NCERT Class 12th Biology Notes Chapter-wise - Download Free PDF

NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapters Notes contain all of the chapters in the NCERT book for class 12. CBSE class 12 Biology chapters notes assist students in learning the curriculum in depth. The NCERT class 12 biology book contains chapters on reproduction, genetics and evolution, biology in human welfare, biotechnology, and ecology. Reproduction in organisms, sexual reproduction in flowering plants, human reproduction, reproductive health, principles of inheritance and variation, molecular basis of inheritance, evolution, human health and disease, food production strategies, microbes in human welfare, biotechnology: principles and processes, biotechnology and its applications, organisms and populations, ecosystem, biodiversity and conservation, and environmental issues are the 16 chapters in class 12 biology ncert. All of the important concepts, infographics, and commonly asked questions are explained in detail in the CBSE Class 12 biology chapter notes. Students may quickly get all of the chapters from the class 12 biology chapter notes pdf download and score good marks in their board examination.

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Subject-wise NCERT notes

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 : Reproduction in organisms

The NCERT class 12 chapter 1 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 6 Reproduction. ncert class 12 biology chapter 1 notes deal with the concept of reproduction in various organisms. Reproduction in organisms class 12 notes cover a brief outline of asexual and sexual reproduction. Some of the topics covered in Reproduction in organisms class 12 notes are life span, asexual reproductive structures and events in sexual reproduction

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 2: Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

The NCERT class 12 chapter 2 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 6 Reproduction. ncert class 12 biology chapter 2 notes deal with concept of sexual reproduction in angiosperms. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants class 12 notes cover a brief outline of flower, double fertilisation, post-fertilisation events, apomixis and polyembryony. Some of the topics covered in Sexual reproduction in flowering plants class 12 notes are microsporogenesis, pollen grain, megasporangia, pollination, syngamy, endosperm, seed, parthenocarpic fruit and polyembryony.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 3 : Human reproduction

The NCERT class 12 chapter 3 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 6. ncert class 12 biology chapter 3 notes deal with concept of reproduction in human beings. Human reproduction class 12 notes cover a brief outline of male and female reproductive structures, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, embryonic development, parturition and lactation.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 4 : Reproductive health

The NCERT class 12 chapter 4 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 6 Reproduction. ncert class 12 biology chapter 4 notes deal with reproductive well-being of the human population. Reproductive health class 12 notes cover a brief outline of problems and strategies regarding reproductive health, population explosion and birth control, medical termination of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases and infertility.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 5 : Principles of inheritance and variation

The NCERT class 12 chapter 5 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 7 Genetics and evolution. ncert class 12 biology chapter 5 notes deal with the pattern and laws of inheritance. Principles of inheritance and variation class 12 notes cover a brief outline of Mendel’s law of inheritance, inheritance of one and two genes, sex determination, mutation and genetic disorders. Some of the topics covered in Principles of inheritance and variation class 12 notes are Mendel’s experiment on pea plant, monohybrid and dihybrid cross, law of dominance, law of segregation, incomplete dominance, codominance, law of independent assortment, chromosomal theory of inheritance, linkage and recombination, sex determination, pedigree analysis, mendelian disorders and chromosomal disorders.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 6 : Molecular basis of inheritance

The NCERT class 12 chapter 6 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 7 Genetics and evolution. ncert class 12 biology chapter 6 notes deal with the molecular basis for genetics. Molecular basis of inheritance class 12 notes covers a brief outline of the DNA, RNA world hypothesis, replication, transcription, translation, regulation of gene expression, human genome project and DNA fingerprinting. Some of the topics covered in Molecular basis of inheritance class 12 notes are structure of DNA, packing of DNA helix, transforming principle, properties of genetic material, Meselson and Stahl’s experiment, replication, transcription unit and the gene, genetic code, mutations, lac operon, human genome project and DNA fingerprinting.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 7 : Evolution

The NCERT class 12 chapter 7 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 7 Genetics and evolution. ncert class 12 biology chapter 7 notes deal with the concept of evolution of life forms. Evolution class 12 notes cover a brief outline of origin of life, evolution of life forms, evidence for evolution, adaptive radiation, biological evolution, mechanism of evolution, Hardy-Weinberg principle, origin and evolution of man.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 : Human health and disease

The NCERT class 12 chapter 8 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 8 Biology in human welfare. ncert class 12 biology chapter 8 notes deal with the concept of health and common human diseases. Human health and diseases class 12 notes cover a brief outline of common diseases in humans, immunity, AIDS, cancer, drugs and alcohol abuse. Some of the topics covered in Human health and disease class 12 notes are infectious and non-infectious diseases: typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, malaria, amoebiasis, ascariasis, elephantiasis, ringworms; innate immunity, acquired immunity, active and passive immunity, vaccination and immunisation, allergies, human immune system, AIDS, cancer, alcohol and drug abuse.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 9 : Strategies for enhancement in food production

The NCERT class 12 chapter 9 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 8 Biology in human welfare. ncert class 12 biology chapter 9 notes deal with the current status, and need for increasing global food production. Strategies for enhancement in food production class 12 notes cover a brief outline of animal husbandry, plant breeding, single cell proteins and tissue culture. Some of the topics covered in Strategies for enhancement in food production class 12 notes are dairy farm management, poultry farm management, animal breeding, bee keeping, fisheries, green revolution, plant breeding for disease and insect resistance, and improvement in food quality, single cell proteins and micropropagation.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 : Microbes in human welfare

The NCERT class 12 chapter 10 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 8 Biology in human welfare. ncert class 12 biology chapter 10 notes deal with importance of microorganisms to humans Microbes in human welfare class 12 notes cover a brief outline of microbes in/as households, industrial products, sewage treatment, biogas production, biochemical agents and fertilizers.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 11: Biotechnology: Principles and application

The NCERT class 12 chapter 11 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 9 Biotechnology. NCERT notes for class 12 biology chapters deal with importance and few basic principles in biotechnology. Biotechnology: Principles and application class 12 notes cover a brief outline of principles in biotechnology, tools of recombinant DNA technology, and processes of recombinant DNA technology. Some of the topics covered in Biotechnology: principles and processes class 12 notes are plasmids, restriction enzymes, cloning vectors, isolation of DNA, PCR technology, and downstream processing.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 12: Biotechnology: principles and processes

The NCERT class 12 chapter 12 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 9 Biotechnology. ncert class 12 biology chapter 12 notes deal with application and scope of biotechnology. Biotechnology: Principles and application class 12 notes cover a brief outline of biotechnological applications in agriculture and medicine, transgenic animals and ethical issues. Some of the topics covered in Biotechnology: principles and processes class 12 notes are Bt cotton, genetically engineered insulin, gene therapy, molecular diagnosis, and biopiracy.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 13: Organisms and populations

The NCERT class 12 chapter 13 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 10 Ecology. ncert class 12 biology chapter 13 notes deal with the various attributes of organisms and populations in the ecosystem. Some of the topics covered in Organisms and populations class 12 notes are organism and its environment, major abiotic factor, response to abiotic factors, adaptations, population attributes, population growth, life history variation and population interactions.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 : Ecosystem

The NCERT class 12 chapter 14 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 10 Ecology. ncert class 12 biology chapter 14 notes deal with structure and functioning of ecosystems. Ecosystem class 12 notes cover a brief outline structure and function of the ecosystem, and other aspects of the ecosystem like productivity, decomposition and energy flow; ecological pyramids, ecological succession, nutrient cycling and ecosystem services.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 15 : Biodiversity and conservation

The NCERT class 12 chapter 15 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 10 Ecology. ncert class 12 biology chapter 14 notes deal with importance, distribution and conservation of biodiversity. Biodiversity and conservation class 12 notes cover a brief outline of biodiversity in India and the world, patterns of biodiversity, importance of species diversity, loss of biodiversity, insitu and exsitu conservation. Some of the topics covered in Organisms and populations class 12 notes are organism and its environment, major abiotic factor, response to abiotic factors, adaptations, population attributes, population growth, life history variation and population interactions.

NCERT Notes Class 12 Biology Chapter 16 : Environmental issues

The NCERT class 12 chapter 16 notes are a part of NCERT class 12 unit 10 Ecology. ncert class 12 biology chapter 16 notes deal with reasons and solutions for some of the important environmental issues. Air pollution and its control, water pollution and its control, sold wastes, agro-chemicals and their effects, radioactive wastes, greenhouse effects and global warming, ozone depletion in the stratosphere, degradation by improper resource utilisation and maintenance, and deforestation are some of the topics covered in Environmental issues class 12.

Significance of ncert notes for class 12 biology notes-

Class 12th biology chapters notes will assist you in revising the chapter and gaining an understanding of the major concepts discussed. This ncert class 12 biology notes may also be used to cover the core concepts of the CBSE biology syllabus in class 12 board exams as well as for competitive examinations such as NEET and KVPY.

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