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NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 1 is definitely a good source of study material, especially for CBSE students studying biology in Class 12. These solutions are prepared only by qualified persons and expert teachers. It is highly recommended to follow NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 1 because it includes all the major questions that have definitely been asked in previous question papers. Content includes questions from various textbooks, guides, important worksheets, MCQ’s and various other HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) questions. NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 1 pdf download is available for students to help them understand the concepts better and also for offline use for free here.
Also, read NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology of Other Chapters.
Question:1
A few statements describing certain features of reproduction are given below:
i. Gametic fusion takes place
ii. Transfer of genetic material takes place
iii. Reduction division takes place
iv. Progeny have some resemblance with parents
Select the options that are true for both asexual and sexual reproduction from the options given below:
(a) i and ii; (b ) ii and iii; (c) ii and iv; (d) i and iii.
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) (ii) and (iv)Question:2
The term 'clone' cannot be applied to offspring formed by sexual reproduction because:
a. Offspring do not possess exact copies of parental DNA
b. DNA of only one parent is copied and passed on to the offspring
c. Offspring are formed at different times
d. DNA of parent and offspring are completely different.
Answer:
The answer is the option a) Offspring do not possess exact copies of parental DNAQuestion:3
Asexual method of reproduction by binary fission is common to which of the following?
i. Some eukaryotes
ii. All eukaryotes
iii. Some prokaryotes
iv. All prokaryotes
Choose the correct option from the following:
(a) i and ii; (b) ii and iii; (c) i and iii; (d) iii and iv.
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) (i) and (iii)Question:4
A few statements with regard to sexual reproduction are given below:
i. Sexual reproduction does not always require two individuals
ii. Sexual reproduction generally involves gametic fusion
iii. Meiosis never occurs during sexual reproduction
iv. External fertilisation is a rule during sexual reproduction
Choose the correct statements from the options below:
(a) i and iv (b) i and ii (c) ii and iii (d)
Answer:
The answer is the option (b), (i) and (ii)
Explanation: Sexual reproduction does not always require two individuals as both the sexes are present on the same individual. In some of these cases, both the gametes from the same individual are involved.Question:5
A multicellular, filamentous alga exhibits a type of sexual life cycle in which the meiotic division occurs after the formation of zygote. The adult filament of this alga has
a. haploid vegetative cells and diploid gametangia
b. diploid vegetative cells and diploid gametangia
c. diploid vegetative cells and haploid gametangia
d. haploid vegetative cells and haploid gametangia
Answer:
The answer is the option (d)Question:6
The male gametes of rice plant have 12 chromosomes in their nucleus.The chromosome number in the female gamete, zygote and the cells of the seedling will be, respectively,
a. 12, 24, 12
b. 24, 12, 12
c. 12, 24, 24
d. 24, 12, 24.
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) 12, 24, 24Question:7
Given below are a few statements related to external fertilisation. Choose the correct statements.
i. The male and female gametes are formed and released simultaneously
ii. Only a few gametes are released into the medium
iii. Water is the medium in a majority of organisms exhibiting external fertilisation
iv. Offspring formed as a result of external fertilisation have a better chance of survival than those formed inside an organism
(a) iii and iv (b) i and iii (c) ii and iv (d) i and iv
Answer:
The answer is the option (b), (i) and (iii)Question:8
The statements given below describe certain features that are observed in the pistil of flowers.
i. A pistil may produce more than one seed
ii. Each carpel may have more than one ovule
iii. Each carpel has only one ovule
iv. The pistil has only one carpel
Choose the statements that are true from the options below:
(a) i and ii (b) i and iii (c) ii and iv (d) iii and iv
Answer:
The answer is the option (a), (i) and (ii)Question:9
Which of the following situations correctly describe the similarity between an angiosperm egg and a human egg?
i. Eggs of both are formed only once in a lifetime
ii. Both the angiosperm egg and human egg are stationary
iii. Both the angiosperm egg and human egg are mobile
iv. Syngamy in both results in the formation of zygote
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) ii and iv (b) iv only (c) iii and iv (d) i and ii
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) iv only.Question:10
The appearance of vegetative propagules from the nodes of plants such as sugarcane and ginger are mainly because:
a. Nodes are shorter than internodes
b. Nodes have meristematic cells
c. Nodes are located near the soil
d. Nodes have non-photosynthetic cells
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) Nodes have meristematic cellsQuestion:11
Which of the following statements, support the view that an elaborate sexual reproductive process appeared much later in the organic evolution.
i. Lower groups of organisms have simpler body design
ii. Asexual reproduction is common in lower groups
iii. Asexual reproduction is common in higher groups of organisms
iv. The high incidence of sexual reproduction in angiosperms and vertebrates
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(a) i, ii and iii; (b) i, iii and iv (c) i, iii and iv (d) ii, iii and iv
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) (i), (ii) and (iv)Question:12
Offspring formed by sexual reproduction exhibit more variation than those formed by Asexual reproduction because:
a. Sexual reproduction is a lengthy process
b. Gametes of parents have qualitatively different genetic composition
c. Genetic material comes from parents of two different species
d. The greater amount of DNA is involved in sexual reproduction.
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) gametes of parents have a qualitatively different genetic compositionQuestion:13
Choose the correct statement from amongst the following:
a. Dioecious (hermaphrodite) organisms are seen only in animals
b. Dioecious organisms are seen only in plants
c. Dioecious organisms are seen in both plants and animals
d. Dioecious organisms are seen only invertebrates
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) Dioecious organisms are seen in both plants and animalsQuestion:14
There is no natural death in single-celled organisms like Amoeba and bacteria because:
a. They cannot reproduce sexually
b. They reproduce by binary fission
c. The parental body is distributed among the offspring
d. They are microscopic
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) Parental body is distributed among the offspringQuestion:15
There are various types of reproduction. The type of reproduction adopted by an organism depends on:
a. The habitat and morphology of the organism
b. Morphology of the organism
c. Morphology and physiology of the organism
d. The organism’s habitat, physiology and genetic makeup
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) The organism’s habitat, physiology and genetic makeupQuestion:16
Identify the incorrect statement.
a. In asexual reproduction, the offspring produced are morphologically and genetically identical to the parent b. Zoospores are sexual reproductive structures
c. In asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring with or without the formation of gametes
d. Conidia are asexual structures in Penicillium
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) Zoospores are sexual reproductive structuresQuestion:17
Which of the following is a post-fertilisation event in flowering plants?
a. Transfer of pollen grains
b. Embryo development
c. Formation of flower
d. Formation of pollen grains
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) Embryo developmentQuestion:18
The number of chromosomes in the shoot tip cells of a maise plant is 20.The number of chromosomes in the microspore mother cells of the same plant shall be:
a. 20
b. 10
c. 40
d. 15
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) 20Question:1
Mention two inherent characteristics of Amoeba and yeast that enable them to reproduce asexually.
Answer:
Amoeba and yeast can reproduce asexually due to the following reasons:Register now for PTE & Unlock 20% OFF : Use promo code: 'C360SPL20'. Valid till 31st DEC'24! Trusted by 3,500+ universities globally
Question:2
Why do we refer to offspring formed by the asexual method of reproduction as clones?
Answer:
Asexual reproduction requires only a single parent and involves only the process of mitosis, which ensures that variation is not possible in offspring, and they are clones of their parents.Question:3
Although potato tuber is an underground part, it is considered as a stem. Give two reasons.
Answer:
Potato Tuber is considered a stem due to the presence of the following features:Question:4
Between an annual and a perennial plant, which one has a shorter juvenile phase? Give one reason.
Answer:
Annual plants have shorter juvenile phase compared to perennial plants. The number of flowering seasons in a year determines the length of the juvenile phase. While some perennial plants may produce flower only once in a year (some produce flowers once in 50 or even 100 years), annual plants have much shorter life cycles and thus, shorter juvenile phase.Question:5
Answer:
Gametogenesis→ Pollination→ Fertilization→ EmbryogenesisQuestion:6
Answer:
Dioecious plants depend on agents of pollination to carry out sexual reproduction. The availability of agents is impacted significantly by external factors. Ex – Usage of high level of pesticides has reduced the population of pollinating insects. Hence, the probability of fruit set in self-pollinated bisexual flowers is far greater than a dioecious plant.Question:7
Answer:
The number of chromosomes is not a deciding factor for the mode of reproduction.Question:8
Answer:
There is no relationship between the size of an organism and its life span. Ex – Though, mango and peepul tree have similar sizes; mango tree has a much shorter life span.Question:9
Answer:
Chasmogamous flowers are shown in ‘A’ as they have exposed anther and stigma. Cross-pollination will be their mode of pollination.Question:10
Give reasons as to why cell division cannot be a type of reproduction in multicellular organisms.
Answer:
As multicellular organisms have a complex organisation; it isn’t possible for a single cell to produce all different types of tissues simply by undergoing mitosis.Question:12
Why do gametes produced in large numbers in organisms exhibit external fertilisation?
Answer:
In external fertilisation, gametes are affected by their surroundings; they can get blown off by the wind, washed away by water, eaten by predators etc. and most of the gametes perish before fertilisation. A higher number of gametes increase the probability of fertilisation.Question:13
Which of the followings are monoecious and dioecious organisms?
a. Earthworm ______________
b. Chara ______________
c. Marchantia ______________
d. Cockroach _____________
Answer:
(a) DioeciousQuestion:14
Match the organisms given in Column-’A’ with the vegetative propagules given in column ‘B’
Col. A i. Bryophyllum ii. Agave iii. Potato iv. Water hyacinth | Col. B a) offset b) eyes c) leaf buds d) bulbils |
Answer:
i→(c)
ii→(d)
iii→(b)
iv→(a)
Question:15
What do the following parts of a flower develop into after fertilisation?
a. Ovary ______________
b. Ovules _____________
Answer:
(a) FruitsQuestion:1
Answer:
In haploid organisms which reproduce by sexual reproduction, gametes are formed by meiotic division and the number of chromosomes is half of the total. The life cycle stage where meiosis occurs is known as the sporophytic generation and is represented by a single-celled zygote. In such plants, the gametophytic phase (haploid) is the dominant phase. Such a life cycle is called haplontic.Question:2
Answer:
Mitosis is involved in Asexual reproduction. Large organisms exhibit a complex organisation. In this scenario, it is not possible to produce all the different types of tissues required via the mitosis process.Question:3
Answer:
Female and workers in a colony of bees are diploid, but male drones are haploid. This is because unfertilised eggs develop into male drones. This process is known as Parthenogenesis and is also shown by many plants. Ex- BananaQuestion:4
With which type of reproduction do we associate the reduction division? Analyse the reasons for it.
Answer:
Reduction division is associated with sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves fertilisation, which fuses two gametes to create the zygote. In this process zygote becomes diploid. To maintain the characteristics of a species, the gametes need to become haploid. This is achieved by reduction division.Question:5
Answer:
Vegetative propagation can be considered asexual reproduction as:Question:6
Answer:
Parthenocarpic fruits like Banana are produced without fertilisation. It is also possible to artificially induce parthenocarpy in some plants like papaya and watermelon.Question:7
Answer:
In a developing embryo, if cell divisions are not followed by cell differentiation, it won’t be possible for the various types of tissues to be created, rather a single mass of identical cells would be created. Cell differentiation is essential for the creation of organisms exhibiting complex organisation. This is similar to the differentiation of meristematic cells in plants. For vascular plants, differentiation makes it possible to form specialised tissues which can perform various functions.Question:8
List the changes observed in an angiosperm flower after pollination and fertilisation.
Answer:
Post pollination and fertilisation, an angiosperm flower undergoes the following changes –Question:9
Answer:
Unlike tomato’s pericarp, which is differentiated into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp; pericarp in pea pod is not differentiated into many layers. The arrangement of seeds in a fruit is depended on placentation. Pea flower shows marginal placentation, while tomato shows axial placentation.Question:10
Answer:
Similarities:Zoospores | Conidium |
They are motile | They are non-motile |
Flagella is present | Flagella is absent |
Question:11
Justify the statement ‘Vegetative reproduction is also a type of asexual reproduction’.
Answer:
Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction as:Question:1
Answer:
Asexual Reproduction | Sexual Reproduction |
Single parent is required | Two parents are required |
Gametogenesis doesn’t happen | Gametogenesis happens |
Meiosis does not happen | Meiosis takes place during gametogenesis |
Offspring’s genotype is identical to the parent | Offspring’s genotype is different from both parents. |
Simple organisms reproduce asexually | Complex organisms reproduce sexually |
Question:2
Analyse the situation with the background of gametogenesis and provide or give a suitable explanation.
Answer:
Post meiosis, gamete formation takes place. Crossing overtakes place during the pachytene stage of Prophase I in meiosis. During crossing over, non-sister chromatids combine leading to recombination of various genes.Question:3
Answer:
Sexual reproduction provides various survival benefits, and because of this, higher organisms in kingdom Animalia and Plantae prefer this mode of reproduction.Though asexual reproduction can generate a large number of offspring in a very short time span, these offspring are clones of their parent and have the same shortcomings as their parents. So, they will be equally susceptible to diseases and harsh surroundings. However, as sexual reproduction combines genotypes of a parent, over time, the later generations tend to have better genotype compared to the earlier generations.Question:4
(a) oestrus and menstrual cycles;
(b) ovipary and vivipary. Cite an example for each type.
Answer:
Oestrus cycle | Menstrual Cycle |
Female becomes sexually active during the ovulation phase | Ovulation and sexual activity of female are independent of each other |
In case of conception doesn’t take place, the endometrium is absorbed | In case of conception doesn’t take place, the endometrium is shed in fragments |
Visible signs appear on female genitalia | Blood and tissue discharge happens from female genitalia |
Ex – Cat, Dog, Horse | Ex – Humans, Chimpanzee, Monkey |
Ovipary | Vivipary |
The animal lays eggs | The animal gives birth to progeny |
There is a lesser demand for resources from the female’s body | There is a greater demand for resources from the female’s body |
Chances of survival of progeny are lower | Highly likely for the progeny to survive |
Ex – reptiles and aves | Ex – Most mammals, shark etc |
Question:5
Answer:
Human intervention is responsible for the production or absence of fruits in these plants. The specific purpose for each plant is important to understand the issue:Studying the chapter Reproduction in Organisms from NCERT exemplar Biology solutions chapter 1 for Class 12 will help students get a better understanding of the process of fertilization and the formation of new individuals alongside the 2 types of reproduction in organisms (i.e. plants and animals). In simpler terms, students would get to learn about the stages of life cycle in organisms along with how life continues. Apart from it being the basis of several other chapters in biology, this chapter is beneficial especially for students who wish to make their career in the fields of medical science and biotechnology.
Content includes
● Types of reproduction
● Fertilization and the formation of new individuals alongside pre-fertilization and post-fertilization events.
● Sexual reproduction asexual reproduction in detail
In NCERT Biology solutions chapter 1 exemplar Class 12 the students will learn about firstly, the types of reproduction. Secondly, reproduction process in different unicellular and multicellular organisms and lastly about the fertilization process (pre fertilization events and post fertilization events) easily in detail, all thanks to our teachers expertise.
- Topics like, the reason why reproduction is essential for the continuity of species on earth and if the organisms do not reproduce, life will cease to exist alongside types of reproduction, are talked about in detail.
- Which type, whether sexual or asexual reproduction is better and why, is also talked about in detail in NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 1
- Furthermore, students will be able to comprehend between types, modes, and the process of reproduction in different organisms.
Chapter 1 | |
Chapter 2 | |
Chapter 3 | |
Chapter 4 | |
Chapter 5 | |
Chapter 6 | |
Chapter 7 | |
Chapter 8 | |
Chapter 9 | |
Chapter 10 | |
Chapter 11 | |
Chapter 12 | |
Chapter 13 | |
Chapter 14 | |
Chapter 15 | |
Chapter 16 |
Students can easily download the solutions in a PDF format from the solutions page itself by the given link for offline use.
Students will learn about types of reproduction, the process of fertilization and the formation of new individuals alongside the 2 types of reproduction in organisms (i.e. plants and animals). In simpler terms, students would get to learn about the stages of the life cycle in organisms along with how life continues and therefore the cycle of birth, growth, and death.
Since,these solutions are prepared only by qualified persons and expert teachers, NCERT Exemplar Biology Solutions Chapter 1 for Class 12 would turn out to be very fruitful for the students.
Students would be able to answer all major questions that were asked in previous question papers. Alongside questions from various textbooks, guides, important worksheets, MCQ’s and various other HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) questions. The student will be fully prepared for the board exam.
Our Expert teachers use the chapters and given information alongside their practical knowledge and skills to solve the questions and prepare the solutions in a more detailed way.
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Hello there! Thanks for reaching out to us at Careers360.
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If you have uploaded screenshot of your 12th board result taken from CBSE official website,there won,t be a problem with that.If the screenshot that you have uploaded is clear and legible. It should display your name, roll number, marks obtained, and any other relevant details in a readable forma.ALSO, the screenshot clearly show it is from the official CBSE results portal.
hope this helps.
Hello Akash,
If you are looking for important questions of class 12th then I would like to suggest you to go with previous year questions of that particular board. You can go with last 5-10 years of PYQs so and after going through all the questions you will have a clear idea about the type and level of questions that are being asked and it will help you to boost your class 12th board preparation.
You can get the Previous Year Questions (PYQs) on the official website of the respective board.
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