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NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 4 Reproductive Health is one of the most crucial chapters from the examination point of view. The professionals in the field who have deep knowledge and understanding in the field have prepared NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology chapter 4 solutions to provide acute information. When the experts prepared these NCERT Class 12 Solutions, they used simple and understanding language to prepare. Students refer to this study material to get the best learning experience. NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 4 pdf download is useful to access it online.
Question:1
Answer:
Three different Assisted Reproductive Techniques:Question:2
Discuss the mode of action and advantages/disadvantages of hormonal contraceptives.
Answer:
Mode of Action of Hormonal Contraceptives: These contraceptives are used to prevent ovulation and implantation. These contraceptives alter the properties of cervical mucus and prevent the entry of sperm inside the uterus.Question:3
Answer:
Trichomoniasis: A protozoon named Trichomonas Vaginalis is the root cause of this disease. Common symptoms of this disease are whitish discharge from the vagina, foul smell, and constant itching. Male is known to be the carrier of this parasite, and females suffer from this disease. Therefore, both partners should be treated with sufficient medication.Question:4
Do you justify the statutory ban on amniocentesis in our country? Give reasons.
Answer:
Amniocentesis is a method through which any abnormalities in the foetus can be detected. But in our country, it has been used as malpractice to find the gender of the unborn child. In India, a girl child is not the most sought for. People take advantage of MTP to discover the gender of the unborn child. Males child are given preference; this has led to killing the girl child in the womb. The sex ratio of some states in the country is very much skewed, such as in Haryana and Punjab. Boys, there grow with a mindset of very less respect for women. This is the root cause of rape, dowry deaths, and gender inequality. This trend has to stop, and the only solution is a ban over Amniocentesis. Only this can do justice to the female population in the country and give them equal treatment as the male population.Question:5
Enumerate and describe any five reasons for introducing sex education to school-going children.
Answer:
Listed below are the five reasons for introducing sex education in schools:Question:1
Answer:
Following are the steps that are recommended to improve reproductive health standards amongst Indians:Question:2
Answer:
To understand the process of transfer of the gametes of the uterus, we need to recall the process of insemination to implantation. The process happens in the following stages:Question:3
Copper ions-releasing IUDs are more efficient than non-medicated methods. Why?
Answer:
Ans. Phagocytosis of sperm is initiated because of IUDs, hence preventing conception. Lippes loop (non-medicated IUDs) work on this concept. Whereas copper-releasing IUDs provide added benefits over the effects of normal IUDs; copper is known for suppressing sperm motility. And therefore, sperms are unable to reach the fallopian tube. Some sperms can reach the fallopian tube in case of normal IUDs. This will result in failure rates of IUDs. Thus, copper releasing IUDs are superior to normal IUDs, and they are more efficient.Question:4
What are the probable factors that contributed to the population explosion in India?
Answer:
There are many factors that have overpopulated India. Some of the reasons for the population in India are mentioned below:Question:5
Briefly explain IVF and ET. What are the conditions in which these methods are advised?
Answer:
In-vitro fertilisation is also known as IVF, where sperm and ovum are taken out of the body of male and female (donor) and fertilised in laboratories, likely in a petri dish. ET or embryo transfer is the next step performed after IVF. An embryo of up to 8 blastomeric stages is transferred to the fallopian tube. The embryo of more than 8 blastomeric stages is taken to the uterus. The babies born out of this method are often called as test-tube babies as fertilisation, and some development of the zygote takes place in the laboratory. This method is only used when medical treatment and psychotherapy fails, and couples fail in conception. These methods are also known as Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). The extremely high degree of precision is required in this method with highly specialised doctors. Also, these techniques are very costly to install; hence they are only available at very few centres across the country.
Question:6
What are the advantages of natural methods of contraception over artificial methods?
Answer:
Advantages of natural methods of conception over artificial methods are as follows: -Question:7
What are the conditions in which the medical termination of pregnancy is advised?
Answer:
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is advisable under the following cases: -Question:8
Comment on the essential features required for an ideal contraceptive
Answer:
Features of an ideal contraceptive are as follows: - :Question:9
All reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are STDs, but all STDs are not RTIs. Justify with example.
Answer:
All the Reproductive Tract Infection (RTIs) can be transmitted through coitus; therefore, all RTIs are STDs. But few of the STDs do not affect the reproduction system such as Hepatitis B., AIDS.Question:1
The method of directly injecting sperm into ovum in Assisted Reproductive Technology is called:
a. GIFT
b. ZIFT
c. ICSI
d. ET
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) ICSIQuestion:2
Increased IMR and decreased MMR in a population will:
a. Cause a rapid increase in growth rate
b. Result in a decline in growth rate
c. Not cause a significant change in growth rate
d. Result in an explosive population
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) not change the growth rate significantly
Question:3
Intensely lactating mothers do not generally conceive due to the:
a. Suppression of gonadotropins
b. Hypersecretion of gonadotropins
c. Suppression of gametic transport
d. Suppression of fertilisation
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) Suppression of gonadotropinsQuestion:4
Sterilisation techniques are generally fool-proof methods of contraception with least side effects. Yet, this is the last option for couples because:
i. It is almost irreversible
ii. Of the misconception that it will reduce sexual urge
iii. It is a surgical procedure
iv. Of lack of sufficient facilities in many parts of the country
Choose the correct option:
a. i and iii
b. ii and iii
c. ii and iv
d. I, ii, iii and iv
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) i, ii, iii, & ivQuestion:5
A national-level approach to building up a reproductively healthy society was taken up in our country in:
a. the 1950s
b. The 1960s
c. The 1980s
d. The 1990s
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) 1950Question:6
Emergency contraceptives are effective if used within:
a. 72 hrs of coitus
b. 72 hrs of ovulation
c. 72 hrs of menstruation
d. 72 hrs of implantation
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) 72 hours of CoitusQuestion:7
Choose the right one among the statements given below:
a. IUDs are generally inserted by the user herself
b. IUDs increase phagocytosis reaction in the uterus
c. IUDs suppress gametogenesis
d. IUDs once inserted need not be replaced
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) IUDs increase phagocytosis reaction in the uterusQuestion:8
Following statements are given regarding MTP. Choose the correct options given below: -
i. MTPs are generally advised during the first trimester
ii. MTPs are used as a contraceptive method
iii. MTPs are always surgical
iv. MTPs require the assistance of qualified medical personnel
(a) ii and iii (b) ii and iii (c) i and iv (d) i and ii
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) i and ivQuestion:9
From the sexually transmitted diseases mentioned below, identify the one which does not specifically affect the sex organs:
a. Syphilis
b. AIDS
c. Gonorrhoea
d. Genital warts
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) AIDSQuestion:10
Condoms are one of the most popular contraceptives because of the following reasons:
a. These are effective barriers for insemination
b. They do not interfere with coital act
c. These help in reducing the risk of STDs
d. All of the above
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) All of the above are correct.Question:11
Choose the correct statement regarding the ZIFT procedure:
a. Ova collected from a female donor are transferred to the fallopian tube to facilitate zygote formation.
b. A zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the fallopian tube
c. A zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterus
d. Ova collected from a female donor and transferred to the uterus
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) A zygote is collected from a female donor and transferred to the fallopian tube.Question:12
The correct surgical procedure as a contraceptive method is:
a. Ovariectomy
b. Hysterectomy
c. Vasectomy
d. Castration
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) VasectomyQuestion:13
Diaphragms are contraceptive devices used by females. Choose the correct option from the statements given below:
i. They are introduced into the uterus
ii. They are placed to cover the cervical region
iii. They act as physical barriers for sperm entry
iv. They act as spermicidal agents
(a) I and ii, (b) I and iii, (c) ii and iii, (d) iii & iv
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) (ii), and (iii)Question:1
Reproductive health refers only to healthy reproductive functions. Comment.
Answer:
Reproductive health pertains to the proper functioning of all the key aspects of reproduction, i.e. physical, emotional, social, and behavioural, i.e. all the reproductive organs.Question:2
Answer:
The government’s Reproductive and Child Health Care programme is aimed at raising awareness regarding the reproduction-related topics amongst the common people. The end result desired from this programme is a reduction in mortality rates of mothers and infants.Question:3
The present population growth rate in India is alarming. Suggest ways to check it.
Answer:
Following are some of the ways to keep the present population growth rate in check: -Question:4
STDs can be considered as self-invited diseases. Comment
Answer:
STDs or Sexually Transmitted Diseases are those diseases which are transferred to another individual through sexual intercourse. They are sometimes regarded as Reproductive Tract Infections.Question:5
Answer:
Following are the various reproduction-related aspects in which counselling should be provided at the school level: -Question:6
Mention the primary aim of the “Assisted Reproductive Technology” (ART) programme.
Answer:
“Assisted Reproductive Technology” (ART) programme is designed to have infertile couples to have their own kids with the help of the specified techniques.Question:7
What is the significance of progesterone-estrogen combination as a contraceptive measure?
Answer:
As a contraceptive measure, progesterone-estrogen combination changes the quality of cervical mucus, thereby preventing sperm entry. It also stops implantation and ovulation.Question:8
Answer:
The need for strict conditions to be followed in the medical termination of pregnancy are present because of the following reasons: -Question:9
Males in whom testes fail to descend to the scrotum are generally infertile. Why?
Answer:
If the testes are unable to descend to the scrotum, they will not be able to produce sperms as they are extremely sensitive to temperature. As a result, the gametogenesis is inhibited, causing infertility.Question:10
Mention two advantages of lactational amenorrhea as a contraceptive method.
Answer:
Two advantages of lactational amenorrhea as a contraceptive method are as follows: -The topics covered in this chapter will help the students in learning optimum maternal, paternal and child health care pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy and post-pregnancy, are some of the topics associated with reproductive health and also population control.
As per NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology solutions chapter 4, Reproductive Health refers to the condition of male and female reproductive systems during all life stages. Reproductive health includes complete physical, mental and social well-being. It is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system.
● 4.1 – Reproductive Health – Problems and Strategies
● 4.2 – Population Explosion and Birth Control
● 4.3 – Medical Termination of Pregnancy
● 4.4 – Sexually Transmitted Diseases
● 4.5 – Infertility
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Chapter 1 | |
Chapter 2 | |
Chapter 3 | |
Chapter 4 | |
Chapter 5 | |
Chapter 6 | |
Chapter 7 | |
Chapter 8 | |
Chapter 9 | |
Chapter 10 | |
Chapter 11 | |
Chapter 12 | |
Chapter 13 | |
Chapter 14 | |
Chapter 15 | |
Chapter 16 |
The students who are preparing for board exams and also entrance examinations can benefit from this.
The topics covered in the book are reproductive health, medical termination of pregnancy and different topics.
Students can download pdf using an online webpage to pdf tool.
In NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology chapter 4 solutions, the type of questions present are true false questions with reasons, short and long answers, correcting the given statements and also very long answers.
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If you are looking for important questions of class 12th then I would like to suggest you to go with previous year questions of that particular board. You can go with last 5-10 years of PYQs so and after going through all the questions you will have a clear idea about the type and level of questions that are being asked and it will help you to boost your class 12th board preparation.
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