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NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 13 is one of the easiest yet most practical chapters from the book that investigated different aspects of ecology and various unique phenomena taking place around us. The NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 13 have been carefully prepared by experts in this field keeping in mind the guidelines and marking scheme of CBSE that will help and aid students for their Board exams. The professionals have much experience over years and have given their best in forming these solutions of NCERT. These solutions can also be accessed offline through NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 13 pdf download to provide you with the best study and reference material for your exams.
Also read - NCERT Class 12 Biology Solutions.
Question:1
Autecology is the:
a. Relation of heterogeneous populations to its environment
b. Relation of an individual to its environment
c. Relation of a community to its environment
d. Relation of a biome to its environment
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) Relation of an individual to its environment
Explanation: Relation of an individual to its environment is called auto ecology. An individual is closest to the species hence ‚’ b’ is the correct answer.
Question:2
Ecotone is:
a. A polluted area
b. The bottom of a lake
c. A zone of transition between two communities
d. A zone of developing community
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) A zone of transition between two communities
Explanation: (c) A zone of transition between two communities
Question:3
Biosphere is:
a. a component in the ecosystem
b. composed of the plants present in the soil
c. life in the outer space
d. composed of all living organisms present on earth which interact with the physical environment
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) composed of all living organisms present on earth which interact with the physical environment
Explanation: Biosphere is the thin zone of interaction of hydrosphere, atmosphere and troposphere where living beings are found.
Question:4
The ecological niche is:
a. the surface area of the ocean
b. an ecologically adapted zone
c. the physical position and functional role of a species within the community
d. formed of all plants and animals living at the bottom of a lake
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) the physical position and functional role of a species within the community
Explanation: (c) the physical position and functional role of a species within the community
Question:5
According to Allen’s Rule, the mammals from colder climates have:
a. shorter ears and longer limbs
b. longer ears and shorter limbs
c. longer ears and longer limbs
d. shorter ears and shorter limbs
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) shorter ears and shorter limbs
Explanation: Joel Asaph and Allen proposed this rule in 1877. According to this rule, the body shape and proportions of endotherms vary according to climatic temperature. In colder climate, the surface area is minimized to prevent heat loss and it is maximized in warm climate to promote heat loss. Endotherms in cold climate usually have small ears and small legs.
Question:6
Salt concentration (Salinity) of the sea measured in parts per thousand is:
a. 10 – 15
b. 30 – 70
c. 0 – 5
d. 30 – 35
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) 30-35
Question:7
Formation of tropical forests needs mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation as:
a. 18 – 25°C and 150 – 400 cm
b. 5 – 15°C and 50 – 100 cm
c. 30 – 50°C and 100 – 150 cm
d. 5 – 15°C and 100 – 200 cm
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) 18- 25°C and 150- 400 cm
Question:8
Which of the following forest plants controls the light conditions at the ground?
a. Lianas and climbers
b. Shrubs
c. Tall trees
d. Herbs
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) Tall trees
Explanation: Tall trees form dense canopy and thus control the amount of light, which reaches the ground.
Question:9
What will happen to a well-growing herbaceous plant in the forest if it is transplanted outside the forest in a park?
a. It will grow normally
b. It will grow well because it is planted in the same locality
c. It may not survive because of a change in its micro-climate
d. It grows very well because the plant gets more sunlight
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) It may not survive because of change in its microclimate
Question:10
If a population of 50 Paramoecium present in a pool increases to 150 after an hour, what would be the growth rate of the population?
a. 50 per hour
b. 200 per hour
c. 5 per hour
d. 100 per hour
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) 100 per hour
Question:11
What would be the per cent growth or birth rate per individual per hour for the same population mentioned in the previous question (Question 10)?
a. 100
b. 200
c. 50
d. 150
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) 200
Explanation: New population - Old population
Percentage growth
Question:12
A population has more young individuals compared to older individuals. What would be the status of the population after some years?
a. It will decline
b. It will stabilise
c. It will increase
d. It will first decline and then stabilize
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) It will increase
Explanation: A higher portion of young population means birth rate is higher than mortality and hence population will grow.
Question:13
What parameters are used for tiger census in our country’s national parks and sanctuaries?
a. Pugmarks only
b. Pugmarks and faecal pellets
c. Faecal pellets only
d. Actual headcounts
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) Pug marks and faecal pellets
Explanation: (b) Pug marks and faecal pellets
Question:14
Which of the following would necessarily decrease the density of a population in a given habitat.
a. Natality > mortality
b. Immigration > emigration
c. Mortality and emigration
d. Natality and immigration
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) Mortality and emigration
Question:15
a. 128
b. 24
c. 64
d. 32
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) 64
Explanation: After six generations, population
Question:16
In 2005, for each of the 14 million people present in a country, 0.028 were born and 0.008 died during the year. Using the exponential equation, the number of people present in 2015 is predicted as:
a. 25 million
b. 17 million
c. 20 million
d. 18 million
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) 17 millions
Explanation: Use the formula for compound interest.
Here, P = 14 million, r = 2% and time = 10 years
Population after 10 years = million
Question:17
Amensalism is an association between two species where:
a. one species is harmed and other is benefitted
b. one species is harmed and other is unaffected
c. one species is benefitted and other is unaffected
d. both the species are harmed.
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) one species is harmed and other is unaffected
Question:18
Lichens are an association of:
a. bacteria and fungus
b. alga and bacterium
c. fungus and alga
d. fungus and virus
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) fungus and algae
Explanation: This is a kind of mutualism. Fungus provides water and minerals, while algae prepare the food.
Question:19
Which of the following is a partial root parasite?
a. Sandalwood
b. Mistletoe
c. Orobanche
d. Ganoderma
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) Sandal wood
Explanation: Orobanche is an obligate parasitic herbaceous plant and is found in temperate climate in the Northern hemisphere. However, Sandal wood is a partial root parasite.
Question:20
Which one of the following organisms reproduces sexually only once in its lifetime?
a. Banana
b. Mango
c. Tomato
d. Eucalyptus
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) Eucalyptus
Question:1
Species that can tolerate a narrow range of temperature are called ______.
Answer:
Stenothermic
Organisms and Population Excercise: 1.4
Question:2
Answer:
Species, which can tolerate and thrive in a wide range of temperatures, are called eurythermic species.
Question:4
Answer:
Species, which thrive in a narrow range of salinity, are called stenohaline species.
Question:5
What is the interaction between two species called?
Answer:
The interaction between two species is called interspecific interaction.
Question:6
Answer:
Relationship between two organisms in which one organism is benefitted, and there is a neutral effect on another organism; is called commensalism.
Many commensals live in the alimentary canal of humans to get shelter and food, but they have neither a positive nor negative impact on humans.
Question:8
Answer:
Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association between the fungus and the roots of higher plants. The fungi get shelter and food, and lieu of that helps the plant in absorption of phosphorous from the soil. It also provides resistance to the pant from root-borne pathogens.
Question:9
Emergent land plants that can tolerate the salinities of the sea are called.
Answer:
Euryhaline
Question:10
Why do high altitude areas have brighter sunlight and lower temperatures as compared to the plains?
Answer:
When sunlight reaches us, it undergoes refraction through several layers of the atmosphere. The relative degree of refraction at higher altitude is less than at lower altitude. Due to this, sunlight appears brighter at high altitudes than in plains. Temperature reduces with increase in altitude. Due to this, higher altitudes have a lower temperature compared to the plains.
Question:11
Answer:
The process by which an organism maintains constancy in its internal environment is called homeostasis. Osmoregulation and thermoregulation are parts of homeostasis.
Question:12
Answer:
When an organism goes into summer sleep to avoid unfavourable environment; this process is called aestivation.
Question:13
What are diapause and its significance?
Answer:
The period of suspended development in order to tide over the unfavourable conditions is called diapause.
Question:14
What would be the growth rate pattern, when the resources are unlimited?
Answer:
When resources are unlimited, the growth rate of population is exponential. This gives a J- shaped curve on the graph.
Question:15
What are the organisms that feed on plant sap and other plant parts called?
Answer:
Organisms that feed on plant sap and other plant parts are called phytophagous.
Question:16
What is high altitude sickness? Write its symptoms.
Answer:
A range of symptoms due to the low atmospheric pressure of high altitudes, the body does not get enough oxygen is called high altitude sickness. The symptoms of altitude sickness are nausea, fatigue and heart palpitations.
Question:17
Give a suitable example for commensalism.
Answer:
Egrets ride on the back of cattle. When cattle forage for grass, insects fly away abruptly. This gives the egrets a chance to feed on those insects. In this relationship, cattle get no benefit from egrets. This can be considered a suitable example of commensalism.
Question:18
Define ectoparasite and endoparasite and give suitable examples.
Answer:
Ectoparasite: Parasites which live on the body of hosts are called ectoparasites, e.g. leech and ticks.
Endoparasites: Parasites which live inside the body of hosts are called endoparasites, e.g. roundworms and hookworms.
Question:19
What is brood parasitism? Explain with the help of an example.
Answer:
In this type of parasitism, a bird lays its eggs in the nest of another bird. The eggs resemble those of the host bird. The host bird incubates the eggs, unaware of its actual identity. This is seen in Koyal (cuckoo) which lays its eggs in a crow’s nest.
Question:1
Answer:
In West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh, freshwater is released from the Ganges and some other rivers. Due to this, coral reefs are not found in regions from West Bengal to Andhra Pradesh. From Tamil Nadu to the southern tip of the east coast, coral reefs are present because of no interference from freshwater.
Question:2
Answer:
Freshwater is adapted to maintain its homeostasis in freshwater. It is unable to do so in saline water. Hence, the fish will not survive in an aquarium, which contains seawater.
Question:3
Answer:
In freshwater organisms, the concentration of solute inside the cell is higher than that in the external environment. This means that the external environment is hypotonic. This leads to a movement of water inside the cells because of osmosis. Contractile vacuoles work like safety devices and prevent lysis of the cell. In marine organisms, the concentration of solute inside the cell is lower than that in the external environment.
This means that the external environment is hypertonic. Hence, the cell does not have to face the risk of lysis. This explains the absence of contractile vacuoles in marine organisms.
Question:4
Answer:
Heliophyte: Plants, which are adapted to live under plenty of sunlight, are called heliophytes, e.g. banyan. Heliophytes form the roof of a forest.
Sciophyte: Plants, which are adapted to live under low light conditions, are called sciophtyes, e.g. herbs. Sciophytes form the understory of a forest.
Question:5
Why do submerged plants receive weaker illumination than exposed floating plants in a lake?
Answer:
Most of the colours from the visible spectrum fail to reach deep into a water body. This happens because of the refraction of light through different layers of water. Due to this, floating plants get plenty of sunlight, but submerged plants get weaker illumination.
Question:6
In a seashore, the benthic animals live in sandy, muddy, and rocky substrata and accordingly developed the following adaptations.
a. Burrowing
b. Building cubes
c. Holdfasts / peduncle
Find suitable substratum against each adaptation.
Answer:
(a) These animals live in the sandy substratum and make burrows, e.g. lobsters, crabs, etc. (b) These animals live in muddy substratum as cube-like aggregates. The small size of cube helps in passive feeding mechanisms, e.g. zooplanktons.
(c) These animals live in the rocky substratum and attach to the substratum with the help of holdfast, e.g. sponges.
Question:7
Categorise the following plants into hydrophytes, halophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes. Give reasons for your answers.
a. Salvinia
b. Opuntia
c. Rhizophora
d. Mangifera
Answer:
Plants | Adaption | Reason |
Salvinia | Hydrophyte | Lives in water and is a floating plant |
Opuntia | Xerophytes | Lives in the desert |
Rhizophora | Halophyte | Lives in mangrove forests and is adapted to saline marshes |
Mangifera | Mesophyte | It is the scientific name of mango. Mango plants are found in a moderate climate. |
Question:8
Answer:
Plant Name - Type
(a) Hydrilla - Rooted submerged
(b) Typha - Rooted emergent
(c) Nymphaea - Rooted with floating leaves
(d) Lemna -Free-floating
(e) Vallisnaria- Rooted emergent
Question:9
The density of a population in a habitat per unit area is measured in different units. Write the unit of measurement against the following:
a. Bacteria _______________
b. Banyan _______________
c. Deer _______________
d. Fish _______________
Answer:
(a) Number unit volume
(b) Biomass/ square kilometer (Area)
(c) Number/of square kilometer (Area)
(d) Weight/square kilometer (Area)
Question:10
Label the three tiers 1, 2, 3 given in the above age pyramid.
b. What type of population growth is represented by the above age pyramid?
Answer:
(a) 1: Pre-reproductive, 2: Reproductive, 3: Post-reproductive
(b) This age pyramid shows an expanding population.
Question:11
Answer:
Termite and Trichonympha show mutualism; a relationship in which both the organisms are benefited from each other. Trichonympha breaks down cellulose in the wood and thus help the termite in the digestion of wood. Trichonympha also feeds on fragments of wood.
Question:12
Answer:
Lianas are in competition with other trees. While taking support from other trees, lianas usually strangulate the other tree. They also compete for sunlight and water and in the process, harm the host tree.
Question:13
Give the scientific names of any two microorganisms inhabiting the human intestine.
Answer:
Propionibacterium and E. coli
Question:14
Answer:
The edge of the habitat at which trees are capable of growing is called the tree line. Trees show stunted growth at the tree line. They cannot grow beyond the tree line because of unfavourable environmental conditions.
Treeline shows a gradual transition from dense cover to sparse cover.
Question:15
Define ‘zero population growth rate’. Draw an age pyramid for the same.
Answer:
Zero population growth rate is seen when the population of a location neither grows nor declines. The following pyramid shows a population with zero growth rate.
Organisms and Population Exercise: 1.4
Question:16
List any four characters that are employed in the human population census.
Answer:
Following are the four characters that are employed in human population census:
Sex-ratio
Age group
Occupation
Income
Question:17
Give one example for each of the following types.
a) Migratory animal
b) Camouflaged animal
c) Predator animal
d) Biological control agent
e) Phytophagous animal
f) Chemical defence agent
Answer:
(a) Siberian crane (b) Chameleon (c) Lion (d) Dragonfly (e) Honey bee (f) Capsaicin produced by bell pepper
Question:18
Species A | Species B | Type of interaction | Example |
+ | - | ......B...... | .....D.... |
+ | + | .......C....... | ......E..... |
+ | ......A...... | Commensalism | ....F..... |
Answer:
Species A | Species B | Type of interaction | Example |
+ | . | Predation | Rabbit and lion |
+ | + | Mutualism | Lichen |
+ | 0 | Commensalism | Egrets nd cattle |
Question:19
Observe the set of 4 figures A, B, C and D and, answer the following questions
i. Which one of the figures shows mutualism?
ii. What kind of association is shown in D?
iii. Name the organisms and the association in C.
iv. What role is the insect performing in B?
Answer:
(a) Figure ‚’ A’ shows mutualism because the butterfly gets the food from the plant and helps the plant in pollination.
(b) This shows predation in which a carnivore is eating herbivore.
(c) This shows the association between egrets and buffaloes. This shows commensalism.
(d) Insect is performing the role ectoparasite.
Question:1
Comment on the following figures: 1, 2 and 3:
Answer:
Figure 1 shows a population of species A. All the individuals are interacting among themselves.
Figure 2 shows a community with three populations of A, B and C. They are interacting with each other and their environment.
Figure 3 shows a biome with three communities. One of the communities is in the climax, and the other two are at different stages of development. All the three communities are in the same environment, and they interact with each other and with the environment.
Question:2
An individual and population have certain characteristics. Name these attributes with definitions.
Answer:
A population has certain characteristics that and individual does not have. Following are the main attributes of the population:
Birth Rate: An individual is born, but a population shows the birth rate. The birth rate is usually expressed in terms of the number of births per thousand population.
Death Rate: An individual dies, but a population shows the death rate. The death rate is usually expressed in terms of a number of deaths per thousand population.
Sex Ratio: An individual is either a male or a female, but a population shows sex ratio. The ratio of a number of males to the number of females is called sex ratio. For example, the sex ratio in India is 934 females to 1000 males.
Age Distribution: An individual can be of a certain age, but a population has people of different ages. For convenience, age groups are taken into consideration. Age group is normally categorized as pre-reproduction, reproduction, and post-reproduction age groups.
Population Density: Population density is usually taken in terms of the number of individuals per square km. Population density depends on various abiotic factors. The plains usually have extremely high population density while mountains have very low population density.
Question:3
Answer:
Figure A shows a population, in which the ratio of individuals in pre-reproductive age is highest, following by reproductive age and post-reproductive age. This pyramid shows a growing population.
Figure B shows a population in which the number of individuals in pre-reproductive and reproductive age is equal. A number of individuals in post-reproductive age is less. This pyramid shows a stable population, i.e. population growth, is negligible.
Figure C shows a population in which the number of individuals in pre-reproductive age is the least. The number of individuals in reproductive age is the highest. Less number of individuals in pre-reproductive age shows a negative growth rate in the population. This pyramid shows a population in de-growth.
Question:4
Comment on the growth curve given below.
Answer:
The growth curve in this figure shows logistic growth of population. We know that resources are limited in nature, and they cannot support unlimited growth in population. Limited resources mean tough competition for resources among individuals. Only those survive which are fit to survive in such a condition. This is what happens in a real-life situation.
In the initial phase, the population shows a lag phase, i.e. it grows at a slow pace.
The lag phase is followed by a phase of acceleration, during which population growth is rapid. The acceleration phase is followed by a phase of deceleration, during which population growth slows down.
Finally, a phase comes when population density reaches the carrying capacity. Carrying capacity defines the load limit of nature; in terms of sustaining a particular population density. Once the population density reaches the carrying capacity, it reaches the phase of the asymptote. This is the phase when population beings to show negative growth.
Question:5
Answer:
The population of Paramoecium will show logistic growth which can be shown by a sigmoid curve. The population growth will show the following phases:
(a) Lag phase
(b) Acceleration phase
(c) Deceleration phase
(d) Asymptote phase
The asymptote phase shall be reached on the fifth day. The following figure shows the growth curve:
Question:6
Discuss the various types of positive interactions between species.
Answer:
Following are the positive interactions between species:
(a) Mutualism: This is a relationship between two organisms in which both the organisms are benefitted. Lichen is a particularly good example of mutualism. Lichen is an association of fungi and algae. The fungal part attaches to the substratum and gets water and minerals for the algal part. The algal part carries out photosynthesis and provides food to the fungal part.
(b) Commensalism: This is a relationship between two organisms in which one organism is benefitted, while another organism is neither a gain nor a loss. Egrets keep on sitting on the back of herbivore animals, like buffalo, cow, etc. when the cattle forage for grass, the insects under the grass fly away haphazardly. This gives a chance to the egrets to feed on insects. Without the help of cattle, it will be difficult for egrets to find insects in the grass. In this relationship, there is no benefit to the cattle.
Question:7
Answer:
Gause proposed that when resources are limited then out of the two competing species, one of the species will eventually become extinct. The species with superior predatory skills will survive in the end. But the evidence for such conclusive extinction is rare in nature. Many recent studies do not support Gause’s Principle of competitive exclusion. One of the means to survive is called resource partitioning.
For example, if two species compete for the same resource; they partition their time of foraging or different foraging patterns. MacArthur showed that five species of warblers living on the same tree effectively change their feeding patterns to survive in limited resources. The same thing can happen in the given aquarium. Either the resources are unlimited, or two herbivorous species of fish may have changed their feeding times or feeding pattern to survive in the aquarium.
Question:8
Answer:
Parasites show the following types of adaptations:
(a) Morphological Adaptations: Many parasites are bigger in size than their free-living counterparts are. This helps in producing more eggs, necessary for survival. Endoparasites lose unnecessary sense organs to conserve resources. Endoparasites lose their gut or gut is reduced in size. They absorb nutrients through the skin. Special organs for attachment are present, e.g. suckers.
(b) Life Cycle Adaptations: An endoparasite needs some way to enter another host. Many parasites use a secondary host for this purpose. For example, plasmodium uses mosquitoes as secondary hosts so that they can easily infect another primary host. Some parasites lay their eggs in the lower portion of the alimentary canal of the host so that eggs or cysts can go out along with stool. Later on, the cysts get transmitted to another host through contaminated food and water, e.g. Entamoeba histolytica.
(c) Immunological Adaptations: Some parasites engulf antigens from the host. Some parasites disturb the immunological function of the host. These mechanisms help the parasite survive immunological response of the host.
(d) Biochemical Adaptations: Many endoparasites do not produce digestive enzymes. They rely on the host’s digestive enzymes and absorb the simple nutrients. Endoparasites do not carry out the synthetic reaction. This is possible because their energy need is very low, which is fulfilled from the host’s resources.
Question:9
Answer:
A biome is a climatically and geographically contiguous area with similar climatic conditions. Both organic and inorganic components are similar in a particular type of biome. However, regional and local variations exist within each biome. To understand this, let us consider the following examples.
Coniferous forest is a type of biome which mainly contains trees which bear cones with sees inside. In all the coniferous forests around the world, coniferous trees are the main plant species. But regional variations exist in coniferous forests. The coniferous forests of North America are dominated by black spruce. On the other hand, the coniferous forests of northeast Europe are dominated by Norway spruce. Forests of Siberia are dominated by pine. This shows regional variations in a particular type of biome.
In the case of coniferous forests, the canopy is so thick that negligible sunlight reaches the ground. This results in sparse vegetation on the ground. The dense canopy on top and sparse vegetation at ground show local variations in a particular type of biome.
Question:10
Answer:
Minerals are responsible for causing soil salinity. Following are some of the cause for the increase in soil salinity:
High level of salt in the soil.
Water table movement because of landscape features.
Human activities; like clearing of land and excess use of synthetic fertilizers.
Salt runoff from streets can happen in cold climates because salt is applied on the road to prevent snow accumulation.
Measurement of Soil salinity: Soil salinity is measured in terms of a gram per litre of soil solution or electrical conductivity in dS/m. Soil salinity is usually determined from an extract of the saturated paste of soil, and then EC is termed as ECe. When 4 < ECe < 8, the soil is termed as slightly saline. When 8 < ECe < 16, the soil is termed as moderately saline. When ECe > 16, the soil is termed as highly saline.
Question:11
Answer:
Light is an important factor in determining the distribution of organisms. We know that green plants need sunlight to carry out photosynthesis, and hence the distribution of green plants is highly dependent on the amount of illumination. This is the reason; tropics have dense plant cover, but poles have negligible plants. Moreover, plants also need sunlight for flowering. This phenomenon is called photoperiodism.
Hence, based on photoperiodism, plants are categorized as short-day plants, long-day plants and day-neutral plants. The area near equator gets a long duration of light as compared to the area near poles. Thus, this affects the distribution of plants on earth. Animals too depend on light and show certain behavioural pattern based on diurnal and seasonal variations in light. Many animals get up early in the morning and start foraging. The nocturnal animals remain active during the night only, e.g. owl. Reproductive and migratory activities are also governed by the amount period of illumination in many animals.
Question:12
Give one example for each of the following:
i. Eurythermal plant species _______________
ii. A hot water spring organism _______________
iii. An organism seen in deep ocean trenches _______________
iv. An organism seen in compost pit _______________
v. A parasitic angiosperm _______________
vi. A stenothermal plant species _______________
vii. Soil organism _______________
viii. A benthic animal _______________
ix. Antifreeze compound seen in antarctic fish _______________
x. An organism which can conform _______________
Answer:
(a) Gracilaria (b) Alycyclobacillus (c) Giant tube worms (d) Earthworm (e) Misteltoe (f) Pine (g) Earthworm (h) Sponge (i) Antifreeze glycoproteins (j) Mangifera
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Chapter 1 | |
Chapter 2 | |
Chapter 3 | |
Chapter 4 | |
Chapter 5 | |
Chapter 6 | |
Chapter 7 | |
Chapter 8 | |
Chapter 9 | |
Chapter 10 | |
Chapter 11 | |
Chapter 12 | |
Chapter 13 | |
Chapter 14 | |
Chapter 15 | |
Chapter 16 |
The solutions provided under NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 13 are fully reliable for exams and are created by trained professionals to help you score great in exams.
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Application Date:20 November,2023 - 19 December,2023
Application Date:20 November,2023 - 19 December,2023
hello,
Yes you can appear for the compartment paper again since CBSE gives three chances to a candidate to clear his/her exams so you still have two more attempts. However, you can appear for your improvement paper for all subjects but you cannot appear for the ones in which you have failed.
I hope this was helpful!
Good Luck
Hello dear,
If you was not able to clear 1st compartment and now you giving second compartment so YES, you can go for your improvement exam next year but if a student receives an improvement, they are given the opportunity to retake the boards as a private candidate the following year, but there are some requirements. First, the student must pass all of their subjects; if they received a compartment in any subject, they must then pass the compartment exam before being eligible for the improvement.
As you can registered yourself as private candidate for giving your improvement exam of 12 standard CBSE(Central Board of Secondary Education).For that you have to wait for a whole year which is bit difficult for you.
Positive side of waiting for whole year is you have a whole year to preparing yourself for your examination. You have no distraction or something which may causes your failure in the exams. In whole year you have to stay focused on your 12 standard examination for doing well in it. By this you get a highest marks as a comparison of others.
Believe in Yourself! You can make anything happen
All the very best.
Hello Student,
I appreciate your Interest in education. See the improvement is not restricted to one subject or multiple subjects and we cannot say if improvement in one subject in one year leads to improvement in more subjects in coming year.
You just need to have a revision of all subjects what you have completed in the school. have a revision and practice of subjects and concepts helps you better.
All the best.
If you'll do hard work then by hard work of 6 months you can achieve your goal but you have to start studying for it dont waste your time its a very important year so please dont waste it otherwise you'll regret.
Yes, you can take admission in class 12th privately there are many colleges in which you can give 12th privately.
The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.
Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.
Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.
GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.
A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.
If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy, IIT Kharagpur, JMI New Delhi.
The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.
Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.
Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.
A career as a Finance Executive requires one to be responsible for monitoring an organisation's income, investments and expenses to create and evaluate financial reports. His or her role involves performing audits, invoices, and budget preparations. He or she manages accounting activities, bank reconciliations, and payable and receivable accounts.
An Investment Banking career involves the invention and generation of capital for other organizations, governments, and other entities. Individuals who opt for a career as Investment Bankers are the head of a team dedicated to raising capital by issuing bonds. Investment bankers are termed as the experts who have their fingers on the pulse of the current financial and investing climate. Students can pursue various Investment Banker courses, such as Banking and Insurance, and Economics to opt for an Investment Banking career path.
Bank Branch Managers work in a specific section of banking related to the invention and generation of capital for other organisations, governments, and other entities. Bank Branch Managers work for the organisations and underwrite new debts and equity securities for all type of companies, aid in the sale of securities, as well as help to facilitate mergers and acquisitions, reorganisations, and broker trades for both institutions and private investors.
Treasury analyst career path is often regarded as certified treasury specialist in some business situations, is a finance expert who specifically manages a company or organisation's long-term and short-term financial targets. Treasurer synonym could be a financial officer, which is one of the reputed positions in the corporate world. In a large company, the corporate treasury jobs hold power over the financial decision-making of the total investment and development strategy of the organisation.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.
A career as Bank Probationary Officer (PO) is seen as a promising career opportunity and a white-collar career. Each year aspirants take the Bank PO exam. This career provides plenty of career development and opportunities for a successful banking future. If you have more questions about a career as Bank Probationary Officer (PO), what is probationary officer or how to become a Bank Probationary Officer (PO) then you can read the article and clear all your doubts.
Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.
A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.
A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.
A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.
A Team Leader is a professional responsible for guiding, monitoring and leading the entire group. He or she is responsible for motivating team members by providing a pleasant work environment to them and inspiring positive communication. A Team Leader contributes to the achievement of the organisation’s goals. He or she improves the confidence, product knowledge and communication skills of the team members and empowers them.
A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software.
Individuals in the architecture career are the building designers who plan the whole construction keeping the safety and requirements of the people. Individuals in architect career in India provides professional services for new constructions, alterations, renovations and several other activities. Individuals in architectural careers in India visit site locations to visualize their projects and prepare scaled drawings to submit to a client or employer as a design. Individuals in architecture careers also estimate build costs, materials needed, and the projected time frame to complete a build.
Having a landscape architecture career, you are involved in site analysis, site inventory, land planning, planting design, grading, stormwater management, suitable design, and construction specification. Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of Central Park in New York introduced the title “landscape architect”. The Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (AILA) proclaims that "Landscape Architects research, plan, design and advise on the stewardship, conservation and sustainability of development of the environment and spaces, both within and beyond the built environment". Therefore, individuals who opt for a career as a landscape architect are those who are educated and experienced in landscape architecture. Students need to pursue various landscape architecture degrees, such as M.Des, M.Plan to become landscape architects. If you have more questions regarding a career as a landscape architect or how to become a landscape architect then you can read the article to get your doubts cleared.
An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.
Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.
A veterinary doctor is a medical professional with a degree in veterinary science. The veterinary science qualification is the minimum requirement to become a veterinary doctor. There are numerous veterinary science courses offered by various institutes. He or she is employed at zoos to ensure they are provided with good health facilities and medical care to improve their life expectancy.
A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.
Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.
When it comes to an operation theatre, there are several tasks that are to be carried out before as well as after the operation or surgery has taken place. Such tasks are not possible without surgical tech and surgical tech tools. A single surgeon cannot do it all alone. It’s like for a footballer he needs his team’s support to score a goal the same goes for a surgeon. It is here, when a surgical technologist comes into the picture. It is the job of a surgical technologist to prepare the operation theatre with all the required equipment before the surgery. Not only that, once an operation is done it is the job of the surgical technologist to clean all the equipment. One has to fulfil the minimum requirements of surgical tech qualifications.
Also Read: Career as Nurse
People might think that a radiation therapist only spends most of his/her time in a radiation operation unit but that’s not the case. In reality, a radiation therapist’s job is not as easy as it seems. The job of radiation therapist requires him/her to be attentive, hardworking, and dedicated to his/her work hours. A radiation therapist is on his/her feet for a long duration and might be required to lift or turn disabled patients. Because a career as a radiation therapist involves working with radiation and radioactive material, a radiation therapist is required to follow the safety procedures in order to make sure that he/she is not exposed to a potentially harmful amount of radiation.
A recreational worker is a professional who designs and leads activities to provide assistance to people to adopt a healthy lifestyle. He or she instructs physical exercises and games to have fun and improve fitness. A recreational worker may work in summer camps, fitness and recreational sports centres, nature parks, nursing care facilities, and other settings. He or she may lead crafts, sports, music, games, drama and other activities.
An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.
For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.
Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.
Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages. Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.
The career as a Talent Agent is filled with responsibilities. A Talent Agent is someone who is involved in the pre-production process of the film. It is a very busy job for a Talent Agent but as and when an individual gains experience and progresses in the career he or she can have people assisting him or her in work. Depending on one’s responsibilities, number of clients and experience he or she may also have to lead a team and work with juniors under him or her in a talent agency. In order to know more about the job of a talent agent continue reading the article.
If you want to know more about talent agent meaning, how to become a Talent Agent, or Talent Agent job description then continue reading this article.
Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.
A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.
Individuals who opt for a career as a talent director are professionals who work in the entertainment industry. He or she is responsible for finding out the right talent through auditions for films, theatre productions, or shows. A talented director possesses strong knowledge of computer software used in filmmaking, CGI and animation. A talent acquisition director keeps himself or herself updated on various technical aspects such as lighting, camera angles and shots.
Careers in videography are art that can be defined as a creative and interpretive process that culminates in the authorship of an original work of art rather than a simple recording of a simple event. It would be wrong to portrait it as a subcategory of photography, rather photography is one of the crafts used in videographer jobs in addition to technical skills like organization, management, interpretation, and image-manipulation techniques. Students pursue Visual Media, Film, Television, Digital Video Production to opt for a videographer career path. The visual impacts of a film are driven by the creative decisions taken in videography jobs. Individuals who opt for a career as a videographer are involved in the entire lifecycle of a film and production.
A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.
In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.
Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.
For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.
In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. Ever since internet cost got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, the career as vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the career as vlogger, how to become a vlogger, so on and so forth then continue reading the article. Students can visit Jamia Millia Islamia, Asian College of Journalism, Indian Institute of Mass Communication to pursue journalism degrees.
Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.
Advertising managers consult with the financial department to plan a marketing strategy schedule and cost estimates. We often see advertisements that attract us a lot, not every advertisement is just to promote a business but some of them provide a social message as well. There was an advertisement for a washing machine brand that implies a story that even a man can do household activities. And of course, how could we even forget those jingles which we often sing while working?
Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.
A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.
A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.
Production Manager Job Description: A Production Manager is responsible for ensuring smooth running of manufacturing processes in an efficient manner. He or she plans and organises production schedules. The role of Production Manager involves estimation, negotiation on budget and timescales with the clients and managers.
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Quality Assurance Manager Job Description: A QA Manager is an administrative professional responsible for overseeing the activity of the QA department and staff. It involves developing, implementing and maintaining a system that is qualified and reliable for testing to meet specifications of products of organisations as well as development processes.
A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.
Are you searching for a Reliability Engineer job description? A Reliability Engineer is responsible for ensuring long lasting and high quality products. He or she ensures that materials, manufacturing equipment, components and processes are error free. A Reliability Engineer role comes with the responsibility of minimising risks and effectiveness of processes and equipment.
A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.
Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.
Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
ITSM Manager is a professional responsible for heading the ITSM (Information Technology Service Management) or (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) processes. He or she ensures that operation management provides appropriate resource levels for problem resolutions. The ITSM Manager oversees the level of prioritisation for the problems, critical incidents, planned as well as proactive tasks.
Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack
Big Data Analytics Engineer Job Description: A Big Data Analytics Engineer is responsible for collecting data from various sources. He or she has to sort the organised and chaotic data to find out patterns. The role of Big Data Engineer involves converting messy information into useful data that is clean, accurate and actionable.
A Cloud Solutions Developer is basically a Software Engineer with specialisation in cloud computing. He or she possesses a solid understanding of cloud systems including their operations, deployment with security and efficiency with no little downtime.
A Customer Relationship Management Technology Consultant or CRM Technology Consultant is responsible for monitoring and providing strategy for performance improvement with logged calls, performance metrics and revenue metrics. His or her role involves accessing data for team meetings, goal setting analytics as well as reporting to executives.
Career as IT Manager requires managing the various aspects of an organization's information technology systems. He or she is responsible for increasing productivity and solving problems related to software and hardware. While this role is typically one of the lower-level positions within an organisation, it comes with responsibilities related to people and ownership of systems.
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