NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26 - Download PDF

Edited By Vishal kumar | Updated on May 22, 2025 02:14 PM IST

The NCERT syllabus for Class 12 Physics for the academic year 2025-26 is followed by different CBSE and State Board schools. CBSE strictly follows the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26 to add value to their curriculum. Here, the physics syllabus 2025-26 is provided for the students' convenience. Students must download the CBSE 12th date sheet to prepare a study schedule before the examination.

This Story also Contains

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26 - Highlights
Benefits of NCERT Class 12th Physics Syllabus 2025-26
NCERT CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26
CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Exam Syllabus
How to download the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics?
How to Prepare for NCERT CBSE Class 12 Physics 2025-26?

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26 - Download PDF

The syllabus contains detailed information about the CBSE 12th course structure, exam pattern, practicals, investigatory projects & other important details. Read the article to know the in-depth details about the NCERT syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26, along with the exam pattern and marking scheme.

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26 - Highlights

The syllabus for NCERT Class 12 Physics consists of 9 units.
NCERT provides a separate syllabus for theory and practical examinations.
The theory paper is marked out of 70, while the practical is marked out of 30.
The marking scheme for each unit differs from the other.
NCERT Books are prepared based on the NCERT curriculum.
NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics is also included in the JEE Main syllabus and NEET syllabus.

Benefits of NCERT Class 12th Physics Syllabus 2025-26

The Physics syllabus acts as a key to preparing students well. Students must go through the NCERT Book for Class 12 Physics thoroughly to cover the entire syllabus. Some of the benefits of the same are mentioned below:

The NCERT syllabus is the common curriculum for most of the board exams and other exams, such as the KVPY scholarship exam. Thus, this will help candidates prepare for other exams as well, along with the 12th board.
The syllabus helps the students to prepare for the exams in a definite pattern and structure.
The NCERT Syllabus for class 12 Physics gives a clear idea to a student about the important topics of the exam.
It also mentions the weightage of different units and chapters, which helps to get an overview of the marks distribution in the exam.

NCERT CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26

Below are the chapter-wise important topics of physics and the respective marking scheme.

Unit	NCERT Chapter-wise Solution	Important Topics	Marks
I	Electrostatics		17
	Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields	Introduction, Electric Charge, Conductors and Insulators, Basic Properties of Electric Charge, Coulomb’s Law, Forces between Multiple Charges, Electric Field, Electric Field Lines, Electric Flux, Electric Dipole, Dipole in a Uniform External Field, Continuous Charge Distribution, Gauss’s Law, Applications of Gauss’s Law
	Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance	Introduction, Electrostatic Potential, Potential due to a Point Charge, Potential due to an Electric Dipole, Potential due to a System of Charges, Equipotential Surfaces, Potential Energy of a System of Charges, Potential Energy in an External Field, Electrostatics of Conductors, Dielectrics and Polarisation, Capacitors and Capacitance, The Parallel Plate Capacitor, Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance, Combination of Capacitors, Energy Stored in a Capacitor
II	Current Electricity
	Chapter 3: Current Electricity	Introduction, Electric Current, Electric Currents in Conductors, Ohm’s law, Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity, Limitations of Ohm’s Law, Resistivity of Various Materials, Temperature Dependence of Resistivity, Electrical Energy, Power Cells, emf, Internal Resistance, Cells in Series and in Parallel, Kirchhoff’s Rules, Wheatstone Bridge
III	Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetism		18
	Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism	Introduction, Magnetic Force, Motion in a Magnetic Field, Magnetic Field due to a Current Element, Biot-Savart Law, Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop, Ampere’s Circuital Law, The Solenoid, Force between Two Parallel Currents, the Ampere, Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole, The Moving Coil Galvanometer
	Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter	Introduction, The Bar Magnet, Magnetism and Gauss’s Law, Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity, Magnetic Properties of Materials
IV	Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current
	Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction	Introduction, The Experiments of Faraday and Henry, Magnetic Flux, Faraday’s Law of Induction, Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy, Motional Electromotive Force, Inductance, AC Generator
	Chapter 7: Alternating Current	Introduction, AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor, Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors — Phasors, AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor, AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor, Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit, Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor, Transformers
V	Electromagnetic Waves		17
	Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves	Introduction, Displacement Current, Electromagnetic Waves, Electromagnetic Spectrum
VI	Optics
	Chapter-9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments	Introduction, Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors, Refraction, Total Internal Reflection, Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses, Refraction through a Prism, Optical Instruments
	Chapter-10: Wave Optics	Introduction, Huygens Principle, Refraction and Reflection of Plane Waves using Huygens Principle, Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves, Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment, Diffraction, Polarisation
VII	Dual Nature of Matter		11
	Chapter-11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter	Introduction, Electron Emission, Photoelectric Effect, Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect, Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light, Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation, Particle Nature of Light: The Photon, Wave Nature of Matter
VIII	Atoms & Nuclei
	Chapter-12: Atoms	Introduction, Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom, Atomic Spectra, Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom, The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom , DE Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation
	Chapter-13: Nuclei	Introduction, Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus, Size of the Nucleus, Mass-Energy and Nuclear Binding Energy, Nuclear Force, Radioactivity, Nuclear Energy
IX	Electronic Devices		7
	Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits	Introduction, Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors, Intrinsic Semiconductor, Extrinsic Semiconductor, p-n Junction, Semiconductor Diode, Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier	7
	Total		70

NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Other Subjects

CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Exam Syllabus

The combined CBSE syllabus for the physics practical exam is mentioned below:

Particular	Marks in 2025
Two experiments, one from each section	7+7
Practical record [experiments and activities]	5
One activity from any section	3
Investigatory Project	3
Viva on experiments, activities and projects	5
Total	30

Experiments

SECTION–A

To determine resistivity of two/ three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference versus current.
To find resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using metre bridge.
To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge. OR To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.
To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.
To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same. OR To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of desired range and to verify the same.
To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

Activities

To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.
To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit using multimeter.
To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power source.
To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.
To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.
To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

SECTION-B

Experiments

To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to find the focal length.
To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u and 1/v.
To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation.
To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
To find the refractive index of a liquid using convex lens and plane mirror.
To find the refractive index of a liquid using a concave mirror and a plane mirror.
To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.

Activities

To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items. Use of a multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED, and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in working order.
To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying the distance of the source) on an LDR.
To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.
To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, or (ii) concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle.
To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from the given set of lenses.

Suggested Investigatory Projects

To study various factors on which the internal resistance/EMF of a cell depends.
To study the variations in current flowing in a circuit containing an LDR because of a variation in (a) the power of the incandescent lamp, used to 'illuminate' the LDR (keeping all the lamps at a fixed distance). (b) the distance of an incandescent lamp (of fixed power) used to 'illuminate' the LDR.
To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil (transparent) using a plane mirror, an equiconvex lens (made from a glass of known refractive index) and an adjustable object needle. To investigate the relation between the ratio of (i) output and input voltage and (ii) number of turns in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self-designed transformer.
To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of incidence using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different transparent fluids.
To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam (or pith) balls suspended in a vertical plane by making use of Coulomb's law.
To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil depends by observing the effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable frequency.
To study the earth's magnetic field using a compass needle -bar magnet by plotting magnetic field lines and tangent galvanometer.

How to download the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics?

The candidates can download the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics using the following steps given below.

Step 1: Click on the link https://cbseacademic.nic.in/curriculum_2026.html.

Step 2: A page will open on the screen. Click on "Senior Secondary Curriculum Class (XI-XII).

Step 3: Then click on 'Academic Electives - (Group - A) and click on the Physics subject.

Step 4: The Class 12 Physics Syllabus will be displayed on the screen.

Download: NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics 2025-26

How to Prepare for NCERT CBSE Class 12 Physics 2025-26?

Try to give answers using pictorial or graphical representations as this way is more appealing and understandable.
Students are advised to practice numerical and derivations daily. The basic concepts must be clear to score high
Candidates should learn the S.I. units for all physical entities. This will make it easy for them to solve numerical.
Prefer making a list of derivations, formulae, and experiments so that students may go through them frequently. This will help them to remember the formulae well.
While solving a derivation, try to understand the logic behind them. Understanding the concept behind the derivation will help the candidates to broaden their technical knowledge.
After finishing the syllabus, students must solve questions from CBSE 12 sample papers and books like Exam Idea in Physics.

NCERT Books for class 12 all Subjects

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Why Should You Use the CBSE Physics Syllabus for Class 12 2025?

Students must read the NCERT Class 12 Physics Syllabus on a daily basis to become more familiar with the examination format.

2. How Can the Class 12 Physics Syllabus Assist You?

The primary purpose for getting the Physics syllabus is to make your planning more organised and efficient. Examine all of the parts and their relative weightages. It will assist you in analysing the parts and proceeding appropriately. It will assist you in completing the curriculum quickly.

3. What is the number of units provided in the CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus?

There are 9 units available in the CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus with 14 chapters.

4. Is the NCERT syllabus for Class 12 the same for all states in India?

The NCERT syllabus for Class 12 is primarily designed for CBSE-affiliated schools and is uniform across India for these schools.

5. Does the NCERT syllabus for Class 12 cover topics for competitive exams like JEE and NEET?

The NCERT Class 12 syllabus for Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Mathematics forms the foundation for competitive exams like JEE and NEET, covering most required topics.

6. Can I get a PDF version of the NCERT Class 12 syllabus for all subjects?

Yes, students can download the PDF versions of the NCERT Class 12 syllabus for all subjects from this page or from this https://cbseacademic.nic.in/curriculum_2026.html website.

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Popular Questions

A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms^-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1) $0.34\; J$	Option 2) $0.16\; J$
Option 3) $1.00\; J$	Option 4) $0.67\; J$

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times. Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated. How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ? Fat supplies 3.8×10⁷J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate. Take g = 9.8 ms⁻² :

Option 1)

2.45×10⁻³ kg

Option 2)

6.45×10⁻³ kg

Option 3)

9.89×10⁻³ kg

Option 4)

12.89×10⁻³ kg

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1) $2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J$	Option 2) $200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J$
Option 3) $2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J$	Option 4) $20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J$

A particle is projected at 60⁰ to the horizontal with a kinetic energy $K$ . The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1) $K/2\,$	Option 2) $\; K\;$
Option 3) $zero\;$	Option 4) $K/4$

In the reaction,

$2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}$

Option 1) $11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole $HCL_{(aq)}$ consumed	Option 2) $6L\, HCl_{(aq)}$ is consumed for ever $3L\, H_{2(g)}$ produced
Option 3) $33.6 L\, H_{2(g)}$ is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts	Option 4) $67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, $Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$ will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1) 0.02	Option 2) 3.125 × 10^-2
Option 3) 1.25 × 10^-2	Option 4) 2.5 × 10^-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1) decrease twice	Option 2) increase two fold
Option 3) remain unchanged	Option 4) be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1) Molality	Option 2) Weight fraction of solute
Option 3) Fraction of solute present in water	Option 4) Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol^-1) is

Option 1) twice that in 60 g carbon	Option 2) 6.023 × 10²²
Option 3) half that in 8 g He	Option 4) 558.5 × 6.023 × 10²³

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t²) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m² , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is