NCERT Book Class 12 Physics 2025-26 FREE PDF Download

Download NCERT Book for class 12 Physics 2025-26

The NCERT Book for class 12 Physics 2025-26 is the most valid study material towards a good foundation base in Physics. The free PDF version is based on the current CBSE syllabus and NEP 2020 standards and is helpful in preparing students to take board exams, JEE, and NEET.

• NCERT 12th Physics Book - Part 1: Download Here
• NCERT 12th Physics Book - Part 2: Download Here

NCERT Book for Class 12 Physics 2025-26

The NCERT Physics book class 12, 2025-26 is organized into well structured chapters where both the basic and the advanced topics of Physics are discussed. Chapters are organized to create conceptual clarity through explanation, diagrams, and practice questions which is necessary on the board exams as well as on the competitive exams such as: JEE and NEET.

How to Download NCERT Books for Class 12 Physics PDF Free?

The steps to download NCERT Physics books for class 12th online are given below:

1. Visit the official website of NCERT, i.e. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php
2. Select the desired class and subject.
3. An NCERT 12th Physics PDF file will open on your computer screen.
4. Click on the arrow given above to download the free PDF file of the NCERT Class 12 Physics book.

Class 12 Physics NCERT Book – Chapter-wise Contents

The NCERT Physics book class 12 (2025-26) consists of two sections and of 14 chapters on fundamental aspects of electricity, magnetism, optics, modern physics, and electronics. All the chapters are logically structured with theory, solved problems, drawings, and exercise to enable students develop excellent conceptual clarity. The contents do not only equip the students with board exams, but competitive exams such as JEE and NEET.

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

Explains Coulomb’s law, electric field, flux, and Gauss’s theorem to understand electrostatics. Example: The way your hair stands up after rubbing a balloon on it shows electrostatic charges in action.

• Introduction
• Electric Charge
• Conductors and Insulators
• Basic Properties of Electric Charge
• Coulomb’s Law
• Forces between Multiple Charges
• Electric Field
• Electric Field Lines
• Electric Flux
• Electric Dipole
• Dipole in a Uniform External Field
• Continuous Charge Distribution
• Gauss’s Law
• Applications of Gauss’s Law

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Covers potential, potential energy, equipotential surfaces, and capacitors with applications. Example: Camera flash uses a capacitor to store and release electric energy instantly.

• Introduction
• Electrostatic Potential
• Potential due to a Point Charge
• Potential due to an Electric Dipole
• Potential due to a System of Charges
• Equipotential Surfaces
• Potential Energy of a System of Charges
• Potential Energy in an External Field
• Electrostatics of Conductors
• Dielectrics and Polarisation
• Capacitors and Capacitance
• The Parallel Plate Capacitor
• Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance
• Combination of Capacitors
• Energy Stored in a Capacitor

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

Discusses Ohm’s law, drift of electrons, resistivity, combination of resistors, and Kirchhoff’s rules. Example: Household wiring and electric circuits follow the same principles of resistance and current flow.

• Introduction
• Electric Current
• Electric Currents in Conductors
• Ohm’s Law
• Drift of Electrons and Origin of Resistivity
• Limitations of Ohm’s Law
• Resistivity of Various Materials
• Temperature Dependence of Resistivity
• Electrical Energy, Power
• Cells, EMF, Internal Resistance
• Cells in Series and Parallel
• Kirchhoff’s Rules
• Wheatstone Bridge

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Introduces magnetic effects of current, Biot–Savart law, Ampere’s law, and motion of charged particles in a magnetic field. Example: Loudspeakers and electric motors work due to the force on moving charges in a magnetic field.

• Introduction
• Magnetic Force
• Motion in a Magnetic Field
• Magnetic Field due to a Current Element (Biot–Savart Law)
• Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop
• Ampere’s Circuital Law
• The Solenoid
• Force between Two Parallel Currents (Ampere)
• Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole
• The Moving Coil Galvanometer

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Explains bar magnets, gauss's law for magnetism, and magnetic properties of materials. Example: A compass needle aligns itself with Earth’s magnetic field to show direction.

• Introduction
• The Bar Magnet
• Magnetism and Gauss’s Law
• Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity
• Magnetic Properties of Materials

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

Covers Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, induced emf, and self/mutual inductance. Example: Electricity is produced in power stations using generators based on electromagnetic induction.

• Introduction
• Experiments of Faraday and Henry
• Magnetic Flux
• Faraday’s Law of Induction
• Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy
• Motional Electromotive Force
• Inductance
• AC Generator

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

Focuses on AC circuits, reactance, impedance, resonance, transformers, and power in AC circuits. Example: The AC power supply at your home (220V, 50Hz in India) is used to run almost all appliances.

• Introduction
• AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor
• Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Phasors
• AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor
• AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor
• AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit
• Power in AC Circuit: Power Factor
• Transformers

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

Describes Maxwell’s equations, characteristics of EM waves, and their applications in communication. Example: Mobile phones transmit voice signals through electromagnetic waves.

• Introduction
• Displacement Current
• Electromagnetic Waves
• Electromagnetic Spectrum

Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Discusses reflection, refraction, lenses, mirrors, microscopes, and telescopes. Example: Eyeglasses and contact lenses correct vision using the principles of refraction.

• Introduction
• Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors
• Refraction
• Total Internal Reflection
• Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses
• Refraction through a Prism
• Optical Instruments

Chapter 10: Wave Optics

Explains Huygens’ principle, interference, diffraction, and polarization of light. Example: Rainbow-colored patterns seen on soap bubbles are due to light interference.

• Introduction
• Huygens Principle
• Refraction and Reflection of Plane Waves using Huygens Principle
• Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves
• Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment
• Diffraction
• Polarisation

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Introduces photoelectric effect, de Broglie waves, and experimental verification of wave-particle duality. Example: Automatic doors in malls use photoelectric sensors to detect motion.

• Introduction
• Electron Emission
• Photoelectric Effect
• Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect
• Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light
• Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation
• Particle Nature of Light: Photon
• Wave Nature of Matter

Chapter 12: Atoms

Explains Rutherford’s model, Bohr’s theory, atomic spectra, and energy levels of hydrogen. Example: Sodium lamps glow with a bright yellow light due to atomic spectra of sodium atoms.

• Introduction

• Alpha-Particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model

• Atomic Spectra
• Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
• Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom
• de Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Postulate

Chapter 13: Nuclei

Covers nuclear structure, radioactivity, nuclear binding energy, and nuclear reactions. Example: Nuclear power plants use controlled fission reactions to produce electricity.

• Introduction
• Atomic Masses and Nuclear Composition
• Size of the Nucleus
• Mass–Energy and Binding Energy
• Nuclear Force
• Radioactivity
• Nuclear Energy

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics – Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Discusses semiconductors, p–n junction, diodes, transistors, and logic gates. Example: Every smartphone and computer works because of billions of transistors on microchips.

• Introduction
• Classification of Metals, Conductors, and Semiconductors
• Intrinsic Semiconductor
• Extrinsic Semiconductor
• p-n Junction
• Semiconductor Diode
• Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics: Chapterwise

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics (2025-26) provides a detailed and chapter-by-chapter PDF that breaks down difficult topics into an easy-to-understand explanation and examples of complicated problems. These solutions are made by professionals according to the recent CBSE syllabus and are therefore best suited to board exam preparation, rapid revision and competitive exams such as JEE and NEET.

Importance of reading NCERT books for class 12th Physics

1. NCERT Class 12 books are written by experts after detailed research, and thus, these Class 12 NCERT Physics book PDFS help in giving accurate knowledge to students.
2. All the topics mentioned in the Class 12 NCERT Physics book are written in simple language for a better understanding of students.
3. NCERT 12th Physics plays a great role in clearing the fundamental concepts for students. The simple way of explanation in these books makes it easier for readers to understand.
4. The Class 12 NCERT Physics book strictly follow the CBSE curriculum. This adds to scoring high in the 12th class board exam, which proves that the NCERT class 12 Physics book PDFS are the best for scoring good marks.
5. The questions mentioned in the NCERT textbook Class 12 Physics are the sample questions that should be practised for the board exam to score high.

Steps to Purchase the NCERT book for class 12 Physics Online

NCERT has started the provision to purchase the NCERT textbook class 12 Physics online for students. To purchase the same, follow these steps :

1. Candidates can visit the official website, http://ncertbooks.ncert.gov.in/login, to purchase the Class 12 Physics books online.
2. Register online by giving the basic info. before placing the order.
3. Further, click on the link "order textbooks online" and add the NCERT textbook class 12 Physics to the cart.
4. Click on the option “proceed to payment” to pay the amount by using a credit card, debit card, or net banking through online mode.

Best Reference Books for Class 12th Physics

Students are advised to use study material as references during the preparation for the board exams. This will help them to stick to an organised schedule. Hence, it is important to have access to the best books for CBSE Class 12th. It is a known fact that the 12th NCERT Physics book is the best for CBSE 12th board preparation.

But simply mugging the NCERT 12th Physics books won’t be sufficient for the preparation. Students should be thorough with the NCERT books at least 6 months before the 12th board. This will give them ample time to consider using other reference books. Some of the best reference books for CBSE 12 Physics are listed below:

• HC Verma
• Xam Idea
• S L Arora
• Pradeep’s

These books contain plenty of conceptual questions that are frequently asked in the CBSE Class 12 boards.

NCERT Class 12 Physics Preparation Tips

1. Students need to ensure that they finish the NCERT syllabus of 12th grade based on the CBSE Class 12th marking scheme and weightage of each unit.
2. Units with high-weightage topics of physics NCERT class 12th books should be thoroughly prepared. At the same time, students must have a basic knowledge of all the chapters.
3. Solve CBSE class 12th question papers of all types. If the candidates are preparing for JEE or NEET, they can solve JEE practice questions and NEET practice questions as well. These questions include practice questions from the NCERT Book for Class 12 Physics 2024-25.
4. Students can refer to the NCERT Physics Class 12 solutions while practising questions.

NCERT Books for Class 12 Subject Wise

Also read -

• NCERT Exemplar Class 12th Physics
• NCERT Notes for Class 12 Physics
• NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics