertilisers? Give two examples.

Answer:

Organisms which enrich nutrients in the soil are called bio-fertilisers. Azotobacter and Rhizobium are examples of biofertilizers.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare- Long Answer type Questions:

Question:1

Why is aerobic degradation more important than anaerobic degradation for the treatment of large volumes of wastewater rich in organic matter? Discuss.

Answer:

Organic matter in wastewater consumes a lot of oxygen to carry on various biological processes. It results in a reduction of oxygen levels in the surrounding air and thus can increase air pollution. Consumption of oxygen by organic matter in wastewater is measured by BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand). A higher level of BOD indicates a higher polluting potential of wastewater. It is important to reduce the BOD so that pollution can be reduced. Hence, aerobic degradation is more important than anaerobic degradation for the treatment of large volumes of wastewater rich in organic matter.
BOD level is reduced by aerobic degradation, which is carried out by floc. Flocs are associations of bacteria and fungi which form mesh-like structures. Flocs eat away most of the organic matter in wastewater and thus help in reducing BOD. The sludge is ready for anaerobic degradation once BOD is pulled down below a threshold level.

Question:2

(a) Discuss the major programs that the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, has initiated to save major Indian rivers from pollution.

(b) Ganga has recently been declared the national river. Discuss the implications with respect to the pollution of this river.

Answer:

(a) The Government has launched the Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan to reduce pollution levels in these rivers. Under the Ganga Action Plan, dredging and cleaning of the riverbed are being carried out. These activities are especially intensified at places where the river passes through a major urban centre. The current government has named the Ganga Action Plan Namami Gange.

(b) The Ganga is probably the most important river in India. It is important from a religious perspective as well as from an economic perspective. The Gangetic Plain is one of the most densely populated areas in the world and supports the livelihood of billions of people. A high level of pollution in this river will jeopardise the very existence of people who have lived in the Gangetic Plain for thousands of years. High levels of pollution will do irreparable damage to the ecosystem in our country.

Question:4

Describe the main ideas behind the biological control of pests and diseases.

Answer:

Biological control of pests and diseases is based on the interdependency among various components of an ecosystem. This approach is also based on the acknowledgement of potential harm caused by chemical control of pests and diseases.
Checks and Balances in the Ecosystem: In any given ecosystem; various organisms are dependent on each other and on abiotic factors. Pests are also part of the ecosystem. They turn problematic for farmers only when their population goes beyond a certain level. If the system of natural checks and balances can be understood, then it would be pretty easy for farmers to control the pests without harming useful insects.
Drawbacks of Chemical Control: Synthetic pesticides are highly effective in pest control, but their use leads to collateral damage. Many useful insects are killed in the process. This problem can be removed by using biological control.
Minimising Pollution: The use of pesticides has another drawback, i.e. creating soil pollution and groundwater pollution. If biological control is applied, then the chances of soil pollution and groundwater pollution can be minimised.

Question:5

(a) What would happen if a large volume of untreated sewage is discharged into a river?

(b) In what way anaerobic sludge digestion is important in sewage treatments?

Answer:

(a) The following are the harmful effects of untreated sewage being discharged into a river:
  1. It will contaminate water, making it unfit for drinking.
  2. It will alter the pH level of water, which can be detrimental to aquatic plants and animals.
  3. This will also pollute groundwater.
  4. Fish from contaminated water will become unfit for human consumption.

(b) Anaerobic sludge digestion is important from the following angles:
(i) It helps in the production of biogas which can be used as fuel. Biogas from sewage treatment plants is being used for electricity generation in many places in the world.
(ii) The slurry can be used as manure. This will help in improving soil fertility.
(iii) This also helps in reducing soil pollution and water pollution.

Question:6

Which type of food would have lactic acid bacteria? Discuss their useful application.

Answer:

Lactic acid bacteria are present in milk products which are prepared by fermentation. They are also found in pickled vegetables and wines. Following are some useful applications of lactic acid bacteria:
  1. They are used for making curd and cheese.
  2. They are used for making pickled vegetables. Kimchi is a popular South Korean dish, and it contains lactic acid.
  3. Lactic acid and bacteria are used to make probiotics. Probiotics are taken as supplements in order to restore the gut flora. Probiotics can help in getting rid of diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome, etc.
  4. Many types of bread are made with the help of lactic acid bacteria.

Also, Read NCERT Solution subject-wise

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Important Topics and Subtopics Covered in NCERT Class 12 Biology- Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare

The important topics of the Microbes in Welfare Chapter are given below-

  • Microbes In Household Products
  • Microbes In Industrial Products
  • Microbes In Sewage Treatment
  • Microbes In the Production Of Biogas
  • Microbes As Biocontrol Agents
  • Microbes As Biofertilizers
NEET Highest Scoring Chapters & Topics
Most Scoring concepts For NEET (Based On Previous Year Analysis)
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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Chapter Wise:

The chapter-wise solutions for all chapters of Class 12 Biology are given below:-


Chapter 10 contains topics such as the diversity of microbes, bioactive molecules, microbes in agriculture, beverages, sewage treatment, medicine – antibiotics, vaccines, chemicals, enzymes, the role of microbes in different industries and households, and others. These microscopic organisms are an important aspect of our ecosystem, by learning about them the students will have a better awareness of our environment too.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions Subject Wise:


The NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions chapter 10, describes the roles of microbes in the evolution of living beings on this earth. With these solutions, students will understand the world of fungi, bacteria, yeasts and many other tiny beings in detail.

Must Read NCERT Notes subject-wise

The NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions of Chapter 10 focuses on the diverse roles of microbes in everyday life, highlighting the significance and agriculture and environmental conservation. The questions and answers explain how microbes contribute to the production of antibiotics, enzymes and fermented foods. It also discusses the applications and biogas, production, waste, water treatment, and pest control. By referring to these important questions, students can focus on essential topics and improve the retention of the concepts. The exemplar solutions provide conceptual clarity and make the student ready for exams.

Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the best way to solve various questions in the Class 12 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 10?

The students can study each section of the chapter completely and attempt the question bank given with the NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 10 pdf download, to study and grasp the answer format completely.

2. What are the main points covered in the NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 10?

The topics included in the NCERT exemplar solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 are -

1. Microbes in Household Products

2. Microbes in Industrial Products

3. Microbes in Sewage Treatment

4. Microbes in the Production of Biogas

5. Microbes as Biocontrol Agents

6. Microbes as Biofertilizers

And other detailed explanations of related topics too are mentioned.

3. Is the NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology chapter 10 solutions enough for the students to clear the exams?

Yes, along with the textbooks the student can rely on NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 10, for any reference and guidance.

4. How was the course designed for NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology chapter 10 solutions?

The course for Class 12 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 10 was designed by a group of professionals who have complete knowledge about what kind of questions are asked and how the answers have to be formed for the students to excel in their examinations.

5. How do microbes contribute to human welfare in NCERT Exemplar solutions?

Microbes contribute to human welfare through diverse applications, including food production, industrial processes, medicine, and environmental sustainability, encompassing areas like biogas production, sewage treatment, and the development of antibiotics and vaccines.

6. How are microbes used in industrial production according to NCERT Exemplar?

Microbes are vital in industrial production, used in processes like fermentation to create food, biofuels, enzymes, and pharmaceuticals, as well as in bioremediation and single-cell protein production. 

7. What are biofertilizers and their role in agriculture as per Chapter 10?

Biofertilizers are substances containing living microorganisms that, when applied to soil or plants, promote plant growth by increasing nutrient availability and improving soil health, making agriculture more sustainable.

8. How do microbes help in sewage treatment as per NCERT Class 12 Biology?

In sewage treatment, microbes, particularly bacteria, play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter, reducing pollution, and producing biogas, as outlined in NCERT Class 12 Biology.

9. What is the role of microbes in antibiotics production as per NCERT Exemplar?

According to the NCERT Exemplar, certain microbes, like bacteria and fungi, produce antibiotics as secondary metabolites, which are chemical substances that can inhibit or kill other harmful microorganisms.

10. How are microbes used in biogas production in NCERT Class 12 Chapter 10?

In NCERT Class 12 Chapter 10, microbes, specifically anaerobic bacteria like methanogens, are used to produce biogas by breaking down organic matter (like cattle dung) under oxygen-free conditions, releasing a mixture of gases including methane.

11. What are the applications of microbes in environmental management?

Microbes play a crucial role in environmental management by facilitating bioremediation, biodegradation, nutrient cycling, and waste treatment, contributing to a healthier and more sustainable planet.

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A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

Option 2)

0.16\; J

Option 3)

1.00\; J

Option 4)

0.67\; J

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg

Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

Option 4)

12.89×10−3 kg

 

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1)

2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

Option 2)

200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

Option 3)

2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

Option 4)

20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

Option 2)

\; K\;

Option 3)

zero\;

Option 4)

K/4

In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

Option 2)

6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

Option 3)

33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

Option 4)

67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1)

0.02

Option 2)

3.125 × 10-2

Option 3)

1.25 × 10-2

Option 4)

2.5 × 10-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

Option 2)

increase two fold

Option 3)

remain unchanged

Option 4)

be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1)

Molality

Option 2)

Weight fraction of solute

Option 3)

Fraction of solute present in water

Option 4)

Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

Option 1)

twice that in 60 g carbon

Option 2)

6.023 × 1022

Option 3)

half that in 8 g He

Option 4)

558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

Option 2)

more than 3 but less than 6

Option 3)

more than 6 but less than 9

Option 4)

more than 9

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