NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 14 Ecosystem

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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 14 Ecosystem

Edited By Priyanka kumari | Updated on Aug 26, 2022 03:40 PM IST

NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 14 is a wide, yet scoring topic that revolves around different interactions between biotic and abiotic factors of nature known as the ecosystem. NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 14 have been prepared by experts and professionals that have studied Biology over years. The experts have made a great attempt at providing students with solutions of NCERT in one of the easiest and convenient methods understandable by students. The solutions given here are well-reviewed and reliable for Board exams and are aligned according to the guidelines provided by CBSE. NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 14 pdf download is one of the most convenient ways for 12 Class students to access the study material online as well as offline for best guidance.

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Introduction to NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 14 Ecosystem
Multiple Choice Questions:
Very Short Answer Type Questions:
Short Answer Type Questions:
Long Answer Type Questions:
Major Subtopics in NCERT Exemplar class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 14 Ecosystem:
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 14 Ecosystem – Learning Outcomes
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Chapter Wise Links:
Important Topics in NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions:
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions Subject Wise:

Introduction to NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 14 Ecosystem

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question:1

Decomposers like fungi and bacteria are:
i. autotrophs
ii. heterotrophs
iii. saprotrophs
iv. chemo-autotrophs.
Choose the correct answer:
(a) i and iii, (b) i and iv (c) ii and iii, (d) i and ii

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) (ii) and (iii)
Explanation: Decomposers depend on other organisms for food. Hence, they are heterotrophs. They obtain nutrients by decomposing the detritus and hence are called saprotrophs.

Question:2

The process of mineralization by microorganisms helps in the release of:
a. inorganic nutrients from humus
b. both organic and inorganic nutrients from detritus
c. organic nutrients from humus
d. inorganic nutrients from detritus and formation of humus.

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) inorganic nutrients from humus
Explanation: The term mineralization means formation of inorganic minerals. Here, microorganisms instead of laboratory methods are carrying out the process.

Question:

Productivity is the rate of production of biomass expressed in terms of:

i. (kcal m–3) yr–1
ii. g–2 yr–1
iii. g–1 yr–1
iv. (kcal m–2) yr–1

(a) ii, (b) iii, (c) ii and iv, (d) i and iii

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) (ii) and (iv)

Question:4

An inverted pyramid of biomass can be found in which the ecosystem?
a. Forest
b. Marine
c. Grassland
d. Tundra

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Marine
Explanation: In marine environment, the size of fish is much bigger than phytoplankton. Hence, we get an inverted biomass pyramid in marine ecosystem.

Question:5

Which of the following is not a producer?
a. Spirogyra
b. Agaricus
c. Volvox
d. Nostoc

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Agaricus
Explanation: Agaricus belongs to fungi and hence are saprotrophs, while others belong to algae, which are autrotrophs.

Question:6

Which of the following ecosystems is most productive in terms of net primary production?
a. Deserts
b. Tropical rain forests
c. Oceans
d. Estuaries

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Tropical rain forests
Explanations: Tropical rain forests have high population density of green plants. Hence, net primary productions are maximum in such conditions.

Question:7

Pyramid of numbers is:
a. Always upright
b. Always inverted
c. Ether upright or inverted
d. Neither upright nor inverted.

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Ether upright or inverted
Explanation: Number of predators can be more than number of producers, as in case of insects taking food from a tree. This will present an inverted number pyramid. Small number of herbivores feeding on large number of plants will give an upright number pyramid.

Question:8

Approximately how much of the solar energy that falls on the leaves of a plant is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis?
a. Less than 1%
b. 2-10%
c. 30%
d. 50%

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) 2-10%

Question:9

Among the following, where do you think the process of decomposition would be the fastest?
a. Tropical rain forest
b. Antarctic
c. Dry arid region
d. Alpine region

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) Tropical rain forest
Explanation: There is ambient temperature, good moisture and plenty of sugar in detritus in tropical rain forest. Due to this, rate of decomposition would be fast.

Question:10

How much of the net primary productivity of a terrestrial ecosystem is eaten and digested by herbivores?
a. 1%
b. 10%
c. 40%
d. 90%

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) 10%
Explanation: This obeys the law of 10%

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

Name an organism found as a secondary carnivore in an aquatic ecosystem.

Answer:

Shark

Question:2

What does the base tier of the ecological pyramid represent?

Answer:

Producers

Question:3

Under what conditions would a particular stage in the process of succession revert to an earlier stage?

Answer:

Under natural or human-induced disturbances, a particular stage in the process of succession would revert to an earlier stage.

Question:4

Arrange the following as observed in vertical stratification of a forest: Grass, Shrubby plants, Teak, Amaranths.

Answer:

. Teak → Amaranths → Shrubby plants →Grass

Question:5

Name an omnivore which occurs in both grazing food chain and the decomposer food chain.

Answer:

Crow

Question:6

Justify the pitcher plant as a producer.

Answer:

Pitcher plant contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis. It feeds on insect only to obtain nitrogen from them. Hence, a pitcher plant is a producer.

Question:7

Name any two organisms which can occupy more than one trophic level in an ecosystem.

Answer:

Sparrow: It is a primary consumer when it feeds on grains but becomes a secondary consumer when it feeds on worms and insects.
Human: On similar lines, the human being is a primary consumer when it feeds on grains and pulses but becomes a secondary consumer when it feeds on a lamb.

Question:8

In the North East region of India, during the process of jhum cultivation, forests are cleared by burning and left for regrowth after a year of cultivation. How would you explain the regrowth of forest in the ecological term?

Answer:

In this case, regrowth of forests is an example of ecological succession. After clearing of forests, the conditions become xerarch which proceeds to mesarch condition after the growth of forests.

Question:9

Climax stage is achieved quickly in secondary succession as compared to primary succession. Why?

Answer:

Soil becomes available after primary succession. It provides an ideal condition for the growth of bigger plants. Secondary succession can be obtained quickly as compared to primary
Succession. Hence, the climax is also reached more quickly.

Question:10

Among bryophytes, lichens and fern which one is a pioneer species in a xeric succession?

Answer:

Lichens are considered as a pioneer species in a xeric succession.

Question:11

What is the ultimate source of energy for the ecosystems?

Answer:

Sun is the ultimate source of energy for the ecosystems.

Question:12

Is the common edible mushroom an autotroph or a heterotroph?

Answer:

The common edible mushroom is a Heterotroph.

Question:13

Why are oceans least productive?

Answer:

Availability of solar radiation is least in oceans, especially in deep oceans. Due to this, oceans are the least productive.

Question:14

Why is the rate of assimilation of energy at the herbivore level called secondary productivity?

Answer:

Secondary productivity is the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers. The consumers get raw materials for this purpose from producers, which is made possible through assimilation. Due to this, the rate assimilation of energy at the herbivore level is called secondary productivity.

Question:15

Why are nutrient cycles in nature called biogeochemical cycles?

Answer:

Nutrients are cycled through biotic components as well as through abiotic components. The term 'bio' shows biotic components, while 'geo' shows abiotic components. Hence, the nutrient cycles in nature are called biogeochemical cycles.

Question:16

Give any two examples of xerarch succession.

Answer:

Lichen → Bryophytes → Pteridophytes → Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Lichen → Moss → Ferns → Cycas → Grasses

Question:17

Define self-sustainability.

Answer:

A system that is sustainable without relying on any external input is called a self-sustainable system. This ability of the system is referred to as self-sustainability. Natural ecosystems are self-sustainable.

Question:18

Given below is a figure of an ecosystem. Answer the following questions.

i. What type of ecosystem is shown in the figure?
ii. Name any plant that is characteristic of such an ecosystem.

Answer:

(a) Desert ecosystem
(b) Bushes, acacia, etc.

Question:19

What is common to the earthworm, mushroom, soil mites and dung beetle in an ecosystem?

Answer:

All of them are part of the detritus food chain.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

Organisms at a higher trophic level have less energy available. Comment.

Answer:

As per the law of 10%, just 10% of the total energy consumed by an organism at a particular trophic level is available for the organism at next trophic level. Therefore, a producer converts whatever energy into biomass; just 10% of it is available for the primary consumer. Similarly, just 10% of the energy consumed by the primary consumer is available for the secondary consumer. Due to this, organisms at a higher trophic level less energy available.

Question:2

The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem is limited Comment

Answer:

In any ecosystem, the number of trophic levels can go up to a maximum of five, and in that case, the food chain will look like the following:
Producer → Primary Consumer → Secondary Consumer → Tertiary consumer → Quaternary Consumer
Let us assume that producer captures 100 units of energy. Out of this, the producer will use 90 units, and 10 units will be available for the primary consumer. Finally, just 0.001 unit will be available for the quaternary consumer, which is a negligible amount of energy.
Hence, more trophic levels are not possible in any ecosystem.

Question:3

Is an aquarium a complete ecosystem?

Answer:

The aquarium is a man-made ecosystem, and it has its own limitations. The confined space of an aquarium cannot have an endless supply of inorganic materials for producers. For supporting even a small number of consumers, there is a need for a large number of producers, which is not possible in a small space provided in an aquarium.
One needs to provide food for the fish in the aquarium, and regular cleaning of the aquarium is also necessary. This shows that an aquarium is not a complete ecosystem because it is not self-sustainable.

Question:4

What could be the reason for the faster rate of decomposition in the tropics?

Answer:

Decomposition is largely an oxygen-requiring process. Moreover, ambient temperature and moisture are also required for this. If detritus is rich in nitrogen and water-soluble substances, then decomposition is faster. All these conditions are available in the tropical climate. Hence, there is a faster rate of decomposition in the tropics.

Question:5

Human activities interfere with the carbon cycle. List any two such activities.

Answer:

Following are the two activities, which interfere with the carbon cycle:
(a) Clearing of forests: Reduced green cover hampers carbonification and thus interferes with the carbon cycle.
(b) Burning of Fossil Fuels: Burning of fossil fuels adds carbon to the atmosphere and increases the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It also interferes with the carbon cycle.

Question:6

The flow of energy through various trophic levels in an ecosystem is unidirectional and non-cyclic. Explain.

Answer:

About 90% of the energy consumed by an organism at a particular trophic level is dissipated in the form of heat energy. This leaves just 10% for the organism at the next trophic level. By the time, it reaches the topmost trophic level; the available energy is an extremely small portion of the energy, which was originally converted by the producer. Due to this, energy flow is unidirectional through various trophic levels and is non-cyclic.

Question:7

Apart from plants and animals, microbes from a permanent biotic component in an ecosystem. While plants have been referred to as autotrophs and animals as heterotrophs, what are microbes referred to as? How do the microbes fulfil their energy requirements?

Answer:

Productivity, decomposition, energy flow and nutrient cycling are integral features of any ecosystem. Plants and animals play important roles in productivity. While some microbes play a role in productivity as some of the microbes are autotrophs, e.g. some algae and some chemosynthetic bacteria. Most of the microbes are heterotrophs. Parasitic microbes get nutrition from the host on which they depend. Many microbes are saprotrophs. They get nutrition from detritus, i.e. they are an important part of the detritus food chain.

Question:8

Poaching of the tiger is a burning issue in today's world. What implication would this activity have on the functioning of the ecosystem of which the tigers are an integral part?

Answer:

Tigers are at the top of the food pyramid in the forest ecosystem and are tertiary consumers. A tertiary consumer helps in checking the uncontrolled population growth of secondary and primary consumers. If all tigers are killed, then no animal will be left to control the population of herbivores. This will result in quick exhaustion of producers. Finally, in the absence of producers, the herbivores will die because of starvation. This will destroy the whole ecosystem.

Question:9

In relation to energy transfer in the ecosystem, explain the statement "10kg of deer's meat is equivalent to 1 kg of lion's flesh".

Answer:

We know that just 10% of the energy consumed at a trophic level is available for the next trophic level. Here 10 kg of deer's meat means 10kg of biomass at the level of primary consumer. Out of this, the deer for its own needs utilizes 90%. Rest 10%, i.e. just 1 kg, is available for the lion. Hence, it is correct to say that 10 kg of deer's meat is equivalent to 1 kg of lion's flesh.

Question:10

Primary productivity varies from ecosystem to ecosystem. Explain?

Answer:

Primary productivity is the biomass produced per unit area over a time period by photosynthesis. In simple terms, we can say that it is the amount of biomass produced by green plants in a particular ecosystem. Plant population varies from one ecosystem to another. The number of plants is higher in tropical rainforests compared to in deserts. Therefore, primary productivity would be much higher in tropical rainforests than in deserts. This shows that primary productivity varies from one ecosystem to another ecosystem.

Question:11

Sometimes, due to biotic/abiotic factor, the climax remains in a particular seral stage (pre-climax) without reaching climax. Do you agree with this statement? If yes, give a suitable example.

Answer:

This entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area is called sere (s). All the biotic and abiotic factors play a crucial role in this transition process and thus enable a community to reach the climax. If biotic and abiotic factors are not supportive enough for the climax, then the community may remain in a particular seral stage without reaching the climax.
Presence of sparse vegetation at Tabletop Mountain can be one example of a community in the seral stage. The community at the tabletop mountain may be in a stage in which only ferns and mosses may be present. In due course of time, it would pave the way for higher plants.

Question:12

What is an incomplete ecosystem? Explain with the help of a suitable example.

Answer:

An ecosystem, which is devoid of certain biotic or abiotic factors, is called an incomplete ecosystem. An incomplete ecosystem cannot be a self-sustaining ecosystem. The aquarium is a good example of an incomplete ecosystem.
The aquarium may be having producers and consumers, but it does not have decomposers. Lack of decomposers necessitates frequent cleaning of the aquarium.

Question:13

What are the shortcomings of ecological pyramids in the study of the ecosystem?

Answer:

Following are the shortcomings of ecological pyramids:

It does not consider the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels.
It assumes the simple food chain. However, a simple food chain never exists in nature. It is the complex food web which exists in nature.
A food pyramid does not consider the decomposers. But the fact is, decomposers play an important role in the nutrient cycle.

Question:14

How do you distinguish between humification and mineralization?

Answer:

Both humification and mineralization are important aspects of the detritus food chain. Humification leads to the formation of a dark-coloured amorphous substance called humus, while decomposition leads to the formation of inorganic compounds from organic matter.
Mineralization results in a complete breakdown of organic compounds into inorganic compounds, which is not the case with humification.

Question:15

Fill in the trophic levels (1, 2, 3 and 4) in the boxes provided in the figure.

Answer:

1: Producer, 2: Primary Consumer, 3: Secondary Consumer, 4: Tertiary Consumer.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

A farmer harvests his crop and expresses his harvest in three different ways.
a. I have harvested 10 quintals of wheat.
b. I have harvested 10 quintals of wheat today in one acre of land.
c. I have harvested 10 quintals of wheat in one acre of land, 6 months after sowing.
Do the above statements mean the same thing? If your answer is yes, give reasons. And if your answer is no, explain the meaning of each expression.

Answer:

No, they do not mean the same thing.

The first statement implies only the quantity of biomass produced, but it does not comment on the duration and area in which it was produced.
The second statement implies the quantity and area, but it does not comment on the duration in which it was produced.
The third statement provides the quantity, area, and duration; and this information can be used to calculate primary productivity in the farm: in term of biomass produced.

Question:2

Justify the following statement in terms of ecosystem dynamics. "Nature tends to increase the gross primary productivity, while man tends to increase the net primary productivity".

Answer:

Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is the rate of production of organic matter in an ecosystem. We get Net Primary Productivity (NPP) on removing respiratory losses (R) from GPP. Nature contributes various factors (biotic and abiotic) to improve the GPP. In other terms, nature tends to increase GPP.
With various agriculture practices, human beings try to increase the NPP. For instance – consider a fruit which is left on the tree for a longer time. Such a fruit will contribute to higher respiratory losses (R). Over the millenniums, human beings have come up with better agricultural practices to reduce the respiratory losses.

Question:3

Which of the following ecosystems will be more productive in terms of primary productivity? Justify your answer. A young forest, a natural old forest, a shallow polluted lake, and alpine meadow.

Answer:

A young forest will have a lower tree density and thus, lower primary productivity. Shallow polluted lake may also have a lower density of flora due to toxicity from pollution. An Alpine meadow is full of grass and thus, a lower tree density.
A natural old forest can be considered a community which has reached climax. It must have a higher tree density and thus a higher level of primary productivity compared to a young forest, a shallow polluted lake, or an alpine meadow.

Question:4

What are the three types of ecological pyramids? What information is conveyed by each pyramid with regard to structure, function, and energy in the ecosystem?

Answer:

Following are the three types of ecological pyramids: -

Pyramid of Numbers: It is arranged from the lower trophic levels at the bottom to higher trophic levels above and shows the number of individuals at each level. Mostly, these pyramids have a wider base (higher producer population).
Pyramid of Biomass: It is arranged from the lower trophic levels at the bottom to higher trophic levels above and shows the biomass (dry weight) at each level. Mostly, these pyramids have a wider base (higher producer population).
Pyramid of Energy: It is arranged from the lower trophic levels at the bottom to higher trophic levels above and shows the energy consumed at each level. These pyramids have a wider base. Unlike the other pyramids, this can never have an inverted shape

In all pyramids, a particular trophic level represents a functional level and an organism may be present at more than a single level. Energy always flows from prey to predator and the availability of energy reduces at subsequent levels.

Question:5

Write a short note on the pyramid of numbers and a pyramid of biomass.

Answer:

Pyramid of Numbers: It is arranged from the lower trophic levels at the bottom to higher trophic levels above and shows the number of individuals at each level. Mostly, these pyramids have a wider base (higher producer population)

Pyramid of Biomass: It is arranged from the lower trophic levels at the bottom to higher trophic levels above and shows the biomass (dry weight) at each level. Mostly, these pyramids have a wider base (higher producer population).

Question:6

Given below is a list of autotrophs and heterotrophs. With your knowledge about the food chain, establish various linkages between the organisms on the principle of 'eating and being eaten'. What is this inter-linkage established known as?
Algae, hydrilla, grasshopper, rat, squirrel, crow, maize plant, deer, rabbit, lizard, wolf, snake, peacock, phytoplankton, crustaceans, whale, tiger, lion, sparrow, duck, crane, cockroach, spider, toad, fish, leopard, elephant, goat, Nymphaea, Spirogyra

Answer:

This linkage that has been established herewith is known as a food web. It pertains to the interlocking between two or more types of the food chain at several tropic levels.
Primary Producer's (Tropic level I): Algae, a maize plant, Phytoplankton, Hydrilla, Nymphaea, and Spirogyra.
Primary Consumer (Tropic level II): Squirrel, grasshopper, deer, rabbit, elephant, crustaceans, mouse, goat.
Secondly Consumer (Tropic level III): Spider, fish, wolf, snake, cockroach, lizard, toad, and crane.
Top carnivore (Tropic level IV): Lion, Tiger. They are topmost carnivores.

Question:7

"The energy flow in the ecosystem follows the second law of thermodynamics." Explain.

Answer:

The entropy of an isolated system never decreases, and such a system will proceed towards thermodynamic equilibrium. A system in thermodynamic equilibrium will have maximum entropy.
An ecosystem requires a constant supply of energy for the synthesis of molecules. Energy always flows unidirectionally in an ecosystem. This is because a reverse flow of energy will make the system unstable (non-equilibrium state). Producers get energy from the sun and become the supplier of energy to the higher trophic levels. Energy always flows from a lower trophic level to a higher one.

Question:8

What will happen to an ecosystem if:
a. All producers are removed.
b. All organisms of herbivore level are eliminated; and
c. All top carnivore population is removed

Answer:

(a) If all producers are removed from the ecosystem, primary consumers will die due to lack of food. In turn, the secondary and tertiary consumers will also become extinct as they will also lose their source of nutrients. Essentially, the ecosystem will end.
(b) If all herbivores (primary consumers) are eliminated from an ecosystem, secondary and tertiary consumers will die due to lack of food. Plants (producers) will see an exponential growth for some time, but as other biotic factors are absent, the biogeochemical cycle will stop. All of this will lead to the end of the ecosystem.
(c) If all carnivores (secondary and tertiary consumers) vanish from the ecosystem, the population of herbivores will see an exponential growth. Their nutrient requirement will lead to overgrazing and the plant(producer) population will die. Eventually, the decreasing population of producers will be unable to support the nutrient requirement of herbivores and they will also die due to starvation.

Question:9

Give two examples of artificial or man-made ecosystems. List the salient features by which they differ from natural ecosystems.

Answer:

Natural Ecosystem

Develops without human intervention.
Many natural ecosystems are spanned over huge areas.
Nutrients are replenished through biogeochemical cycles.
Populations of producers and consumers are in proper balance.
They are self-sustaining

Man-made Ecosystem

Needs human intervention to develop.
Man-made ecosystems span limited area.
Nutrients are replenished by humans, e.g. synthetic fertilizers, feed in aquarium, etc.
Populations of producers and consumers are not in proper balance.
They are not self-sustaining.

Question:10

The biodiversity increases when one moves from the pioneer to the climax stage. What could be the explanation?

Answer:

A rich diversity of flora which can support a larger and diverse consumer set will lead to greater biodiversity of a community.
Lichens, Bryophytes and Pteridophytes are the main plants in the pioneer stage. As these plants do not produce enough food to sustain a diverse fauna, there would be limited biodiversity.
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms become abundant when a community reaches its climax and as they produce enough food to sustain a diverse fauna, biodiversity in such communities will be higher.

Question:11

What will be the P/R ratio of a climax community and a pioneer community? What explanation could you offer for the changes seen in the P/R ratio of a pioneer community and the climax community?

Answer:

P/R ratio of a community is the ratio of gross production and community respiration. This can be one, less than one or more than one.
The ratio can be more or less than one in a pioneer community, but for a climax community it is equal to one. Two situations may be observed In pioneer community -
(a) P/R is more than 1: Level of respiratory loss would be less if there are few consumers, but the gross productivity is high.
(b) P/R is less than 1: Level of respiratory loss be higher than gross productivity if there is a large population of decomposers (or decomposition rate is high) P/R ratio is one for climax community. These communities are stable.

Chapter 14 of Biology deals with the functional unit of nature, called the ecosystem where different organisms interact with the outside environment as well as among themselves. Ecosystems can vary from a small pond to a whole forest. There are a number of different ecosystems existing at a time but they are all connected and linked to one another through direct or indirect relations. The NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology chapter 14 solutions covers all the important methods, structures and functions happening around us in ecosystems that are linked to one another.
Also, read - NCERT Class 12 Biology Solutions

Class 12 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 14 studies ecosystem, its input, transfer of energy and output in brief with respect to different terms and concepts introduced in this chapter. The chapter also focuses much on different relationships, cycles, and webs of energy flow existent in the ecosystem simultaneously, and how they all help each other directly or indirectly.

Major Subtopics in NCERT Exemplar class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 14 Ecosystem:

Ecosystem – Structure and Function
Productivity
Decomposition
Energy Flow
Ecological Pyramids
Ecological Succession
Succession of Plants
Nutrient Cycling
Ecosystem – Carbon Cycle
Ecosystem – Phosphorus Cycle
Ecosystem Services

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 14 Ecosystem – Learning Outcomes

Class 12 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 14 will help students to learn about different methods and processes happening around them in the ecosystem and how are all these connected and linked to one another. The chapter also teaches how the biotic and abiotic components of ecosystem regulate and balance the ecological process through maintenance of nutrient cycle and energy flow among different components of nature.

NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions are very accurate and are created under expert guidance and review that will help you to prepare for your exams perfectly. They have been thoroughly checked and reviewed by professionals of biology over years that provide a simplified approach to different concepts for better understanding and learning.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Chapter Wise Links:

Chapter 1 Reproduction In Organisms

Chapter 2 Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants

Chapter 3 Human Reproduction

Chapter 4 Reproductive Health

Chapter 5 Principles of Inheritance And Variation

Chapter 6 Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Chapter 7 Evolution

Chapter 8 Human Health and Disease

Chapter 9 Strategies For Enhancement in Food Reproduction

Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare

Chapter 11 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Chapter 12 Biotechnology and Its Applications

Chapter 13 Organisms and Populations

Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation

Chapter 16 Environmental Issues

Important Topics in NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions:

All of the important topics of chapter 14, ecosystem have been thoroughly explained and elaborated for simplified learning. Some of the important topics to learn from NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions are ecosystem, their structure, its functions, and cycles and terms of productivity, decomposition, energy flow, and nutrient cycling.

NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 14 also covers the concept of ecological succession that occurs among different communities of ecosystem and how such succession helps or affects different cycles of ecosystem.

The chapter also covers diagrammatic representation of different concepts happening around in the ecosystem and working of cycles, and webs in the ecosystem that will give students an upper hand at scoring and presentation in exams.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions Subject Wise:

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Mathematics Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions

Check NCERT solutions for questions given in the book:

Chapter 1	Reproduction in organisms
Chapter 2	Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Chapter 3	Human Reproduction
Chapter 4	Reproductive Health
Chapter 5	Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Chapter 6	Molecular basis of inheritance
Chapter 7	Evolution
Chapter 8	Human health and disease
Chapter 9	Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Chapter 10	Microbes in Human Welfare
Chapter 11	Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Chapter 12	Biotechnology and its Applications
Chapter 13	Organisms and Populations
Chapter 14	Ecosystem
Chapter 15	Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter 16	Environmental Issues

Also, Read NCERT Solution subject wise

Must Read NCERT Notes subject wise

Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

1. What are some of the important topics to cover in NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 14?

Some of the most basic and important topics to study from chapter 14, ecosystem are structures and function of ecosystem, the concept of productivity, decomposition, energy flow, relationship between different organisms at varied tropical levels of the food chain, system of ecological succession and different services provided by the ecosystem.

2. Is the chapter important from the view of Board exams?

Yes, the chapter is important from the view of Board exams and helps students to learn better with the help of proper guidance and solutions provided.

3. What is an ecosystem?

The ecosystem has been defined as the functional unit of nature that is an organization of biotic and abiotic components interacting with one another.

4. Is the material reliable and accessible offline?

Yes, the solutions have been prepared by experts of biology in simple language to aid students, and are accessible offline in the form of pdf download through NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 14 pdf download.

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Popular Questions

A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms^-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1) $0.34\; J$	Option 2) $0.16\; J$
Option 3) $1.00\; J$	Option 4) $0.67\; J$

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times. Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated. How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ? Fat supplies 3.8×10⁷J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate. Take g = 9.8 ms⁻² :

Option 1)

2.45×10⁻³ kg

Option 2)

6.45×10⁻³ kg

Option 3)

9.89×10⁻³ kg

Option 4)

12.89×10⁻³ kg

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1) $2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J$	Option 2) $200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J$
Option 3) $2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J$	Option 4) $20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J$

A particle is projected at 60⁰ to the horizontal with a kinetic energy $K$ . The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1) $K/2\,$	Option 2) $\; K\;$
Option 3) $zero\;$	Option 4) $K/4$

In the reaction,

$2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}$

Option 1) $11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole $HCL_{(aq)}$ consumed	Option 2) $6L\, HCl_{(aq)}$ is consumed for ever $3L\, H_{2(g)}$ produced
Option 3) $33.6 L\, H_{2(g)}$ is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts	Option 4) $67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, $Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$ will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1) 0.02	Option 2) 3.125 × 10^-2
Option 3) 1.25 × 10^-2	Option 4) 2.5 × 10^-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1) decrease twice	Option 2) increase two fold
Option 3) remain unchanged	Option 4) be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1) Molality	Option 2) Weight fraction of solute
Option 3) Fraction of solute present in water	Option 4) Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol^-1) is

Option 1) twice that in 60 g carbon	Option 2) 6.023 × 10²²
Option 3) half that in 8 g He	Option 4) 558.5 × 6.023 × 10²³

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t²) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m² , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1) less than 3	Option 2) more than 3 but less than 6
Option 3) more than 6 but less than 9	Option 4) more than 9

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.

4 Jobs Available

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

4 Jobs Available

Cartographer

How fascinating it is to represent the whole world on just a piece of paper or a sphere. With the help of maps, we are able to represent the real world on a much smaller scale. Individuals who opt for a career as a cartographer are those who make maps. But, cartography is not just limited to maps, it is about a mixture of art, science, and technology. As a cartographer, not only you will create maps but use various geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems to measure, analyse, and create different maps for political, cultural or educational purposes.

3 Jobs Available

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

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GIS Expert

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

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Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

3 Jobs Available

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy, IIT Kharagpur, JMI New Delhi.

3 Jobs Available

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

3 Jobs Available

Bank Probationary Officer (PO)

A career as Bank Probationary Officer (PO) is seen as a promising career opportunity and a white-collar career. Each year aspirants take the Bank PO exam. This career provides plenty of career development and opportunities for a successful banking future. If you have more questions about a career as Bank Probationary Officer (PO), what is probationary officer or how to become a Bank Probationary Officer (PO) then you can read the article and clear all your doubts.

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Operations Manager

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Data Analyst

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Finance Executive

A career as a Finance Executive requires one to be responsible for monitoring an organisation's income, investments and expenses to create and evaluate financial reports. His or her role involves performing audits, invoices, and budget preparations. He or she manages accounting activities, bank reconciliations, and payable and receivable accounts.

3 Jobs Available

Investment Banker

An Investment Banking career involves the invention and generation of capital for other organizations, governments, and other entities. Individuals who opt for a career as Investment Bankers are the head of a team dedicated to raising capital by issuing bonds. Investment bankers are termed as the experts who have their fingers on the pulse of the current financial and investing climate. Students can pursue various Investment Banker courses, such as Banking and Insurance, and Economics to opt for an Investment Banking career path.

3 Jobs Available

Bank Branch Manager

Bank Branch Managers work in a specific section of banking related to the invention and generation of capital for other organisations, governments, and other entities. Bank Branch Managers work for the organisations and underwrite new debts and equity securities for all type of companies, aid in the sale of securities, as well as help to facilitate mergers and acquisitions, reorganisations, and broker trades for both institutions and private investors.

3 Jobs Available

Treasurer

Treasury analyst career path is often regarded as certified treasury specialist in some business situations, is a finance expert who specifically manages a company or organisation's long-term and short-term financial targets. Treasurer synonym could be a financial officer, which is one of the reputed positions in the corporate world. In a large company, the corporate treasury jobs hold power over the financial decision-making of the total investment and development strategy of the organisation.

3 Jobs Available

Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.

3 Jobs Available

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

3 Jobs Available

Architect

Individuals in the architecture career are the building designers who plan the whole construction keeping the safety and requirements of the people. Individuals in architect career in India provides professional services for new constructions, alterations, renovations and several other activities. Individuals in architectural careers in India visit site locations to visualize their projects and prepare scaled drawings to submit to a client or employer as a design. Individuals in architecture careers also estimate build costs, materials needed, and the projected time frame to complete a build.

2 Jobs Available

Landscape Architect

Having a landscape architecture career, you are involved in site analysis, site inventory, land planning, planting design, grading, stormwater management, suitable design, and construction specification. Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of Central Park in New York introduced the title “landscape architect”. The Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (AILA) proclaims that "Landscape Architects research, plan, design and advise on the stewardship, conservation and sustainability of development of the environment and spaces, both within and beyond the built environment". Therefore, individuals who opt for a career as a landscape architect are those who are educated and experienced in landscape architecture. Students need to pursue various landscape architecture degrees, such as M.Des, M.Plan to become landscape architects. If you have more questions regarding a career as a landscape architect or how to become a landscape architect then you can read the article to get your doubts cleared.

2 Jobs Available

Plumber

An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

2 Jobs Available

Construction Manager

Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.

2 Jobs Available

Carpenter

Carpenters are typically construction workers. They stay involved in performing many types of construction activities. It includes cutting, fitting and assembling wood. Carpenters may help in building constructions, bridges, big ships and boats. Here, in the article, we will discuss carpenter career path, carpenter salary, how to become a carpenter, carpenter job outlook.

2 Jobs Available

Welder

An individual who opts for a career as a welder is a professional tradesman who is skilled in creating a fusion between two metal pieces to join it together with the use of a manual or fully automatic welding machine in their welder career path. It is joined by intense heat and gas released between the metal pieces through the welding machine to permanently fix it.

2 Jobs Available

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.

2 Jobs Available

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

6 Jobs Available

Veterinary Doctor

A veterinary doctor is a medical professional with a degree in veterinary science. The veterinary science qualification is the minimum requirement to become a veterinary doctor. There are numerous veterinary science courses offered by various institutes. He or she is employed at zoos to ensure they are provided with good health facilities and medical care to improve their life expectancy.

5 Jobs Available

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

5 Jobs Available

Gynaecologist

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.

4 Jobs Available

Surgical Technologist

When it comes to an operation theatre, there are several tasks that are to be carried out before as well as after the operation or surgery has taken place. Such tasks are not possible without surgical tech and surgical tech tools. A single surgeon cannot do it all alone. It’s like for a footballer he needs his team’s support to score a goal the same goes for a surgeon. It is here, when a surgical technologist comes into the picture. It is the job of a surgical technologist to prepare the operation theatre with all the required equipment before the surgery. Not only that, once an operation is done it is the job of the surgical technologist to clean all the equipment. One has to fulfil the minimum requirements of surgical tech qualifications.

Also Read: Career as Nurse

3 Jobs Available

Oncologist

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

3 Jobs Available

Dentist

Those who wish to make a dentist career in India must know that dental training opens up a universe of expert chances. Notwithstanding private practice, the present dental school graduates can pick other dental profession alternatives, remembering working in medical clinic crisis rooms, leading propelled lab examinations, teaching future dental specialists, or in any event, venturing to the far corners of the planet with International health and relief organizations.

2 Jobs Available

Health Inspector

Individuals following a career as health inspectors have to face resistance and lack of cooperation while working on the sites. The health inspector's job description includes taking precautionary measures while inspecting to save themself from any external injury and the need to cover their mouth to avoid toxic substances. A health inspector does the desk job as well as the fieldwork. Health inspector jobs require one to travel long hours to inspect a particular place.

2 Jobs Available

Actor

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.

4 Jobs Available

Acrobat

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

3 Jobs Available

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages. Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

3 Jobs Available

Talent Agent

The career as a Talent Agent is filled with responsibilities. A Talent Agent is someone who is involved in the pre-production process of the film. It is a very busy job for a Talent Agent but as and when an individual gains experience and progresses in the career he or she can have people assisting him or her in work. Depending on one’s responsibilities, number of clients and experience he or she may also have to lead a team and work with juniors under him or her in a talent agency. In order to know more about the job of a talent agent continue reading the article.

If you want to know more about talent agent meaning, how to become a Talent Agent, or Talent Agent job description then continue reading this article.

3 Jobs Available

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

3 Jobs Available

Producer

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story.

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

2 Jobs Available

Fashion Blogger

Fashion bloggers use multiple social media platforms to recommend or share ideas related to fashion. A fashion blogger is a person who writes about fashion, publishes pictures of outfits, jewellery, accessories. Fashion blogger works as a model, journalist, and a stylist in the fashion industry. In current fashion times, these bloggers have crossed into becoming a star in fashion magazines, commercials, or campaigns.

2 Jobs Available

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

2 Jobs Available

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.

5 Jobs Available

Journalist

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

3 Jobs Available

Publisher

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

3 Jobs Available

Vlogger

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. Ever since internet cost got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, the career as vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the career as vlogger, how to become a vlogger, so on and so forth then continue reading the article. Students can visit Jamia Millia Islamia, Asian College of Journalism, Indian Institute of Mass Communication to pursue journalism degrees.

3 Jobs Available

Editor

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

3 Jobs Available

Fashion Journalist

Fashion journalism involves performing research and writing about the most recent fashion trends. Journalists obtain this knowledge by collaborating with stylists, conducting interviews with fashion designers, and attending fashion shows, photoshoots, and conferences. A fashion Journalist job is to write copy for trade and advertisement journals, fashion magazines, newspapers, and online fashion forums about style and fashion.

2 Jobs Available

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.

2 Jobs Available

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

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Product Manager

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Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

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Production Manager

Production Manager Job Description: A Production Manager is responsible for ensuring smooth running of manufacturing processes in an efficient manner. He or she plans and organises production schedules. The role of Production Manager involves estimation, negotiation on budget and timescales with the clients and managers.

Resource Links for Online MBA

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QA Manager

Quality Assurance Manager Job Description: A QA Manager is an administrative professional responsible for overseeing the activity of the QA department and staff. It involves developing, implementing and maintaining a system that is qualified and reliable for testing to meet specifications of products of organisations as well as development processes.

2 Jobs Available

QA Lead

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.

2 Jobs Available

Reliability Engineer

Are you searching for a Reliability Engineer job description? A Reliability Engineer is responsible for ensuring long lasting and high quality products. He or she ensures that materials, manufacturing equipment, components and processes are error free. A Reliability Engineer role comes with the responsibility of minimising risks and effectiveness of processes and equipment.

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Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

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Corporate Executive

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ITSM Manager

ITSM Manager is a professional responsible for heading the ITSM (Information Technology Service Management) or (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) processes. He or she ensures that operation management provides appropriate resource levels for problem resolutions. The ITSM Manager oversees the level of prioritisation for the problems, critical incidents, planned as well as proactive tasks.

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Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack

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Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

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Product Manager

3 Jobs Available

IT Consultant

An IT Consultant is a professional who is also known as a technology consultant. He or she is required to provide consultation to industrial and commercial clients to resolve business and IT problems and acquire optimum growth. An IT consultant can find work by signing up with an IT consultancy firm, or he or she can work on their own as independent contractors and select the projects he or she wants to work on.

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Data Architect

A Data Architect role involves formulating the organisational data strategy. It involves data quality, flow of data within the organisation and security of data. The vision of Data Architect provides support to convert business requirements into technical requirements.

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Security Engineer

The Security Engineer is responsible for overseeing and controlling the various aspects of a company's computer security. Individuals in the security engineer jobs include developing and implementing policies and procedures to protect the data and information of the organisation. In this article, we will discuss the security engineer job description, security engineer skills, security engineer course, and security engineer career path.

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UX Architect

A UX Architect is someone who influences the design processes and its outcomes. He or she possesses a solid understanding of user research, information architecture, interaction design and content strategy.

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