NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6 Principles and Processes of isolation of elements

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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6 Principles and Processes of isolation of elements

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Edited By Sumit Saini | Updated on Sep 16, 2022 05:34 PM IST | #CBSE Class 12th

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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6: MCQ (Type 1)
Question:1
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6: MCQ (Type 2)
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6: Short Answer Type
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6: Matching Type
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6: Assertion and Reason Type
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6: Long Answer Type
Major Subtopics in NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6 Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6 Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6: MCQ (Type 1)

Question:1

In the extraction of chlorine by electrolysis of brine ____________.
(i) oxidation of $\text {Cl}^{-}$ ion to chlorine gas occurs.
(ii) reduction of $\text {Cl}^{-}$ ion to chlorine gas occurs.
(iii) For the overall reaction, $\Delta \text {G}^{\ominus }$ has a negative value.
(iv) a displacement reaction takes place.
Answer:

The answer is the option (i). The oxidation reaction of $\text {Cl}^{-}$ ion is responsible for the extraction of chlorine from brine
$2H_{2}O(l)+2Cl^{-}(aq)\rightarrow H_{2}(g)+Cl_{2}(g)+2OH^{-}(aq)$
The $\Delta G^{0}$ for this reaction is $+422\; kJ$
$\Delta G^{0}=-nFE^{0}$
$E^{0}=\frac{\Delta G^{0}}{nF}=-2.2 V$

Question:2

When copper ore is mixed with silica, in a reverberatory furnace copper matte is produced. The copper matte contains ____________.
(i) sulphides of copper (II) and iron (II)
(ii) sulphides of copper (II) and iron (III)
(iii) sulphides of copper (I) and iron (II)
(iv) sulphides of copper (I) and iron (III)
Answer:

The answer is the option (iii). Inside a reverberatory furnace iron silicate on mixing copper ore with silica in a reverberatory furnace, iron silicate comes off as slag producing copper in the form of copper matte containing copper sulphide $[Cu_{2}S(I)]$ and some iron sulphide $[FeS(II)].$

Question:3

Which of the following reactions is an example of autoreduction ?
(i) $\text {Fe}_{3}\text {O}_{4}+\text {4CO}\rightarrow \text {3Fe}+\text {4CO}_{2}$
(ii) $\text {Cu}_{2}\text {O}+\text {C}\rightarrow \text {2Cu}+\text {CO}$
(iii) $\text {Cu}^{2+}(aq)+Fe (s)\rightarrow \text {Cu (s)}+Fe^{2+}(aq)$
(iv) $\text {Cu}_{2}\text {O}+\frac{1}{2}\text {Cu}_{2}\text {S}\rightarrow \text {3Cu }+\frac{1}{2}\text {SO}_{2}$
Answer:

$\text {Cu}_{2}\text {O}+\frac{1}{2}\text {Cu}_{2}\text {S}\rightarrow \text {3Cu }+\frac{1}{2}\text {SO}_{2}$
In this reaction reduction of copper (I) oxide by copper (I) sulphide takes place. Since, copper is reduced by itself, this process is known as auto-reduction and the solidified copper so, obtained is known as blister copper. We get the copper metal on reaction of sulphide ore of copper with its oxide.

Question:4

A number of elements are available in earth’s crust but most abundant elements are ____________.
(i) $\text {Al and Fe}$
(ii) $\text {Al and Cu}$
(iii) $\text {Fe and Cu}$
(iv) $\text {Cu and Ag}$
Answer:

The answer is the option (i). A number of elements are available in the earth’s crust but the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust include $\text {Al and Fe}$ .

Question:5

Zone refining is based on the principle that ___________.
(i) impurities of low boiling metals can be separated by distillation.
(ii) impurities are more soluble in molten metal than in solid metal.
(iii) different components of a mixture are differently adsorbed on an absorbent.
(iv) vapours of the volatile compound can be decomposed in pure metal.
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii). The basic principle of zone refining method is that impurities are more soluble in molten metal compared to the solid state of the metal.

Question:6

In the extraction of copper from its sulphide ore, the metal is formed by the reduction of $Cu_{2}O$ with
$(i) \; FeS$
$(ii) \; CO$
$(iii) \; Cu_{2}S$
$(iv) \; SO_{2}$
Answer:

The answer is the option (iii). In the process of extraction of copper from its sulphide ore, the metal is formed by the reduction of $Cu_{2}O$ with $Cu_{2}S$
Since, copper is reduced by itself the process is known as autoreduction.
Chemical reaction occuring in this reaction is $Cu_2 O+\frac{1}{2} Cu_2 S\rightarrow 3Cu+\frac{1}{2} SO_2$
In this process, copper appears as blister copper.

Question:7

Brine is electrolysed by using inert electrodes. The reaction at anode is ________.
(i) $Cl^{-}(aq.)\rightarrow \frac{1}{2}Cl_{2}(g)+e^{-};E^{o}cell=1.36 \; V$
(ii) $2H_{2}O(l)\rightarrow O_{2}(g)+4H^{+}+4e^{-};E^{o}cell=1.23 \; V$
(iii) $Na^{+}(aq)+e^{-}\rightarrow Na (s);E^{0}cell=2.71\; V$
(iv) $H^{+}(aq)+e^{-}\rightarrow \frac{1}{2}H_{2} (g);E^{0}cell=0.00\; V$

Answer:

The answer is the option (i). Electrolysis of brine solution is a process of decomposition of $NaCl$ solution using the electric current. Anode is positive; therefore it attracts negative hydroxide and chlorine ions. Chloride ions get oxidized by electron loss to chlorine molecules.

Question:8

In the metallurgy of aluminium ________________.
(i) $Al^{3+}$ is oxidised to $Al (s)$ .
(ii) graphite anode is oxidised to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
(iii) the oxidation state of oxygen changes in the reaction at the anode.
(iv) the oxidation state of oxygen changes in the overall reaction involved in the process
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii). The graphite anode is oxidized to carbon monoxide $(CO)$ and carbon dioxide $(CO_{2})$ in the process of metallurgy of aluminium .
$C(s)+O^{2-}(melt)\rightarrow CO(g)+2e^{-}$
$C(s)+2O^{2-}(melt)\rightarrow CO_{2}(g)+4e^{-}$

Question:9

Electrolytic refining is used to purify which of the following metals?
$(i) \; Cu \; and\; Zn$
$(ii) \; Ge \; and \; Si$
$(iii)\; Zr \; and\; Ti$
$(iv) \; Zn \; and\; Hg$
Answer:

The answer is the option (i). Copper and zinc can be purified by using electrolyte refining method. In this process, impure metal acts as anode and a strip of pure metal is used as a cathode. Impurities from the blister copper or impure zinc deposit are used as anode mud. The electrolytic refining of copper and zinc is done to get high grade metals.

Question:10

Extraction of gold and silver involves leaching the metal with $CN^-$ ion. The metal is recovered by ________________.
(i) displacement of metal by some other metal from the complex ion.
(ii) roasting of the metal complex.
(iii) calcination followed by roasting.
(iv) thermal decomposition of the metal complex.
Answer:

The answer is the option (i). Extraction of gold and silver involves leaching with $CN-$ ion. The metal in cyanide process is recovered by displacement of metal by some other metal from the complex ion. The reaction taking place is as:
$4M+8CN^{-}+2H_{2}O+O_{2}\rightarrow 4[M(CN)_{2}]^{-}+4OH^{-}$
$2[M(CN)_{2}]^{-}+Zn\rightarrow [Zn(CN)_{4}]^{2-}+2M$

Question:11

Answer the questions 11-13 on the basis of Fig. 6.1.

Choose the correct option of temperature at which carbon reduces $\text {FeO}$ to iron and produces $\text {CO}$ .
(i) Below temperature at point A.
(ii) Approximately at the temperature corresponding to point A.
(iii) Above temperature at point A but below a temperature at point D.
(iv) Above temperature at point A.
Answer:

The answer is the option (iv) $\text {FeO+C}\rightarrow \text {Fe+CO}$
It can be seen as a couple of two simpler reactions
$\text {FeO}\rightarrow \text {Fe+}\frac{1}{2}\text {O}_{2}(\Delta \text {G}^{0}_{FeO.Fe})$
$\text {C+}\frac{1}{2}\text {O}_{2}\rightarrow \text {CO}(\Delta \text {G}^{0}_{C.CO})$
Total Gibbs energy change becomes $\Delta \text {G}^{0}_{C.CO}+\Delta\text {G}_{FeO.Fe}^{0}$
In $\Delta \text {G}^{0}$ versus T plot, the plot $\text {Fe}$ to $\text {FeO}$ goes upward and the plot for $\text {C}$ to $\text {CO}$ goes downwards.
At temperature above point A, the $\text {C}$ to $\text {CO}$ lines comes below $\text {Fe}$ to $\text {FeO}$ and $\Delta \text {G}^{0}_{C,CO} < \Delta \text {G}^{0}_{Fe, FeO}$
So in this range, $\text {C}$ will reduce $\text {FeO}$ to $\text {Fe}$ and itself be oxidised to $\text {CO}$ .

Question:12

Below point ‘A’ $\text {FeO}$ can ______________.
(i) be reduced by carbon monoxide only.
(ii) be reduced by both carbon monoxide and carbon.
(iii) be reduced by carbon only.
(iv) not be reduced by both carbon and carbon monoxide.
Answer:

The answer is the option (i). Below point A, $\text {FeO}$ can be reduced by carbon monoxide only.

Question:13

For the reduction of $\text {FeO}$ at the temperature corresponding to point D, which of the following statements is correct?
(i) $\Delta \text {G}$ value for the overall reduction reaction with carbon monoxide is zero.
(ii) $\Delta \text {G}$ value for the overall reduction reaction with a mixture of 1 mol carbon and 1 mol oxygen is positive.
(iii) $\Delta \text {G}$ value for the overall reduction reaction with a mixture of 2 mol carbon and 1 mol oxygen will be positive.
(iv) $\Delta \text {G}$ value for the overall reduction reaction with carbon monoxide is negative.
Answer:

The answer is the option (i). At point D, the curves of oxidation of iron and oxidation of $\text {CO}$ intersect each other.
Thus, $\Delta \text {G}^{0}$ for the reaction $\text {FeO+CO}\rightarrow \text {Fe+CO}_{2}$ is zero.
$\text {2FeO+O}_{2}\rightarrow \text {2FeO};\Delta \text {G}^{0}=-280$
$\text {2CO+O}_{2}\rightarrow \text {2CO};\Delta \text {G}^{0}=-280$
Resulting in $\text {2FeO+2CO}_{2}\rightarrow \text {2Fe+2CO}_{2}$
$\Delta \text {G}^{0}= (-280+280)=0$

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6: MCQ (Type 2)

Question:14

At the temperature corresponding to which of the points in Fig.6.1, $\text {FeO}$ will be reduced to $\text {Fe}$ by coupling the reaction $\text {2FeO}\rightarrow \text {2Fe+O}_{2}$ with all of the following reactions?
(i) $\text {C+O}_{2}\rightarrow \text {CO}_{2}$
(ii) $\text {2C+O}_{2}\rightarrow \text {2CO}$ and
(iii) $\text {2CO+O}_{2}\rightarrow \text {2CO} _{2}$
(i) Point A
(ii) Point B
(iii) Point D
(iv) Point E
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii, iv) The reduction reaction ranges can be determined from the intersection points on $\Delta \text {G}^{0}$ versus T plots.
The reduction of $\text {FeO}$ to $\text {Fe}$ takes place at point B and E because at these points $\Delta \text {G}^{0}$ value of all three oxidation reactions is lesser than that of reduction reaction.

Question:15

Which of the following option are correct?
(i) Cast iron is obtained by remelting pig iron with scrap iron and coke using hot air blast.
(ii) In the extraction of silver, silver is extracted as cationic complex.
(iii) Nickel is purified by zone refining.
(iv) $\text {Zr and Ti}$ and are purified by van Arkel method
Answer:

The answer is the option (i, iv) Iron obtained from blast containing about 4% carbon and many impurities such as Mn, P, Si, etc is called pig iron. It is remelted with scrap iron to obtain cast iron which has slightly less carbon content (3%) compared to pig iron and is extremely hard and brittle.
For refining of $\text {Zr and Ti}$ Van Arkel method based on the thermal decomposition of metal components is used. In this method, the impurities i.e. oxygen and nitrogen are removed by heating metal in an evacuated vessel with iodine.
$\text {Zr (s)}+\text {2 I}_{2}\overset{\text {280 k}}{\rightarrow}\text {ZrI}_{4}\text {(g)} \overset{\text {2075 k}}{\rightarrow}\text {Zr (s)}\text {(pure)}+\text {2 I}_{2}$
$\text {Ti}+\text {2I}_{2}\overset{\text {530 k}}{\rightarrow}\text {TI}_{4}\overset{\text {1700 k}}{\rightarrow}\text {Ti}+\text {2I}_{2}$
Zone refining is used for semiconductors like Ge, Si. For purification of Nickel, Mond’s process is used.

Question:16

In the extraction of aluminium by Hall-Heroult process, purified $\text {Al}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$ is mixed with $\text {CaF}_{2}$ to
(i) lower the melting point of $\text {Al}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$
(ii) increase the conductivity of molten mixture.
(iii) reduce $\text {Al}^{3+}$ into Al(s).
(iv) acts as a catalyst
Answer:

The answer is the option (i, ii) Purified $\text {Al}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$ is mixed with $\text {CaF}_{2}$ in Hall-Heroult process to lower the melting point of $\text {Al}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$ and increase the conductivity of the molten mixture. Hence, option a and b are correct.

Question:17

Which of the following statements is correct about the role of substances added in the froth floatation process?
(i) Collectors enhance the non-wettability of the mineral particles.
(ii) Collectors enhance the wettability of gangue particles.
(iii) By using depressants in the process two sulphide ores can be separated.
(iv) Froth stabilisers decrease wettability of gangue.
Answer:

The answer is the option (i, iii) To enhance the non-wettability of mineral particles as well as froth stabilisers, collectors like sodium ethyl xanthate are used.
For example, sodium cyanide acts as a depressant for zinc sulphide in the process of concentration of galena ore. Depressants can be used for the separation of two sulphide ores.
Froth stabilizers are used to stabilize the froth in the process.

Question:18

In the Froth Floatation process, zinc sulphide and lead sulphide can be separated by ______________.
(i) using collectors.
(ii) adjusting the proportion of oil to water.
(iii) using depressant.
(iv) using froth stabilisers.
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii, iii) Froth floatation method is used in extraction of metal from sulphide ore. The two sulphide ores can be separated by using depressant and adjusting the proportion of oil to water in the froth floatation process. Depressant used in separation of zinc sulphide and lead sulphide is $NaCN$ . It is utilized in selective prevention of $ZnS$ from coming to the froth.

Question:19

Common impurities present in bauxite are ____________.
(i) $\text {CuO}$
(ii) $\text {ZnO}$
(iii) $\text {Fe}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$
(iv) $\text {SiO}_{2}$
Answer:

The answer is the option (iii, iv) some of the major impurities in bauxite are iron oxides (goethite and hematite), silicon dioxide, kaolinite and small amounts of anatase.

Question:20

Which of the following ores are concentrated by froth flotation?
(i) Haematite
(ii) Galena
(iii) Copper pyrites
(iv) Magnetite
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii, iii) Sulphide ores are concentrated by froth floatation process as pine oil selectively wets the sulphide ore. Galena and copper pyrite, being sulphide ores are concentrated by froth floatation process.

Question:21

Which of the following reactions occur during calcination?
(i) $\text {CaCO}_{3}\rightarrow \text {CaO}+ \text {CO}_{2}$
(ii) $\text {2FeS}_{2}+\frac{11}{2}\text {O}_{2}\rightarrow \text {Fe}_{2}\text {O}_{3}+ \text {4SO}_{2}$
(iii) $\text {Al}_{2}\text {O}_{3}.x\text {H}_{2}\text {O}\rightarrow \text {Al}_{2}\text {O}_{3}+ x \text {H}_{2}\text {O}$
(iv) $\text {ZnS}+\frac{3}{\text {2}}O_{2}\rightarrow \text {ZnO}+\text {SO}_{2}$
Answer:

The answer is the option (i, iii). In the process of calcination, heating of the ore below its melting in limited supply of air takes place. Ores that contain oxygen like oxide, hydroxides or carbonates are calcined. The reaction that takes place is:
$\text {CaCO}_{3}\overset{\Delta }{\rightarrow}\text {CaO}+\text {CO}_{2}$
$\text {Al}_{2}\text {O}_{3}.\text {xH}_{2}\text {O}\overset{\Delta }{\rightarrow}\text {Al}_{2}\text {O}_{3}+ \text {xH}_{2}\text {O}$

Question:22

For the metallurgical process of which of the ores calcined ore can be reduced by carbon?
(i) haematite
(ii) calamine
(iii) iron pyrites
(iv) sphalerite
Answer:

The answer is the option (i, ii). Oxides reduction can be done by using carbon. Haematite (Iron ore - $\text {Fe}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$ ) and calamine $\text {ZnCO}_{3}\rightarrow \text {ZnO}+\text {CO}_{2}$ contain oxygen, so they can be reduced by carbon.
Sulphide ores cannot be reduced by carbon. Iron pyrite and sphalerite are sulphide ores of iron and zinc respectively.

Question:23

The main reactions occurring in the blast furnace during the extraction of iron from haematite are ________.
(i) $\text {Fe}_{2}\text {O}_{3}+\text {3CO}\rightarrow \text {2Fe}+\text {3CO}_{2}$
(ii) $\text {FeO}+\text {SiO}_{2}\rightarrow \text {FeSiO}_{3}$
(iii) $\text {Fe}_{2}\text {O}_{3}+\text {3C}\rightarrow \text {2Fe}+\text {3CO}$
(iv) $\text {CaO}+\text {SiO}_{2}\rightarrow \text {CaSiO}_{3}$
Answer:

The answer is the option (i, iv). The 2 main reactions taking place in blast furnace during extraction of iron are:
(i) Reduction of $\text {Fe}_{2}\text {O}_{3}+\text {CO}\rightarrow \text {2FeO}+\text {CO}_{2}$
$\text {2FeO}+\text {2CO}\rightarrow \text {2Fe}+\text {2CO}_{2}$
$\text {Fe}_{2}\text {O}_{3}+\text {3CO}\rightarrow \text {2Fe}+\text {3CO}_{2}$
(ii) Slag formation $\text {CaO}+\text {SiO}_{2}\rightarrow \text {CaSiO}_{3} \; \text {Fusible slag}$

Question:24

In which of the following method of purification, metal is converted to its volatile compound which is decomposed to give pure metal?
(i) heating with a stream of carbon monoxide.
(ii) heating with iodine.
(iii) liquation.
(iv) distillation.
Answer:

The answer is the option (i,ii)
(i) Heating of metal with stream of $\text {CO}$
$\text {Ni}+\text {4CO}\rightarrow \text {Ni}\text {(CO)}_{4}\overset{450-470\text {k}}{\rightarrow}\text {Ni+4CO}\; \; \text {Mond's Process}$
(ii) Heating with Iodine
$\text {Zr+2I}_{2}\overset{870\text {k}}{\rightarrow}\text {ZrI}_{4}\overset{2075\; \text {K}(Tungsten filament)}{\rightarrow}\text {Zr+2I}_{2}\text {(van arkel method)}$

Question:25

Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) A depressant prevents a certain type of particle to come to the froth.
(ii) Copper matte contains $\text {Cu}_{2}\text {S}$ and $\text {ZnS}$
(iii) The solidified copper obtained from the reverberatory furnace has blistered appearance due to evolution of $\text {SO}_{2}$ during the extraction.
(iv) Zinc can be extracted by self-reduction.
Answer:

The answer is the option (i, iii). Frothing of a particular sulphide can be prevented by depressants. The solidified copper that we get in reverberatory furnace has blistered appearance due to evolution of $\text {SO}_{2}$ during extraction. Hence, it is called blister copper.

Question:26

In the extraction of chlorine from brine _____________.
(i) $\Delta \text {G}^{0}$ for the overall reaction is negative.
(ii) $\Delta \text {G}^{0}$ for the overall reaction is positive.
(iii) $\text {E}^{0}$ for the overall reaction has negative value.
(iv) $\text {E}^{0}$ for the overall reaction has positive value.
Answer:

The answeris the option (ii,iii). $3Cl^{-}+2H_{2}O\rightarrow 2OH^{-}+H_{2}+Cl_{2}$
$\Delta G^{0}$ for the reaction is $+422\; kJ$
Using $\Delta G^{0}=-nFE^{0},$ we get $E^{0}=-2.2\; V$

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6: Short Answer Type

Question:27

Why is an external emf of more than 2.2V required for the extraction of $Cl_{2}$ from brine?
Answer:

In the process of extraction of $Cl_{2}$ from brine solution :
$2Cl^{-}(aq)+2H_{2}O(l)\rightarrow 2OH^{-}(aq)+H_{2}(g)+Cl_{2}(g)$ the value of $\Delta G^{\Theta }$ is $+ve \; (422\; KJ).$
For this the value of $E^{\Theta }$ is $\Delta G^{\Theta }=-nFE^{\Theta }$ or $E^{\Theta }=-\frac{\Delta G^{\Theta }}{nF}=-\frac{422\times 10^{3}J}{2\times 96500}=-2.20\; V$
Hence, An external emf more than 2.20 V is required for extraction of $Cl_{2}$ from brine solution for electrolysis process.

Question:28

At temperatures above 1073K coke can be used to reduce $FeO\; to \; Fe$ . How can you justify this reduction with the Ellingham diagram?
Answer:

As per Ellingham diagram at temperature greater than 1073 K, $\Delta G^{0}$ for the formation $FeO$ is less negative than $\Delta G^{0}$ for the formation of carbon monoxide from carbon.
Thus, above 1073 K, carbon can reduce $FeO$ , i.e., $\Delta_{r} G^{0}$ for the reaction
$FeO+C\overset{>1073}{\rightarrow}Fe+CO\; \text {is negative}$

Question:29

Wrought iron is the purest form of iron. Write a reaction used for the preparation of wrought iron from cast iron. How can the impurities of sulphur, silicon and phosphorus be removed from cast iron?
Answer:

Wrought iron is an alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.08%).
The reaction is:
$Fe_{2}O_{3}+3C\rightarrow 2Fe+3CO$

In extraction of cast iron from haematite ore, on addition of limestone as flux, the impurities of sulphur, silicon and phosphorus pass into slag on changing to their oxides.

Question:30

How is copper extracted from low-grade copper ores?
Answer:

Copper is extracted from low grade ores by the process of hydrometallurgy. Acid or bacteria is used in its leaching process. In the process, ore is treated with a suitable regent that dissolves ore but not the impurities. Scrap iron, zinc or $H_{2}$ is used to treat the solution containing copper ions $(Cu^{+2})$ and the reactions are as:
$Cu^{2+} (aq)+H_{2} (g) \rightarrow Cu(s)+2H^{+} (aq)$
$Cu^{2+} (aq)+Fe (s) \rightarrow Cu(s)+Fe^{2+} (aq)$
In this way, copper, is obtained.

Question:31

Write two basic requirements for refining of metal by Mond process and by Van Arkel Method
Answer:

Mond’s process and van arkel method are used for refining of nickel and zinc, respectively. The basic requirements for both the processes are:
(i) A volatile compound should be formed by the metal on reaction with an available reagent.
(ii) The volatile compound formed should be easily decomposable, enabling the metal to be easily recovered.

Question:32

Although carbon and hydrogen are better-reducing agents they are not used to reduce metallic oxides at high temperatures. Why?
Answer:

Despite being better reducing agents, carbon and hydrogen are not used as carbon and hydrogen form carbides and hydrides respectively on reaction with metals at high temperature.

Question:33

How do we separate two sulphide ores by Froth Floatation Method? Explain with an example.
Answer:

The separation of two sulphide ores is done by adjusting proportion of oil to water or by using depressants. $NaCN$ is used for an ore containing $ZnS$ and $PbS$ . Sodium cyanide forms complex with $ZnS$ and prevents it from coming with froth but lead sulphide remains with froth.
$4NaCN+ZnS\rightarrow Na_{2}Zn(CN)_{4}+Na_{2}S$

Question:34

The purest form of iron is prepared by oxidising impurities from cast iron in a reverberatory furnace. Which iron ore is used to line the furnace? Explain by giving a reaction.
Answer:

Haematite $(Fe_{2}O_{3})$ is used to line the furnace. It supplies the oxygen and oxidises impurities present in the cast iron like carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorus to $CO, SiO_{2}, MnO$ and $P_{2}O_{5}$ .
$Fe_{2}O_{3}+3C\overset{Heat}{\rightarrow}2Fe+3CO$
$3Si+2Fe_{2} O_3\rightarrow 4Fe+3SiO_2$
$3S+2Fe_2 O_3\rightarrow 3SO_2+4Fe$
$CO$ and $SO_{2}$ escape and $MnO \; and\; SiO_{2}$ combine to form to form manganous silicate $(MnSiO_{3})$ as slag $MnO+SiO_{2}\overset{Heat}{\rightarrow}MnSiO_{3}$ (Manganous silicate-slag)

Question:35

The mixture of compounds A and B is passed through a column of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ by using alcohol as eluant. Compound A is eluted in preference to compound B. Which of the compounds A or B, is more readily adsorbed on the column?
Answer:

Compound B is more readily adsorbed on the column as compound A is eluted in preference to compound B

Question:36

Why is sulphide ore of copper heated in a furnace after mixing with silica?
Answer:

Iron oxide that is present as impurity in sulphide ore of copper forms an iron silicate slag and copper is produced in the form of copper matte. This is why, sulphide ore of copper is heated in a furnace after mixing with silica.
$FeO+SiO_{2}\rightarrow FeSiO_{3}$

Question:37

Why are sulphide ores converted to oxide before reduction?
Answer:

Sulphides are not reduced easily unlike the oxides. This is why, sulphides are first oxidised and then subjected to reduction.

Question:38

Which method is used for refining $Zr \; and\; Ti$ ? Explain with equation.
Answer:

Van Arkel method is used in refining of $Zr \; and\; Ti$ . The crude metal, on heating with iodine forms volatile unstable compound. Pure metal is then obtained by decomposing the compound.
The equations are : $\text {Zr (s) (impure)+2I}_{2}\overset{870\; K}{\rightarrow}\text {ZrI}_{4}$
$\text {ZrI}_{4}\overset{1800\; K}{\rightarrow}\text {Zr (pure)+2I}_{2}$
$\text {Ti (impure)+2I}_{2}\overset{523\; K}{\rightarrow}\text {TiI}_{4} \text {(g)}$
$\text {TiI}_{4}\overset{1700\; K}{\rightarrow}\text {Ti (pure)+2I}_{2}$

Question:39

What should be the considerations during the extraction of metals by electrochemical method?
Answer:

During the extraction of metals by electrochemical method we should keep in mind the following factors
(i) Reactivity of the metal.
(ii) Suitability of the electrode.

Question:40

What is the role of flux in metallurgical processes?
Answer:

Flux is a chemical cleaning agent.
The ores contain some gangue even after concentration. Certain substances are mixed with concentrated ore for the purpose of removing the gangue. They combine with the gangue to form a fusible material that is insoluble in molten metal. These substances are called fluxes. Some examples of materials used as flux: Limestone, silica, dolomite, lime, borax etc.
Fluxes are classified as acidic or basic based on the type of impurities they remove.
$SiO_{2}\; (Acidic\; acid)+CaO\; (basic\; impurity)\rightarrow CaSiO_{3}(Slag)$
$MgO\; (basic\; flux)+SiO_{2}\; (Acidic\; impurity)\rightarrow MgSiO_{3}(Slag)$

Question:41

How are metals used as semiconductors refined? What is the principle of the method used?
Answer:

Semiconductor like silicon and germanium is produced by zone refining method and the principle used is that the impurities are more soluble in melt than the corresponding solid state of metals.

Question:42

Write down the reactions taking place in Blast furnace-related to the metallurgy of iron in the temperature range 500-800K.

Answer:

The reactions that take place in blast furnace during the metallurgy of iron at the temperature range 500-800 K are:
$3Fe_{2}O_{3}+CO\rightarrow 2Fe_{3}O_{4}+CO_{2}$
$Fe_{3}O_{4}+4CO\rightarrow 3Fe+4CO_{2}$
$Fe_{2}O_{3}+CO\rightarrow 2FeO+CO_{2}$

Question:43

Give two requirements for vapour phase refining.
Answer:

The two requirements for vapour phase refining are:
(i) A volatile compound should be formed by the metal on reaction with an available reagent.
(ii) The volatile compound formed should be easily decomposable, enabling the metal to be easily recovered.

Question:44

Write the chemical reactions involved in the extraction of gold by the cyanide process. Also, give the role of zinc in the extraction.
Answer:

In extraction of gold by cyanide process, gold particles present in the ore are treated with a dilute solution of $NaCN$ in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Gold particles dissolve by forming complex cyanide that is soluble in nature.
$4Au+8NaCN+2H_{2}O+O_{2}\rightarrow 4Na[Au(CN)_{2}]+4NaOH$
On adding electropositive metal like zinc Au is recovered from solution.
$2Na [Au(CN)_{2}]+Zn\rightarrow Na_{2}[Zn(CN)_{4}]+2Au$
The process of extraction of gold by cyanide oxidation as well as reduction. oxidation of gold takes place during the formation of cyanide complex whereas reduction takes place during its recovery. $Zn$ acts as a reducing agent.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6: Matching Type

Question:45

Match the items of Column I with items of Column II and assign the correct code:

Column I	Column II
(A) Pendulum	(1) Chrome steel
(B) Malachite	(2) Nickel steel
(C) Calamine	(3) $Na_{3}AlF_{6}$
(D) Cryolite	(4) $CuCO_{3}.Cu(OH)_{2}$
	(5) $ZnCO_{3}$

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(i) A (1) B (2) C (3) D (4)
(ii) A (2) B (4) C (5) D (3)
(iii) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5)
(iv) A (4) B (5) C (3) D (2)

Answer:

Option (ii) is the answer.

Question:46

Match the items of Column I with the items of Column II and assign the correct code :

Column I	Column II
(A) Coloured bands	(1) Zone refining
(B) Impure metal to volatile complex	(2) Fractional distillation
(C) Purification of $Ge \; and \; Si$	(3) Mond Process
(D) Purification of mercury	(4) Chromatography
	(5) Liquation

(i) A (1) B (2) C (4) D (5)
(ii) A (4) B (3) C (1) D (2)
(iii) A (3) B (4) C (2) D (1)
(iv) A (5) B (4) C (3) D (2)

Answer:

Option (ii) is the answer.

Question:47

Match items of Column I with the items of Column II and assign the correct code :

Column I	Column II
(A) Cyanide process	(1) Ultrapure Ge
(B) Froth Floatation Process	(2) Dressing of $ZnS$
(C) Electrolytic reduction	(3) Extraction of $Al$
(D) Zone refining	(4) Extraction of $Au$
	(5) Purification of $Ni$

(i) A (4) B (2) C (3) D (1)
(ii) A (2) B (3) C (1) D (5)
(iii) A (1) B (2) C (3) D (4)
(iv) A (3) B (4) C (5) D (1)

Answer:

Option (i) is the answer.

Question:48

Match the items of Column I with the items of Column II and assign the correct code:

Column I	Column II
(A) Sapphire	(1) $\text {Al}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$
(B) Sphalerite	(2) $\text {NaCN}$
(C) Depressant	(3) $\text {Co}$
(D) Corundum	(4) $\text {ZnS}$
	(5) $\text {Fe}_{2}\text {O}_{3}$

(i) A (3) B (4) C (2) D (1)
(ii) A (5) B (4) C (3) D (2)
(iii) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (5)
(iv) A (1) B (2) C (3) D (4)

Answer:

Option (i) is the answer.

Question:49

Match the items of Column I with items of Column II and assign the correct code :

Column I	Column II
(A) Blistered $Cu$	(1) Aluminium
(B) Blast furnace	(2) $2Cu_{2}O+Cu_{2}S\rightarrow 6Cu+SO_{2}$
(C) Reverberatory furnace	(3) Iron
(D) Hall-Heroult proess	(4) $FeO+SiO_{2}\rightarrow FeSiO_{3}$
	(5) $2Cu_{2}S+3O_{2}\rightarrow 2Cu_{2}O+2SO_{2}$

(i) A (2) B (3) C (4) D (1)
(ii) A (1) B (2) C (3) D (5)
(iii) A (5) B (4) C (3) D (2)
(iv) A (4) B (5) C (3) D (2)
Answer:

Option (i) is the answer.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6: Assertion and Reason Type

Question:50

In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Nickel can be purified by Mond process.
Reason: $Ni(CO)_{4}$ is a volatile compound which decomposes at 460K to give pure $Ni$ .
(i) Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(iii) The assertion is true but the reason is false.
(iv) The assertion is false but the reason is true.
(v) Assertion and reason both are wrong.
Answer:

The answer is the option (i). For Mond’s process, the pre-requisites include:
(i) A volatile compound should be formed by the metal on reaction with an available reagent.
(ii) The volatile compound formed should be easily decomposable, enabling the metal to be easily recovered.
$Ni(CO)_{4}$ is a volatile compound which decomposes to give pure nickel on heating at 460 K while $CO$ (Carbon monoxide) is removed as gas.

Question:51

In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Zirconium can be purified by Van Arkel method.
Reason: $ZrI_{4}$ is volatile and decomposes at 1800K.
(i) Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(iii) The assertion is true but the reason is false.
(iv) The assertion is false but the reason is true.
(v) Assertion and reason both are wrong.
Answer:

The answer is the option (i). Zirconium is also purified by Van Arkel method as it forms $ZrI_{4}$ on treating with iodine and is easily decomposable to get pure zirconium.

Question:52

In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Sulphide ores are concentrated by Froth Flotation method.
Reason: Cresols stabilise the froth in the Froth Flotation Method.
(i) Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(iii) The assertion is true but the reason is false.
(iv) The assertion is false but the reason is true.
(v) Assertion and reason both are wrong.
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii). Sulphide ores on being wetted by oil, becomes lighter and rises to the surface along with froths. On the other hand, impurities wetted by water settle down as they get heavier.

Question:53

In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Zone refining method is very useful for producing semiconductors.
Reason: Semiconductors are of high purity.
(i) Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(iii) The assertion is true but the reason is false.
(iv) The assertion is false but the reason is true.
(v) Assertion and reason both are wrong.
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii).The principle of the zone refining method is that the the impurities of semiconductors are more soluble in the molten zone compared to the solid state and the ultrapure semiconductor crystallizes.

Question:54

In the following question, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Hydrometallurgy involves dissolving the ore in a suitable reagent followed by precipitation by a more electropositive metal.
Reason: Copper is extracted by hydrometallurgy.
(i) Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(iii) The assertion is true but the reason is false.
(iv) The assertion is false but the reason is true.
(v) Assertion and reason both are wrong.
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii). Copper is extracted by hydrometallurgical process. Suitable solvent like water is used for dissolving salts of metal. They are then reduced by more electropositive element in this process.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6: Long Answer Type

Question:55

Explain the following:

(i) $CO_{2}$ is a better reducing agent below 710K whereas $CO$ is a better reducing agent above 710K.
(ii) Generally sulphide ores are converted into oxides before reduction.
(iii) Silica is added to the sulphide ore of copper in the reverberatory furnace.
(iv) Carbon and hydrogen are not used as reducing agents at high temperatures.
(v) Vapour phase refining method is used for the purification of $Ti$ .
Answer:

(i) As per the Ellingham diagram, below 710 K
$\Delta G_{C,CO_{2}}^{0}<\Delta G_{C,CO}^{0}$
Hence, $CO_{2}$ is better reducing agent compared to $CO$ .
At temperature above 710 K, $\Delta G_{C,CO_{2}}^{0}<\Delta G_{C,CO}^{0}$
Hence $CO$ is better reducing agent.
(ii) Sulphide ores cannot be reduced easily but oxide ores can be esily reduced compared to them, hence sulphide ores are generally converted into oxides before reduction
(iii) In addition to copper sulphide, copper pyrites contain iron sulphide. In reverberatory furnace copper ore is roasted to give oxides.
$FeO$ is removed by adding silica from the matte containing copper sulphide and some iron sulphide.
$2FeS+3O_{2}\rightarrow 2FeO+2SO_{2}$
$FeO+SiO_{2}\rightarrow FeSiO_{3}$
(iv) Carbon and hydrogen react with metals at high temperature to form carbides and hydrides respectively hence they are not used as reducing agents.
(v) $Ti$ reacts with iodine to form $TiI_{4}$ which is volatile and decomposes to give $Ti$ at high temperature to give extra pure titanium. That is why vapour phase refining method is used for purification of $Ti$
$Ti + 2I_{2}\overset{530 K}{\rightarrow}TiI_{4}\overset{1800 K}{\rightarrow}Ti+2I_{2}$

Also, check NCERT solutions for class 12, other subjects

Introduction of NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 6 Principles and Processes of isolation of elements

The GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS is very important as it deals with general principles and process of isolation of elements, which deals with metallurgy and oxidation. The extraction and isolation of metals from ores involve major steps that are included in this chapter.

As per NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 6, the chapter deals with learning about the different metals, their principles, oxidation-reduction, and refining. There are different topics in this chapter that will help you to understand the concept of metallurgy. The chapter will help the students in understanding the working of different elements related to metallurgy and how it is used.

Major Subtopics in NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6 Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Occurrence of Metals
Concentration of Ores
Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore
Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy
Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy
Oxidation-Reduction
Refining

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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6 Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

In Class 12 Chemistry NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 6 the students will get to know about various topics that they should know when it comes to general principles and processes of isolation of elements. The main topics covered in this chapter are definition of minerals, ore, gangue, metallurgy and different important sub topics. Every topic covered in this NCERT exemplar for Class 12 Chemistry chapter 6 solutions is very well equipped with all the answers and also correctly explained.

The entire scientific and technological process used for isolation of the metal from its ores is known as metallurgy. The most abundant metal found in the Earth’s crust is Aluminium. This chapter will help you to understand and gather all the knowledge related to metallurgy and the isolation of elements. Overall, NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 6 along with just giving information is also fun and interesting for all the students who wish to learn more about isolation of elements. This chapter is helpful for them who wish to study the subject very deeply.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions

Chapter 1 Solid State

Chapter 2 Solutions

Chapter 3 Electrochemistry

Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics

Chapter 5 Surface Chemistry

Chapter 7 The p-Block Elements

Chapter 8 The d & f Block Elements

Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds

Chapter 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

Chapter 13 Amines

Chapter 14 Biomolecules

Chapter 15 Polymers

Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life

Important Topics in NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 6 Principles and Processes of isolation of elements

- The importance and use of metallurgy elements and the isolation of elements. There are different factors that are related to each other. Everything related to metallurgy is mentioned in the NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 6.

- NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry chapter 6 solutions include different aspects of the chapters that will help and control the use of the elements and they can be different based on its use. The chapter will help you to understand all the concepts with a broad perspective and also help you clear your doubts.

- The chapter also provides important information about the different topics that are included in this chapter. It encompasses the relevant and fairly detailed different diagrams that will help the students in getting a better and clear understanding for the students.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Mathematics Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions

Check NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

Chapter 1	The Solid State
Chapter 2	Solutions
Chapter 3	Electrochemistry
Chapter 4	Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 5	Surface chemistry
Chapter 6	General Principles and Processes of isolation of elements
Chapter 7	The P-block elements
Chapter 8	The d and f block elements
Chapter 9	Coordination compounds
Chapter 10	Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Chapter 11	Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
Chapter 12	Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Chapter 13	Amines
Chapter 14	Biomolecules
Chapter 15	Polymers
Chapter 16	Chemistry in Everyday life

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Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

1. 1. How are these questions solved by the teachers?

- The teachers use different techniques and also the information that is given to them with their practical knowledge to solve the questions in a very detailed way.

2. 2. How can I download these NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6?

- You can download the solutions in the PDF format from the page of solutions given by a single link on the given link.

3. 3. Who can benefit from these NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 6?

- The students who are preparing for their board exams or are preparing for some entrance examination or both, those students can benefit from these NCERT solutions.

4. 4. What can one learn from this NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 6 Solutions?

- The students will get to learn the various principles and also the processes of isolation of elements from the NCERT solutions.

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Questions related to CBSE Class 12th

Have a question related to CBSE Class 12th ?

I am interested in graphic designing and coding. how do I make a career .which stream should I go.what engineering subject to take

Hello aspirant,

The purpose of graphic design extends beyond the brand's look. Nevertheless, by conveying what the brand stands for, it significantly aids in the development of a sense of understanding between a company and its audience. The future in the field of graphic designing is very promising.

There are various courses available for graphic designing. To know more information about these courses and much more details, you can visit our website by clicking on the link given below.

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Thank you

Hope this information helps you.

Read Complete Answer

Sajal Trivedi 29 January,2024

i couldn't clear 1st compartment (which held in August 2022) cbse class 12th so can I give improvement in all subjects which to be held on March 2023. tell me a solution i need more than 75% in class 12th

hello,

Yes you can appear for the compartment paper again since CBSE gives three chances to a candidate to clear his/her exams so you still have two more attempts. However, you can appear for your improvement paper for all subjects but you cannot appear for the ones in which you have failed.

I hope this was helpful!

Good Luck

Read Complete Answer

Upasana Barman 24 August,2022

i was not able to clear 1st compartment and now I have to give 2nd compartment so can I give improvement exam next year? plz tell me very much tensed(cbse class 12th)

Hello dear,

If you was not able to clear 1st compartment and now you giving second compartment so YES, you can go for your improvement exam next year but if a student receives an improvement, they are given the opportunity to retake the boards as a private candidate the following year, but there are some requirements. First, the student must pass all of their subjects; if they received a compartment in any subject, they must then pass the compartment exam before being eligible for the improvement.

As you can registered yourself as private candidate for giving your improvement exam of 12 standard CBSE(Central Board of Secondary Education).For that you have to wait for a whole year which is bit difficult for you.

Positive side of waiting for whole year is you have a whole year to preparing yourself for your examination. You have no distraction or something which may causes your failure in the exams. In whole year you have to stay focused on your 12 standard examination for doing well in it. By this you get a highest marks as a comparison of others.

Believe in Yourself! You can make anything happen

All the very best.

Read Complete Answer

Mayankjha.student2007 23 August,2022

if i am giving improvement in one subject this year, will i be able to give improvement in more subjects next year?

Hello Student,

I appreciate your Interest in education. See the improvement is not restricted to one subject or multiple subjects and we cannot say if improvement in one subject in one year leads to improvement in more subjects in coming year.

You just need to have a revision of all subjects what you have completed in the school. have a revision and practice of subjects and concepts helps you better.

All the best.

Read Complete Answer

Nuthalapati Vyshnavi 21 August,2022

I got an RT for 2 subjects, so do I have to give exams for all the subjects in the coming year or just the 2. pls help me

Hi,

You just need to give the exams for the concerned two subjects in which you have got RT. There is no need to give exam for all of your subjects, you can just fill the form for the two subjects only.

Read Complete Answer

Muskan Dhalwal 17 August,2022

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Popular CBSE Class 12th Questions

A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms^-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1) $0.34\; J$	Option 2) $0.16\; J$
Option 3) $1.00\; J$	Option 4) $0.67\; J$

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times. Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated. How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ? Fat supplies 3.8×10⁷J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate. Take g = 9.8 ms⁻² :

Option 1)

2.45×10⁻³ kg

Option 2)

6.45×10⁻³ kg

Option 3)

9.89×10⁻³ kg

Option 4)

12.89×10⁻³ kg

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1) $2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J$	Option 2) $200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J$
Option 3) $2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J$	Option 4) $20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J$

A particle is projected at 60⁰ to the horizontal with a kinetic energy $K$ . The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1) $K/2\,$	Option 2) $\; K\;$
Option 3) $zero\;$	Option 4) $K/4$

In the reaction,

$2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}$

Option 1) $11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole $HCL_{(aq)}$ consumed	Option 2) $6L\, HCl_{(aq)}$ is consumed for ever $3L\, H_{2(g)}$ produced
Option 3) $33.6 L\, H_{2(g)}$ is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts	Option 4) $67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, $Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$ will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1) 0.02	Option 2) 3.125 × 10^-2
Option 3) 1.25 × 10^-2	Option 4) 2.5 × 10^-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1) decrease twice	Option 2) increase two fold
Option 3) remain unchanged	Option 4) be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1) Molality	Option 2) Weight fraction of solute
Option 3) Fraction of solute present in water	Option 4) Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol^-1) is

Option 1) twice that in 60 g carbon	Option 2) 6.023 × 10²²
Option 3) half that in 8 g He	Option 4) 558.5 × 6.023 × 10²³

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t²) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m² , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1) less than 3	Option 2) more than 3 but less than 6
Option 3) more than 6 but less than 9	Option 4) more than 9

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

4 Jobs Available

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.

4 Jobs Available

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

3 Jobs Available

GIS Expert

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

3 Jobs Available

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

3 Jobs Available

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

3 Jobs Available

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy, IIT Kharagpur, JMI New Delhi.

3 Jobs Available

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive.

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

3 Jobs Available

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

4 Jobs Available

Data Analyst

3 Jobs Available

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

3 Jobs Available

5 Jobs Available

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

2 Jobs Available

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.

2 Jobs Available

Welding Engineer

5 Jobs Available

QA Manager

4 Jobs Available

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

3 Jobs Available

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.

4 Jobs Available

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.