RBSE 12th Exam 2025: Result (May 22), Toppers, Marksheet

English: Unit 01

• Unseen passage: (a) Factual passages e.g. instructions, descriptions, reports, (b) discursive passage involving opinion e.g. argumentative, persuasive or interpretative text, (c) literary passage e.g. extract from fiction, drama, poetry
• Unseen passage: (c) Literary passage e.g. essay or biography

English: Unit 02

• Short compositions: It includes advertisement and notices, description of arguments for or against a topic, accepting and declining invitations
• A report on an event based on some verbal input or translate the passage into Hindi
• Letter writing: (a) Business or official letters (for making enquiries, registering complaints, asking for and giving information, placing orders and sending replies), (b) letters to the editor on various social, national, and international issues
• Letter writing: (c) Application for a job including CV (curriculum vitae)/ resume

English: Unit 03

• Clauses (noun clauses, adverb clauses, relative clauses)
• Synthesis
• Phrasal verbs (break, bring, carry, come, get, put, turn)
• Prepositions of motion, time, space and mental attitude

English: Unit 04

• Prose: (i) The last lesson, (ii) Lost spring, (iii) Deep water, (iv) The rattrap, (v) Indigo
• Poetry: (i) My mother at sixty-six, (ii) An elementary school classroom in a slum, (iii) Keeping quit, (iv) A thing of beauty, (v) Aunt Jennifer's tigers

English: Unit 05

• Content: (i) The third level, (ii) The tiger king, (iii) The enemy, (iv) On the face of it, (v) Memories of childhood

Computer science: Unit 01

• Exception handling in Python: (a) Revision of Python topics covered in Class XI, (b) functions: Types of function (built-in functions, functions defined in module, user defined functions), creating user defined function, arguments and parameters
• Exception handling in Python: (b) Functions-arguments and parameters, default parameters, positional parameters, function returning value(s), flow of execution, scope of a variable (global scope, local scope)
• File handling in Python: (a) Introduction to files, types of files (text file, binary file, CSV file), relative and absolute paths, (b) text file: Opening a text file, text file open modes (r, r+, w, w+, a, a+), closing a text file
• File handling in Python: (b) Text file-opening a file using with clause, writing/ appending data to a text file using write() and writelines(), reading from a text file using read(), readline() and readlines(), seek and tell methods
• File handling in Python: (b) Text file-manipulation of data in a text file, (c) binary file: Basic operations on a binary file-open using file open modes (rb, rb+, wb, wb+, ab, ab+), close a binary file, import pickle module, dump() and load() method
• File handling in Python: (b) Text file-read, (c) binary file-basic operations on a binary file: Read, write/ create, search, append and update operations in a binary file, (c) CSV file: Import csv module, open/ close csv file
• File handling in Python: (c) CSV file-write into a csv file using csv.writerow() and read from a csv file using csv.reader()
• Stack: Python libraries-creating python libraries
• Queue: Recursion-simple programs with recursion: Sum of first n natural numbers, factorial, fibonacci series
• Sorting: Idea of efficiency-number of comparisons in best, worst and average case for linear search
• Searching: Data structure-stack, operations on stack (push and pop), implementation of stack using list. Introduction to queue, operations on queue (enqueue, dequeue, is empty, peek, is full), implementation of queue using list

Computer science: Unit 02

• Computer networks: Evolution of networking-introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking (ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET)
• Data communication: (a) Data communication terminologies-concept of communication, components of data communication (sender, receiver, message, communication media, protocols), measuring capacity of communication media (bandwidth, data transfer rate)
• Data communication: (a) Data communication terminologies-IP address, switching techniques (circuit switching, packet switching), (b) Transmission media: Wired communication media (twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable)
• Data communication: (b) Transmission media-wireless media (radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves), (c) network devices (modem, ethernet card, RJ45, repeater, hub, switch, router, gateway, WIFI card)
• Data communication: (d) Network topologies and network types-types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), networking topologies (Bus, Star, Tree), (e) network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/ IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP
• Data communication: (e) Network protocol-wireless/ mobile communication protocol such as GSM, GPRS and WLL, (f) mobile telecommunication technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G, (g) introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
• Data communication: (g) Introduction to web services-Extensible Markup Language (XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web hosting

Computer science: Unit 03

• Understanding data: Database concepts-introduction to database concepts and its need
• Database concepts: Relational data model-relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality, keys (candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key)
• Structured query language (SQL): Structured query language-introduction, data definition language and data manipulation language, data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date), constraints (not null, unique, primary key), create database, use database
• Structured query language (SQL): Structured query language-show databases, drop database, show tables, create table, describe table, alter table (add and remove an attribute, add and remove primary key), drop table, insert, delete, select
• Structured query language (SQL): Structured query language-operators (mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause, where clause, in, between, order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like, update command, delete command
• Structured query language (SQL): Structured query language-aggregate functions (max, min, avg, sum, count), group by, having clause, joins: Cartesian product on two tables, equi-join and natural join
• Structured query language (SQL): Interface of python with an SQL database-connecting SQL with Python, performing insert, update, delete queries using cursor, display data by using fetchone(), fetchall(), row count
• Structured query language (SQL): Interface of python with an SQL database-creating database connectivity applications

Informatics practices: Unit 01

• Data handling using Pandas-I: Introduction to Python libraries-Pandas, Matplotlib. Data structures in Pandas-series and data frames. Series: Creation of series from ndarray, dictionary, scalar value; mathematical operations; series attributes
• Data handling using Pandas-I: Series-head and tail functions; selection, indexing and slicing. Data frames: Creation of data frames from dictionary of series, list of dictionaries, text/CSV files, display, iteration
• Data handling using Pandas-I: Operations on rows and columns-add add (insert/ append), select, delete (drop column and row), rename, head and tail functions, indexing using labels, Boolean indexing; joining, merging and concatenation of data frames
• Data handling using Pandas-I: Importing/ exporting data between CSV files and data frames (for practicals only)
• Data handling using Pandas-II: Descriptive statistics-max, min, count, sum, mean, median, mode, quartile, standard deviation, variance. Dataframe operations: Aggregation, group by, sorting, deleting and renaming index, pivoting
• Data handling using Pandas-II: Handling missing values-dropping and filling. Importing/ exporting data between MySQL database and Pandas

Informatics practices: Unit 02

• Querying and SQL functions: (a) Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD (). (b) Text functions: UCASE ()/ UPPER (), LCASE ()/ LOWER (), MID ()/ SUBSTRING ()/ SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ()
• Querying and SQL functions: (c) Date functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME (). (d) Aggregate functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using COUNT (*)
• Querying and SQL functions: (e) Querying and manipulating data using group by, having, order by

Informatics practices: Unit 03

• Internet and web: (a) Introduction to networks, types of network: LAN, MAN, WAN. (b) Network devices: Modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway network topologies: Star, bus, tree, mesh, (c) Introduction to internet, URL
• Internet and web: (c) WWW and its applications-web, email, chat, VoIP. (d) Website: Introduction, difference between a website and webpage, static vs dynamic web page, web server and hosting of a website. (d) Web browsers: Introduction

Public administration: Unit 01

• Public administration: Alternative perspectives of public administration studies-public administration development as a subject

Public administration: Unit 02

• Scientific management (Taylor, Fayol), classical ideology (Gulick, Urvik)

Public administration: Unit 03

• Communication, motivation (Maslow and McGregor)

Public administration: Unit 04

• Comparative public administration: Meaning, nature, area and importance, development administration

Public administration: Unit 05

• The constitutional perspective of Indian administration and characteristics of Indian administration

Public administration: Unit 06

• NITI Aayog and National Development Council: Organizational design and work, planning department and planning board in Rajasthan: Organization and role

Public administration: Unit 07

• Meaning and type of budget, formulation and approval of budget in India, process

Public administration: Unit 08

• Recruitment process in higher public services, Union Public Service, Commission and State Public Service Commission, organizational form and role

Public administration: Unit 09

• Minister-public servant relations, administrative ethics, transparency in administration

Public administration: Unit 10

• Administrative reforms in India: Information of various commissions and committees after independence, administrative reforms and innovation development in Rajasthan: Meaning, features and interrelationships

Economics: Unit 01

• Introduction: Emergence of macroeconomics, context of the present book of macroeconomics
• National income accounting: Basic concepts in macroeconomics, circular flow of income (two sector model); methods of calculating national income-value added or product method, expenditure method, income method. Factor cost, basic prices and market prices
• National income accounting: Macroeconomic identities, real and nominal GDP, GDP and welfare

Economics: Unit 02

• Money and banking: Functions of money, demand for money, supply of money, money creation by the banking system. Balance sheet of a fictional bank, limits to credit creation and money multiplier, policy tools to control money supply

Economics: Unit 03

• Government budget and the economy: Government budget-meaning, objectives and its components, objectives of government budget, classification of receipts, classification of expenditure, balanced, surplus, deficit budget. Measures of government deficit

Economics: Unit 04

• Introduction: A simple economy, central problems of an economy, organisation of economic activities, the centrally planned economy, the market economy, positive and normative economics, microeconomics and macroeconomics

Economics: Unit 05

• Theory of consumer behaviour: Utility, cardinal utility analysis, ordinal utility analysis, the consumer’s budget, budget set and budget line, changes in the budget set, optimal choice of the consumer, demand, demand curve and the law of demand
• Theory of consumer behaviour: Deriving a demand curve from indifference curves and budget constraints, normal and inferior goods, substitutes and complements, shifts in the demand curve, movements along the demand curve and shifts in the demand curve
• Theory of consumer behaviour: Market demand, elasticity of demand, elasticity along a linear demand curve, factors determining price elasticity of demand for a good, elasticity and expenditure

Economics: Unit 06

• Production and costs: Production function. The short run and the long run. Total product, average product and marginal product. The law of diminishing marginal product and the law of variable proportions. Shapes of total product
• Production and costs: Marginal product and average product curves. Returns to scale, costs, short run and long run costs

Economics: Unit 07

• The theory of the firm under perfect competition: Perfect competition-defining features, revenue , profit maximisation, the profit maximisation problem: Graphical representation, supply curve of a firm, short run supply curve of a firm
• The theory of the firm under perfect competition: Long run supply curve of a firm, the shutdown point, the normal profit and break-even point, determinants of a firm’s supply curve, technological progress, input prices, market supply curve
• The theory of the firm under perfect competition: Price elasticity of supply

Political science: Unit 01

• The Cold War era
• The end of bipolarity
• Contemporary South Asia
• International organizations
• Security in the contemporary world
• Environment and natural resources

Political science: Unit 02

• Challenges of nation building
• Era of one-party dominance
• Politics of planned development
• Challenge to and restoration of the congress system
• Rise of popular movements
• Recent developments in Indian politics

History: Unit 01

• The Harappan civilisation-bricks,beads and bones: (1) Beginnings, (2) subsistence strategies-agricultural technologies, (3) Mohenjo Daro-a planned urban centre, (4) tracking social differences: Burials
• The Harappan civilisation-bricks,beads and bones: (5) Finding out about craft-production identifying centers of production, (6) strategies for procuring material, (7) seals, script, weights, (8) ancient authority place and kings
• The Harappan civilisation-bricks,beads and bones: (9) The end of the civilisation, (10) discovering the Harappan civilisation, (11) problems of piecing together the past
• Early states and economies: (1) Prinsep and Piyadassi, (2) the earliest states, (3) an early empire, (4) new notions of kingship, (5) a changing countryside, (6) towns and trade
• Early states and economies: (7) Back to basics-meaning of records deciphering Brahmi, Kharosthi script. Historical evidence from inscriptions, (8) the limitations of inscriptional evidence
• Early societies-kinship, caste and class: (1) The critical edition of the Mahabharata, (2) kinship and marriage many rules and varied practices, (3) social differences: Within and beyond the framework of caste, (4) beyond birth resources and status
• Early societies-kinship, caste and class: (5) explaining social differences: A social contract, (6) handling texts historians and the Mahabharata, (7) a dynamic

History: Unit 02

• Through the eyes of travellers-perceptions of society (10th to 17th century): (1) Al-Biruni and the: Kitab-ul-Hind, (2) Ibn Battuta’s Rihla, (3) François Bernier-a doctor with a difference
• Through the eyes of travellers-perceptions of society (10th to 17th century): (4) making sense of an alien world Al-Biruni and the sanskritic tradition, (5) Ibn Battuta and the excitement of the unfamiliar, (6) Bernier and the “degenerate” east
• Through the eyes of travellers-perceptions of society (10th to 17th century): (7) Women slaves, sati and labourers
• Bhakti and sufi traditions, changes in religious beliefs and devotional texts (8th to 18th century): (1) A mosaic of religious beliefs and practices, (2) poems of prayer early traditions of bhakti, (3) the Virashaiva tradition in Karnataka
• Bhakti and sufi traditions, changes in religious beliefs and devotional texts (8th to 18th century): (4) Religious ferment in north India, (5) new strands in the fabric Islamic traditions, (6) the growth of sufism, (7) the Chishtis in the subcontinent
• Bhakti and sufi traditions, changes in religious beliefs and devotional texts (8th to 18th century): (8) New devotional paths dialogue and dissent in northern India, (9) reconstructing histories of religious traditions
• An imperial capital-Vijayanagara (14th to 16th century): (1) The discovery of Hampi, (2) Rayas, Nayakas and sultans, (3) Vijayanagara the capital and its environs, (4) the royal centre, (5) the sacred centre, (6) plotting palaces, temples and bazaars
• An imperial capital-Vijayanagara (14th to 16th century): (7) Questions in search of answers

History: Unit 03

• Colonialism and the countryside-exploring official archives: (1) Bengal and the Zamindars, (2) the hoe and the plough, (3) a revolt in the countryside-the Bombay Deccan, (4) the Deccan Riots Commission
• Rebels and the raj-the Revolt of 1857 and its representations: (1) Pattern of the rebellion, (2) Awadh in revolt, (3) what the rebels wanted, (4) repression, (5) images of the revolt
• Colonial cities-urbanisation, planning, and architecture: (1) Towns and cities in pre-colonial times, (2) finding out about colonial cities, (3) what were the new towns like?, (4) segregation, town planning and architecture: Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay
• Colonial cities-urbanisation, planning, and architecture: (5) Buildings and architectural styles
• Mahatma Gandhi and the nationalist movement-civil disobedience and beyond: (1) A leader announces himself, (2) the making and unmaking of non-cooperation, (3) the Salt Satyagraha-a case study, (4) quit India, (5) the last heroic days, (6) knowing Gandhi

Geography: Unit 01

• Human geography-nature and scope: Nature of human geography, definitions of human geography, naturalization of human and humanization of nature. Areas and subfields of human geography
• The world population-distribution, density and growth: Patterns of population distribution in the world, density of population, factors influencing the distribution of population, population growth
• The world population-distribution, density and growth: Components of population change-births, deaths, and migration, trends in population growth, spatial pattern of population change, impact of population change, demographic transition
• The world population-distribution, density and growth: Population control measures
• Population composition: Sex composition, age structure, age-sex pyramid, constant population, declining populations, rural urban composition, literacy, occupational structure
• Primary activities: Hunting and gathering, pastoralism-nomadic herding, commercial livestock rearing. Agriculture: Subsistence agriculture, primitive subsistence agriculture. Intensive subsistence agriculture. Plantation agriculture
• Primary activities: Extensive commercial grain cultivation. Mixed farming. Dairy farming. Mediterranean agriculture. Market gardening and horticulture. Cooperative farming. Collective farming. Mining: Factors affecting mining activity. Methods of mining
• Secondary activities: Manufacturing, modern large scale manufacturing characteristics. Skill specialization, mechanization, organizational structure and stratification. Technological innovation. Access to irregular geographical distribution market
• Secondary activities: Access to raw material access, access to labor supply, access to power tools. Accessibility to transport and communication facilities. Government policy. Accessibility to agglomeration economy. Relationship between industries
• Secondary activities: Classification of manufacturing industries-size based industries, raw materials based industries, production. Product based industries. Ownership industries, freelance industries
• Secondary activities: Concept of traditional large scale industrial region-Ruhr coal sector, iron steel industry, cotton textile industry, concept of high technology industry
• Tertiary and quaternary activities: Types of tertiary activities, trade and commerce, retail trading, wholesale trading, transport, communication, telecommunication, services, people engaged in tertiary activities, some selected examples-tourism
• Tertiary and quaternary activities: Some selected examples-health services for overseas patients in India-medical tourism, quaternary activities. Quinary activities, outsourcing, the digital divide
• Human settlements: Classification of settlements-rural and urban settlements, suburbanization, compact or nucleated settlements, dispersed settlements. Factors affecting the location of rural settlements, planned settlements
• Human settlements: Rural settlement patterns-(1) on the basis of setting, (2) on the basis of functions, (3) on the basis of forms or shapes of the settlements, problems of rural settlements. Basis of classification of urban settlements: (1) Population
• Human settlements: Basis of classification of urban settlements-(2) occupational structure, (3) administration, (4) location. Functions of urban centers. Classification of cities on the basis of work. Addis Ababa. Canberra
• Human settlements: Canberra, types of urban settlements: (1) Town, (2) cities, (3) san nagar, (4) million city. Distribution of mega cities. Problems of urban settlements: Economic problems, socio-cultural problems, problems related to the environment
• Human settlements: Problems related to the environment, the priorities mentioned in the 'city strategy' by the united nations development program

Geography: Unit 02

• Population-distribution, density, growth and composition: Distribution of population, density of population, growth of population, regional variations in population growth, population composition-rural-urban composition
• Population-distribution, density, growth and composition: Population composition-linguistic composition and linguistic classification, religious composition, composition of working population
• Population-distribution, density, growth and composition: Promoting gender sensitivity through ‘Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao’ social campaign
• Migration-types, causes, and consequence: Migration, types of migration, migration enumeration, migration streams, Indian prevalence; spatial variation in migration, causes of migration, consequences of migration
• Human settlements: Rural settlements, types of rural settlement. The basic differences between rural and urban settlements, types of rural settlements: Clustered, agglomerated or nucleated, semi-clustered or fragmented, hamleted, and dispersed or isolated
• Human settlements: Urban settlements-urbanisation in India, classification of towns on the basis of population size functional classification of towns
• Land resources and agriculture: Land use categories, land use change in India, common property resources, agricultural land use in India, cropping seasons in India, types of farming, food grains: Rice, wheat, jowar maize, bajra, pulses, gram, tur (arhar)
• Land resources and agriculture: Fibrous crops-cotton and jute, other crops: Sugarcane, tea and coffee, oilseeds, agricultural development in India, increase in agricultural production and development of technology, problems of indian agriculture
• Water resources: India's water resources, water demand and utilization, water quality depletion, water conservation and management, water pollution prevention, water recycling and reuse, water supply management, rainwater harvesting
• Water resources: Watershed development-a reality study, Indian National Water Policy, 2002, Jal Kranti Abhiyan (2015-16)
• Mineral and energy resources: Types of mineral resources, distribution of minerals in India: Ferrous mineral-iron-ore, copper, bauxite, manganese non-ferrous minerals. Non-metallic minerals, energy resources: Conventional sources of energy
• Mineral and energy resources: Energy resources-unconventional energy sources, conservation of mineral resources
• Manufacturing industries: Types of industries-based on manpower, raw material base, basis of use of products. Based on nature of producers, location factors of industries. Major industries: Iron-steel industry, cotton textile industry, sugar industry
• Manufacturing industries: Petrochemical industry knowledge-based industries-liberalization, privatization and globalization of industrial development in india, industrial regions of india
• Transport and communication: Major means of transport-site transport: Road transport-rail transport, water transport, interstate waterways, ocean roads, air transport, air transport, oil and gas pipeline
• Transport and communication: Communication network-personal communication system and mass communication system

Mathematics: Unit 01

• Relations and functions: Types of relations-reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions, composition of functions and invertible function. Binary operations.
• Inverse trigonometric functions: Basic concepts, properties of inverse trigonometric functions

Mathematics: Unit 02

• Matrices: Matrices, order of a matrix, types of matrices: Column matrix, row matrix, square matrix,diagonal matrix, scalar matrix, identity matrix, zero matrix, operations on matrices, addition of matrices, multiplication of a matrix by a scalar
• Matrices: Properties of matrix addition, properties of scalar multiplication of a matrix, multiplication of matrices, properties of multiplication of matrices, transpose of a matrix, properties of transpose of matrices, symmetric and skew symmetric
• Matrices: Elementary operation, invertible matrices (transformation) of a matrix
• Determinants: Determinant, determinant of a matrix of order one, determinant of a matrix of order two, determinant of a matrix of order 3×3, properties of determinants, area of a triangle minors and cofactors adjoint and inverse of a matrix
• Determinants: Applications of determinants and matrices

Mathematics: Unit 03

• Continuity and differentiability: Continuity, algebra of continuous functions differentiability, derivatives of composite functions, derivatives of implicit functions, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, exponential and logarithmic functions
• Continuity and differentiability: Logarithmic differentiation, derivatives of functions in parametric forms, second order derivative, mean value theorem
• Integrals: Integration as inverse process of differentiation-geometrical interpretation of indefinite integral, some properties of indefinite integrals, comparison between differentiation and integration, methods of integration
• Integrals: Integration by substitution, integrals of some particular functions, integration by partial fractions, integration by parts: Integrals of some more types, definite integral, definite integral as the limit of a sum
• Integrals: Fundamental theorem of calculus-area function, first fundamental theorem of integral calculus, second fundamental theorem of integral calculus, evaluation of definite integrals by substitution, some properties of definite integrals
• Differential equations: Basic concepts-order of a differential equation, degree of a differential equation, general and particular solutions of a differential equation, formation of a differential equation whose solution is given
• Differential equations: Procedure to form a differential equation that will represent a given family of curves, differential equations with variables separable, homogeneous differential equations. Linear differential equations

Mathematics: Unit 04

• Vectors: Basic concepts. Types of vectors. Addition of vectors. Multiplication of a vector by a scalar. Components of a vector. Vector joining two points. Section formula. Product of two vectors. Scalar (or dot) product of two vectors
• Vectors: Projection of a vector on a line. Vector (or cross) product of two vectors

Mathematics: Unit 05

• Probability: Probability conditional probability, properties of conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes theorem, theorem of total probability
• Probability: Random variable and its probability distribution, probability distribution of a random, variable. Mean and variance of random variable. Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and binomial distribution

Painting: Unit 01

• Themes of paintings-an overview, Malwa school of painting, Mewar school of painting, Bundi school of painting, Kota school of painting, Bikaner school of painting, Kishangarh school of painting, Jodhpur school of painting, Jaipur school of painting
• Bhagavata Purana, Maru Ragini, Raja Aniruddha Singh Hara, Chaugan players, Krishna swinging and Radha in sad mood, Bani Thani, Rama meets members of his family Athitraku

Painting: Unit 02

• Influences on Mughal painting, early Mughal painting, later Mughal painting, process of Mughal painting, colours and technique of Mughal painting, Noah’s ark, Krishna lifts mount Govardhan, Falcon on a bird rest, Zebra
• The marriage procession of Dara Shikoh

Painting: Unit 03

• Ahmednagar school of painting, Bijapur school of painting, Golconda school of painting, Composite horse, Sultan Ibrahim Adil Shah-II, Ragini Pathamsika of raga Hindola, Sultan Abdullah Qutb Shah, Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusrau
• Chand Bibi Playing Polo

Painting: Unit 04

• Basohli school, Guler school, Kangra school, Awaiting Krishna and the hesitant Radha, Balwant Singh looking at a painting with Nainsukh, Nanda, Yashoda, and Krishna

Painting: Unit 05

• Company painting, Raja Ravi Varma, The Bengal school, Abanindranath Tagore and E.B. Havell, Shantiniketan-early modernism, Pan-Asianism and modernism, different concepts of modernism: Western and Indian, Tiller of the soil, Rasa-Lila, Radhika
• City in the night, Rama vanquishing the pride of the ocean, Woman with child, Journey’s end

Painting: Unit 06

• Painting tradition, Mithila painting, Warli sculptural traditions painting, Gond painting, Pithoro painting, Pata painting, Phads of Rajasthan, Dhokra casting, Terracotta

Psychology: Unit 01

• Introduction, individual differences in human functioning, assessment of psychological attributes, intelligence. Theories of intelligence: Psychometric theories of intelligence, information processing theories, theory of multiple intelligences
• Triarchic theory of intelligence, planning, attention-arousal and simultaneous successive, model of intelligence, individual differences in intelligence, culture and intelligence, emotional intelligence. Special abilities. Aptitude nature and measurement
• Creativity

Psychology: Unit 02

• Introduction, self and personality, concept of self, cognitive and behavioral aspects of self, culture and self, concept of personality, major approaches to the study of personality: Type approach, trait approach, psychodynamic approach
• Major approaches to the study of personality: Behavioural approach, cultural approach, humanistic approach, assessment of personality: Self-report measures, projective techniques, behavioural analysis

Psychology: Unit 03

• Introduction, concepts of abnormality and psychological disorders, historical background, classification of psychological disorders, factors underlying abnormal behavior, major psychological disorders: Anxiety disorders
• Major psychological disorders: Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, trauma-and stressor-related disorders, somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative disorders, depressive disorder, bipolar and related disorders
• Major psychological disorders: Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders, feeding and eating disorders, substance related and addictive disorders

Psychology: Unit 04

• Nature and process of psychotherapy, therapeutic relationship, types of therapies: Psychodynamic therapy, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, humanistic-existential therapy, biomedical therapy, alternative therapies, rehabilitation of the mentally ill

Psychology: Unit 05

• Introduction, explaining social behavior, nature and components of attitudes, attitude formation and change: Attitude formation, attitude change, attitude-behaviour relationship, prejudice and discrimination, strategies for handling prejudice
• Social cognition, schemas and stereotypes, impression formation and explaining: Behaviour of others through attributions, impression formation, attribution of causality, pro-social behaviour, factors affecting prosocial behaviour

Psychology: Unit 06

• Introduction, human-environment relationship, different views of the human-environment relationship, environmental effects on human behaviour: Human influence on the environment, noise, pollution, crowding, natural disasters
• Promoting pro-environmental behaviour, psychology and social concerns: Poverty and discrimination, aggression, violence and peace, Mahatma Gandhi on non-violence, health, impact of television on behaviour

Psychology: Unit 07

• Introduction, developing as an effective psychologist, general skills, observational skills, specific skills: Communication skills, psychological testing skills, interviewing skills, counselling

English literature: Unit 01

• An unseen passage (literary or discursive passage)
• Poem

English literature: Unit 02

• An essay on argumentative/ discursive/ reflective or descriptive topic
• A composition such as an article, report, speech

English literature: Unit 03

• Metaphysical poetry, impressionism, stream of consciousness, interior monologue, Anglo-Indian literature, Indo-Anglian literature

English literature: Unit 04

• Short stories: (a) I sell my dreams, (b) Eveline, (c) Tomorrow
• Poetry: (a) A lecture upon the shadow, (b) Poems by millon, (c) Poems by Beake, (d) Kubla Khan, (e) Trels, (f) The wild swans of coole
• Content: (a) Freedom, (b) The mark on the wall, (c) The argumentative India, (d) On science fiction

English literature: Unit 05

Hindi literature: Unit 01

Hindi literature: Unit 02

Hindi literature: Unit 03

Hindi literature: Unit 04

Hindi literature: Unit 05

Urdu literature: Unit 01

Urdu literature: Unit 02

Urdu literature: Unit 03

Urdu literature: Unit 04

Urdu literature: Unit 05

Gujarati literature: Unit 01

Gujarati literature: Unit 02

Gujarati literature: Unit 03

Gujarati literature: Unit 04

Sociology: Unit 01

• Introducing Indian society: Introducing Indian society, colonialism, nationalism, class and community
• The demographic structure of Indian society: Theories and concepts in demography-Malthus's population growth theory, demographic transitions, general concepts and indicators, India's population size and growth, Indian population age structure
• The demographic structure of Indian society: Falling gender ratio in India, literacy, rural-urban divisions, population policy in india
• Social institutions-continuity and change: Caste and caste system, colonialism and caste, contemporary form of caste, family and kinship

Sociology: Unit 02

• Structural change: Understanding colonialism, industrialization and urbanization in India
• Cultural change: Social reform movements in the 19th and early 20th century. Understanding sanskritisation, modernization, secularization and westernization, different types of social change
• Change and development in industrial society: Imagine industrial society, industrialization in India, how people get work, how work is done, practices, work done in homes, strikes and trade unions
• Globalization and social change: Understanding globalization. Dimensions of globalization: Economic, political, cultural
• Mass media and communications: Types of mass media-radio, television and print media. Changing nature of mass media. Globalisation and the media
• Social movements: Concept of social movements. Theories and classification of social movements. Environmental movements. Class-based movements: Workers, peasants

Accountancy: Unit 01

• Accounting for not-for-profit organisation: Meaning and characteristics of not-for-profit organisation, accounting records of not-for-profit organisations, receipt and payment account, income and expenditure account, balance sheet, some peculiar items
• Accounting for not-for-profit organisation: Income and expenditure account based on trial balance, incidental trading activity
• Accounting for partnership: Basic concepts, nature of partnership, partnership deed, special aspects of partnership accounts, maintenance of capital accounts of partners, distribution of profit among partners, guarantee of profit to a partner
• Accounting for partnership: Past adjustments, final accounts
• Reconstitution of a partnership firm-admission of a partner: Modes of reconstitution of a partnership firm, admission of a new partner, new profit sharing ratio, sacrificing ratio, goodwill, adjustment for accumulated profits and losses
• Reconstitution of a partnership firm-admission of a partner: Revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, adjustment of capitals, change in profit sharing ratio among the existing partners

Accountancy: Unit 02

• Accounting for share capital: Features of a company, kinds of companies, share capital of a company, nature and classes of shares, issue of shares, accounting treatment, forfeiture of shares
• Issue and redemption of debentures: Meaning of debentures, distinction between shares and debentures, types of debentures, issue of debentures, over subscription, issue of debentures for consideration other than cash
• Issue and redemption of debentures: Issue of debentures as a collateral security, terms of issue of debentures, interest on debentures, writing off discount/ loss on issue of debentures, redemption of debentures, redemption by payment in lump sum
• Issue and redemption of debentures: Redemption by purchase in open market, redemption by conversion
• Financial statements of a company: Meaning of financial statements, nature of financial statements, objectives of financial statements, types of financial statements, uses and importance of financial statements, limitations of financial statements
• Analysis of financial statements: Meaning of analysis of financial statements, significance of analysis of financial statements, objectives of analysis of financial statements, tools of analysis of financial statements, comparative statements
• Analysis of financial statements: Common size statement, limitations of financial analysis
• Accounting ratios: Meaning of accounting ratios, objectives of ratio analysis, advantages of ratio analysis, limitations of ratio analysis, types of ratios, liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, activity (turnover) ratio, profitability ratios

Business studies: Unit 01

• Nature and significance of management: Management-concept, objectives, characteristics, importance and Nature. Management as science, art and profession. Levels of management. Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling
• Nature and significance of management: Coordination-concept and characteristics importance. Management in the 21st century
• Principles of management: Principles of management-concept nature and significance. Taylor’s scientific management-principles and techniques, Fayol’s principles of management. A comparison-Fayol versus Taylor
• Planning: Concept, importance, features and limitations of planning. Planning process. Types of planning, single use and standing plans. Objectives, strategy, policy, procedure, method, rule, budget and programme
• Staffing: Introduction, meaning, importance of staffing, evolution of human resource management, staffing process, aspects of staffing: Recruitment process, selection process, training and development: Training methods, on the job methods
• Staffing: Training and development-off the job methods
• Directing: Meaning and importance principles of directing, elements of directing, supervision, motivation-concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Financial and non-financial incentives, leadership-features, importance. Quality of a good leader
• Directing: Styles-authoritative democratic and Laissez faire communication-concept, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective communication, improving communication effectiveness

Business studies: Unit 02

• Financial markets: Concept, role and objectives of financial management. Financial decisions: Investment, financing and dividend-meaning and factors affecting them, financial planning-concept and importance
• Financial markets: Capital structure-concept and factors affecting capital structure. Fixed and working capital-concept and factors affecting their requirements
• Marketing management: Concept of marketing, marketing functions, marketing mix, product and classification of products. Consumer goods and their types, industrial product branding and good brand name features. Packaging and packaging levels
• Marketing management: Importance of packaging, functions of packaging, labeling. Criticism of price fixing, physical distribution and its components, advertising, advertising. Personal selling and its features, benefits and importance of personal selling
• Marketing management: Financial promotion, sales promotion benefits, limitations of promotion. The role of publicity, public relations, public relations
• Consumer protection: Concept and importance of consumer protection, legal protection to consumers, consumer protection act, consumer rights, consumer obligations, consumer protection methods and means, grievance redressal agencies
• Consumer protection: Consumer organizations and NGOs under consumer protection act role

Physics: Unit 01

• Electric charges and fields: Electric charge, conductors and insulators, charging by induction, basic properties of electric charge, Coulomb’s law, forces between multiple charges, electric field, electric field lines, electric flux, electric dipole
• Electric charges and fields: Dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution, Gauss’s law, applications of Gauss’s law
• Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Electrostatic potential, potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, potential due to a system of charges, equipotential surfaces, potential energy of a system of charges
• Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Potential energy in an external field, electrostatics of conductors, dielectrics and polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance
• Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Combination of capacitors, energy stored in a capacitor

Physics: Unit 02

• Current electricity: Electric current, electric currents in conductors, Ohm’s law, drift of electrons and the origin of resistivity, limitations of Ohm’s law, resistivity of various materials, temperature dependence of resistivity, electrical energy
• Current electricity: Power, combination of resistors-series and parallel, cells, EMF, internal resistance, cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff’s rules, Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge, potentiometer

Physics: Unit 03

• Moving charges and magnetism: Magnetic force, motion in a magnetic field, motion in combined electric and magnetic fields, magnetic field due to a current element, Biot-Savart law, magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop
• Moving charges and magnetism: Ampere’s circuital law, the solenoid and the toroid, force between two parallel currents-the ampere, torque on current loop, magnetic dipole, the moving coil galvanometer

Physics: Unit 04

• Electromagnetic induction: The experiments of Faraday and Henry, magnetic flux, Faraday’s law of induction, Lenz’s law and conservation of energy, motional electromotive force, energy consideration: A quantitative study, Eddy currents, inductance
• Electromagnetic induction: AC generator

Physics: Unit 05

• Ray optics and optical instruments: Reflection of light by spherical mirrors, refraction, total internal reflection, refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses, refraction through a prism, some natural phenomena due to sunlight, optical instruments.

Physics: Unit 06

• Dual nature of radiation and matter: Electron emission, photoelectric effect, experimental study of photoelectric effect, photoelectric effect and wave theory of light, Einstein’s photoelectric equation: Energy quantum of radiation
• Dual nature of radiation and matter: Particle nature of light-the photon, wave nature of matter, Davisson and Germer experiment

Physics: Unit 07

• Nuclei: Atomic masses and composition of nucleus, size of the nucleus, mass-energy and nuclear binding energy, nuclear force, radioactivity, nuclear energy

Physics: Unit 08

• Semiconductor electronics-materials, devices and simple circuits: Classification of metals, conductors and semiconductors, intrinsic semiconductor, extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction, semiconductor diode, application of junction diode as a rectifier
• Semiconductor electronics-materials, devices and simple circuits: Special purpose p-n junction diodes, digital electronics and logic gates

Chemistry: Unit 01

• General characteristics of solid state, amorphous and crystalline solids, classification of crystalline solids, crystal lattices and unit cells, number of atoms in a unit cell, close packed structures, packing efficiency
• Calculations involving unit cell dimensions, imperfections in solids, electrical properties, magnetic properties

Chemistry: Unit 02

• Types of solutions, expressing concentration of solutions, solubility, vapour pressure of liquid solutions, ideal and non-ideal solutions, colligative properties and determination of molar mass, abnormal molar masses

Chemistry: Unit 03

• Rate of a chemical reaction, factors influencing rate of a reaction, integrated rate equations, temperature dependence of the rate of a reaction, collision theory of chemical reactions

Chemistry: Unit 04

• Occurrence of metals, concentration of ores, extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore, thermodynamic principles of metallurgy, electrochemical principles of metallurgy, oxidation reduction, refining, uses of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron

Chemistry: Unit 05

• Position in the periodic table, electronic configurations of the d-block elements, general properties of the transition elements (d-block), some important compounds of transition elements, the lanthanides, the actinoids
• Some applications of d-and f-block elements

Chemistry: Unit 06

• Werner's theory of coordination compounds, definitions of some important terms pertaining to coordination compounds, nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination compounds, bonding in coordination compounds
• Bonding in metal carbonyls, importance and applications of coordination compounds

Chemistry: Unit 07

• Classification, nomenclature, nature of c–x bond, methods of preparation of haloalkanes, preparation of haloarenes, physical properties, chemical reactions, polyhalogen compounds

Chemistry: Unit 08

• Classification, nomenclature, structures of functional groups, alcohols and phenols, some commercially important alcohols, ethers

Chemistry: Unit 09

• Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group, preparation of aldehydes and ketones, physical properties, chemical reactions, uses of aldehydes and ketones, nomenclature and structure of carboxyl group
• Methods of preparation of carboxylic acids, physical properties, chemical reactions, uses of carboxylic acids

Chemistry: Unit 10

• Structure of amines, classification, nomenclature, preparation of amines, physical properties, chemical reactions, method of preparation of diazonium salts, physical properties, chemical reactions
• Importance of diazonium salts in synthesis of aromatic compounds

Chemistry: Unit 11

• Carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, nucleic acids, hormones

Biology: Unit 01

• Reproduction in organisms: (a) Asexual reproduction-binary fission ,sporulation. Buds, gemmules, vegetative propagules, fragmentation. (b) Sexual reproduction: Gametogenesis, sexuality in organisms: Unisexual, bisexual, hermaphrodites
• Reproduction in organisms: (b) Sexual reproduction-cell division during gamete formation-meiosis division, gametes transfer, fertilization: Internal fertilization, external fertilization, non-reproductive reproduction–the zygote, embryogenesis
• Reproduction in organisms: (b) Sexual reproduction-non-reproductive reproduction: Cell differentiation, egg progenitors, living progenitors
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Floral structure, pre-fertilization structures and phenomena: Stamens, microfibrils and pollinators, pistil, neoplasms and embryos, pollination, double fertilization, fertilization, post-formations and events
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Embryos, embryos, seeds, apomixis and polyembryony
• Reproductive health: Reproductive health-problems and strategies, population explosion and birth control, medical termination of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, infertility

Biology: Unit 02

• Principles of inheritance and variation: Mendel’s laws of inheritance, inheritance of one gene: Law of dominance, law of segregation, codominance, inheritance of two genes: Law of independent assortment, chromosomal theory of inheritance
• Principles of inheritance and variation: Inheritance of two genes-linkage and recombination, polygenic inheritance, pleiotropy, sex determination: Sex determination in humans, sex determination in honey bee, mutation, genetic disorders: Pedigree analysis
• Principles of inheritance and variation: Mendelian disorders-colour blindness, haemophilia, sickle-cell anaemia, phenylketonuria, thalassemia, chromosomal disorders
• Molecular basis of inheritance: The DNA, the search for genetic material, RNA world, replication, transcription, genetic code, translation, regulation of gene expression, Human Genome Project, DNA fingerprinting

Biology: Unit 03

• Human health and disease: Common diseases in humans-bacterial, virus borne, fungal, protozoan and worm borne, immunity-innate immunity, acquired immunity, active and passive immunity, vaccination and immunization, allergies, auto immunity
• Human health and disease: Immune system in the body, aids, cancer, drugs and alcohol abuse
• Strategies for enhancement in food production: Animal husbandry-dairy farm management, poultry farm management, animal breeding, bee-keeping, fisheries, what is plant breeding?, plant breeding for disease resistance
• Strategies for enhancement in food production: Plant breeding for developing resistance to insect pests, single cell proteins, tissue culture

Biology: Unit 04

• Biotechnology-principles and processes: Principles of biotechnology-genetic engineering, bioprocess engineering, tools of recombinant DNA technology-restriction enzymes, cloning vectors, competent host (for transformation with recombinant DNA)
• Biotechnology-principles and processes: Processes of recombinant DNA technology-isolation of the genetic material (DNA), cutting of DNA at specific locations, amplification of gene of interest using PCR
• Biotechnology-principles and processes: Processes of recombinant DNA technology-insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell/ organism, obtaining the foreign gene product, downstream processing
• Biotechnology and its applications: Biotechnological applications in agriculture, biotechnological applications in medicine-genetically engineered insulin, gene therapy, molecular diagnosis, transgenic animals, ethical issues

Biology: Unit 05

• Ecosystems: Structure And function, productivity, decomposition, energy flow, ecological pyramids, ecological succession, nutrient cycling, ecosystem services
• Biodiversity and conservation: Patterns of biodiversity, loss of biodiversity, biodiversity conservation