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Did you know why the colour of blood is red or how some medicines work so effectively? The answer lies in Coordination compounds.These are special compounds formed when a central metal atom combines with small atoms or ions called ligands.These compounds function like a well organised system, where each part plays a specific role to make the whole structure stable and useful. The structure and properties of these compounds that make them essential in nature and industry.
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The important topics like crystal field theory (CFT), ligands, color and complex formation are all discussed in this chapter. The NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions chapter 9 are designed to present these concepts in the form of solved questions. These NCERT Exemplar solutions are valuable resources to enhance performance in board exams as well as in competitive exams as they provide well-explained answers to help you understand the concepts with ease. The higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) questions are also provided to develop your critical thinking. We have also added some points that will help you build a good problem-solving strategy.
The MCQ questions are covered in the NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 to enhance your knowledge. The concepts are explained in detail in class 12 chemistry chapter 9 notes available on our website.
Question 1 Which of the following complexes formed by
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
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Option (ii) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The stability of a compound will be more when the value of log K increases.
For reaction,
Log K has the highest value for this reaction amongst all the four reactions. The value of K will also be higher so, the stability of this complex will be highest.
Question 2: The colour of the coordination compounds depends on the crystal field splitting. What will be the correct order of absorption of wavelength of light in the visible region, for the complexes,
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
Option (iii) is the correct answer.
Explanation :
Question 3 When 0.1 mol
(i) 1:3 electrolyte
(ii) 1:2 electrolyte
(iii) 1:1 electrolyte
(iv) 3:1 electrolyte
Answer:
Option (ii) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
One mole of chloride ion gets precipitated by one mole of
Hence the molecular formula should be
Question 4 When 1 mol
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
Option (iv) is the correct answer.
Explanation: 3 mol of
Question 5: The correct
(i) Diamminedichloridoplatinum (II)
(ii) Diamminedichloridoplatinum (IV)
(iii) Diamminedichloridoplatinum (0)
(iv) Dichloridodiammineplatinum (IV)
Answer:
Option (i) is the correct answer.
Explanation: diamminedichloridoplatinum (II) is
Question 6 The stabilisation of coordination compounds due to chelation is called the chelate effect. Which of the following is the most stable complex species?
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
Option (iii) is the correct answer.
Explanation: Chelation is the formation of cycle of linkages between the metal ion and ligands is responsible for stabilizing the coordination compounds. A ligand which chelates any metal ion is known as chelating ligand.
Here, oxalate ion is the chelating ligand and
Question 7 Indicate the complex ion which shows geometrical isomerism.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
Option (i) is the correct answer.
Explanation :
(a)
Question 8 The CFSE for octahedral
(i) 18,000
(ii) 16,000
(iii) 8,000
(iv) 20,000
Answer:
Option (iii) is the correct answer.
Explanation :
(c) CFSE for tetrahedral complex is
Question 9 Due to the presence of ambidentate ligands coordination compounds show isomerism. Palladium complexes of the type
(i) linkage isomers
(ii) coordination isomers
(iii) ionisation isomers
(iv) geometrical isomers
Answer:
Option (i) is the correct answer.
Explanation: Ambident ligands are those ligands which have two different bonding sites. For example:
In this case,
Hence, the coordination compounds containing
Question 10 The compounds
(i) linkage isomerism
(ii) ionisation isomerism
(iii) coordination isomerism
(iv) no isomerism
Answer:
Option (iv) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Question 11 A chelating agent has two or more than two donor atoms to bind to a single metal ion. Which of the following is not a chelating agent?
(i) thiosulphate
(ii) oxalate
(iii) glycinato
(iv) ethane-1,2-diamine
Answer:
Option (i) is the correct answer.
Explanation: Thiosulphate or
Question 12 Which of the following species is not expected to be a ligand?
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
Option (ii) is the correct answer.
Explanation: To form M-L bonds, the ligand must donate a pair of electrons or any loosely held electron pair to the metal.
eg:
Among all
Hence
Question 13 What kind of isomerism exists between
(i) linkage isomerism
(ii) solvate isomerism
(iii) ionisation isomerism
(iv) coordination isomerism
Answer:
Option (ii) is the correct answer.
Explanation: The compound has different water molecules in number inside and outside of the coordination sphere.
Question 14 IUPAC name of
(i) Platinum diaminechloronitrite
(ii) Chloronitrito-N-ammineplatinum (II)
(iii) Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum (II)
(iv) Diamminechloronitrito-N-platinate (II)
Answer:
Option (iii) is the correct answer.
Explanation: diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum (II) is
The class 12 chemistry chapter 9 questions are provided here with simple explanations. Learn more through these advanced MCQs
Question 15 The atomic number of
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
Option (i) and (iii) are the correct answers.
Explanation :
(a,c)
(a) Molecular orbital electronic configuration of
Number of unpaired electron = 0
Magnetic property = Diamagnetic
(b) Molecular orbital electronic configuration of
Number of unpaired electron = 2
Magnetic property = Paramagnetic
(c) Molecular orbital electronic configuration of
Number of unpaired electron = 0
Magnetic property = Diamagnetic
(d) Molecular orbital electronic configuration of
Number of unpaired electron = 1
Magnetic property = Paramagnetic
Question 16 The atomic number of
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
Option (i) and (iii) are the correct answer.
Explanation :
(a,c)
Question 17 Which of the following options are correct for
(i)
(ii)
(iii) paramagnetic
(iv) diamagnetic
Answer:
Option (i) and (iii) are the correct answers.
Explanation :
(a,c)
Magnetic nature -paramagnetic.
Question 18 An aqueous pink solution of cobalt(II) chloride changes to deep blue on the addition of an excess of
(i)
(ii)
(iii) tetrahedral complexes have smaller crystal field splitting than octahedral complexes.
(iv) tetrahedral complexes have larger crystal field splitting than octahedral complex.
Answer:
Option (ii) and (iii) are the correct answers.
Explanation: The transition of electrons from t2g to eg energy level gives an aqueous pink solution of cobalt (II) chloride in
(i)
(ii) Tetrahedral complexes have smaller crystal field spliting than octahedral complexes because
Hence, options (b) and (c) are correct.
Question 19 Which of the following complexes is homoleptic?
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
Option (i) and (iii) are the correct answers.
Explanation: Both
Question 20 Which of the following complexes are heteroleptic?
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
Option (ii) and (iv) are the correct answers.
Explanation: Metal is bonded to more than one kind of ligands in complexes
Question 21 Identify the optically active compounds from the following: -
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
Option (i) and (iii) are the correct answers.
Non-superimposable isomers of
Non-superimosable isomers of
Question 22 Identify the correct statements for the behaviour of ethane-1, 2-diamine as a ligand.
(i) It is a neutral ligand.
(ii) It is a didentate ligand.
(iii) It is a chelating ligand.
(iv) It is a unidentate ligand.
Answer:
Option (i), (ii) and (iii) are the correct answers.
Explanation :
Ethane 1, 2-diamine is a neutral and didentate ligand. It is a chelating agent.
Question 23 Which of the following complexes show linkage isomerism?
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
Option (i) and (iii) are the correct answers.
Explanation:
The short-answer type questions are also given here in the NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 coordination compounds for practice. This section contains chemitsry chapter 9 important questions that are asked in the exams. Practice short answer types from the questions below
Question 24 Arrange the following complexes in the increasing order of conductivity of their solution:
Answer:
The correct order of increase in conductivity is given below:
There should be one free chlorine atom left outside the coordination sphere if silver chloride is formed in the reaction.
Question 26 A complex of the type
Answer:
If the complex is optically active then its structure has to be cis-octahedral.
Question 27 The magnetic moment of
Answer:
A magnetic moment of 5.92 BM indicates that there are at least 5 unpaired electrons. The formula for Magnetic Moment
As four ligands are attached to
Question 29 Why are low spin tetrahedral complexes not formed?
Answer:
The crystal field splitting energy is very low for tetrahedral complexes. The crystal field splitting energy is lower than pairing energy, therefore pairing of electrons is not favorable. Therefore, the complexes may not form low spin complexes
Question 31 Explain why
Answer:
[Fe(CN)6]3- involves d2sp3 hybridisation with one unpaired electron and [Fe(H2O)6]3+ involves sp3d2 hybridisation with five unpaired electrons. This difference is due to the presence of strong ligand CN– and weak ligand H2O in these complexes
Question 32 Arrange following complex ions in increasing order of crystal field splitting energy (
Answer:
The correct increasing order of crystal field is:
According to the spectrochemical series, this is also the correct increasing of order of the field strength.
Question 33 Why do compounds having similar geometry have a different magnetic moment?
Answer:
The difference lies in the number of paired and unpaired electrons. Strong field ligand can easily cause the pairing of electrons while the weak field ligands are not able to form pairs. The magnetic moment of a compound depends on the number of unpaired or paired electrons. Hence it is different for compounds having similar geometry.
Question 34
Answer:
In
Question 35 Name the type of isomerism when ambidentate ligands are attached to a central metal ion. Give two examples of ambidentate ligands.
Answer:
The ligands which have two binding sites are known as Ambidendate ligands. Some of the examples are: Nitrite-N, Nitrito-O and Isothiocyanato, Thiocyanato.
Linkage Isomerism is a type of isomerism when ambidentate ligands get attached to central metal ions. This happens because it only differs in the atom that they are linked the central metal ion.
The chemistry chapter 9 important questions are discussed below. These are generally asked in exams to test your knowledge. The NCERT exemplar Class 12 chemistry solutions chapter 9 is quite helpful for competitive exams.
Column I (Complex ion) |
Column II (Colour) |
(A) |
1. Violet |
(B) |
2. Green |
(C) |
3. Pale blue |
(D) |
4.Yellowish Orange |
|
5.Blue |
(i) A (1) B (2) C (4) D (5)
(ii) A (4) B (3) C (2) D (1)
(iii) A (3) B (2) C (4) D (1)
(iv) A (4) B (1) C (2) D (3)
Answer:
Option (ii) is the correct answer.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Column I (Coordination Compound) |
Column II ( Central metal atom) |
A. Chlorophyll |
1. rhodium |
B. Blood pigment |
2. Cobalt |
C.Wilkinson catalyst |
3.Calcium |
D Vitamin B12 |
4.Iron |
|
5. magnesium |
(i) A (5) B (4) C (1) D (2)
(ii) A (3) B (4) C (5) D (1)
(iii) A (4) B (3) C (2) D (1)
(iv) A (3) B (4) C (1) D (2)
Answer:
Option (i) is the correct answer.
(a) Chlorophyll contains a central magnesium
(b) The blood pigment haemoglobin contains a central iron
(c) Wilkinson's catalyst
(d) Vitamin
Column I (Complex ion) |
Column II (Hybridisation, number of unpaired electrons) |
A. |
1. |
B. |
2. |
C. |
3. |
D. |
4. |
|
5. |
(i) A (3) B (1) C (5) D (2)
(ii) A (4) B (3) C (2) D (1)
(iii) A (3) B (2) C (4) D (1)
(iv) A (4) B (1) C (2) D (3)
Answer:
Option (i) is the correct answer.
Explanation : (i) Strong field ligand forms an inner orbital complex with hybridization
(ii) Weak field ligand forms an outer orbital complex with hybridization
According to VBT, hybridization and the number of unpaired electrons of coordination compounds can be calculated as
(a)
MOEC (Molecular orbital electronic configuration) of
Hybridisation =
n (number of unpaired electrons) = 3
(b)
MOEC of
Hybridisation =
n (number of unpaired electrons) = 1
(c)
MOEC of
Hybridisation =
n (number of unpaired electrons) = 2
(d)
MOEC of
Hybridisation =
n (number of unpaired electrons) = 5
Hence , correct choice can be represented by (a).
Column I (Complex species) |
Column II (Isomerism) |
A. |
1. Optical |
B. |
2. Ionisation |
C. |
3. Coordination |
D. |
4. Geometrical |
|
5. Linkage |
(i) A (1) B (2) C (4) D (5)
(ii) A (4) B (3) C (2) D (1)
(iii) A (4) B (1) C (5) D (3)
(iv) A (4) B (1) C (2) D (3)
Answer:
Option (iv) is the correct answer.
Explanation : The types of ligands, arrangement of ligands and the geometry of coordination decide the isomerism in coordination compounds.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Hence, correct choice is (iv)
Column I (Compound) |
Column II (Oxidation state of Co) |
A. |
1. +4 |
B. |
2. 0 |
C. |
3. +1 |
D. |
4. +2 |
|
5. +3 |
(i) A (1) B (2) C (4) D (5)
(ii) A (4) B (3) C (2) D (1)
(iii) A (5) B (1) C (4) D (2)
(iv) A (4) B (1) C (2) D (3)
Answer:
Option (iii) is the correct answer.
Explanation: The oxidation state of the whole molecule is considered to calculate the oxidation state of CMI (central metal ion).
(a)
Let oxidation state of
(b)
Let oxidation state of
(c)
Let oxidation state of
(d)
Let oxidation state of
This is one of the most important sections covered in the NCERT exemplar Class 12 chemistry solutions chapter 9. These questions will improve your critical thinking.
Question 41 In the following question a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Toxic metal ions are removed by the chelating ligands.
Reason: Chelate complexes tend to be more stable.
(i) Assertion and reason both are true, the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(iii) An assertion is true, the reason is false.
(iv) The assertion is false, the reason is true.
Answer:
Option (i) is correct answer.
Explanation: Ligands chelate the metal ions by forming stable complex when solution of chelating ligands is added to a solution containing toxic metals.
Question 42 In the following question a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion:
Reason: Unpaired electrons are present in their d-orbitals.
(i) Assertion and reason both are true, the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(iii) An assertion is true, the reason is false.
(iv) The assertion is false, the reason is true.
Answer:
Option (ii) is correct answer.
Explanation: In both the complexes,
Question 43 In the following question a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Linkage isomerism arises in coordination compounds containing ambidentate ligand.
Reason: The Ambidentate ligand has two different donor atoms.
(i) Assertion and reason both are true, the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(iii) An assertion is true, and the reason is false.
(iv) The assertion is false, the reason is true.
Answer:
Option (i) is correct answer.
Explanation: Two different donor atoms in ambidentate ligand gives rise to linkage isomerism.
Question 44 In the following question a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion: Complexes of MX6 and MX5L type (X and L are unidentate) do not show geometrical isomerism.
Reason: Geometrical isomerism is not shown by complexes of coordination number 6.
(i) Assertion and reason both are true, the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(iii) An assertion is true, the reason is false.
(iv) The assertion is false, the reason is true.
Answer:
Option (iii) is correct answer.
Explanation: A different arrangement of ligands is not possible for complexes of MX6 and MX5L type. The complexes MA4B2, M(AA)2B2 and MA3B3 with coordination number 6 show geometrical isomerism.
Question 45 In the following question a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Assertion:
Reason: Because it has
(i) Assertion and reason both are true, the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(iii) An assertion is true, the reason is false.
(iv) The assertion is false, the reason is true.
Answer:
Option (iv) is correct answer.
Explanation: Corresponding to one unpaired ion,
The following are the long-answer type questions that needs more practice and learning. These are the chemistry chapter 9 important questions that are asked in the exams.
(i)
Number of unpaired electrons =4
Magnetic moment
Number of unpaired electrons =3
Magnetic moment =
Number of unpaired electrons =0
Diamagnetic .
(ii)
Number of unpaired electrons =5
Magnetic moment =
Number of unpaired electrons =4
Magnetic moment =
Diamagnetic.
Answer:
(i) Hybridisation -
(ii) Inner orbital complex
(iii) Paramagnetic
(iv) Magnetic moment
(i) Hybridisation -
(ii) Inner orbital complex
(iii) Diamagnetic
(iv) Magnetic moment=0
(i) Hybridisation -
(ii) Inner orbital complex
(iii) Paramagnetic
(iv) Magnetic moment=
(i) Hybridisation -
(ii) Outer orbital complex
(iii) Paramagnetic
(iv) Magnetic moment=
(i). The first isomer A reacts with
B reacts with
(ii). Ionisation Isomerism
(iii). A is Pentaamminesulphatocobalt (III) chloride while B is Pentaamminechlorocobalt (III) sulphate.
Question 49 What is the relationship between the observed color of the complex and the wavelength of light absorbed by the complex?
Answer:
Some part of the white light is absorbed when it falls on a complex compound. The crystal field splitting is inversely proportional to the wavelength absorbed by the complex i.e. higher the crystal field splitting, lower is the wavelength absorbed by the complex. The observed color by the complex is the color generated from the wavelength left over.
Question 50 Why are different colors observed in octahedral and tetrahedral complexes for the same metal and same ligands?
Answer:
In an octahedral complex, the lower wavelength of light is absorbed more than tetrahedral complex for the same metal and ligand. The formation of the d-orbital splitting is inverted in the tetrahedral coordination entity and it is smaller than the octahedral field splitting. It can be shown below for the same metal ligand.
HOTS-type questions are covered to improve your problem-solving ability and conceptual thinking. The class 12 chemistry chapter 9 questions and answers are given below that will help you tackle complex problems. Students can follow coordination compounds class 12 notes to learn the concepts in detail. The questions below will help you evaluate your understanding of the concepts.
Question: Given below are two statements :
Statement (I) : In octahedral complexes, when
Statement (II) : In tetrahedral complexes because of
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
(1) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
(2) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
(3) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Answer:
In octahedral complex
If
If
But in tetrahedral complex
Hence, the correct answer is the option (4).
Question: Identify the homoleptic complexes with odd number of
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) (B) and (D) only
(2) (C) and (E) only
(3) (A), (B) and (D) only
(4) (A), (C) and (E) only
Answer:
To determine the complexes that are both homoleptic and have an odd number of d-electrons, we analyze each option based on the oxidation state and electron count of the central metal.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hence, the correct answer is option (1).
Question: The number of paramagnetic metal complex species among
Answer:
Number of paramagnetic complexes with same number of unpaired electrons = 2 pairs
2 complexes have 0 unpaired electrons; they are
Now,
-
Fe atomic number
-
-
2 paramagnetic species have the same number of unpaired electrons.
No other pairs have the same number.
Hence, the answer is 2.
To effectively solve questions from Chapter 9, students can follow the approaches given below:
1. Understand the basic terminology
This is the basic yet important step. Some of the important terminologies are given below:
2. Remember IUPAC nomenclature rules for coordinate complexes.
While solving questions related to nomenclature, identify the ligands, metal, and their oxidation states, and follow IUPAC rules like:
Learn more from coordination compounds class 12 notes.
3. Theories of coordination compounds
Theories like Werner's theory, valence bond theory, the crystal field theory, forms the basis of this chapter and are frequently asked in exams.
4. Memorise some basic geometries
It's important to memorise some of the general and basic geometries like Linear, Trigonal planar, Tetrahedral, Square planar, Square pyramidal, Octahedral. he NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 9 will help you understand these concepts better.
5. Practice questions
A Proper understanding of basic concepts and practice helps students clear their doubts and solve questions effectively. You can get these type of questions in the NCERT Class 12 solutions available on our website. Students can refer NCERT Exemplar textbooks for practice
The following are the important topics in the NCERT chemistry chapter 9. Practice more at NCERT Class 12 chemistry chapter 9 exemplar solutions.
The following are the important trends covered in the Class 12 NCERT Chemistry chapter 9. Learn more from class 12 chemistry chapter 9 notes
1. Effective Atomic Number Formula:
2. Oxidation Number of Central Atom:
Oxidation number
3. Crystal field Stabilisation Energy
For octahedral complexes
Tetrahedral complexes
5. Some basic geometries according to Valence Bond Theory
Coordination Number | Type of Hybridisation | Shape |
4 | sp3 | Tetrahedral |
4 | dsp2 | Square Planar |
5 | sp3d | Trigonal Bipyramidal |
6 | sp3d2 | Octahedral |
6 | d2sp3 | Octahedral |
7. Magnetic moment
Follow the links below to get chapter-wise NCERT Class 12 solutions for your exam preparation.
Click on the links below to access the NCERT Class 12 solutions for all the chapters to make your preparations better.
The NCERT subject-wise solutions will help you broaden your concepts and will also help in revision. Learn more from Class 12 NCERT notes.
Students can refer to the links given below for the NCERT Exemplar subject-wise solutions for Class 12.
You can follow the links given in the table below to get access to the Class 12 NCERT notes.
You can find links to the Class 12 NCERT chemistry book and syllabus for the respective subjects.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Coordination compounds are complexes consisting of a central metal atom or ion bonded to surrounding molecules or ions called ligands. They are formed through coordinate covalent bonds, where ligands donate a pair of electrons to the metal to form these bonds, resulting in a stable structure.
Crystal field theory explains the electronic structure of transition metal complexes by considering the interactions between the central metal ion and surrounding ligands. The presence of ligands alters the energy levels of the d-orbitals, leading to the splitting of these orbitals based on the geometry of the complex. Learn morefrom our class 12 NCERT notes.
Properties of coordination compounds are determined with the help of ligands. Ligands affect properties like stability, colour of compounds and their reactivity.
The coordination number refers to the number of ligand atoms or ions that are directly bonded to the central metal atom in a coordination compound. It is usually determined by the spatial arrangement of ligands around the metal atom and can vary based on the size and charge of the metal ion as well as the type of ligands involved.
Strong field ligands create a larger splitting of d-orbitals while weak field ligands creates small splitting.Strong field ligands like CN⁻ and CO, tend to lead to low-spin complexes, while weak field ligands, such as I⁻ and Br⁻, lead to high-spin complexes.
On Question asked by student community
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