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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation
Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Apr 02, 2025 12:44 PM IST | #CBSE Class 12th
NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 15, Biodiversity and Its Conservation, is the that chapter deals with major topics like the significance of biodiversity, its types, reasons why biodiversity is threatened, and methods of conservation, emphasizing their role in maintaining ecological balance. The solutions offer in-depth details about these topics in different question formats, such as multiple-choice questions (MCQs), short answers, and long answers. NCERT Exemplar Solutions divides complex concepts into simple steps so that students can grasp the concept in the right way and prepare excellently for exams.
This Story also Contains
- Detailed Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Science Chapter 15 Biodiversity and its Conservation (Multiple Choice Questions)
- Access Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Science Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation (Very Short Answer Type Questions)
- Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Science Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation (Short Answer Type Questions)
- Get Answers to the Class 12 Science NCERT Exemplar Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation (Long Answer Type Questions)
- Overview of NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Chapter 15 Biodiversity and its Conservation
- Major Subtopics in NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Its Conservation
- NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 15 Biodiversity and its Conservation Importance
The explanations cover not just theoretical concepts but also highlight practical solutions to preserve biodiversity, including wildlife protection legislation, conservation of habitat, and sustainable use of resources. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Science have been selected by experts in the subject to ensure that the explanations are accurate and to the point. By step-by-step explanations and answers, the students can enhance their level of comprehension in environmental science, as well as their thinking abilities. The article is particularly ideal for last-minute revision since it provides a safe and precise guidebook outlining the chapter's central ideas.
Detailed Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Science Chapter 15 Biodiversity and its Conservation (Multiple Choice Questions)
Question:1
Which of the following countries has the highest biodiversity?
a. South America
b. South Africa
c. Russia
d. India
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) BrazilExplanation: This country falls in the area of Amazon rainforest, which is having the highest biodiversity in the world.
Question:2
Which of the following is not a cause for loss of biodiversity?
a. Destruction of habitat
b. Invasion by alien species
c. Keeping animals in zoological parks
d. Over-exploitation of natural resources
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) Keeping animals in zoological parksExplanation: Keeping animals in zoological parks helps in the conservation of biodiversity. It gives a natural and safe environment with supervision to check their decreasing numbers.
Question:3
Which of the following is not an invasive alien species in the Indian
context?
a. Lantana
b. Cynodon
c. Parthenium
d. Eichhornia
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) CynodonExplanation: Other species from the options were introduced into India from some other parts of the world. Cynodon has yet not introduced or spotted in India.
Question:4
Where among the following will you find pitcher plant?
a. The rain forest of North-East India
b. Sunderbans
c. The Thar Desert
d. Western Ghats
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) Rainforest of North-East IndiaExplanation: Pitcher plants are spotted in the rainforest of North-East India because the moist and humid climate is favourable to them.
Question:5
Which one of the following is not a major characteristic feature of
biodiversity hot spots?
a. A large number of species
b. An abundance of endemic species
c. Mostly located in the tropics
d. Mostly located in the polar regions
Answer:
The answer is option (c) mostly located in the polar regionsExplanation: Polar Regions have the poorest biodiversity because of low sunlight, very low temperatures and negligible precipitation.
Question:6
Match the animals given in column I with their location in column II:
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Dodo | i. Africa |
| B. Quagga | ii. Russia |
| C. Thylacine | iii. Mauritius |
| D. Stellar’s sea cow | iv. Australia |
a. A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv
b. A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii
c. A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv
d. A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) (i)-(c), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(b)Question:7
What is common to the following plants: Nepenthes, Psilotum, Rauwolfia and Aconitum?
a. All are ornamental plants
b. All are phylogenic link species
c. All are prone to overexploitation
d. All are exclusively present in the Eastern Himalayas.
Answer:
The answer is option (c) All are prone to over-exploitationExplanation: These plants have various medicinal uses in traditional medicines and hence they are exploited and prone to increased exploitation.
Question:8
The one-horned rhinoceros is specific to which of the following sanctuary
a. Bitar Kanika
b. Bandipur
c. Kaziranga
d. Corbett park
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) KazirangaExplanation: Kaziranga National Park is renowned for providing shelter to one-horned rhinoceros.
Question:9
Amongst the animal groups given below, which one appears to be more
vulnerable to extinction?
a. Insects
b. Mammals
c. Amphibians
d. Reptiles
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) AmphibiansExplanation: At present, 33% of all amphibian species face the threat of extinction.
Question:10
Which one of the following is an endangered plant species of India?
a. Rauwolfia serpentina
b. Santalum album (Sandalwood)
c. Cycas beddonei
d. All of the above
Answer:
The answer is option (d)All of theseQuestion:11
What is common to Lantana, Eichhornia and African catfish?
a. All are endangered species of India.
b. All are keystone species.
c. All are mammals found in India.
d. All the species are neither threatened nor Indigenous species of India
Answer:
The answer is option (d) All the species are neither threatened nor indigenous species of India.Explanation: All the species are neither threatened nor indigenous species of India.
Question:12
The extinction of passenger pigeons was due to:
a. Increased number of predatory birds.
b. Overexploitation by humans.
c. Non-availability of the food.
d. Bird flu virus infection.
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) Overexploitation by humans.Explanation: Passenger pigeons were native birds to North America. They became extinct due to excessive hunting.
Question:13
Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Parthenium is an endemic species of our country.
b. African catfish is not a threat to indigenous catfishes.
c. Steller’s sea cow is an extinct animal.
d. Lantana is popularly known as carrot grass.
Answer:
The answer is option (c) Steller’s sea cow is an extinct animal.Question:14
Among the ecosystems mentioned below, where can one find maximum
biodiversity?
a. Mangroves
b. Desert
c. Coral reefs
d. Alpine Meadows
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) Coral reefsExplanation: Mangroves and alpine meadows can support only a selected number of species. The same condition is in deserts as well.
Question:15
Which of the following forests is known as the ‘lungs of the planet Earth’?
a. Taiga forest
b. Tundra forest
c. Amazon rain forest
d. Rain forests of North East India
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) Amazon rainforestQuestion:16
The active chemical drug reserpine is obtained from:
a. Datura
b. Rauwolfia
c. Atropa
d. Papaver
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) RauwolfiaExplanation: Rauwolfia extract is used in developing the drug serpentine.
Question:17
Which of the following group exhibit more species diversity?
a. Gymnosperms
b. Algae
c. Bryophytes
d. Fungi
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) FungiExplanation: Among plants, angiosperms and fungi show the largest number of species.
Question:18
Which of the below-mentioned regions exhibit less seasonal variations?
a. Tropics
b. Temperates
c. Alpines
d. Both (a) & (b)Solution:
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) TropicsExplanation: Tropics get the same amount of illumination throughout the year and hence there is less seasonal variation.
Question:19
The historic convention on Biological Diversity held in Rio de Janeiro in
1992 is known as:
a. CITES Convention
b. The Earth Summit
c. G-16 Summit
d. MAB Programme
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) The Earth SummitQuestion:20
What is common to the techniques (i) in vitro fertilisation, (ii) Cryo
preservation and (iii) tissue culture?
a. All are in situ conservation methods.
b. All are ex-situ conservation methods.
c. All require ultra-modern equipment and large space.
d. All are methods of conservation of extinct organisms
Answer:
The answer is an option (b) All are ex-situ conservation methods.Explanation: Option (a) can be easily ruled out. Tissue culture does not require a large space and hence option (c) can be ruled out. Extinct organisms cannot be conserved, so option (d) can be ruled out.
Access Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Science Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation (Very Short Answer Type Questions)
Question:1
What characteristics make a community stable?
Answer:
The following characteristics make a community stable:(a) Least variation in productivity from year to year
(b) Resistance to occasional disturbances
(c) Resistance to invasion by alien species
Question:2
What could have triggered mass extinctions of species in the past?
Answer:
The following are the reasons for the mass extinctions of species in the past:(a) Natural disturbances
(b) Alien invasion
Question:3
What accounts for the greater ecological diversity of India?
Answer:
The following are the reasons for the greater ecological diversity of India:(a) Low Latitude: Biodiversity is higher in lower latitudes than in higher latitudes
(b) Presence of rainforests and deciduous forests in the country
(c) Presence of mountain forests
Question:4
Answer:
The crop field has high productivity but low diversity. The crop field is also a man-made ecosystem.Question:6
Answer:
The number of species, which thrive in biodiversity hotspots, is extremely high. Hence, protection of biodiversity hotspots alone can reduce up to 30% the current rate of species extinction.Question:7
What is the difference between endemic and exotic species?
Answer:
A species, which is confined to a particular geographical area, is called endemic to that area. On the other hand, a species, which has been introduced into a geographical area from some other area, is called an exotic species.Question:8
How does species diversity differ from ecological diversity?
Answer:
Ecological Diversity(i) It shows the diversity in terms of the type of ecosystem in a geographical area.
(ii) Presence of rainforest, desert, deciduous forests, etc. in India is an example of ecological diversity.
Species Diversity
(i). It shows diversity in terms of species under a particular genus.
(ii) The presence of many species of frogs is an example of species diversity.
Question:9
Why is genetic variation important in the plant Rauwolfia vomitoria?
Answer:
The plant Rauwolfia vomitoria produces various chemicals with medicinal properties. This could be possible because of genetic variation in Rauwolfia. Moreover, genetic variation also indicates richer biodiversity.Question:10
Answer:
The IUGN releases Red List to show the number of extinct and endangered species. Different countries also release their own version of this list which is usually termed as Red Data Book.Question:11
Answer:
The set of all genes in a population of a particular species is called the gene pool of that species.Question:12
What does the term ‘Frugivorous’ mean?
Answer:
A fruit-eating animal is called ‘Frugivorous,’ e.g. monkeys.Question:13
What is the expanded form of IUCN?
Answer:
International Union for the Conservation of Nature.Question:14
Define the terms (i) Bioprospecting (ii) Endemism
Answer:
(i) Bioprospecting: The process of discovery and commercialization of new products; based on biological resources; is called bioprospecting.(ii) Endemism: Certain geographical regions have a high prevalence of endemic species. This phenomenon is called endemism.
Question:15
What is common to the species shown in Figures A and B? 
Answer:
Both are invasive weed species.Question:16
What is common to the species shown in Figures A and B? 
Answer:
Both the figures A and B are examples of Keystone species. A species, which has a very high impact on its environment and the impact, is disproportionate to its numerical strength is called a keystone species.Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Science Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation (Short Answer Type Questions)
Question:1
How is the presently occurring species extinction different from the earlier mass extinctions?
Answer:
Earlier mass extinctions were caused by natural disturbances. However, the current mass extinction is happening because of fabricated interventions by human beings. Loss of habitat for a large number of organisms is because of human interventions.Question:2
Answer:
In my opinion, habitat loss and fragmentation are the major causes of the loss of biodiversity. Loss of habitat is mainly brought about by humans, through deforestation and pollution. Humans have cleared more than 50% of the Amazon rainforest. Since the Amazon rainforest is the richest in biodiversity; reduced forest cover in this region has led to a great loss of biodiversity. This speaks about the huge impact, which habitat loss and fragmentation can have on biodiversity.Question:3
Answer:
Let us take the example of an insect. Let us assume that it plays an important role in the pollination of many plants. If the insect becomes extinct, that will mean a problem for those plants, which depend on this insect for pollination. Those plants will not be able to produce seeds and may become extinct in due course of time. After the extinction of those plants, any species, which depend on them for food, will be left with limited resources for food. This shows that the extinction of even a single species can prove disastrous for the whole ecosystem.Question:4
Answer:
While considering a large area to assess the species-area curve, we need to understand the advantages offered by a large area. A larger area means more resources and thus a higher number of plants. This will provide more food to sustain more individuals. Thus, it will result in a greater number of species than what is possible in a confined area. This explains the occurrence of the steeper slope when we draw a species-area curve for a large area.Question:5
Answer:
A climax community is a community in which productivity and diversity are constant. It takes millions of years for a community to progress from the primary stage to the climax stage. A period of one hundred years is just a small part of the timeline of community succession. Hence, in most of the cases, a community can easily maintain constancy of productivity and diversity over a time of hundred years.Question:6
Answer:
The following are the reasons for greater biodiversity in tropical/subtropical regions:(a) Tropical regions have remained undisturbed during the course of evolution on Earth. However, temperate regions had been subject to frequent glaciations in the past. This provided ample scope for evolution for the organisms in the tropical regions. This could have led to greater biodiversity in the tropical region.
(b) Tropical environment remains more or less constant throughout the year.
(c) More solar energy is available in tropical regions. This helps in higher productivity in this region, which sustains a diverse set of organisms.
Question:7
Why are the conventional methods not suitable for the assessment of biodiversity of bacteria?
Answer:
Conventional methods are not sufficient to identify and assess many prokaryotic species. Scientists are yet to discover many species of bacteria, which are living on this Earth. Without complete knowledge of all the species present, it is not possible to properly assess the biodiversity of bacteria.Question:8
What criteria should one use in categorizing a species as threatened?
Answer:
Critical dispensation is one of the population dynamics that can be used in categorizing a species as threatened. It is a mathematical model and is used to categorize a species as threatened. When the population of a species reaches to such a low level that it is unable to sustain itself this level is called a critical dispensation. Once the population reaches this level, it faces the threat of extinction.Question:9
Answer:
The scientist has yet to understand the proper cause for large scale extinction of amphibians. Some of the possible reasons might include disease, habitat destruction and modification, exploitation, pollution, pesticide use, exotic species and ultraviolet-B radiation. Their complex reproductive need may be one of the causes of the high vulnerability of amphibians to extinction.Question:10
How do scientists extrapolate the total number of species on Earth?
Answer:
Scientists take the following steps to estimate the total number of species on Earth:(a) Selecting an exhaustively studied group of insects.
(b) Comparing its number of species in the tropics with that in the subtropics.
(c) Extrapolating this ratio to estimate the number of other species.
(d) Finally, the total estimate of the number of species on Earth is made.
Question:11
Humans benefit from the diversity of life. Give two examples.
Answer:
Following are the two benefits which human beings derive from biodiversity:(a) We get food, medicines, raw materials, wood, etc. from nature, and this is possible because of biodiversity.
(b) Biodiversity helps in maintaining the ecosystem. A healthy ecosystem is beneficial for all of us.
Question:12
List any two major causes other than anthropogenic causes of the loss of biodiversity.
Answer:
Two major causes (other than anthropogenic causes) for the loss of biodiversity are as follows:(a) Glaciations and Global warming: The Earth has been through many phases of glaciations and global warming. Mammoths are believed to have existed during the Ice Age. Global
warming led to the end of the Ice Age, which resulted in mass extinction.
(b) Meteor hit: Dinosaurs are believed to have become extinct because of a meteor hit.
Question:13
What is an endangered species? Give an example of an endangered plant and animal species each?
Answer:
A species, which has been categorized by the IUCN Red List as likely to become extinct, is called an endangered species. Examples are:Platanthera praeclara (a type of orchid) is an endangered plant.
Panthera pardus Orientalis (a type of leopard) is an endangered animal.
Question:14
What are sacred groves and their role in biodiversity conservation?
Answer:
In many tribal areas, a part of the forest is set aside. All the plants and animals in this part are worshipped, and no harm is done to them. This part is called a sacred grove. Sacred grove helps in creating awareness about biodiversity conservation. This consciousness has been passed down through generations to tribal people. This has definitely helped the tribal in the conservation of flora and fauna around their dwelling.Question:15
Suggest a place where one can go to study coral reefs, mangrove vegetation and estuaries.
Answer:
For studying coral reefs, one should go to the coast along Tamil Nadu. For mangrove vegetation, one should go to the southern tip of West Bengal. For estuaries, one should go and travel through the backwaters of Kerala.Question:16
Is it true that there is more solar energy available in the tropics? Explain briefly.
Answer:
It is true that more solar energy is available in the tropics. Sunlight falls directly at the tropics. Because of straight illumination, the duration of the day is longer at the tropics than at higher latitudes. Due to this, plenty of sunlight is available in the tropics. Better availability of solar energy results in higher productivity that is evident from the rich biodiversity in this region.Question:17
What is co-extinction? Explain with a suitable example?
Answer:
When a species becomes extinct, then plants and animals, which were obliquely dependent on it, also become extinct in due course of time. This phenomenon is called coextinction. If a fish becomes extinct, then many parasites, which got sustenance from the fish, become extinct. Many predators for which this fish was the main source of food would also become extinct.Get Answers to the Class 12 Science NCERT Exemplar Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation (Long Answer Type Questions)
Question:1
Elaborate how invasion by an alien species reduces the species diversity of an area.
Answer:
When an alien species is introduced into an area accidentally or on purpose, it may become invasive and threaten other species. Invasive species can be a serious competitor, competing for the same resources. It can also turn out to be a predator for some species. There are many examples of invasive species, which played havoc with the local biodiversity. Some examples are as follows: -(a) Water Hyacinth: Water Hyacinth is originally from the Amazon basin. It has proved to be invasive species in many countries. This plant grows at a rapid rate and covers the whole pond and lake. By covering the surface of the pond, this plant reduces the supply of sunlight and oxygen to the bottom of the pond. Thus, it proves detrimental for other organisms in the pond.
(b) Parthenium or Carrot Grass: This plant came as contaminant along with imported wheat from America. This plant proved to be highly invasive in India. This notorious breed becomes a big problem for farmers in India.
Question:2
How can you, as an individual, prevent the loss of biodiversity?
Answer:
We know that human interventions have hastened the loss of biodiversity, and loss of habitat is a major cause of this. Reducing the loss of habitat can help in preventing the loss of biodiversity. The following steps can be taken to achieve this:(i) Reduce: Reducing consumption of various items is essential. Reduction in demand will help in reducing the demand for natural resources. This will help in reducing deforestation and thus will help in preventing the loss of biodiversity.
(ii) Reuse: Reusing old items whenever possible. Old containers can be used for keeping household items. Reuse also helps in reducing the drain of natural resources.
(iii) Recycle: I will recycle various items. For example, an old newspaper can be used for making papier mache items. Old and discarded clothes can be used for making shopping bags and curtains.
Apart from reducing the drain on natural resources, the above-mentioned three Rs also help in minimizing pollution. If pollution can be checked, it will surely help to protect biodiversity.
Question:3
Answer:
An ecosystem works on continuous exchange and interdependencies among various components. All living beings depend on various abiotic factors to obtain raw materials and energy. Producers depend on soil, air and sunlight to produce food. Primary consumers depend on producers for food. Secondary consumers depend on primary consumers for food. Now let us consider the following scenario.Imagine two herbivores A and B. Animal A can feed on a variety of plants, while animal B can feed on only one plant. If the sole plant that is eaten by animal B is somehow wiped out from the area, then animal B will also face extinction. However, the loss of a few plant species will not pose any danger to the existence of animal A. This shows the advantage of diversity in terms of available plants for animal A.
The above logic applies to other organisms as well. This means that if there is rich biodiversity in the ecosystem, then primary and secondary productivity is at an optimum level. This helps in maintaining stability in the ecosystem.
Question:4
Answer:
Modern man is capable of doing many activities that were not possible by earlier species of hominid. Following examples illustrate this suitably:(a) Modern man began agriculture. The land was cleared to make way for farming. This changed the climate in a dramatic way. Farming also increased the level of conflict between humans and wildlife.
(b) Modern man began industries and developed various infrastructures. Many natural resources began to be exploited to promote industrialization and construct buildings. This not only resulted in the exploitation of forests and wildlife but also created pollution. All of this disturbed the wildlife. Clearing large tracts of forest area to make habitat for human beings is very common these days.
(c) Railways revolutionized the way we travel. But trains are a big cause for loss of habitat and life for many wild animals.
Question:5
Answer:
The product of ecosystem processes is called ecosystem service. Following is the list of four important ecosystem service:(a) Purification of air and water
(b) Rainfall
(c) Pollination of crops
(d) Assimilation of excess carbon
There should be no charge for ecosystem services because nature provides everything free. However, there should be proper attempts to estimate the cost of these services. Data about the costs of these services should be made available to the public. Every person should be educated about the real value of ecosystem services. This will help us appreciate the real value of services that we get from the ecosystem.
Question:6
Answer:
Consumptive Use Value: Many natural products are consumed at the local level by human beings. However, we neither sell nor buy these products. These products do not make a direct contribution to the nation’s economy. The value of these products is called the consumptive use value of biodiversity.(a) We pay for almost all the food we consume, but we do not pay for the soil, water and air
which play an important role in food production.
(b) Many naturally occurred herbs are used for their medicinal use by indigenous people. In most of the cases, people do not need to pay for using such plants. This also shows the consumptive use-value.
(c)Almost 2.4 million people all over the world use firewood for cooking and heating. People who use firewood do not need to pay for that. Had they been using some other fuel; they would have paid some money for that. This shows the consumptive use-value of firewood.
(d) In a rural area, people often use naturally growing fibre plants for making ropes and other useful items. They do not pay for the fibre. This shows the consumptive use-value of fibre.
Question:7
Answer:
Following are the reasons for greater species diversity near the equator than at the poles. The equator receives direct illumination and hence has experienced uniform climatic conditions throughout the history of evolution. Stable conditions near the equator have given rise to a large number of species. When we consider the temperate regions, the climatic conditions have changed dramatically in these regions. Many species, which live in these regions, become extinct during dramatic climatic changes. Hence, we find a lower number of species in these regions. In polar regions, due to extreme cold climatic conditions and less availability of sunlight species diversity is very low.Question:8
Explain briefly the ‘rivet popper hypothesis’ of Paul Ehrlich.
Answer:
Paul Ehrlich gave the ‘rivet’ (species) popper hypothesis’, which can be explained as follows:(a) An airplane has thousands of rivets which are important for joining different parts of the plane.
(b) Some rivets are more important (key species) than others because they may be present on a part which is structurally crucial (has a major ecosystem function) for aeroplanes.
(c) If a person takes out a rivet from a seat to keep it as a memento (causing a species to extinct); nothing is going to happen to the aeroplane. Even if subsequent passengers take out all the rivets from a seat, the only damage will be the collapse of that particular seat.
(d) If a person takes out a rivet from the wing of the aircraft (key species), there can be some issue of stability during flight. If all the rivets from the wing are taken out, then the flight will end in a disastrous crash.
This analogy shows that if an organism is highly crucial for an ecosystem, then its extinction can spell doom for the ecosystem.
Question:9
Answer:
Species richness in any area depends on various factors. Some of them are as follows:(a) Balance between immigration and extinction
(b) Rate and magnitude of disturbance in small area Vs large area
(c) Predator-prey dynamics
(d) Clustering of individuals of the same species because of dispersal limitations.
When the area increases up to a certain extent, the number of species increases, as shown by the graph, this can happen because of the reduced rate of disturbance and because of favourable predator-prey dynamics. Once the area increases beyond the threshold level, there is no growth in the number of species. This can happen because of dispersal limitations.
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Overview of NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Chapter 15 Biodiversity and its Conservation
Lesson 15 of biology, biodiversity and its conservations covers various and all components and aspects of biodiversity that has been defined as the most crucial part of ecosystem important for maintaining a balance around the ecosystem. The NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology chapter 15 solutions covers all the terms associated with bio diversity that has been defined as the sum total of diversity existing at all levels together.
Class 12 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 15 not only covers all the components and factors of biodiversity but also the need and importance of biodiversity along with means and ways to conserve and safeguard it in nature.
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions Subject Wise:
Major Subtopics in NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Its Conservation
- 15.1 Biodiversity
- (i) Genetic Diversity
- (ii) Species Diversity
- (iii) Ecological Diversity
- 15.1.1 How Many Species are there on Earth and How Many in India?
- 15.1.2 Patterns of Biodiversity
- (i) Latitudinal Gratitudes
- (ii) Species-area relationships
- 15.1.3 The Importance of Species Diversity to the Ecosystem
- 15.1.4 Loss of Biodiversity
- (i) Habitat loss and fragmentation
- (ii) Over exploitation
- (iii) Alien species invasions
- (iv) Co-extinctions
- 15.2 Biodiversity Conservation
- 15.2.1 Why Should We Conserve Biodiversity?
- 15.2.3 How to conserve Biodiversity?
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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 15 Biodiversity and its Conservation Importance
Class 12 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 15 will teach students about the various aspects of biodiversity and the factors associated with it. In chapter 15, students will also learn about the emerging issues and need of loss of biodiversity and what could be done to conserve the biodiversity present around us. The lesson will also enlighten students about different components of biodiversity, their relationship, and their importance in creating a balance in biodiversity.
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Important Topics in NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 15
Chapter 15 of Biology, biodiversity and its conservation solutions has been provided by our experts so that they can learn anywhere hassle-free. The explanations are a perfect way to learn briefly about biodiversity and its conservation including some of the main topics including the meaning of biodiversity, different types of biodiversity, types of biodiversity patterns, the importance of diversity in the ecosystem, loss of biodiversity and its causes.
Chapter 15 briefly deals with biodiversity, their survival and its conservation with respect to mankind. There are more than 1.5 million species present around the world that have diversified life forms on earth forming a part of biodiversity.
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Chapter Wise Links
Below are the NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology
The chapter on Biodiversity and Its Conservation calls attention to the tremendous value of biodiversity in ensuring ecological stability and sustaining life on our planet. It stresses the immediate requirement of preserving species from extinction, fighting habitat loss, and implementing sustainable conservation methods. With knowledge of the dangers threatening biodiversity, by taking precautions such as wildlife conservation schemes, planting trees, and legal mechanisms, we can preserve a well-balanced ecosystem. Maintaining biodiversity is not only crucial for nature but also for mankind, and hence a common obligation for current as well as future generations.
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Yes, the material available on our site can be accessed online as well as offline through NCERT exemplar class 12 Biology solutions chapter 15 pdf download in pdf form free of cost.
3. Are NCERT exemplar Class 12 Biology chapter 15 solutions reliable for study of Board examination?
Yes, the solutions have been carefully formed and reviewed by experts that have practiced in biology for over years and are formed keeping in mind the marking scheme and guidelines of CBSE
4. How does biodiversity contribute to ecosystem stability?
Biodiversity ensures ecosystem stability through the upkeep of ecological balance, nutrient cycling, and support of food webs. A varied set of species ensures resilience against environmental fluctuations, disease, and natural disasters. It facilitates ecosystem services such as pollination, water filtration, and climate regulation. In general, greater biodiversity makes ecosystems stronger, more adaptable, and more sustainable.
5. What are the different types of biodiversity discussed in NCERT Exemplar Class 12?
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 addresses three primary categories of biodiversity: Genetic, Species, and Ecosystem Biodiversity. Genetic biodiversity is a difference within a species, which facilitates adaptability and survival. Species biodiversity is the diversity of different species in a region, making an area ecologically balanced. Ecosystem biodiversity encompasses varied ecosystems such as forests, deserts, and wetlands, which harbour distinct forms of life and ecological processes.
6. What is species richness, and how is it measured?
Species richness is the number of different species present in a given area or ecosystem. It is measured by simply counting the total species in a defined region without considering their population size. Higher species richness indicates greater biodiversity and ecological stability. It is often assessed through field surveys, biodiversity indices, and ecological sampling methods.
7. How do national parks and wildlife sanctuaries help in biodiversity conservation?
National parks and wildlife sanctuaries contribute to biodiversity conservation by offering a safe habitat for different plant and animal species, thus avoiding habitat loss and poaching. They ensure ecological balance by safeguarding threatened species and maintaining natural ecosystems. Protected areas also encourage scientific research, environmental awareness, and eco-tourism. In general, they are vital in conserving biodiversity for future generations.
8. What are in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods?
In-situ conservation is conserving species within their natural habitat, for instance, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves, and in so doing, enabling them to survive within their ecosystems. Ex-situ conservation is the conserving of species outside their natural habitats by using techniques such as zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks, and gene banks. Both these methods have a significant function in maintaining biodiversity and avoiding the extinction of species. While ecological stability is preserved through in-situ conservation, ex-situ conservation guarantees the existence of threatened species in controlled conditions.
9. What is the significance of the IUCN Red List in conservation?
The IUCN Red List is significant in conservation as it determines the global status of species and provides a list of those threatened with extinction. Policymakers, researchers, and conservationists use it to prioritize efforts to conserve endangered species and their habitats. The Red List enables conservation planning and policy-making through the provision of scientific information on population trends and threats. Raising awareness and stimulating actions to conserve biodiversity globally is facilitated by this tool.
10. How does deforestation affect biodiversity?
Deforestation severely impacts biodiversity by destroying natural habitats, leading to the loss of plant and animal species. It disrupts food chains, reduces genetic diversity, and increases the risk of species extinction. The removal of trees also affects soil fertility, water cycles, and climate regulation, further endangering ecosystems. Protecting forests is crucial to preserving biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance.
11. Why is genetic diversity important for species survival?
Genetic diversity is crucial for species survival because it increases adaptability to environmental changes, diseases, and climate fluctuations. A gene pool with diversity raises the possibility of some individuals surviving dangers such as infections or habitat shifts. It also promotes healthy reproduction, lowering the risks of genetic disorders due to inbreeding. Generally, genetic diversity guarantees the long-term survival and evolution of species.
12. How do protected areas help in biodiversity conservation?
Protected areas help in biodiversity conservation by providing safe habitats for wildlife, preventing habitat destruction, and reducing human interference. They safeguard endangered species, support ecosystem balance, and promote natural breeding and growth. National parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves also help in research and education. These areas play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity for future generations.
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8 min ⋆ Mar 18, 2025 12:03 PM ISTQuestions related to CBSE Class 12th
Have a question related to CBSE Class 12th ?
Changing from the CBSE board to the Odisha CHSE in Class 12 is generally difficult and often not ideal due to differences in syllabi and examination structures. Most boards, including Odisha CHSE , do not recommend switching in the final year of schooling. It is crucial to consult both CBSE and Odisha CHSE authorities for specific policies, but making such a change earlier is advisable to prevent academic complications.
Manasvini Gupta 30 January,2025
Hello there! Thanks for reaching out to us at Careers360.
Ah, you're looking for CBSE quarterly question papers for mathematics, right? Those can be super helpful for exam prep.
Unfortunately, CBSE doesn't officially release quarterly papers - they mainly put out sample papers and previous years' board exam papers. But don't worry, there are still some good options to help you practice!
Have you checked out the CBSE sample papers on their official website? Those are usually pretty close to the actual exam format. You could also look into previous years' board exam papers - they're great for getting a feel for the types of questions that might come up.
If you're after more practice material, some textbook publishers release their own mock papers which can be useful too.
Let me know if you need any other tips for your math prep. Good luck with your studies!
Jefferson 25 September,2024
It's understandable to feel disheartened after facing a compartment exam, especially when you've invested significant effort. However, it's important to remember that setbacks are a part of life, and they can be opportunities for growth.
Possible steps:
-
Re-evaluate Your Study Strategies:
- Identify Weak Areas: Pinpoint the specific topics or concepts that caused difficulties.
- Seek Clarification: Reach out to teachers, tutors, or online resources for additional explanations.
- Practice Regularly: Consistent practice is key to mastering chemistry.
-
Consider Professional Help:
- Tutoring: A tutor can provide personalized guidance and support.
- Counseling: If you're feeling overwhelmed or unsure about your path, counseling can help.
-
Explore Alternative Options:
- Retake the Exam: If you're confident in your ability to improve, consider retaking the chemistry compartment exam.
- Change Course: If you're not interested in pursuing chemistry further, explore other academic options that align with your interests.
-
Focus on NEET 2025 Preparation:
- Stay Dedicated: Continue your NEET preparation with renewed determination.
- Utilize Resources: Make use of study materials, online courses, and mock tests.
-
Seek Support:
- Talk to Friends and Family: Sharing your feelings can provide comfort and encouragement.
- Join Study Groups: Collaborating with peers can create a supportive learning environment.
Remember: This is a temporary setback. With the right approach and perseverance, you can overcome this challenge and achieve your goals.
I hope this information helps you.
Kanishka kaushikii 17 September,2024
Hi,
Qualifications:
Age: As of the last registration date, you must be between the ages of 16 and 40.
Qualification: You must have graduated from an accredited board or at least passed the tenth grade. Higher qualifications are also accepted, such as a diploma, postgraduate degree, graduation, or 11th or 12th grade.
How to Apply:
Get the Medhavi app by visiting the Google Play Store.
Register: In the app, create an account.
Examine Notification: Examine the comprehensive notification on the scholarship examination.
Sign up to Take the Test: Finish the app's registration process.
Examine: The Medhavi app allows you to take the exam from the comfort of your home.
Get Results: In just two days, the results are made public.
Verification of Documents: Provide the required paperwork and bank account information for validation.
Get Scholarship: Following a successful verification process, the scholarship will be given. You need to have at least passed the 10th grade/matriculation scholarship amount will be transferred directly to your bank account.
Scholarship Details:
Type A: For candidates scoring 60% or above in the exam.
Type B: For candidates scoring between 50% and 60%.
Type C: For candidates scoring between 40% and 50%.
Cash Scholarship:
Scholarships can range from Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 18,000 per month, depending on the marks obtained and the type of scholarship exam (SAKSHAM, SWABHIMAN, SAMADHAN, etc.).
Since you already have a 12th grade qualification with 84%, you meet the qualification criteria and are eligible to apply for the Medhavi Scholarship exam. Make sure to prepare well for the exam to maximize your chances of receiving a higher scholarship.
Hope you find this useful!
Yuvan 30 August,2024
hello mahima,
If you have uploaded screenshot of your 12th board result taken from CBSE official website,there won,t be a problem with that.If the screenshot that you have uploaded is clear and legible. It should display your name, roll number, marks obtained, and any other relevant details in a readable forma.ALSO, the screenshot clearly show it is from the official CBSE results portal.
hope this helps.
Ashvadha 12 July,2024
Popular CBSE Class 12th Questions
A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is
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An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range
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Option 4)
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A particle is projected at 600 to the horizontal with a kinetic energy . The kinetic energy at the highest point
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In the reaction,
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Option 2)
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How many moles of magnesium phosphate, will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?
| Option 1)
0.02 |
Option 2)
3.125 × 10-2 |
| Option 3)
1.25 × 10-2 |
Option 4)
2.5 × 10-2 |
Colleges After 12th
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