Goa Board HSSC Exam 2025: Result (Out), Toppers, Exam Date

Sanskrit: Unit 01

Sanskrit: Unit 02

Sanskrit: Unit 03

Sanskrit: Unit 04

Sanskrit: Unit 05

Urdu: Unit 01

Urdu: Unit 02

Urdu: Unit 03

Urdu: Unit 04

Portuguese: Unit 01

Portuguese: Unit 02

Portuguese: Unit 03

Portuguese: Unit 04

Portuguese: Unit 05

Portuguese: Unit 06

Logic: Unit 01

• What is decision procedure
• Shorter truth table method
• Validity and tautology
• Truth tree method

Logic: Unit 02

• Rules of inference
• Rules of replacement
• Formal proofs of validity

Logic: Unit 03

• Propositional logic and predicate logic
• Singular and general propositions
• Symbolizing singular propositions
• Four-fold classification of propositions
• Representing A, E, I, O propositions with Venn diagrams
• Propositional functions
• Instantiation
• Generalization
• Symbols needed for symbolizing propositions
• Free and bound variables
• Symbolizing general propositions involving one property
• Symbolizing A,E,I,O propositions
• Distinction between existential and universal propositions
• Opposition of propositions

Logic: Unit 04

• Rule of universal instantiation (UI)
• Rule of universal generalization (UG)
• Rule of existential instantiation (EI)
• Rule of existential generalization (EG)
• Formal proof of validity using UI, UG, EI, EG

Logic: Unit 05

• Simple enumeration
• Analogy
• Scientific induction
• Problem of induction
• Solution to the problem of induction

Logic: Unit 06

• Observation
• Experiment
• Notion of cause, common man’s notion of cause
• Notion of cause in science

Logic: Unit 07

• Nature and definition of hypothesis
• Suggestion of hypothesis
• Conditions of good hypothesis
• Ad-Hoc and working hypothesis
• Verification of hypothesis
• Proof of hypothesis

Computer science: Unit 01

• C++ fundamentals: (a) C++ character set, (b) identifiers and keywords, (c) data types: Int, float, char, double, void, (e) qualifiers: Short, long, signed, unsigned, const
• C++ fundamentals: (f) Constants (integer, floating point, character, string, enumeration constants, symbolic constants), (g) escape sequence (\b, \t, \n, \v, \a, \f,\r, \0)
• C++ fundamentals: (h) Variables and declaration, dynamic initialization of variables, reference variables
• Operators and expressions: (a) Unary operators: Unary minus,++, - -, !, sizeof(), typecast, (b) arithmetic operators: *, /, %,+,-, (c) relational operators: <, <=, >, >=, (d) equality operators: ==, !=, (e) logical operators: &&, ||
• Operators and expressions: (f) Conditional operator: ?:, (g) assignment operator: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, (h) scope resolution operators(::), (i) memory management operators: new(), delete(), (j) operator precedence and associativity
• Data input and output: (a) Header file <iostream.h>, (b) using cin and cout with Insertion and extraction operators, (c) manipulators: Definition, header file <iomanip.h> setw, endl, setprecision, setfill, setiosflags, resetiosflags
• Data input and output: (d) Flags: ios::left, ios::right, ios::scientific, ios::fixed, ios::showpos, ios::showpoint, ios::skipus, ios::unitbuf
• Use of editor, basic commands of editor, compilation, linking and execution of program, debugging
• Control statements: If-else statement, while statement, do-while statement, for statement, switch statement. break statement, continue statement comma operator
• Functions: Definition, concept, general form, function declaration, function definition, scope of a variable, local and global variables, function call (pass by value, pass by reference using pointers and pass by reference using reference variable)
• Functions: Calling function with arrays as parameters, return by reference, inline functions, functions with default parameters, function overloading
• Built-in functions: (a) <string.h>- strlen(), strcmp(), strcat(), strcpy(), (b) <math.h>: log(), log10(), pow(), sqrt(), sin(), cos(), abs(), (c) <ctype.h>: isalnum(), isdigit(), islower(), isupper(), tolower(), toupper(), isalpha(), isspace()
• Built-in functions: (d) <stdio.h>: gets(), puts(), getchar(), putchar(), (e) <conio.h>: clrscr(), getch()
• Basic concepts of object oriented programming: Definition, objects, classes, data abstraction, data encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism characteristics of object oriented programming
• Classes and objects: Definition of class and object, declaration of class, defining member functions (inside the class and outside the class), creating objects, accessing class members, array of objects, objects as function argument
• Classes and objects: Functions returning objects
• Constructors and destructors: Definition and characteristics of constructors, default constructor, constructor with default arguments, parameterised constructors (explicit call, implicit call), constructor overloading, copy constructor
• Constructors and destructors: Dynamic constructor, dynamic initialisation of objects, destructor definition and characteristics
• Inheritance: Definition, concept of inheritance: Base and derived classes, abstract classes, type of inheritance: Single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical and hybrid. Defining derived class: Visibility modes (public, private, protected)
• Inheritance: Public derivation, private derivation, protected derivation, constructors in derived classes, containership virtual base classes

Computer science: Unit 02

• Arrays: (a) One dimensional arrays-definition, declaration, reading, displaying, accessing. Algorithm and program for inserting and deleting an element in an array. Memory allocation
• Arrays: (b) Sorting-definition, sorting techniques (insertion sort, selection sort, bubble sort-algorithms and programs), (c) Searching: Definition, searching techniques (linear search, binary search-algorithms and programs)
• Arrays: (e) Merging-definition, algorithm and program to merge two sorted arrays, (f) Applications: Insertion of an element in a sorted array, displaying common elements of two single dimensional arrays and other applications
• Arrays: (g) Two dimensional arrays-definition, declaration, reading, displaying, accessing, (h) Applications: Matrix addition, transpose of a matrix, matrix multiplication, representation of sparse matrix in 3-tuple form and other applications
• Structures and pointers: (a) Pointers-definition, concept, declaration, pointer to one and two dimensional array, (b) Structures: Definition, concept, declaration, structure variable, array of structures, pointer to a structure variable
• Structures and pointers: (b) Structures-pointer to array of structures
• Linked lists: (a) Singly linked list-concept, definition, diagram, operations (creation, display, deletion of a node at any position, insertion of a node at any position), (b) circular linked list: Concept, definition, diagram
• Linked lists: (c) Doubly linked list-concept, definition, diagram, (d) applications of singly linked list-linear search and other applications, (e) stacks: Concept, definition, and implementation of a stack using linked list (PUSH, POP and display)
• Linked lists: (e) Stacks-applications of stacks (infix, postfix and prefix notations of expressions), conversion of infix to postfix using stacks [algorithms and problems only], evaluation of postfix expressions [algorithms and problems only]
• Linked lists: (f) Queues-linear queue-concept, definition, implementation of queue using linked list (add, delete and display). Circular queue-concept, definition

Computer science: Unit 03

• Networks: Definition, components (nodes, server, network interface unit), need for networking
• Types of networks: LAN, MAN, WAN-basic concepts
• Communication channel: Physical channel-twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fibre cable (diagram, description, application). Wireless channel: Microwave, radio wave, and satellite links
• Data switching techniques: Circuit switching, message switching and packet switching
• Data communication terminologies: Baud, baud rate, bit rate, bandwidth, data transfer rate, bit rate (KBPS, MBPS, GBPS, TBPS)
• Network devices and their uses: Modem, hub, repeaters, bridge, router, gateway, switch
• Network topologies: Definition, types of topologies (bus, tree, star, ring)
• Client server model: Concept of client, server, client server model, and backbone network
• Protocols: Definition, file transfer protocol (FTP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), transmission control protocol/ internet protocol (TCP/ IP), simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP), post office protocol (POP), remote login (telnet)
• Application of networks: Email, e-commerce, chat services, video conferencing, usenet
• internet related terminologies: Internet, requirements of internet, internet working, internet service providers, internet addressing, world wide web (www), uniform resource locator (url), web server, web page, web server, website, web browser
• internet related terminologies: Hypertext markup language ( html), dynamic hypertext markup language (dhtml), extended markup language (xml), search engine, downloading and uploading files on/from the net, hacking, cracking, cookies

Business studies-principles and functions of management: Unit 01

Business studies-principles and functions of management: Unit 02

Business studies-principles and functions of management: Unit 03

Business studies-principles and functions of management: Unit 04

Business studies-business finance and marketing: Unit 01

Business studies-business finance and marketing: Unit 02

Business studies-business finance and marketing: Unit 03

Business studies-business finance and marketing: Unit 04

Economics: Unit 01

• Introduction: (a) Concept of economics (meaning and definition of economics), (b) concept of micro and macro economics-(meaning, definition and distinction)
• Introduction: (c) Problem of scarcity and choice-(nature of economic problem, types of economy-brief introduction of capitalist, socialist and mixed economy), (d) central problems of an economy (what to produce?, how to produce?, for whom to produce?)
• Introduction: (e) Production possibility curve (meaning, schedule and diagram with explanation), (f) meaning of opportunity cost (no diagram)

Economics: Unit 02

• Concept of consumers equilibrium, meaning of utility, concepts of utility (with schedule and diagram of each): (a) Total utility (TU), (b) marginal utility (MU), (c) relationship between TU and MU
• Law of diminishing marginal utility: (a) Statement, (b) assumptions, (c) schedule and diagram (marginal utility only), (d) explanation, meaning of indifference set, meaning of an indifference schedule (with schedule)
• Meaning of an indifference map (with diagram), meaning of consumer’s budget, meaning of budget set, meaning and construction of the budget line (with diagram), meaning of monotonic preference
• Consumer’s equilibrium through indifference curve analysis (with diagram)

Economics: Unit 03

• Meaning and determinants of demand marks, meaning of an individual demand schedule and demand curve (with schedule and diagram), meaning of market demand schedule and market demand curve (with schedule and diagram)
• The law of demand: Statement, assumptions, schedule and diagram, explanation, exceptions to the law of demand, meaning of normal goods and inferior goods (income effect on these goods), meaning of substitutes and complementary goods
• Movement along the demand curve: Extension or expansion of demand (with diagram), contraction of demand (with diagram), shifts in demand: Increase in demand (with diagram), decrease in demand (with diagram)
• Meaning and determinants of price elasticity of demand, types of price elasticity of demand: Perfectly elastic demand (with diagram), perfectly inelastic demand (with diagram), unit elastic demand (with diagram), relatively elastic demand (with diagram)
• Types of price elasticity of demand: Relatively elastic demand (with diagram), relatively inelastic demand (with diagram), three aspects of the relationship between price elasticity of demand and total expenditure (without schedule and diagram)
• Measurement of price elasticity of demand: Percentage method, geometric method (with diagram indicating 5 situations on the demand curve)

Economics: Unit 04

• Meaning of production function, meaning of fixed and variable factors marks, concepts of product-meaning and definition of product concepts with formula only-(total product, average product and marginal product)
• The law of variable proportions: Statements, assumptions, schedule and diagram, explanation of the three stages, the three stages of the law of variable proportion (in detail), returns to scale (the three stages)
• Concepts of cost-meaning and definition of various cost concepts with formula only-no diagrams (short run cost, long run cost, fixed cost, variable cost, TFC, TVC, AFC, AVC, TC, AC, MC)
• Concepts of revenue-meaning and definition of various revenue concepts with formula only-no diagrams (total revenue, average revenue, marginal revenue), meaning of supply, determinants/ factors influencing supply
• Law of supply: Statement, assumptions, supply schedule and diagram, explanation, meaning individual supply schedule and supply curve (with schedule and diagram), meaning of market supply schedule and market supply curve (with schedule and diagram)
• Movements along the supply curve/ variations in supply curve: Extension of supply (with diagram), contraction of supply (with diagram), shifts in the supply curve: Increase in supply (with diagram), decrease in supply (with diagram)
• Types of price elasticity of supply: Relatively elastic supply (es > 1), relatively inelastic supply (es < 1), unit elastic supply (es = 1), measurement of price elasticity of supply –percentage method

Economics: Unit 05

• Concept of producer’s equilibrium, meaning and features of perfect competition, meaning and features of monopoly, meaning and features of monopolistic competition, meaning and features of oligopoly marks
• Determination of equilibrium price under perfect competition (with schedule and diagram), changes in equilibrium price due to shifts in demand: Increase in demand, supply constant (with diagram), decrease in demand, supply constant (with diagram)
• Changes in equilibrium price due to shifts in supply: Increase in supply, demand constant (with diagram), decrease in supply, demand constant (with diagram)
• Determination of equilibrium price due to simultaneous shifts in demand and supply: Demand and supply increase in equal proportion(with diagram), demand and supply decrease in equal proportion (with diagram)

Economics: Unit 06

• Meaning of macro economics, meaning of national income, circular flow of income-(2 sector model) (with diagram), meaning of the following concepts( with formula): GDP at MP (gross domestic product at market prices)
• Meaning of the following concepts( with formula): NDP at MP (net domestic product at market prices), GNP at MP (gross national product at market prices), NNP at MP (net national product at market prices), GDP at FC (gross domestic product at factor cost)
• Meaning of the following concepts( with formula): NDP at FC (net domestic product at factor cost), GNP at FC (gross national product at factor cost), NNP at FC (net national product at factor cost)
• Meaning of the following concepts: NDI (gross and net), private income, personal income, personal disposable income marks, difference between personal income and personal disposable income (only concept)
• Value added method or product method of measurement of national income, calculation of gross value added, precautions of product method, problem of double counting (with suitable example in the form of a schedule)
• Income method of measurement of national income: Classification of factor incomes (3 types of incomes), precautions of income method, expenditure method of measurement of national income: Classification of final expenditure (4 types of final expenditure)
• Precautions of expenditure method, reasons why GDP is not a good indicator of welfare

Economics: Unit 07

• Meaning and components of aggregate demand, meaning and components of aggregate supply, the consumption function (meaning, schedule and diagram), propensity to consume: Average propensity to consume (APC)
• Propensity to consume: Marginal propensity to consume (MPC) (APC and MPC-meaning, formula, problems, the savings function (meaning, schedule and diagram), propensity to save: Average propensity to save (APS)
• Propensity to save: Marginal propensity to save (MPS) (APS and MPS-meaning, formula), The savings function (meaning, schedule and diagram), determination of equilibrium level of output of income (AS = AD approach) (with schedule and diagram)
• Meaning of investment multiplier or output multiplier (k=∆y) (meaning, formula), meaning of involuntary unemployment, deficient demand at full employment (with diagram), excess demand at full employment (with diagram)
• Fiscal policy: Meaning, measures to correct excess demand and measures to correct deficient demand (public expenditure, taxes, public debt and deficit financing)
• Monetary policy: Meaning, measures to correct excess demand and measures to correct deficient demand (bank rate, open market operation, CRR, SLR)

Economics: Unit 08

• Evolution of money-meaning, stages in the evolution of money (animal money/ commodity money, metallic/ coin money, paper money, bank money, plastic money, digital money), meaning and definition of money
• Functions of money-primary functions and secondary functions, demand for money: Transactions motive, precautionary motive, speculative motive, supply of money: Measurement of money supply (M, M, M and M), meaning of commercial bank
• Primary functions of a commercial bank-accepts deposits and gives loans, credit creation by commercial banks-meaning with example, meaning of primary deposits and secondary deposits, distinction between primary and secondary deposits
• Meaning and functions of the central bank, distinction between central bank and commercial banks, quantitative instruments/ tools of the monetary policy of the central bank to control
• Qualitative instruments/ tools of the monetary policy of the central bank to control credit

Economics: Unit 09

• Government budget-meaning and objectives, classification of receipts (budgetary receipts)-meaning, revenue receipts-(meaning, 2 features)
• Classification of revenue receipts-(tax revenue-meaning of tax, direct and indirect tax (GST and VAT)-types of direct and indirect tax, non tax revenue-meaning, types of non tax revenue, capital receipts-(meaning, 2 features)
• Sources of capital receipts-govt. borrowings, recovery of loans, other receipts, classification of expenditure/ budgetary expenditure: Revenue expenditure-meaning, 2 features, 4 examples, capital expenditure-meaning, 2 features, 4 examples
• Classification of public expenditure: Development and non-development expenditure, plan and non-plan expenditure, types of deficits: Revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit, types of budgets: Balanced budget, surplus budget, deficit budget
• Measures to curtail budgetary deficits: Lowering government expenditure, raising government receipts, meaning of foreign exchange rate, meaning of fixed exchange rate, meaning of flexible exchange rate system
• Determinants of demand and supply of foreign exchange, determination of exchange rate through demand and supply meaning demand for foreign exchange supply of foreign exchange equilibrium rate of exchange (with diagram)
• Meaning and functions of the foreign exchange market, meaning of important terms like appreciation, depreciation, devaluation with reference to application, meaning of the following concepts: Managed floating, dirty floating, wider bands system
• Meaning of the following concepts: Crawling peg system, purchasing power parity (concept, formula and suitable example), meaning of balance of payment accounts, components of balance of payment account (current account and capital account)

Sociology-Indian society: Unit 01

Sociology-Indian society: Unit 02

Sociology-Indian society: Unit 03

Sociology-Indian society: Unit 04

Sociology-Indian society: Unit 05

Sociology-Indian society: Unit 06

Sociology-social change and development in India: Unit 01

Sociology-social change and development in India: Unit 02

Sociology-social change and development in India: Unit 03

Sociology-social change and development in India: Unit 04

Sociology-social change and development in India: Unit 05

Psychology: Unit 01

Psychology: Unit 02

Psychology: Unit 03

Psychology: Unit 04

Psychology: Unit 05

Psychology: Unit 06

Psychology: Unit 07

Psychology: Unit 08

Psychology: Unit 09

Physics: Unit 01

• Introduction reading, electric charge, conductors and insulators, charging by induction, basic properties of electric charge, Coulomb’s law, forces between multiple charges, electric field, electric field lines, electric flux, electric dipole
• Dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution, Gauss’s law, applications of Gauss’s law

Physics: Unit 02

• Introduction, electrostatic potential, potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, potential due to a system of charges, equipotential surfaces, potential energy of a system of charges, potential energy in an external field
• Electrostatics of conductors, dielectrics and polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors, energy stored in a capacitor

Physics: Unit 03

• Introduction, electric current, electric currents in conductors, Ohm’s law, drift of electrons and the origin of resistivity, limitations of Ohm’s law, resistivity of various materials, temperature dependence of resistivity, electrical energy, power
• Combination of resistors-series and parallel, cells, EMF, internal resistance, cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff’s rules, Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge, potentiometer

Physics: Unit 04

• Introduction, magnetic force, motion in a magnetic field, motion in combined electric and magnetic field, magnetic field due to a current element, Biot-Savart law, magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop, ampere’s circuital law
• The solenoid and the toroid, force between two parallel currents, the ampere, torque on current loop, magnetic dipole, the moving coil galvanometer

Physics: Unit 05

• Introduction, the bar magnet, magnetism and Gauss’s law, the earth magnetism, magnetisation and magnetic intensity, magnetic properties of materials, permanent magnets and electromagnets

Physics: Unit 06

• Introduction, the experiments of Faraday and Henry, magnetic flux Faraday’s law of induction, Lenz’s law and conservation of energy, motional electromotive force, energy consideration: A quantitative study, Eddy currents, inductance (self and mutual)
• A.C. generator

Physics: Unit 07

• Introduction, A.C. voltage applied to resistor, representation of A.C. current and voltage by rotating vectors-phasors, A,C. voltage applied to inductor, A.C. voltage applied to capacitor, A.C. voltage applied to a series LCR circuit
• Power in A.C. circuit, LC oscillations, transformers

Physics: Unit 08

• Introduction, displacement current, electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum

Physics: Unit 09

• Introduction, reflection of light by spherical mirrors, refraction, total internal reflection, refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses, refraction through a prism, dispersion by a prism, some natural phenomena due to sunlight, optical instruments

Physics: Unit 10

• Introduction, Huygens principle, refraction and reflection of plane waves using huygens principle, coherent and incoherent addition of waves, interference of light waves and Young’s experiment, diffraction, polarisation

Physics: Unit 11

• Introduction, electron emission, photoelectric effect, experimental study of photoelectric effect, photoelectric effect and wave theory of light, Einstein’s photoelectric equation: Energy quantum of radiation, particle nature of light: The photon
• Wave nature of matter, Davisson and Germer experiment

Physics: Unit 12

• Introduction, alpha-particle scattering and Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom, atomic spectra, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the line spectra of the hydrogen atom, De Broglie’s explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantisation

Physics: Unit 13

• Introduction, atomic masses and composition of nucleus, size of the nucleus, mass-energy and nuclear binding energy, nuclear force, radioactivity, nuclear energy

Physics: Unit 14

• Introduction, classification of metals, conductors and semiconductors, intrinsic semiconductor, extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction, semiconductor diode, application of junction diode as a rectifier, special purpose p-n junction diodes
• Zener diode and their characteristics, zener diode as a voltage regulator, digital electronics and logic gates

Chemistry: Unit 01

Chemistry: Unit 02

Chemistry: Unit 03

Chemistry: Unit 04

Chemistry: Unit 05

Chemistry: Unit 06

Chemistry: Unit 07

Chemistry: Unit 08

Chemistry: Unit 09

Chemistry: Unit 10

Chemistry: Unit 11

Chemistry: Unit 12

Chemistry: Unit 13

Biology: Unit 01

• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure, development of male and female gametophyte, pollination-types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices, pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization, post-fertilization events
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony, significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation
• Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive system; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle, fertilization embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation
• Human reproduction: Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea), parturition (elementary idea) lactation (elementary idea)
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDS); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis
• Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness)

Biology: Unit 02

• Principles of inheritance and variation: Heredity and variation-mendelian inheritance; deviations from mendelism-incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance
• Principles of inheritance and variation: Chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in human being birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance haemophilia, colour blindness
• Principles of inheritance and variation: Mendelian disorders in humans-thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes
• Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation
• Molecular basis of inheritance: Gene expression and regulation-Lac operon; genome, human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting

Biology: Unit 03

• Human health and diseases: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, Chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control; basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; cancer
• Human health and diseases: HIV and AIDS; adolescence-drug and alcohol abuse
• Microbes in human welfare: Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use

Biology: Unit 04

• Biotechnology-principles and processes genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)
• Biotechnology and its application: Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy: Genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues
• Biotechnology and its application: Biopiracy and patents

Biology: Unit 05

• Organisms and populations: Organisms and environment-habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Biodiversity-concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, sacred groves, biosphere reserves, national parks
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Wildlife sanctuaries and ramsar sites

Mathematics: Unit 01

• Relations and functions: Types of relations-reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions
• Inverse trigonometric functions: Definition, range, domain, principal value branch

Mathematics: Unit 02

• Matrices: Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar
• Matrices: Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices, invertible matrices; (here all matrices will have real entries)
• Determinants: Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix
• Determinants: Solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix

Mathematics: Unit 03

• Continuity and differentiability: Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions
• Continuity and differentiability: Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives
• Applications of derivatives: Applications of derivatives-increasing/ decreasing functions, tangents and normals, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool)
• Applications of derivatives: Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations)
• Integrals: Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them
• Integrals: ∫ dx/ x² ± a², ∫ dx/ √ x² ± a², ∫ dx/ √ ax² + bx + c, ∫ dx/ a - x, ∫ dx/ √ ax + bx + c, ∫ px + q/ ax² + bx + c dx, ∫ px + q/ √ ax² + bx + c dx, ∫ √ a ± x dx, ∫ √ x - a² dx
• Integrals: Fundamental theorem of calculus (without proof).Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals
• Applications of the Integrals: Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, parabolas; area of circles/ ellipses (in standard form only) (the region should be clearly identifiable)
• Differential equations: Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables
• Differential equations: Solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree of the type: dy/dx = f(y/x). Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dy/dx+py=q, where p and q are functions of x or constant

Mathematics: Unit 04

• Vectors: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector
• Vectors: Components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, geometrical interpretation
• Vectors: Properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors
• Three-dimensional geometry: Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane
• Three-dimensional geometry: Distance of a point from a plane

Mathematics: Unit 05

• Linear programming: Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems. Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables
• Linear programming: Feasible and infeasible regions (bounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints)

Mathematics: Unit 06

• Probability: Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution

Accountancy-Partnership accounts: Unit 01

• Partnership: Definition, features, partnership deed
• Provisions of the Indian partnership act, 1932 in the absence of partnership deed
• Fixed v/s fluctuating capital accounts
• Preparation of profit and loss appropriation account-division of profit among partners, guarantee of profits (only theory)
• Goodwill: Nature, factors affecting and methods of valuation-average profit, super profit and capitalization

Accountancy-Partnership accounts: Unit 02

• Admission of a partner: Effect of admission of a partner on change in the profit sharing ratio, sacrifice ratio and new profit sharing ratio. Treatment of goodwill (as per as 26), treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities
• Admission of a partner: Treatment of reserves and accumulated profits, capital adjustments
• Retirement and death of a partner: Effect of retirement/ death of a partner on change in profit sharing ratio, gaining ratio and new profit sharing ratio. Treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26)
• Retirement and death of a partner: Treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, adjustment of accumulated profits and reserves, capital adjustments
• Calculation of deceased partner’s share of profit till the date of death
• Preparation of retiring partner’s loan account/ executor’s loan account

Accountancy-Partnership accounts: Unit 03

• Dissolution of a partnership firm: Meaning of dissolution of partnership and partnership firm, types of dissolution of a firm
• Dissolution of a partnership firm: Settlement of accounts-preparation of realization account, and other related accounts: Capital accounts of partners and cash/ bank a/c (excluding piecemeal distribution, sale to a company and insolvency of partners)

Accountancy-Accounting for companies: Unit 01

• Accounting for share capital: (a) Share and share capital: Nature and types. (b) Accounting for share capital: Issue and allotment of equity and preferences shares. Public subscription of shares-over subscription and under subscription of shares
• Accounting for share capital: (b) Accounting for share capital: Issue at par and at premium, calls in advance and arrears (excluding interest), issue of shares for consideration other than cash. (c) Accounting treatment of forfeiture and reissue of shares
• Accounting for share capital: (d) Disclosure of share capital in the balance sheet of a company
• Accounting for debentures: (a) Meaning of debentures; nature and types, distinction between shares and debentures. (b) Issue of debentures at par, at a premium and at a discount. Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash
• Accounting for debentures: (b) Debentures as collateral security concept

Accountancy-Accounting for companies: Unit 02

• Financial statement of a company: Meaning; nature; objectives; importance/ significance and limitations
• Financial statement of a company: (a) Preparation of statement of profit and loss in prescribed form with major headings and subheadings. (b) Preparation of balance sheet in prescribed form with major headings and subheadings

Political science-Contemporary world politics: Unit 01

• Cuban missiles crisis, what is Cold War, emergence of two power blocs, challenges to bipolarity: Non-aligned movement, new international economic order

Political science-Contemporary world politics: Unit 02

• Why did the Soviet Union disintegrate, consequences of disintegration, shock therapy (features), consequences of shock therapy

Political science-Contemporary world politics: Unit 03

• 9/11 and the global war on terror, what does hegemony mean, hegemony as a hard power, hegemony as structural power, constraints on American power, India’s relationship with the USA

Political science-Contemporary world politics: Unit 04

• European Union, rise of the Chinese economy

Political science-Contemporary world politics: Unit 05

• The military and democracy in Pakistan, ethnic conflicts and democracy in Sri Lanka, India and it’s other neighbors (Bangladesh)

Political science-Contemporary world politics: Unit 06

• Why international organization/ need of international organization, aims and objectives of UN, position of UN in unipolar world (1988), criteria of permanent membership of security council in UNO for India

Political science-Contemporary world politics: Unit 07

• What is security, new sources of threats, India’s security strategy

Political science-Contemporary world politics: Unit 08

• Environment concerns in global politics, steps taken by Indian government to protect environment, the indigenous peoples and their rights

Political science-Contemporary world politics: Unit 09

• Concept of globalization, causes of globalization, political consequences, economic consequences of globalisation

Political science-Politics in India since independence: Unit 01

• Consequences of partition, integration of princely states (Hyderabad, Manipur)

Political science-Politics in India since independence: Unit 02

• Challenges of building democracy, Congress dominance in the first three general elections, nature of the Congress dominance

Political science-Politics in India since independence: Unit 03

• Planning, five year plans, Green revolution (meaning only) and land reforms

Political science-Politics in India since independence: Unit 04

• The Chinese invasion of 1962, Bangladesh War 1971, India’s nuclear policy

Political science-Politics in India since independence: Unit 05

• The fourth general elections 1967, the presidential election 1969

Political science-Politics in India since independence: Unit 06

• Bihar movement, declaration of emergency, consequences of emergency, lessons of the emergency

Political science-Politics in India since independence: Unit 07

• Chipko movement, Dalits panthers, Bharatiya Kisan union, anti Arrack movement, Narmada bachao aandolan

Political science-Politics in India since independence: Unit 08

• Jammu And Kashmir, Punjab (only Rajiv Longowal accord), the north-east states

Political science-Politics in India since independence: Unit 09

• Political rise of the OBCs, democracy, Ayodhya dispute, anti Muslims riots in Gujarat

History: Unit 01

History: Unit 02

History: Unit 03

History: Unit 04

History: Unit 05

History: Unit 06

History: Unit 07

Geography: Unit 01

Geography: Unit 02

Geography: Unit 03

Geography: Unit 04

Geography: Unit 05

Geography: Unit 06

Geography: Unit 07

Geography: Unit 08

Geography: Unit 09

Geography: Unit 10

Geography: Unit 11

Geography: Unit 12

Geography: Unit 13

Geography: Unit 14

Geography: Unit 15

Geography: Unit 16

Painting: Unit 01

Painting: Unit 02

Painting: Unit 03

Painting: Unit 04

Painting: Unit 05

Geology: Unit 01

• Earthquakes: Introduction, focus epicenter, seismic waves, P.S.I. waves, magnitude, brief mention of richter scale, intensity, isoseismals, causes of earthquakes, elastic rebound theory, location of epicenter of earthquakes
• Earthquakes: Global distribution of earthquakes, risk zones map of india
• Internal structure of the earth: Introduction seismological evidence, behaviour of body waves, shadow zone, discontinuities, internal structure of the earth as continental crust, oceanic crust, upper mental, lower mental, outer core
• Internal structure of the earth: Inner core with respect to their composition thickness and depth
• Volcanoes: Definition causes of volcanism, classification based on continuity of eruption, types of eruptions, types of volcanic cones, products of volcanoes, Deccan trap of volcanism, post of volcanic phenomena hot spring geysers, etc
• Mountains: introduction, classification, as tectonic mountains, volcanic mountains, dome mountains, fold mountains, block mountains, non tectonic residual mountains with their mode of origin, and examples
• Plate tectonics and mountain building: Introduction, divergent, convergent and strike slip boundaries convergent boundaries-ocean, ocean-continent and continent-continent interactions with diagrams. Himalayan orogeny , sea of Tethys

Geology: Unit 02

• Strike and dip: Introduction to basic terms outcrop, bedding, dip, and strike, dip amount, dip direction, apparent and true dip, clinometer compass its use
• Folds: Introduction, definition, parts of folds into axis, axial plane, width, height and plunge, study of following types of folds-anticline, syncline, overturned, isoclinal. Recumbent, fan and monocline, importance study of folds
• Faults: Introduction, definition, elements of faults, faults plane, hanging wall and footwall throw and heave, genetic classification of faults, geometrical classification of fault, thrust fault, block fault, step fault, importance of studying fault
• Joint: Definition, terms such as master joint, joint system, geometric classification, strike joint, dip joint, oblique joint bedding joint, genetic classification i.e. tension and shear joints
• Unconformities: Definition, concept, stages of development of-(a) angular unconformity, (b) non conformity, (c) disconformity, various possible fields situations and so

Geology: Unit 03

• Fossils: Introduction, concepts and various modes of preservation of fossils, importance of fossils, uses of fossils in palaeo-geography palaeo climate and palaeo tectonics, concept of index fossils and its use in stratigraphy
• Stratigraphy: Introduction, principal of stratigraphy such as inclusions, intrusion and uniformitarianism and their applications, stratigraphic correlation- introduction, elements of correlation such as time unit
• Stratigraphy: Time stratigraphic units and litho stratigraphic units, methods of correlation and radioactive methods
• Standard geological time scale: Study of geological time scale with respect to various evolutionary changes and time spans of various time units study of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic era
• Brief outline of stratigraphy of peninsular India: Physiographic divisions of India. Study of following supergroups with respect to their distribution, classification (upto group level) lithology and economic importance-(a) Dharwar supergroup
• Brief outline of stratigraphy of peninsular India: Classification (upto group level) lithology and economic importance-(b) Cuddapah supergroup, (c) Vindhyan supergroup, (d) Gondwana supergroup, (e) Deccan traps. Brief outline of stratigraphy of Goa

Geology: Unit 04

• Introduction: Basic terms such as ore, gangue, ore minerals beneficiation and tenor, cut off grade
• Origin of ore deposits: Syngenetic and epigenetic deposits, igneous deposits, pegmatite deposits, hydrothermal deposits, metasomatic deposits, sedimentary deposits, metamorphic deposits
• Origin of ore deposits: (a) Petroleum-definition, chemical composition origin, organic theory, accumulation and Indian distribution, (b) coal-introduction, classification as peat, lignite, bituminous and anthracite, formation of coal, Indian distribution
• Distribution of economic minerals in India: Metallic minerals-(a) aluminum ore, (b) copper ore, (c) chromium ore, (d) gold, (e) iron ore, (f) manganese ore, (g) lead zinc. Nonmetallic minerals-(a) gypsum, (b) bartye, (c) mica, (d) radioactive minerals
• Economic minerals wealth of Goa: Brief outline of Goa mining industry with respect to iron, manganese and aluminum deposits with their distribution

Computer software applications: Unit 01

• Introduction and opening screen: (a) Uses and advantages in desktop publishing, (b) screen components: Menu bar, standard toolbar, property bar, toolbox, work area, document navigator, scrollbars, dockers, color palette, status bars, rulers
• Introduction and opening screen: (b) Screen components-rulers, zoom and pan tools, (c) create, open, save, import, export, preview and print documents, (d) drawing tools: Line, rectangle, ellipse, freehand, bezier, artistic media, dimension tool, polygon
• Introduction and opening screen: (d) Drawing tools-star, graph, spira
• Working with text: (a) Artistic text-applying artistic effects, fit text to path, break apart text, (b) Paragraph text-applying paragraph effects, wrapping text around objects, columns, drop caps, bullets, line spacing, word spacing, character spacing
• Working with text: (b) Paragraph text-find and replace, spelling, grammar and thesaurus, hyphenation, change case, (c) converting from one type to another, (d) break apart text and converting artistic text to curves
• Working with objects: (a) Outline tool, (b) copying, duplicating, cloning objects, transformations and effects, (c) shape tool, types of nodes, (d) knife and eraser tools
• Selecting objects: (a) Selecting single and multiple objects, (b) selecting objects inside group, (c) deselecting objects
• Filling objects: (a) Uniform or solid fill, color models, RGB, HSL, CMYK, etc, (b) fountain or gradient fill-two color and custom color blends, (c) texture fill, (d) pattern fill-two color, full color and bitmap fills, (e) postscript fill
• Arranging objects: (a) Positioning, moving, nudging, aligning, distributing, sizing, scaling, rotating, mirroring, ordering combining and breaking objects, (b) grouping, ungrouping, locking and unlocking objects
• Arranging objects: (c) Layers: Uses, creating, hiding, showing, deleting, (d) shaping objects with weld, trim, intersect, simplify, create boundary
• Special effects: (a) Perspective, power clip, lenses, (b) interactive tools: Blend, contour, extrude, envelope, distort, drop shadow, transparency, fill

Computer software applications: Unit 02

• The working environment: (a) The opening screen environment, (b) menus, workspace, toolbox, palettes, swatches, and styles, (c) ruler guides and grid
• Opening and saving files: (a) Opening images and saving images, (b) the file browser, (c) importing files-from scanner and digital cameras, exporting files, (d) graphic file formats: PSD, JPEG, TIFF, GIF, BMP
• Making selections: (a) Selection tools, (b) modifying and transforming selections, combining selections, feathering selections, (c) grow and similar commands, (d) quick selection, (e) selection masks, (f) redefine edge, content aware fill
• Making selections: (f) Zooming and panning
• Working with colors: (a) Foreground and background colours, (b) eye dropper, color picker, colour palettes. Image adjustments: Brightness/ contrast, shadows, midtones, highlights, hue, saturation, levels, histograms, (d) auto color, auto contrast
• Working with colors: (d) Auto levels. Match color command
• Painting and editing tools: (a) Line, rectangle, ellipse, polygon, custom shape, paint brush and pencil, brushes palette, paint bucket, path selection, pen, gradient tool, (b) creating shapes, (c) eraser, clone stamp, healing brush, spot healing brush
• Painting and editing tools: (c) Patch tool, art history brush, (d) blur, sharpen and smudge tools, red eye tool, history brush, (e) dodge, burn, sponge tools
• Working with images: (a) Image modes-RGB, CMYK, Greyscale, bitmap mode, (b) cropping, resizing, resampling, rotating, flipping, (c) alpha channel
• Working with layers: (a) Layers palette, (b) creating, merging, reordering, renaming, removing, hiding/ showing layers, (c) creating layer from selection, (d) copying layer to another image, (e) applying layer effects: Layer styles
• Working with layers: (e) Applying layer effects-layer blending modes and opacity
• Working with types: (a) Type tool, (b) point type and paragraph type, (c) typing on a path, (d) character palette and paragraph palette. Warping text
• Applying filters: (a) Artistic, blur, texture, sharpen, distort, noise, liquify

Mathematics and statistics: Unit 01

Mathematics and statistics: Unit 02

Mathematics and statistics: Unit 03

Mathematics and statistics: Unit 04

Mathematics and statistics: Unit 05

Mathematics and statistics: Unit 06

Mathematics and statistics: Unit 07

Mathematics and statistics: Unit 08

Mathematics and statistics: Unit 09

Mathematics and statistics: Unit 10

Mathematics and statistics: Unit 11

Mathematics and statistics: Unit 12

English communication skills: Unit 01

• (a) My struggle for an education, (b) Digital marketing, (c) On saying please, (d) Natural disasters, (e) Morals and ethics, (f) You've got to find what you love

English communication skills: Unit 02

• (a) Hope is the thing with feathers, (b) Good manners, (c) The road not taken

English communication skills: Unit 03

• (a) The silver lining, (b) The turtle

English communication skills: Unit 04

• Determiners, active and passive voice, tenses, question tags, use of ‘too’/ ‘so......that’, degrees of comparison, use of ‘unless’/ ‘If.....’, modals, prepositions, use of ‘no sooner..../ as soon as....’

English communication skills: Unit 05

English communication skills: Unit 06

English communication skills: Unit 07

• (a) Letter of inquiry, (b) letter of order, (c) letter of complaint

English communication skills: Unit 08

English communication skills: Unit 09

English communication skills: Unit 10

• Descriptive paragraph, argumentative paragraph, persuasive paragraph

English communication skills: Unit 11

Secretarial practice: Unit 01

Secretarial practice: Unit 02

Secretarial practice: Unit 03

Secretarial practice: Unit 04

Secretarial practice: Unit 05

Secretarial practice: Unit 06

Secretarial practice: Unit 07

Secretarial practice: Unit 08

Co-operation: Unit 01

Co-operation: Unit 02

Co-operation: Unit 03

Co-operation: Unit 04

Co-operation: Unit 05

Co-operation: Unit 06

Co-operation: Unit 07

Banking (commerce): Unit 01

Banking (commerce): Unit 02

Banking (commerce): Unit 03

Banking (commerce): Unit 04

Banking (commerce): Unit 05

Banking (commerce): Unit 06

Banking (commerce): Unit 07

Cost accounting and taxation: Unit 01

• Definition of business and profession, basis of charge, sec 28, deductions allowed-sections 30, 31, 32, 35, 35D, 35DDA, 36(1)(i) to 36(1)(xiii), 37(1), disallowances- sections 40, 40A(2), 40A(3) with rule, 6DD, specified books to be maintained, sec 44AA
• Audit of accounts sec 44AB, computation of income from business sec 44AD, computation of profits and gains of retail business sec 44ADA, 44AE

Cost accounting and taxation: Unit 02

• Deductions-sections 80C, 80CCC, 80CCD, 80 CCE, 80D, 80DD, 80 DDB, 80E, 80EE, 80G, 80 GG, provisions/ conditions and amount of deduction allowed only
• 80TTA, 80TTB, 80U

Cost accounting and taxation: Unit 03

• Rates of tax applicable to individuals only i.e individual below the age of 60 years, senior citizens, super senior citizens
• Surcharge/ health and education cess etc, applicable only to Individuals rebate sec.87A

Cost accounting and taxation: Unit 04

• Methods of costing-job order costing, contract costing, batch costing, process costing , operation costing/ unit costing, operating/ service costing, techniques of costing-standard, budgetary control, marginal , absorption, uniform costing

Cost accounting and taxation: Unit 05

• Direct and indirect material cost, meaning of material control, objectives, essentials/ principles of inventory control, techniques of inventory control, ABC analysis, advantages, perpetual inventory system
• Stock levels-maximum, minimum, reorder, danger, average, just in time purchasing, lead time
• Purchase procedure-requisition, selection of suppliers, purchase order and follow up, receipt of materials, inspection and testing of materials, payment to suppliers
• Objectives of good store keeping, functions and duties of store keeper, bin card, material requisition note
• Methods of pricing of materials issues-LIFO, FIFO and simple average ( only meaning)

Computer application: Unit 01

• Excel terminologies: Workbook, worksheet, columns, rows, cells, active cell, range, chart sheet, auto sum
• Excel basics: Steps to insert/ delete column, steps to insert/ delete row, steps to increase/ decrease column width, steps to increase/ decrease row height, steps to insert new worksheet, steps to delete worksheet, steps to rename the worksheet
• Different tabs in MS-Excel: Conditional formatting, steps to apply conditional formatting, steps to clear conditional formatting, different alignment, procedure to apply border, merge cells, auto fill, chart, steps to insert a chart
• Different tabs in MS-Excel: Steps to protect the worksheet, steps to unprotect the worksheet, steps to change page orientation, steps to set paper size, group available under page layout tab, default page orientation, different page orientations
• Different tabs in MS-Excel: Insert comment, steps to remove/ delete a comment, steps to use freeze pane, steps to print preview the data, steps to wrap text, sorting, steps for sorting the data, options (groups) available under insert tab, merge cell
• Different tabs in MS-Excel: Steps to set margin, steps to print a worksheet, steps to insert a page break

Computer application: Unit 02

• Importance of PowerPoint presentation, different slide layouts, steps to insert blank slide, steps to insert picture, steps to insert clipart, steps to insert charts, steps to insert table, steps to insert movie/ video file, steps to insert audio/ sound
• Animation, steps to apply custom animation effects, steps to change the orientation while printing slide, different types of transition effects available, different types of theme design available, steps to insert text box in blank slide
• Steps to apply transition, steps to apply design for presentation, steps to insert WordArt, different views

Computer application: Unit 03

• Advantages of tally, create company in tally, options available under company info menu, two ledger accounts automatically created, different types of vouchers, steps to create ledgers, steps to display ledger, steps to alter ledger
• Steps to delete the ledger, key used to change date, key combination used to change period, steps to select/ open company, steps to alter company details, steps to shut/ close company, steps to delete company, steps to create voucher entries, day book
• Steps to display day book, steps to alter voucher, steps to delete voucher, what is backup?, what is restore?, trial balance, steps to display trial balance, profit and loss account, steps to display profit and loss account, balance sheet
• Steps to display balance sheet

Computer application: Unit 04

• Meaning of e-commerce, features of e-commerce, e-commerce-business models, e-banking, popular services covered under e-banking, advantages of e-banking, Meaning of e-ticketing (electronic ticket), advantages of e-ticketing
• Meaning of e-shopping (online shopping), advantages of online-shopping, disadvantages of online shopping

Computer organization and operating system: Unit 01

• Computer network: What is computer network, uses of computer network, advantages, characteristics of network. What is data transmission, data communication
• Types of networks (basic information): LAN, MAN, WA, wired network, wireless network, topologies, physical, logical, linear BUS, ring, star, hybrid topologies, mesh topologies

Computer organization and operating system: Unit 02

• Servers: What are servers?, different types of servers, dedicated, non dedicated, file servers, mail servers, print servers, web servers, proxy servers, network servers, workstations, clients, nodes, client server architecture, domains, workgroup
• Servers: Peer to peer network, internet and intranets, EDI, Protocol-FTP-TCP/ IP (advantages and features)

Computer organization and operating system: Unit 03

• Cables (give basic definitions), classification of cables, types of cables: Coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, fibre optic cable, hubs, repeaters, switches, NIC, ethernet cards, connectors-BNC, RJ-11, RJ-45, fiberline drivers, gateways, routers, bridges

Web technology: Unit 01

• File, record, entity, attributes
• Types of users: (i) Naive users, (ii) online users, (iii) application programmer, (iv) database administrator
• 3-level architectural proposal: (i) Internal level, (ii) conceptual level, (iii) external level
• Characteristics of DBMS, advantages and disadvantages of DBMS
• Data independence (logical and physical) schema data abstraction data redundancy
• Data integrity: Database security, privacy of data. Preserving policies of the organization, system related security level, database integrity access control relational model definition of relation key concept: Super key (with eg)
• Data integrity: Database integrity access control relational model definition of relation key concept: Primary key candidate key, composite key, secondary key, foreign key
• Integrity rule: Integrity rule 1-entity integrity, integrity rule 2-referential integrity, domain-integrity. Null value concept. Database design schema subschema, entity-relationship data model (E-R model): (i) Library, (ii) payroll, (iii) banking
• Integrity rule: Entity-relationship data model (E-R model): (iv) Admission of students, (v) hospital management

Web technology: Unit 02

• MYSQL basic: (a) Introduction to MYSQL, (b) installation, (c) the MySQL commands: Select , insert, update, delete, index, alter, create, drop, Exit, quit, shutdown, file, copy, limit, (d) data types: Text, numbers, date and time
• MYSQL basic: (e) Numeric types: Tinyint, mediumint, integer, smallint, bigint, float, double, (f) string types: Char, varchar, tinytext, mediumtext, longtext, (g) arithmetic operators. Comparison operators, logical operators
• MYSQL basic: (h) Query commands-select, where, distinct, group by, aving, update in like, order by, between, select data, inner join, outer join, union

Web technology: Unit 03

• MYSQL advanced and PHP basic: Functions-(a) math functions: Abs(), ceiling, floor(), greatest, least(), rand(), round(), sign(), sqrt(), truncate(), (b) aggregate function: Avg(), count(), min(), max(), sum(), (c) string functions: ASCII), concat()
• MYSQL advanced and PHP basic: Functions-(c) string functions: Chat().insert(), lower(), left() length(), ltrim()repeat(), reverse(), right(), rtrim(), stremp(), substring(), trim(), upper(), (d) date and time function: Curdate(), curtime(), date_add()
• MYSQL advanced and PHP basic: Functions-(d) date and time function: Date_format(), date_sub(), dayofweek(), dayofmonth(), dateofyear(), dayname(), month(), monthname(), now(), period_ add(), period_diff(), hour(), minute(), second() to_days()
• MYSQL advanced and PHP basic: Functions-(e) trigger and views (only theory concept) Ref. MYSQL by Larry Ullman, (f) views: Diff between view and a table
• Introduction to PHP: Beginning and ending block of PHP, statement tag style, standard tags, script tags, print, use of echo, adding comments to PHP code, variables dynamic variables, data types integer, whole number, double, string, Boolean, array
• Introduction to PHP: Arithmetic operator, comparisons operator, the concatenation operator, operator assignment, precedence of operator, the if statement if else clause, switch statement for loop, while, do while loop function, global variable
• Introduction to PHP: Creating an array, defining arrays with array(), associative arrays, looping through an array, getting Form values, validating functions for numeric, character, email

Web technology: Unit 04

• Including files with file include (/ require, the $ GET variable, the $ POST variable file upload, types of error, PHP session, variables, opening a file, fopen(), fclose(), the file may be opened in one of the following modes: Modes description
• R: Read only. Starts at the beginning of the file
• R+: Read/ write. Starts at the beginning of the file
• W: Write only. Opens and clears the contents of file or creates a new file if it doesn't exist
• W: Read/ write. Opens and clears the contents of file; or creates a new file if it doesn't exist
• A: Append. Opens and writes to the end of the file or creates a new file if it doesn't exist
• A+: Read/ append. Preserves file content by writing to the end of the file
• X: Write only. Creates a new file. Returns FALSE and an error if file already exists

Banking-II: Unit 01

• Introduction of banking regulations, rationale of banking regulations and functions of RBI
• Tools of money control-cash reserve ratio, statutory liquidity ratio, bank rate, open market operation, selective credit control
• RBI general guidelines on selective credit control, priority sector advances, restrictions on bank lending

Banking-II: Unit 02

• Introduction: (i) General relationship between banker and customer, primary and secondary general relationship, subsidiary general relationship-various subsidiary relationship
• Introduction: (ii) Special relationship between a banker and a customer-features of special relationship-bankers obligation, bankers rights

Banking-II: Unit 03

• Meaning of loans and advances
• Secured loan
• Unsecured loan
• Importance of lending: (i) For the bank, (ii) for development of the economy, (iii) for the monetary system, (iv) for the society, (v) principle of lending, safety and security principle, risk diversification principle, (vi) profitability principle
• Importance of lending: (vii) Liquidity principle, (viii) loan purpose principle
• Contract of indemnity and contract of guarantee
• Loans: Advantages and disadvantages
• Types of loan: (i) Short term, (ii) term, (iii) bridge loan, (iv) composite loan, (v) consumption loan
• Classification of loans and advance: Secured advance-(i) lien, (ii) pledge, (iii) mortgage, (iv) hypothecation

Banking-II: Unit 04

• Objectives of agricultural finance, indirect finance, direct finance, types of agricultural finance, lending procedure, guidelines for recovery of loan, sources of funds

Banking-II: Unit 05

• Fee based banking services-cards, commissions, capital market advisory, demand draft and pay orders guarantees, account related fees, lockers

Banking-II: Unit 06

• Meaning of e-banking, characteristics of e-banking, benefits of e-banking, drawbacks of e-banking, forms of e-banking, ATM-features, advantages, disadvantages, credit card-features, advantages, disadvantages, debit card-functions, advantages
• Debit card-disadvantages, guidelines to a debit card holder, distinguish between credit card and debit card, mobile banking-advantages, disadvantages, NEFT, RTGS, difference between NEFT and RTGS

Marketing management: Unit 01

• Concepts, features, types of salesmanship, merits demerits, importance-utility to producers, consumers, society
• Factors: (a) Personality of salesman-qualities of good salesman-physical, mental, social, character. (b) Product knowledge-meaning importance and sources of acquiring product knowledge. (c) Psychology of customers-meaning and definitions of buying motives
• Factors: (c) Psychology of customers-meaning of selling points-sizing up customers-essentials of effective selling

Marketing management: Unit 02

• Meaning of presentation
• Essentials of good presentation
• Meaning of demonstration, essentials of good demonstration, merits of demonstration
• Meaning of objections, different types of objections, reasons for raising the objections, of excuse
• Methods of handling objections-direct denial method, boomerang, reverse position method, indirect denial method, question or interrogation method
• Procedure for handling objections

Marketing management: Unit 03

• Meaning and definition of services, reasons for growth of service markets, features of services, classification of services-(a) consumer services, (b) industrial services
• Problems faced by the service organization

Marketing management: Unit 04

• Introduction, meaning types of tourism-6 types-recreational, cultural, historical, ethnic, environmental, adventure
• Classification of tourism-domestic and international tourism
• Meaning of tourist, tourist regulation-passport and visa requirements, special permits, custom regulation
• Meaning of tourism marketing, definition of tourism marketing
• Marketing tools, advertising and sales promotion, tourist literature, public relation in tourism
• Ecotourism, problems in tourism

Marketing management: Unit 05

• Meaning of retail travel agent, role of travel agency, functions of modern travel agency
• Meaning of inclusive of tours by charters (ITC), international air transport association (IATA), student international travel agent (SITA)
• Meaning of hospitality, meaning of accommodation, meaning and evolution of hotels, major hotel chain in India
• Types of hotels-International, resorts, pensions, commercial
• Heritage hotels
• Hotel front office and reception-meaning and functions of receptionist, check in, check out, housekeeping

Insurance-II: Unit 01

• Meaning of fire, direct consequences of fire, standard fire policy, covers provided under fire policy, excluded losses, perils and properties, uniform policy condition, type of policies, conditions

Insurance-II: Unit 02

• Meaning and definition of marine insurance, nature and need of marine insurance, marine underwriting, types of marine policies, types of packing, marine losses, marine claims-procedure for settlement of cargo claim and particular average claim

Insurance-II: Unit 03

• Meaning of miscellaneous insurance, growth of miscellaneous insurance
• Provisions of motor vehicle act 1939-objectives, features, motor accident claim tribunals-meaning, covers and policies, types of motor insurance policies
• Insurance of persons-types of policies: (i) Personal accident insurance, (ii) Janata personal accident insurance, (iii) Gramin personal accident insurance, (iv) personal accident insurance for school going children
• Insurance of persons-types of policies: (v) Air travel personal accident insurance, (vi) health insurance
• Insurance of property-types of policies: (i) Money in transit policy, (ii) all risk insurance policy, (iii) domestic multi risk policy, (iv) jewellers block insurance, (v) loss prevention association of India, (vi) Bhagyashree child welfare policy

Insurance-II: Unit 04

• Sections of policy document
• Privileges: (i) Days of grace, (ii) suicide clause, (iii) revival of lapsed policy, (iv) non forfeiture regulations, (v) accident benefit, (vi) disability benefit, (vii) extended disability benefit: Nomination, assignment
• Privileges: (vii) Extended disability benefit: Distinguish between nomination and assignment
• Salary saving scheme: Advantages, pre-requisites, authority letter, demand list

Insurance-II: Unit 05

• Premium: (i) Tabular premium, (ii) risk premium, (iii) level premium, (iv) office premium, (v) extra premium
• Bonus: (i) Simple reversionary bonus, (ii) compound reversionary bonus, (iii) tontine bonus, (iv) interim bonus, (v) vested bonus, (vi) final (additional) bonus

Insurance-II: Unit 06

• Insurance act 1938, life insurance corporation act 1956, insurance regulatory and development act 1999 (IRDA), consumer protection act 1938 (COPA), ombudsman, married women property act 1874 (MWPA)
• Exchange control regulation Methods of premium payment by non resident policy holder, Export of police

Accountancy (vocational): Unit 01

• Meaning and definition of depreciation, causes of depreciation, objectives of providing for depreciation, factors influencing amount of depreciation, methods of charging depreciation, fixed instalment method, reducing balance method
• Revaluation method and depletion method, proforma of asset account with any three items in it

Accountancy (vocational): Unit 02

• Introduction of partnership, meaning and definition of partnership, features of partnership, meaning of partnership deed, contents of partnership deed, methods of maintaining capital accounts, fixed and fluctuating capital method
• Meaning of profit and loss appropriation account and proforma
• Partnership final accounts; meaning of trading, profit and loss account and balance sheet and specimens, accounting treatment of adjustments

Accountancy (vocational): Unit 03

• Introduction, reasons for admission of a partner, meaning of goodwill, method of calculation of goodwill: Average profits method, accounting treatment of goodwill, meaning of sacrifice ratio
• Method of calculation of goodwill: Proforma of revaluation account (profit and loss adjustment account)

Accountancy (vocational): Unit 04

• Introduction, reasons for retirement of a partner, meaning of gain/ benefit ratio, mode of settlement of accounts of retiring/ deceased partner, distinction between retirement of a partner and death of a partner

Accountancy (vocational): Unit 05

• Introduction, circumstances leading to the dissolution of a firm, effects of dissolution, legal provisions for dissolution-meaning, proforma of realization account

Accountancy (vocational): Unit 06

• Meaning and examples of non-trading concerns, meaning and features of receipts and payments account, capital and revenue receipts and payments, meaning and features of income and expenditure account
• Difference between receipts and payments account and income and expenditure account, meaning of donation, legacy, entrance fees, life membership fees, honorarium, donations for specific purpose, proforma of receipts and payments account
• Income and expenditure account

Business administration: Unit 01

• Introduction
• Types of persons working in an office
• Features of work culture
• Office work culture and changing nature of office work
• Recruitment of employees-meaning
• Sources of recruitment-internal and external, modern methods of recruitment

Business administration: Unit 02

• Types of services
• Introduction of professional services
• Store-keeping: Meaning ,types ,objectives and functions
• Entertainment services: Meaning ,entertainment marketing, reasons behind marketing, promotion mix of entertainment marketing

Business administration: Unit 03

• Qualities of HRM: Personal, social and professional qualities
• Employee training: Importance
• Meaning and definition of terms: Promotion, transfer, training, separation, layoff, discharge, resignation or quit, retirement and absenteeism
• Meaning of recruitment: Purpose and importance
• Recruitment process and principles of promotion

Business administration: Unit 04

• Phases in e-payment
• Requirements of e-payments
• Modes of electronic payments: Credit card, debit card, smart card, e-money and electronic fund transfer (EFT)
• Definition of webpage: Full form of abbreviations, HTML, HTTP, and URL
• Procedure of online shopping
• E-trading: Advantages and disadvantages

Business administration: Unit 05

• Meaning of information management
• Stages in information management
• Meaning of identity and access management
• Stages in identity and access management
• Meaning of content management: Object and essentials

Business administration: Unit 06

• Services in tourism: Formal and informal
• Types of activities
• Souvenir sellers in open-air stalls
• Meaning of travel agency: Basic qualities of personnel working in travel agency
• Factors that are important
• Operations of travel agency: Ticketing, booking and cancellations, special services, international ticketing
• Meaning of tour operator-functions
• Planning a tour: Parameters to be considered while planning a tour-interest, time of visit, duration, pace and budget
• Sources of information: Government agencies, department of tourism
• Categories under which information is available with department of tourism
• Railways and the main activities of railways

Business administration: Unit 07

• Meaning of public finance
• Sources of public revenue
• Classification of sources of public revenue: Tax revenue and non-tax revenue
• Tax revenue-direct and indirect taxes
• Non tax revenue-meaning and administrative revenue
• Characteristics of taxation
• Meaning and definition of public expenditure
• Objectives of public expenditure
• Canons or principles of public expenditure
• Meaning of demand and supply

Business administration: Unit 08

• Introduction and meaning of sales management
• Meaning of advertising
• Distinguish between advertising and salesmanship
• Objectives of advertising
• Important media of advertisement
• Meaning of sales promotion: Methods of sales promotion
• Personal qualities of salesman

Cookery: Unit 01

Cookery: Unit 02

Cookery: Unit 03

Cookery: Unit 04

Office administration: Unit 01

• Meaning of manager
• Functions of manager
• Duties of manager in the workplace
• Meaning of accountant
• Job duties of accountant
• Responsibilities of accountant in detail
• Meaning of superintendent
• Duties of office superintendent
• Meaning of chief executive officer
• Duties and responsibilities of chief executive officer
• Meaning of cashier
• Job duties and responsibilities of cashier
• Meaning of office clerk
• Duties and task of office clerk

Office administration: Unit 02

• Meaning and definition of leadership
• Qualities of a good leader
• Factors influencing leadership styles
• Types of leadership styles: (i) Autocratic leadership-meaning, advantages and disadvantages, (ii) Laissez faire leadership-meaning, advantages and disadvantages, (iii) participative leadership-meaning, advantages and disadvantages
• New styles of leadership: (i) Situational leadership style-only meaning, (ii) transformational leadership-only meaning, (iii) transactional leadership-only meaning

Office administration: Unit 03

• Meaning of team and group
• Difference between work group and team
• Meaning of teamwork
• Importance of teamwork
• Task of the team leader
• Four stages of team development: (i) Forming-only meaning, (ii) storming-only meaning, (iii) norming-only meaning, (iv) performing-only meaning
• Qualities of a ideal team

Office administration: Unit 04

• Meaning of sales letter
• Importance of sales letter in business
• Meaning of AIDA-star chain hook
• Common sets of appeals by writers of sales letters
• Purposes of sales letters
• Planning of sales letters-the six stages
• Meaning of follow-up sales letter
• Meaning of circulars and multiple letters

Office administration: Unit 05

• Types of grievances
• Meaning of a consumer
• Procedure for redressal of consumer grievances
• Important redressal laws
• Meaning of the right to information
• Meaning and definition of information
• Procedure for right to information act

Office administration: Unit 06

• Meaning of interview
• Types of interview: (i) Telephone interview-only meaning, (ii) job promotion interview-only meaning, (iii) appraisal interview-only meaning, (iv) stress interview-only, meaning, (v) panel interview-only meaning, (vi) online interview-only meaning
• Types of interview: (vii) Grievance interview-only meaning, (viii) exit interview-only meaning, (ix) problem interview-only meaning, (x) selection interview-meaning, four types of selection interview, (xi) reprimand interview-only meaning
• Candidates preparation before interview

Office administration: Unit 07

• Definition of a service
• Categories of services-primary, secondary, and tertiary
• Classification of tertiary services
• Definition of customer service
• Characteristics of good customer service
• Types of customer service
• Functions of customer services
• Seven essentials to excellent customer service: (i) skills for excellent customer service

Principles and practice of auditing: Unit 01

• Vouching of cash transactions: Meaning, definition of vouchers, points to be noted while examining vouchers-internal check as regards to cash, meaning of vouching
• Vouching of debit side of cash book: Opening balances, cash sales, receipt from debtors, teeming and lading method of fraud– income from interest, dividend, rent received, sale of investments, sale of fixed assets
• Vouching of credit side of cash book: Payments to creditors, wages-chances of frauds and errors in wages-auditor’s duties as regards to wages-loans, salaries, travelling allowance, insurance premium, bank account, partners drawings, advertising
• Vouching of credit side of cash book: Expenses-capital expenditure-freehold/ leasehold property and building, plant and machinery, patents

Principles and practice of auditing: Unit 02

• Internal check as regards to purchases, duty of an auditor in connection with credit purchases, internal check as regards to sales, duty of an auditor with regards to credit sales

Principles and practice of auditing: Unit 03

• Verification and valuation of assets and liabilities: Meaning, problems in valuation of assets, fixed assets, mode in valuation of fixed assets, floating or current assets and the mode of their valuation, wasting assets, intangible assets
• Verification and valuation of assets and liabilities: Valuation of intangible assets, auditors position as regards to valuation of assets
• Verification and valuation of assets and liabilities: Cash in hand, cash at bank, loans against security of land and property, valuation of fixed assets, book debts, patents, copyrights, plant and machinery
• Verification of liabilities: Trade creditors, outstanding expenses, contingent liability

Principles and practice of auditing: Unit 04

• Meaning, basic elements of an audit report, essentials/ characteristics of audit report, types of audit report-qualified, unqualified
• Meaning of audit certificate-distinction between audit report and audit certificate

Principles and practice of auditing: Unit 05

• Meaning of EDP (electronic data processing), advantages of EDP system in auditing, problems in an EDP Environment