NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26 - Download PDF
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  • NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26 - Download PDF

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26 - Download PDF

Vishal kumarUpdated on 10 Aug 2025, 03:28 AM IST

NCERT Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 has been adopted widely not only in schools under the CBSE system but also in most State Board schools of India. CBSE also follows the updated NCERT syllabus diligently so that there is a standardised and high quality curriculum. The entire syllabus of Physics Class 12 of the year 2025-26 can be accessed here to the convenience of the students. To study effectively, students should take the CBSE Class 12 date sheet 2025-26, develop a carefully organized study schedule before the Board exams, and download the date sheet.

This Story also Contains

  1. NCERT CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26
  2. Practical Evaluation Scheme for Class 12 Physics 2025-26
  3. CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics Practical 2025-26
  4. CBSE Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 - Question Paper Design
  5. Benefits of NCERT Class 12th Physics Syllabus 2025-26
  6. How to download the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics?
  7. NCERT Solution Class 12 Physics Chapter-wise links
  8. How to Prepare for NCERT CBSE Class 12 Physics 2025-26?
NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26 - Download PDF
NCERT Physics Syllabus 2024-25

The NCERT syllabus for Class 12 offers an in-depth description of the topics that are to be covered when completing the Physics subject, its examination structure, the practical work, and investigatory project, as well as the piece of invaluable advice. Students can use it to learn about topic-wise weightage, marking scheme, and important chapters. By reading further, you can get the overall idea of the full NCERT syllabus of Class 12 Physics 2025-26 and learn about the structure of exams to improve how you prepare.

NCERT CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26

The NCERT CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 provides the entire course structure, unit wise topics, practical work and marking scheme of syllabus applicable in the examination of the year 2025-26. It is designed according to the CBSE specifications and enables the students to study in a systematic manner to clear the board exams yet maintain a clarity of concepts and well developed reasoning skills.

Unit

NCERT Chapter-wise Solution

Important Topics

Marks

I

Electrostatics

16

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

Introduction, Electric Charge, Conductors and Insulators, Basic Properties of Electric Charge, Coulomb’s Law, Forces between Multiple Charges, Electric Field, Electric Field Lines, Electric Flux, Electric Dipole, Dipole in a Uniform External Field, Continuous Charge Distribution, Gauss’s Law, Applications of Gauss’s Law

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Introduction, Electrostatic Potential, Potential due to a Point Charge, Potential due to an Electric Dipole, Potential due to a System of Charges, Equipotential Surfaces, Potential Energy of a System of Charges, Potential Energy in an External Field, Electrostatics of Conductors, Dielectrics and Polarisation, Capacitors and Capacitance, The Parallel Plate Capacitor, Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance, Combination of Capacitors, Energy Stored in a Capacitor

II

Current Electricity

Chapter 3: Current Electricity

Introduction, Electric Current, Electric Currents in Conductors, Ohm’s law, Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity, Limitations of Ohm’s Law, Resistivity of Various Materials, Temperature Dependence of Resistivity, Electrical Energy, Power, Cells, emf, Internal Resistance, Cells in Series and in Parallel, Kirchhoff’s Rules, Wheatstone Bridge

III

Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetism

17

Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Introduction, Magnetic Force, Motion in a Magnetic Field, Magnetic Field due to a Current Element, Biot-Savart Law, Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop, Ampere’s Circuital Law, The Solenoid, Force between Two Parallel Currents, the Ampere, Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole, The Moving Coil Galvanometer

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Introduction, The Bar Magnet, Magnetism and Gauss’s Law, Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity, Magnetic Properties of Materials

IV

Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

Introduction, The Experiments of Faraday and Henry, Magnetic Flux, Faraday’s Law of Induction, Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy, Motional Electromotive Force, Inductance, AC Generator

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

Introduction, AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor, Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors — Phasors, AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor, AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor, Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit, Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor, Transformers

V

Electromagnetic Waves

18

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

Introduction, Displacement Current, Electromagnetic Waves, Electromagnetic Spectrum

VI

Optics

Chapter-9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Introduction, Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors, Refraction, Total Internal Reflection, Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses, Refraction through a Prism, Optical Instruments

Chapter-10: Wave Optics

Introduction, Huygens Principle, Refraction and Reflection of Plane Waves using Huygens Principle, Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves, Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment, Diffraction, Polarisation

VII

Dual Nature of Matter

12

Chapter-11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Introduction, Electron Emission, Photoelectric Effect, Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect, Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light, Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation, Particle Nature of Light: The Photon, Wave Nature of Matter

VIII

Atoms & Nuclei

Chapter-12: Atoms

Introduction, Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom, Atomic Spectra, Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom, The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom, DE Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation

Chapter-13: Nuclei

Introduction, Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus, Size of the Nucleus, Mass-Energy and Nuclear Binding Energy, Nuclear Force, Radioactivity, Nuclear Energy

IX

Electronic Devices

7

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Introduction, Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors, Intrinsic Semiconductor, Extrinsic Semiconductor, p-n Junction, Semiconductor Diode, Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier

Total

70

Practical Evaluation Scheme for Class 12 Physics 2025-26

The practical section consists of 30 marks and the period of time totals to 3 hours, it includes two experiments (7+7 marks), a practical report, an activity, an investigatory project, and a viva. This applied test makes sure that students learn how to be competent in the aspects of experimentation, data recording, and conceptual knowledge.

CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics Practical 2025-26

This Physics practical Class 12th Syllabus (2025-26) is designed to strengthen the students on theoretical concepts by using their experimental skills. It promotes scientific research, data management, and application-based learning, which equips the students with both the board examination and real life prob- lem-solving abilities

SECTION–A
ExperimentsActivities

1. To determine resistivity of two / three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current.

2. To find resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using metre bridge.

3. To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.

OR

4. To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.

5. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.

6. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.

OR

7. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of desired range and to verify the same.

8. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.

2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit using multimeter.

3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power source.

4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

5. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.

6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

SECTION-B
ExperimentsActivities

1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length.

2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.

3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.

4. To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.

5. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation.

6. To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.

7. To find the refractive index of a liquid using convex lens and plane mirror.

8. To find the refractive index of a liquid using a concave mirror and a plane mirror.

9. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.

1. To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.

2. Use of multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in working order.

3. To study effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.

4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.

5. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.

6. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, or (ii) concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).

7. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the given set of lenses.

Suggested Investigatory Projects
  1. To study various factors on which the internal resistance/EMF of a cell depends.
  2. To study the variations in current flowing in a circuit containing an LDR because of a variation in (a) the power of the incandescent lamp, used to 'illuminate' the LDR (keeping all the lamps at a fixed distance). (b) the distance of an incandescent lamp (of fixed power) used to 'illuminate' the LDR.
  3. To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil (transparent) using a plane mirror, an equiconvex lens (made from a glass of known refractive index) and an adjustable object needle. To investigate the relation between the ratio of (i) output and input voltage and (ii) number of turns in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self-designed transformer.
  4. To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of incidence using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different transparent fluids.
  5. To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam (or pith) balls suspended in a vertical plane by making use of Coulomb's law.
  6. To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil depends by observing the effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable frequency.
  7. To study the earth's magnetic field using a compass needle -bar magnet by plotting magnetic field lines and tangent galvanometer.

CBSE Physics Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 - Question Paper Design

Physics CBSE theory paper (70 marks, 3 hours) is regular pattern of question paper that includes questions organized into cognitive level categories including Remembering, Understanding, Applying and Higher Order Thinking Skills as shown in the standardised question paper design published alongside the new syllabus.

Benefits of NCERT Class 12th Physics Syllabus 2025-26

The Physics syllabus acts as a key to preparing students well. Students must go through the NCERT Book for Class 12 Physics thoroughly to cover the entire syllabus. Some of the benefits of the same are mentioned below:

  1. The NCERT syllabus is the common curriculum for most of the board exams and other exams, such as the KVPY scholarship exam. Thus, this will help candidates prepare for other exams as well, along with the 12th board.

  2. The syllabus helps the students to prepare for the exams in a definite pattern and structure.

  3. The NCERT Syllabus for class 12 Physics gives a clear idea to a student about the important topics of the exam.

  4. It also mentions the weightage of different units and chapters, which helps to get an overview of the marks distribution in the exam.

Also read,

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Other Subjects

How to download the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics?

The candidates can download the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics using the following steps given below.

Step 1: Click on the link https://cbseacademic.nic.in/curriculum_2026.html.

Step 2: A page will open on the screen. Click on "Senior Secondary Curriculum Class (XI-XII).

Step 3: Then click on 'Academic Electives - (Group - A) and click on the Physics subject.

Step 4: The Class 12 Physics Syllabus will be displayed on the screen.

Download: NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26

NCERT Solution Class 12 Physics Chapter-wise links

The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics consist of the detailed and step by step solutions to all the chapter wise questions of the NCERT textbook. The solutions assist students to build conceptual understanding, enhance their problem-solving abilities and make them ready to face boards and competitive exams.

How to Prepare for NCERT CBSE Class 12 Physics 2025-26?

  1. Try to give answers using pictorial or graphical representations as this way is more appealing and understandable.

  2. Students are advised to practice numerical and derivations daily. The basic concepts must be clear to score high

  3. Candidates should learn the S.I. units for all physical entities. This will make it easy for them to solve numerical.

  4. Prefer making a list of derivations, formulae, and experiments so that students may go through them frequently. This will help them to remember the formulae well.

  5. While solving a derivation, try to understand the logic behind them. Understanding the concept behind the derivation will help the candidates to broaden their technical knowledge.

  6. After finishing the syllabus, students must solve questions from CBSE 12 sample papers and books like Exam Idea in Physics.

NCERT Books for class 12 all Subjects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: Is the Physics syllabus of CBSE Class 12 the same in 2025-26?
A:

Yes, CBSE has done some little amendments and revision in topics and practicals. The last syllabus is to be followed by students.

Q: How many units does the Class 12 Physics syllabus have?
A:

The syllabus contains a total of nine units with topics like Electrostatics, Magnetism, Optics, Modern Physics, and Electronics.

Q: What will be the kind of questions set in the Physics Board exam?
A:

It will contain Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), Assertion-Reasoning, Short Answer, Long Answer and Case-based type Questions.

Q: What are the best practices to score marks in physic practicals?
A:

Emphasis on experiments, viva questions, project work and laboratory records. Train yourself to draw some tidy diagrams and master the principle of every experiment.

Q: Can I prepare the CBSE Physics exam with NCERT?
A:

Yes these are the NCERT textbooks and exemplar problems that are the main ones but additional practice papers can also be solved to understand it more.

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