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NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 10, is about Microbes in Human Welfare. NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology chapter 10 solutions will provide an in-depth study in the chapter along with a detailed question-answer section. These study materials have been prepared by professionals who have all-around knowledge about this subject. The students can refer to NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 10 pdf download anytime to learn and understand the concepts.
Also, read NCERT Class 12 Biology Solutions
Question:1
The vitamin whose content increases following the conversion of milk into curd by lactic acid bacteria is
a. vitamin C
b. vitamin D
c. vitamin B12
d. vitamin E
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) vitamin B12Question:2
Wastewater treatment generates a large quantity of sludge, which can be treated by:
a. anaerobic digesters
b. floc
c. chemicals
d. oxidation pond
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) anaerobic digestersQuestion:3
Methanogenic bacteria are not found in:
a. rumen of cattle
b. gobar gas plant
c. bottom of water-logged paddy fields
d. activated sludge
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) activated sludge.Question:4
Match the following list of bacteria and their commercially important products:
Bacterium A. Aspergillus niger B. Acetobacter acetic C. Clostridium bretylium D. Lactobacillus | Product i. Lactic acid ii. Butyric acid iii. Acetic acid iv. Citric acid |
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) (i) (d), (ii) (c), (iii) (b), (iv) (a)Question:5
Match the following list of bioactive substances and their roles:
Bioactive Substance A. Statin B. Cyclosporin A C. Streptokinase D. Lipase | Role i. Removal of oil stains ii. Removal of clots from blood vessels iii. Lowering of blood cholesterol iv. Immuno-suppressive agent |
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) i.e. (i) (c), (ii) (d), (iii) (b), (iv) (a)Question:6
The primary treatment of wastewater involves the removal of:
a. dissolved impurities
b. stable particles
c. toxic substances
d. harmful bacteria
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) stable particlesQuestion:7
BOD of wastewater is estimated by measuring the amount of:
a. total organic matter
b. biodegradable organic matter
c. oxygen evolution
d. oxygen consumption
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) oxygen consumption.Question:8
Which one of the following alcoholic drinks are produced without distillation?
a. Wine
b. Whisky
c. Rum
d. Brandy
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) WineQuestion:9
The technology of biogas production from cow dung was developed in India largely due to the efforts of:
a. Gas Authority of India
b. Oil and Natural Gas Commission
c. Indian Agricultural Research Institute and Khadi & Village Industries Commission
d. Indian Oil Corporation
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) Indian Agricultural Research Institute and Khadi & Village Industries Commission.Question:10
The free-living fungus Trichoderma can be used for:
a. killing insects
b. biological control of plant diseases
c. controlling butterfly caterpillars
d. producing antibiotics
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) biological control of plant diseasesQuestion:11
What would happen if oxygen availability to activated sludge flocs is reduced?
a. It will slow down the rate of degradation of organic matter
b. The centre of flocs will become anoxic, which would cause the death of bacteria and eventually breakage of flocs.
c. Flocs would increase in size as anaerobic bacteria would grow around flocs.
d. Protozoa would grow in large numbers
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) The center of flocs will become anoxic, which would cause death of bacteria and eventually breakage of flocs.Question:12
Mycorrhiza does not help the host plant in:
a. Enhancing its phosphorus uptake capacity
b. Increasing its tolerance to drought
c. Enhancing its resistance to root pathogens
d. Increasing its resistance to insects
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) Increasing its resistance to insects.Question:13
Which one of the following is not a nitrogen-fixing organism?
a. Anabaena
b. Nostoc
c. Azotobacter
d. Pseudomonas
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) PseudomonasQuestion:14
Big holes in Swiss cheese are made by a:
a. a machine
b. a bacterium that produces methane gas
c. a bacterium producing a large amount of carbon dioxide
d. a fungus that releases a lot of gases during its metabolic activities
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) a bacterium producing a large amount of carbon dioxideQuestion:15
The residue left after methane production from cattle dung is:
b. buried in landfills
c. used as manure
d. used in civil construction
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) used as manureQuestion:16
Methanogens do not produce:
a. oxygen
b. methane
c. hydrogen sulfide
d. carbon dioxide
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) oxygenQuestion:17
Activated sludge should have the ability to settle quickly so that it can:
a. be rapidly pumped back from sedimentation tank to aeration tank
b. absorb pathogenic bacteria present in wastewater while sinking to the bottom of the settling tank
c. be discarded and anaerobically digested
d. absorb colloidal organic matter
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) be discarded and anaerobically digestedQuestion:1
Why does ‘Swiss cheese’ have big holes?
Answer:
A bacterium called Propionibacterium sharmanii produces a large amount of carbon dioxide during fermentation. This is the reason for big holes in Swiss cheese.Question:2
Answer:
Exceptionally large vessels, which are used for industrial-scale fermentation, are called fermenters.Question:3
Name a microbe used for statin production. How do statins lower blood cholesterol level?
Answer:
The yeast Monascus purpureus is used for commercial production of stain. Stain competitively inhibits the enzyme responsible for cholesterol formation and thus helps in lowering the blood cholesterol level.Question:4
Why do we prefer to call secondary wastewater treatment as a biological treatment?
Answer:
Secondary treatment of wastewater involves action by microbes. Due to this, secondary treatment is called biological treatment.Question:5
What for Nucleopolyhydro viruses are being used nowadays?
Answer:
Nucleopolyhydro viruses are used for controlling pests and other arthropods in farms. These are narrow-spectrum viruses and do not harm plants, cattle and humans or even on non-target insects.Question:6
How has the discovery of antibiotics helped mankind in the field of medicine?
Answer:
Antibiotics have created a revolution in the treatment of diseases.Question:7
Why is distillation required for producing certain alcoholic drinks?
Answer:
Distillation is done to remove most of the water and impurities from certain alcoholic drinks.Question:8
Answer:
All of them produce organic acids. Aspergillus niger produces citric acid, Clostridium butylicum produces butyric acid, and Lactobacillus produces lactic acid.Question:9
Answer:
The microbial flora in the rumen of cattle facilitates digestion of cellulose. If such microbial flora is present in our intestine, then humans will also be able to digest cellulose.Question:10
Give any two microbes that are useful in biotechnology.
Answer:
Streptococcus, Bacillus thuringiensisQuestion:12
Name any genetically modified crop.
Answer:
BT cotton is a GM crop and contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis which helps in killing pests.
Question:13
Why are blue-green algae not popular as biofertilisers?
Answer:
Blue-green algae can proliferate in water and can carry out nitrogen fixation. However, paddy is the only crop which grows in stagnant water. Most of the other crops do not need stagnant water to grow. This is the main reason for the low popularity of blue-green algae as biofertiliser.Question:15
Name the states involved in the Ganga action plan.
Answer:
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West BengalQuestion:19
What is the group of bacteria found in both the rumen of cattle and stage of sewage treatment?
Answer:
MethanogenQuestion:20
Name a microbe used for the production of Swiss cheese.
Answer:
Propionibacterium sharmaniiQuestion:1
Why are flocs important in biological treatment of wastewater?
Answer:
Flocs are masses of bacteria associated with fungal filaments to form mesh-like structure. Flocs digest most of the organic material from the sludge. Thus, floc helps in reducing the BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) of the effluent. This helps in further treatment of sludge.Question:2
How has the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis helped us in controlling caterpillars of insect pests?
Answer:
Bacillus thuringiensis produces an endotoxin which when ingested and released in the gut of the larvae of insect pest disrupts its gut lining, and thus caterpillars are killed. By killing the caterpillars, it helps in pest control.Question:3
How do mycorrhizal fungi help the plants harbouring them?
Answer:
Mycorrhizal fungi absorb phosphorus from soil and pass it to the plant. These fungi also help the plant to develop resistance against root-borne pathogens and develop sustainability against salinity and drought.Question:4
Why are cyanobacteria considered useful in paddy fields?
Answer:
Cyanobacteria are important bio fertiliser in paddy fields. They add organic matter to the soil and enhance soil fertility. Hence, they are considered useful in paddy fields.Question:5
How was Penicillin discovered?
Answer:
Penicillin was discovered accidentally. Alexander Fleming was working on Staphylococci when he observed that in one of the unwashed culture plates, bacteria did not grow around a mould. He could observe that it was because of a chemical released by the mould. He named it Penicillin after the mould Penicillium notatum.Question:6
Name the scientists who were credited for showing the role of Penicillin as an antibiotic?
Answer:
Alexander Fleming, Ernst Chain and Howard Florey.Question:7
How do bioactive molecules of fungal origin help in restoring good health of humans?
Answer:
Following are some bioactive molecules of fungal origin which help in restoring good health in humans:Question:8
Answer:
Lipase is used in detergent formulations because it helps in removing oily stains from laundry. Lipases are prepared from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Question:9
What is the chemical nature of biogas? Name an organism which is involved in biogas production?
Answer:
Biogas is mainly composed of methane; other gases are CO2 and H2. It is highly inflammable and is used as fuel, especially in rural areas. Methanogen bacteria are involved in the production of biogas.Question:10
How do microbes reduce the environmental degradation caused by chemicals?
Answer:
Many harmful chemicals are produced as a byproduct of modern lifestyle. These chemicals are finally dumped in soil and end up contaminating the soil. Soil contamination can be removed with the help of microbes.Question:11
What is a broad-spectrum antibiotic? Name one such antibiotic.
Answer:
An antibiotic which is effective against most of the common pathogenic bacteria is called a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Cefoperazone and Ceftazidime are examples of broad-spectrum antibiotic.Question:12
What are viruses parasitising bacteria called? Draw a well-labelled diagram of the same.
Answer:
Question:13
Which bacterium has been used as a clot-buster? What is its mode of action?
Answer:
Streptococcus is genetically modified to make streptokinase which is used as clot buster. Streptokinase carries out thrombolysis which breaks the clot into smaller fragments, and thus clot is dissolved.Question:
What are bio fertilisers? Give two examples.
Answer:
Organisms which enrich nutrients in the soil are called bio-fertilisers. Azotobacter and Rhizobium are examples of biofertilisers.Question:1
Answer:
Organic matter in wastewater consumes a lot of oxygen to carry on various biological processes. It results in a reduction of oxygen level in the surrounding air and thus can increase air pollution. Consumption of oxygen by organic matter in wastewater is measured by BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand). A higher level of BOD indicates a higher polluting potential of wastewater. It is important to reduce the BOD so that pollution can be reduced. Hence, aerobic degradation is more important than anaerobic degradation for the treatment of large volumes of wastewaters rich in organic matter.Question:2
(b) Ganga has recently been declared the national river. Discuss the implication with respect to pollution of this river.
Answer:
(a) The Government has launched the Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan to reduce pollution level in these rivers. Under the Ganga Action Plan, dredging and cleaning of the riverbed are being carried out. These activities are especially intensified at places where the river passes through a major urban centre. The current government has named the Ganga Action Plan as Namami Gange.Question:4
Describe the main ideas behind the biological control of pests and diseases.
Answer:
Biological control of pests and diseases is based on the interdependency among various components of an ecosystem. This approach is also based on the acknowledgement of potential harm caused by chemical control of pests and diseases.Question:5
(a) What would happen if a large volume of untreated sewage is discharged into a river?
(b) In what way anaerobic sludge digestion is important in sewage treatments?
Answer:
(a) Following are the harmful effects of untreated sewage being discharged into a river:Question:6
Which type of food would have lactic acid bacteria? Discuss their useful application.
Answer:
Lactic acid bacteria are present in milk products which are prepared by fermentation. They are also found in pickled vegetables and wines. Following are some useful applications of lactic acid bacteria:Chapter 10 contains topics like the diversity of the bad and the good microbes, bioactive molecules, in agriculture, beverages, sewage treatment, medicine – antibiotics, vaccines, chemicals, enzymes, the role of microbes in different industries and households, and others. These tiny microscopic beings are an important aspect of our ecosystem, by learning about them the students will have better awareness about our environment too.
The NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 10, describes the roles of microbes in the evolution of living beings on this earth. With NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology chapter 10 solutions, students will understand the world of fungi, bacteria, yeasts and many other tiny beings in detail.
In Class 12 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 10, students will get to learn about the microbes that are there in human welfare. They will study the microbes like bacteria, fungi, viruses. Every topic covered in NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology chapter 10 solutions is well equipped with accurate information.
This chapter particularly describes the role of microorganisms in daily life and how they prove to be vital to us. Microbes are the entities that are not visible through our naked eyes, some of these are bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and many others. Overall, NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 10 not only provides you with the information but also at the same time is fun and interesting.
- The entities play a very major role in maintaining balance in an ecosystem. Some of the microbes can be fatal, while others can be beneficial for mankind. All the important details related to microbes is very well mentioned in NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 12.
- NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 10 solutions gives you all the accurate and required information about the different microbes and its use in mankind. Moreover, it also gives you information about the types of microbes present in different places.
- The chapter is very helpful for the students who wish to aspire a career in the field of biology or biotechnology. The students will learn about the diversity of good and bad microbes, the role of microbes in different industries and households.
Chapter 1 | |
Chapter 2 | |
Chapter 3 | |
Chapter 4 | |
Chapter 5 | |
Chapter 6 | |
Chapter 7 | |
Chapter 8 | |
Chapter 9 | |
Chapter 10 | |
Chapter 11 | |
Chapter 12 | |
Chapter 13 | |
Chapter 14 | |
Chapter 15 | |
Chapter 16 |
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The students can study each section of the chapter completely and attempt the question bank given with the NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 10 pdf download, to study and grasp the answer format completely.
1. Microbes in Household Products
2. Microbes in Industrial Products
3. Microbes in Sewage Treatment
4. Microbes in Production of Biogas
5. Microbes as Biocontrol Agents
6. Microbes as Biofertilizers
And other detailed explanations of related topics too are mentioned.
Yes, along with the textbooks the student can rely on NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 10, for any reference and guidance.
The course for Class 12 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 10 was designed by a group of professionals who have complete knowledge about what kind of questions are asked and how the answers have to be formed for the students to excel in their examinations.
Admit Card Date:13 December,2024 - 06 January,2025
Late Fee Application Date:13 December,2024 - 22 December,2024
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Hello Akash,
If you are looking for important questions of class 12th then I would like to suggest you to go with previous year questions of that particular board. You can go with last 5-10 years of PYQs so and after going through all the questions you will have a clear idea about the type and level of questions that are being asked and it will help you to boost your class 12th board preparation.
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