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In NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 11, students will learn the uses of alcohol in medicines in various forms as antiseptic disinfectant, antidote, etc. Alcohols are also used in Mouthwash, cosmetics, syrups and so on. Ethers are used in perfumes, resins, dyes, insecticides, etc. Phenols are used as surgical antiseptics and disinfectants in household cleaners. They are also used in explosives. Every topic in this NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry chapter 11 solutions is fairly and accurately explained.
These functional groups are essential parts of organic chemistry. Phenols are similar to alcohols but form stronger hydrogen bonds.
Also, check - NCERT Solutions for Class 12, other subjects
Question:1
Monochlorination of toluene in sunlight followed by hydrolysis with aq. yields.
(i) o-Cresol
(ii) m-Cresol
(iii) 2, 4-Dihydroxytoluene
(iv) Benzyl alcohol
Answer:
The answer is the option (iv). The monochlorination of toluene in sunlight results in halogenation that follows a free radical pathway and the product will react with the alkyl group forming haloalkyl.
And in the alkaline medium, the substitution reaction will take place resulting in the deduction of a hydrogen atom from the haloalkyl group. The end product formed will be alcohol; therefore, the monochlorination of toluene in light in the presence of aq. NaOH forms benzyl alcohol. So, option (iv) is the correct answer.
Question:2
How many alcohols with molecular formula are chiral?
(i) 1
(ii) 2
(iii) 3
(iv) 4
Answer:
The answer is the option (i). To identify the chirality of any compound in chemistry, the carbon present should be surrounded by four different groups and should not have any plane of symmetry.
The possible alcohols with the molecular formula are –
-
-
-
-
If all the alcohol's chemical structure is drawn of the possible compounds, then only one of them contains carbon with four different groups that are , so the right answer is the option (i) 1.
Question:3
What is the correct order of reactivity of alcohols in the following reaction?
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
The answer is option (iii). When dry anhydrous is mixed with concentrated , it forms Lucas reagent and the reaction involved is knows as the Lucas test. Formation of an intermediate carbocation takes place during the reaction, this reaction being a slow step of the mechanism, this carbocation dictates the rates of reaction.
According to the mechanism, the alcohol reactivity order is . But tertiary alcohol reacts very fast with Lucas reagent, so the reactivity order of alcohols in this particular reaction is –
So the correct option is (iii)
Question:4
can be converted into by ______________.
(i) catalytic hydrogenation
(ii) treatment with
(iii) treatment with pyridinium chlorochromate
(iv) treatment with
Answer:
The answer is the option (iii). The compound oxidises and forms as the end product. In the oxidation reaction process, the addition of pyridinium chlorochromate, a strong oxidising agent, breaks the cycle by forming aldehydes and preventing complete oxidation of . As the reaction is halted at the aldehyde stage, the end product formed is .
So can be converted into by option (iii) treatment with pyridinium chlorochromate
Question:5
The process of converting alkyl halides into alcohols involves_____________.
(i) addition reaction
(ii) substitution reaction
(iii) dehydrohalogenation reaction
(iv) rearrangement reaction
Answer:
The answer is the option (ii). To covert alkyl halides into alcohols, the reaction involved is –
In order to get the required result, the replacement of into is necessary. And as replacing one of the groups is required, the type of reaction involved is known as substitution reaction. Thus, the correct option is (ii) substitution reaction.
Question:6
Which of the following compounds is aromatic alcohol?
(i) A, B, C, D
(ii) A, D
(iii) B, C
(iv) A
Answer:
The answer is the option (iii). The characteristics of an aromatic compound are that they have an group indirectly attached to the benzene ring. So, Option (iii) B, C is the right answer.
Question:7
Give IUPAC name of the compound given below.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
The answer is the option (iii). To determine the IUPAC name of any chemical compound, the steps of nomenclature included are –
- Identifying the functional group and their correct order of priority. -OH having a higher priority, the suffix used will be '-ol'.
- Recognise the parental chain, which is the longest carbon chain containing the functional group. In this care, the
the chain consists of 6 carbons hence 'hexyl'.
- Numbering of the chain by giving the smallest number to the functional group and other side chains; thus, '2-ol'.
- Organise the side chain atoms/molecules and give, so they are chloro and 5-chloro in the mentioned compound.
- The resulting IUPAC name is 5-Chlorohexan-2-ol.
The conclusion of the correct option is (iii) 5-Chlorohexan-2-ol
Question:8
IUPAC name of m-cresol is ___________.
(i) 3-methyl phenol
(ii) 3-chlorophenol
(iii) 3-methoxy phenol
(iv) benzene-1,3-diol
Answer:
The answer is the option (i). The structure of m-cresol consists of a benzene ring with functional and substituent attached. m-cresol is the common name assigned to the compound, and according to the rules of nomenclature, the IUPAC name is of m-cresol is 3-methyl phenol. So, Option (i) 3-methyl phenol is the right answer.
Question:9
IUPAC name of the compound is ______________.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
The answer is the option (iii). To name the compounds containing carbon as their substituent group, steeps of nomenclature involved are –
1. Identify the longest carbon chain, also known as the parent chain. Calculate the number of carbons present and assign its root name.
2. Numbering of the parent chain by assigning the smallest number to the first substituent.
3. Recognise the position and name of all substituent carbon groups.
4. In the presence of identical groups, use the group prefix such as di, tri, tetra, etc.
5. Alphabetically arrange the substituent position and names in front of the root name. While making the order, prefix like di, tri, tetra should not be accounted for except iso and cyclo.
By following these rules, the IUPAC name of the given compound is . So the correct option is (iii)
Question:10
Which of the following species can act as the strongest base?
Answer:
The answer is the option (ii). The strength of a base is determined by the corresponding conjugate acid. If the acid is weak, the base is strong.
In the mentioned options, the phenol having a benzene ring has higher acidity than aliphatic alcohols. Since the acidity of water is more than alcohol, it makes the least acidic product. Since, according to the above-mentioned point, the weaker acid makes a strong base. will be the strongest base in all four options. This makes option (ii) as is the right answer.
Question:11
Which of the following compounds will react with sodium hydroxide solution in water?
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Answer:
The answer is the option(i). Sodium hydroxide is a strong base and to be able to make the reaction feasible; the other acidic reactant should be strong. Option (ii), (iii), and (iv) are alcohols and are weak in nature due to less affinity towards water thus they are able to dissociate into ions only to a certain extent. Whereas option (i) phenol is a strong acid due to its higher affinity towards water. This makes option (i) as the right answer
Question:12
Phenol is less acidic than ______________.
(i) ethanol
(ii) o-nitrophenol
(iii) o-methyl phenol
(iv) o-methoxy phenol
Answer:
The answer is the option (ii). The acidity of phenol is determined by its electron-withdrawing or donating ability. The present in phenol is an electron-withdrawing group, so it increases the acidity whereas groups like being electron-donating groups, they decrease the acidity of phenol is less acidic compared to o-nitrophenol from the given options. Thus, the correct option is (ii) o-nitrophenol
Question:13
Which of the following is most acidic?
(i) Benzyl alcohol
(ii) Cyclohexanol
(iii) Phenol
(iv) m-Chlorophenol
Answer:
The answer is the option (iv). The addition of electron-withdrawing groups in phenol increases its acidity, whereas the addition of electron-donating groups decreases the acidity. And as a known fact, that the (+R) effect duet to donating is dominant over the (+I) effect. But this is only feasible in the case of substituents at ortho and para positions.
Keeping the above-mentioned point in mind, the m-Chlorophenol compound is the most acidic of all four options. So, option (iv) is the answer.
Question:14
Mark the correct order of decreasing acid strength of the following compounds.
Answer:
The answer is the option (ii). According to the (+R) effect in the cyclic compound, the presence of an electron-withdrawing group at para position to makes the acidity level maximum of the compound whereas having an electron-donating group at the para position to makes the acidity level minimum. So, according to this concept, the correct decreasing order of acidity of the given compounds is Option (ii) b > d > a > c > e
Question:15
Mark the correct increasing order of reactivity of the following compounds with .
(i) a < b < c
(ii) b < a < c
(iii) b < c < a
(iv) c < b < a
Answer:
The answer is the option (iii). The type of reaction taking place in this process is the nucleophilic substitution reaction. The mechanism followed is , so the first slow step of the mechanism involves the formation of carbocation that determines the rate of reaction and then the addition of a nucleophile. The carbocation formed also controls the reactivity of this product formed. But in case of the presence of a highly electron-withdrawing group , the carbocation will be destabilised, and the reaction will not be favoured.
Whereas the high electron-withdrawing nature of the group due to lone pair presence, its tendency of electron-withdrawing is slightly low than , it will also manage to destabilise the carbocation and do not favour the reaction.
In the case of the first compound, , the absence of any destabilising factors makes the reaction occurrence favourable. Thus, the concluded increasing order of reactivity will be Option (iii) b < c < a
Question:16
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of boiling point.
Answer:
The answer is the option (i). To find out the order of boiling point in alcohols, the important factor is molecular mass. With an increasing molecular mass of the compound, the boiling point also increases. So, the compound with a maximum boiling point will be pentan-1-ol, and the compound with the least boiling point is Propan-1-ol.
The correct order would be Option (i)
Question:17
Which of the following are used to convert into ?
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv) Reaction with followed by hydrolysis
Answer:
The answer is the option (i), (ii), and (iii). The above-mentioned reactant is an aldehyde that is converted into alcohol. This type of reaction is called a reduction reaction. The reduction reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrogen metal catalysts to increase the rate of the reaction. The metal catalyst used is . If it is replaced by or , the reaction will still take place to get the exact result. This makes option (i), (ii), and (iii) as the correct answers.
Question:18
Which of the following reactions will yield phenol?
Answer:
The answer is the option (A), (B), (C). To carry out these reactions, the conditions required should be easy to maintain. The reaction occurring in (D) is a nucleophilic substitution of chlorobenzene which is not feasible as it requires drastic temperature and pressure conditions.
The reaction given in (A) is the Dow process, (B) is aniline diazotisation and (C) option contains a reaction from benzene sulphonic acid. All these reactions are feasible due to manageable reaction conditions. The correct options are Option (A), (B), and (C)
Question:19
The answer is the option (i), (iii), and (iv). The complete oxidation of primary alcohols results in the formation of carboxylic acid unless a mild oxidising agent is added to terminate the reaction at the aldehyde formation step. The most common mild oxidising agent used is (Pyridinium chlorochromate). Some other compounds used for this purpose are in an anhydrous medium and Heat in the presence of at 573K. So, the correct answers are an option (i), (iii), and (iv)
Question:20
Phenol can be distinguished from ethanol by the reactions with _________.
(i)
(ii)
(iii) Neutral
(iv) All the above
Answer:
The answer is the option (i) and (iii). Phenol can easily be distinguished from ethanol by adding bromine water as it results in a white ppt of tri-bromo phenol or Neutral can also be used for this purpose. But ethanol being aliphatic alcohol will not react with either of the compounds. So, the right answer is option (i) and (iii)
Question:21
Which of the following are benzylic alcohols?
Answer:
The answer is the option (ii) and (iii). The most prominent way to identify benzylic alcohol is to check if an group is attached to a hybridised carbon atom on an aromatic ring. As in the case of option (ii) and (iii), the hybridised carbon is attached to a benzene ring these are benzylic alcohols but in option (i) and (iv), the hybridised carbon is not attached to a benzene ring. So, option (ii) and (iii) are the answers.
Question:22
What is the structure and IUPAC name of glycerol?
Answer:
Glycerol comes under the category of trihydric alcohol and the IUPAC name according to the nomenclature rules is
Question:23
Write the IUPAC name of the following compounds.
Answer:
The systematic structure of naming of organic compounds in chemistry is given International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
The IUPAC name of the mentioned compounds are
(A) .
(B)
Question:24
Write the IUPAC name of the compound given below.
Answer:
After following the laws of nomenclature designed by IUPAC, the name of the compound is 3-Methylpent-2-ene-1,2-diol.
Question:25
Name the factors responsible for the solubility of alcohols in water.
Answer:
The high affinity of alcohols with water comes due to the following listed reasons –
I) Hydrogen bonds – with a greater number of H-bonds, the solubility of the compound increases.
II) Size of the alkyl or aryl groups- the size of alkyl or aryl groups attached determines the solubility as larger size contributes to a smaller number of H-bonds that decrease the solubility factor.
III) The molecular mass of the Alcohols – the larger molecular mass makes the compound less soluble due to difficulty in dissociation.
Question:26
What is denatured alcohol?
Answer:
To prevent alcohol stealing during the manufacturing process, it is mixed with additional components like copper sulfate and pyridine to make it unfit for drinking purposes. These substances change the colour and make the odour foul.
Question:27
Suggest a reagent for the following conversion.
Answer:
The above-given reaction is the formation of ketone from secondary alcohol through the process of oxidation. The most common oxidising agents used in this reaction are Pyridinium chlorochromate , chromic anhydride , etc.
Question:28
Out of 2-chloroethanol and ethanol, which is more acidic and why?
Answer:
The acidity of the compound depends on the type of group attached to the compound, due to being an electron-withdrawing group, the acidity of 2-chloroethanol is more. This leads to a decrease in electron density in the bond as a (-I) ( negative inductive effect) effect is created, This makes it very easy for 2-chloroethanol to release a proton
Question:29
Suggest a reagent for conversion of ethanol to ethanal.
Answer:
The reaction involved is the conversion of primary alcohol to an aldehyde by oxidation. The most feasible reagent for the above reaction is Pyridinium chlorochromate
Question:30
Suggest a reagent for conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid.
Answer:
To covert primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid through an oxidation reaction, the most efficient reagent is Acidified .
Question:31
Out of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol, which is more volatile? Explain.
Answer:
The bonds present in o-nitrophenol are intramolecular H-bonds, but in the case of p-nitrophenol, the bonds formed are intermolecular H-bonds. When these compounds are heated, the boiling temperature of p-nitrophenol gets elevated due to strong intermolecular H-bonds, but the same does not happen with o-nitrophenol. This makes the o-nitrophenol more volatile.
Question:32
Out of , which is more acidic?
Answer:
The presence of an electron-withdrawing group at para and ortho position increases the acidity of the cyclic compounds. As is present in o-nitrophenol, it makes it more acidic, but in o-cresol, the electron releasing group decreases its acidity.
Question:33
Treating phenol with bromine water makes a white precipitate as a by-product. The compound formed is named as , and the structure of this compound is given below -
Question:34
Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of acidity and give a suitable explanation.
Answer:
The acidity factor of these compounds depends on the type of groups attached. If the group is electron-withdrawing, they increase the acidity of the compound due to (-I) and (-R) effect, which is exactly the case in o-nitrophenol, making it most acidic. Also, due to the (+I) effect depicted by o-cresol, it is weaker than phenol.
So, the correct Increasing order of the acidity of the given compounds:
Question:35
All the alkyl groups exhibit the (+I) effect and with an increasing number of alkyl groups from Primary, secondary to tertiary alcohols, the -OH bond strength of increases due to elevation in the electron density. There is a low reactivity of sodium with tertiary alcohol due to steric hindrance and difference in nature. So, the correct decreasing order sodium metal reactivity towards alcohol is Primary alcohols > secondary alcohols > tertiary alcohols.
Question:36
What happens when benzene diazonium chloride is heated with water?
Answer:
During the treatment of benzene diazonium chloride in water, multiple by-products Nitrogen gas and Hydrochloric acid are formed. The major product formed is phenol.
Question:37
Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of acidity.
Answer:
To determine the acidity of these given compounds, they are treated with water. So, when is treated with water, it gets replaced by a stronger acid, and a similar happens with sodium ethynide on treatment with water and alcohol. The result is acetylene; this indicates that the strongest acids are water and alcohol. So the decreasing order of acidity of these compounds is-
Question:38
The enzymes used in the fermentation process of converting ethanol from sucrose are invertase and zymase.
The enzyme invertase processes sucrose into glucose and fructose and later in the presence of zymase, glucose and fructose are converted into ethanol. The reaction involved in the process is given below:
Question:39
How can propane-2-one be converted into tert- butyl alcohol?
Answer:
When ketones are treated with dry ether (Grignard's Reagent), they get converted into tertiary alcohols after hydrolysis. Thus to convert Propane-2-one to tert- butyl alcohol in the presence of Grignard's Reagent, you need to add and also perform hydrolysis to get the desired result.
Question:40
To become an optically active, compounds are required to be chiral. To check the chirality of any compound, they must have a carbon atom attached with four different groups and have no plane of symmetry. From the above-mentioned compounds, only Butan-2-ol is optically active as the rest are achiral compounds.
Question:41
Explain why is group in phenols is more strongly held as compared to group in alcohols.
Answer:
Even though both alcohol and phenol groups contain group, the bond strength is much higher in phenols as compared to alcohols due to the direct attachment of group to an hybridised carbon in phenol. The bond size is relatively smaller, and because of resonance & charge distribution, it acquires a partial double bond character in phenolic compounds.
Question:42
Explain why nucleophilic substitution reactions are not very common in phenols.
Answer:
For the feasibility of a nucleophilic substitution reaction, the compound present should be able to uptake the nucleophile involved, but in the case of phenols, the resonance effect on bond gives its electron to the benzene ring making the electron density very high. Due to this high electron density, nucleophiles are repelled and are not able to substitute any atom from the phenol compound.
Question:43
Answer:
To prepare alcohols from alkene in the presence of sulphuric acid through the process of hydration of alkenes. The reactions take place under the influence of Markownikoff's rule, and there are major 3 steps involved in the mechanism.
Step (1) Protonation of alkene and formation of a carbocation
Step (2) Nucleophilic attack of water
Step (3) Deprotonation occurs, and alcohol is formed. is released.
Question:44
Explain why is non-polar while is polar.
Answer:
The dipole movement of both compounds decides whether they are polar or non-polar. As is a linear molecule, it is non-polar in nature because of equal distribution of its diploe movement in both directions. This makes the net dipole movement zero. But in the case of ethers, the dipole movement might be in opposite directions, but the net movement is not zero, which makes it a non-polar molecule.
Question:45
Why is the reactivity of all the three classes of alcohols with cone. and (Lucas reagent) different?
Answer:
The reactivity factor of all alcohols depends on the carbocation formed. Since the reaction mechanism followed by these compounds is , the higher stability of intermediate carbocation formed in the first slow step of reaction makes the compound more reactive. The tertiary carbocation formed are most stable, making these compound most reactive. But in case of secondary alcohols, they do not show any turbidity at room temperature, but on heating, they exhibit turbidity, so the carbocation formed is slightly more stable than the primary alcohols.
Question:46
Write steps to carry out the conversion of phenol to aspirin.
Answer:
The most common method of preparing aspirin is reacting salicylic acid with acetic anhydride. Reacting phenol with and yields salicylic acid. The name of the reaction is Kolbe's reaction. Later in the reaction, the acetylation of group takes place by replacing hydrogen with an acetyl group.
Question:47
The hydroxyl group present in phenol makes more nitrate. And because of the resonance of bond, it makes the benzene ring rich in electron density which further makes it feasible for electrophilic substitution reaction. This indicates that the nitration, also known as electrophilic substitution, takes place in compounds with high electron density.
Question:48
In Kolbe's reaction, instead of phenol, phenoxide ion is treated with carbon dioxide. Why?
Answer:
The phenoxide ion used in the reaction is more reactive as compared to phenol due to the ability to donate its lone pair. This increases the compounds' affinity towards the electrophilic substitution reaction. These abilities make the compound a stronger nucleophile compared to phenol, and it is able to react easily with
Question:49
The dipole moment of phenol is smaller than that of methanol. Why?
Answer:
The dipole movement is dependent on the polarity of the compound. They are directly proportional, and in the case of phenol, the carbon atom is hybridised, creating an electron-withdrawing effect on the benzene ring. But in methanol, the hybridisation of the carbon is , which results in an electron releasing effect. Due to this scenario, the bond polarity of the bond is more in phenol as compared to methanol. This directly results in smaller dipole movement in phenol.
Question:50
Alkaloids being strong base as well as nucleophiles can react with tertiary alkyl halides through elimination reaction. During the reaction of tert-butyl-bromide with tert-butoxide rather than the expected substitution reaction, it undergoes the elimination reaction. Due to this mishappening, the product formed is Iso butylene instead of Di-tert-butyl ether.
Question:51
Bond angle of being slightly less in alcohol compared to the tetrahedral bond angle. This phenomenon occurs because-
The C-O-H bond angle in alcohols is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle because of the repulsion between the two lone pairs of electrons on oxygen atoms as these pairs pushes the C-O bonds closer to each other.
In case of ethers, the oxygen atom is attached to bulky alkyl groups, hence repulsion between these R groups pushes the two C-O bonds away from each other and hence the bond angle is slightly greater than the tetrahedral angle.
Question:52
Explain why low molecular mass alcohols are soluble in water.
Answer:
The occurrence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds due to the H-bonds in alcohol compounds plays a major role. With the increasing number of alkyl groups, the molecular mass increases, due to which the polar nature of these compounds gets suppressed. Hence, the solubility factor of alcohol is indirectly proportional to the molecular mass.
Question:53
Explain why p-nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol.
Answer:
The presence of the electron-withdrawing group in cyclic compounds is responsible for providing the compound its acidic strength, and in para-phenol, a strong electron-withdrawing group is present at par position. There is no group present in phenol. This presence increases the acidic strength as well as stabilises the phenoxide ion.
Question:54
Explain why alcohols and ethers of comparable molecular mass have different boiling points?
Answer:
Due to the presence of intermolecular H-bonds in alcohol, the energy required to break H-bonds is more than the energy required to break simple dipole-dipole bonds present in ethers. Thus, the boiling point of alcohol is higher than the boiling point of ethers.
Question:55
The carbon-oxygen bond in phenol is slightly stronger than that in methanol. Why?
Answer:
The higher bond strength in the compound is due to the resonance effect in the molecule that mimics double bond characters in bonding. Therefore, the size of this bond is decreased in phenol. Also, the oxygen atom in phenol is directly attached to the hybridised carbon atom by single bond. Hence the carbon-oxygen bond in phenol is slightly stronger than that in methanol.
Question:56
Arrange water, ethanol and phenol in increasing order of acidity and give a reason for your answer.
Answer:
When all the above molecules are treated with water, the phenol molecule easily forms phenoxide ion and also gets stabilised duet to resonance. These features increase its acidity, but in the case of ethanol, the ion formed is ethoxide ion which is very unstable; thus, the acidity of the compound is very less. But water being a good proton donor is slightly more acidic than ethanol. The increasing order of acidity is: Ethanol < water < phenol
Question:57
Column I | Column II | ||
i) | a) | Hydroquinone | |
ii) | b) | Phenetole | |
iii) | c) | Catechol | |
iv) | d) | o-Cresol | |
v) | e) | Quinone | |
vi) | f) | Resorcinol | |
g) | Anisole |
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Answer:
The correct match sequence of structure with their names us –
(i d), (ii c), (iii f), (iv a), (v g), (vi b)
(i) Cresols are methyl phenols that exist in three types namely: w-cresol, o-cresol, and p-cresol.
(ii) The common name of Catechol is pyrocatechol. It is the main constituent in many pesticides and perfumes. The IUPAC name is 1, 2-dihydrobenzene.
(iii). The compound Resorcinol is very commonly used to aid acne, skin disorders. ITSS IUPAC name is 1, 3-dihydroxybenzene.
(iv). The IUPAC name of Hydroquinone is 1, 4-dihydroxybenzene, and it is commonly known as quinol. The compound is a good reducing agent and looks like white granular solid.
(v) It is a colourless liquid also known as methoxy benzene, and the odour is similar to anise seed
(vi) Phenetole is commonly called ethyl phenyl ether; it is an organic compound. With a volatile nature, its vapours have explosive nature.
Question:58
Answer:
When the given compounds are reacted with HI, their correct product formation is –(i d), (ii e), (iii b), (iv a)
(i) Due to the symmetrical structure of , the end products of the reaction are and .
(ii) The compound being asymmetrical follows the mechanism; therefore it forms the following product
(iii) The alkyl group attached to the compound are primary and tertiary; thus, it follows the mechanism. In the process, the halide group attacks the tertiary and forms and
(iv) The structure mentioned is alkyl aryl ether which is an asymmetrical ether in nature. And having the partial bond structure, the products formed are and .
Question:59
Match the items of Column I with items of Column II.
Column I | Column II | ||
(i) | Antifreeze used in car engine | (a) | Neutral ferric chloride |
(ii) | Solvent used in perfumes | (b) | Glycerol |
(iii) | Starting material for picric acid | (c) | Methanol |
(iv) | Wood spirit | (d) | Phenol |
(v) | Reagent used for detection of phenolic group | (e) | Ethylene glycol |
(vi) | By product of soap industry used in cosmetics | (f) | Ethanol |
Answer:
The correct matching pattern of the given compound and their properties is mentioned below – (i e), (ii f), (iii d), (iv c), (v a), (vi b)
(i) Mainly used in the manufacturing of polyester fibres industry as a raw material its IUPAC name is ethane-1, 2-diol.
(ii) The key properties of ethanol include being a good solvent for fatty substances. Being safe for skin use, it is a good constitute of perfumes.
(iii)When phenol reacts with cone. it gets converted into picric acid (2, 4, 6-trinitro-phenol)
(iv) The widely known 'wood spirit' or Methanol, is made by destructive distillation of wood.
(v) Neutral ferric chloride is a well know reagent used for phenolic group detection, and it imparts purple/red colour when mixed with phenols.
(vi). The standard soap preparation is done by reacting with fatty acids.
Question:60
Match the items of Column I with items of Column II.
Column I | Column II | ||
(i) | Methanol | (a) | Conversion of phenol to o-hydroxysalicylic acid |
(ii) | Kolbe's reaction | (d) | Ethyl alcohol |
(iii) | Williamson's synthesis | (c) | Conversion of phenol to salicyaldehyde |
(iv) | Conversion of 2o alcohol to ketone | (d) | wood spirit |
(v) | Reimer-Tiemann reaction | (e) | Heated copper at 573 K |
(vi) | Fermentation | (f) | Reaction of alkyl halide with sodium alkoxide |
Answer:
The right match options for column 1 are -
(i d), (ii a), (iii f), (iv e), (v c), (vi b)
(i) The destructive distillation method is used to produce methanol commonly known as 'wood spirit.'
(ii) When phenol reacts with gas, the reaction results in 2-hydroxy benzoic acid (salicylic acid). The name of the process is Kolbe's reaction.
(iii). Another important method of ether preparation of ether is Williamson's Synthesis. In this preparation method, an alkyl halide is made to react with sodium alkoxide.
(iv) In this method, secondary alcohol passes over highly heated copper up to 573K; this results in dehydrogenation and formation of a ketone.
(v) An aldehyde group is introduced at the ortho position of the benzene ring when phenol is treated with chloroform in the presence of .
(vi) Preparation of ethanol is done via fermentation of sugars.
Question:61
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Assertion (A): Addition reaction of water to but-1-ene in acidic medium yields-butan-1-ol.
Reason (R): Addition of water in acidic medium proceeds through the formation of a primary carbocation.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion..
Answer:
(ii) When water is added to but-l-ene in an acidic medium it forms butan-2-ol. The addition of water in the process crosses secondary carbocation formation.
Question:62
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Assertion (A): p-Nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol.
Reason (R): Nitro group helps in the stabilisation of the phenoxide ion by dispersal of negative charge due to resonance.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion..
Answer:
(i) p-Nitrophenol has a higher acidic nature compared to phenol; this is due to the stabilising of phenoxide ion by the nitro group by negative charge dispersal.
Question:63
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Assertion (A): IUPAC name of the compound
Reason (R): In IUPAC nomenclature, ether is regarded as hydrocarbon derivative in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by or group [where R = alkyl group and Ar = aryl group]
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion..
Answer:
(iv) The IUPAC name of the given compound according to the nomenclature rules is 2-propoxypropane.
Question:64
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Assertion (A): Bond angle in ethers is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle.
Reason (R): There is a repulsion between the two bulky (-R) groups.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion..
Answer:
(iv) Because there is repulsion in between two bulky alkyl groups, tetrahedral angle in ethers is slightly less than bond angle.
Question:65
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Assertion (A): Boiling points of alcohols and ethers are high.
Reason (R): They can form intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion..
Answer:
(ii) Ethers have lower boiling points than alcohols. In hydrogen bonding, ethers cannot form intermolecular whereas alcohols can.
Question:66
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Assertion (A): Like bromination of benzene, bromination of phenol is also carried out in the presence of Lewis acid.
Reason (R): Lewis acid polarises the bromine molecule.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion..
Answer:
(iv) Lewis acid is not useful for the bromination of phenol as its absence won't do anything.
Question:67
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Assertion (A): o-Nitrophenol is less soluble in water than the m- and p-isomers.
Reason (R): m-Nitrophenol and p-Nitrophenol exists as associated molecules.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion..
Answer:
(v) Intramolecular H-bonding is present in o-nitrophenol.
Thus, m-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol form H-bonds with H2O but o-nitrophenol does not. Also, m-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol exist as associated molecules because of the presence of intermolecular H-bonding.
Question:68
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Assertion (A): Ethanol is a weaker acid than phenol.
Reason (R): Sodium ethoxide may be prepared by the reaction of ethanol with aqueous
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion..
Answer:
(iii) Because ethoxide ion cannot be stabilised by resonance, as compared to phenoxide ion; that's why ethanol is a weaker acid than phenol. The reaction between ethanol with sodium is done to obtain Sodium ethoxide.
Question:69
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Assertion (A): Phenol forms 2,4, 6-tribromophenol on treatment with in carbon disulphide at 273 K.
Reason (R): Bromine polarises in carbon disulphide.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion..
Answer:
(ii) When bromine is treated with phenol in water, it forms 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol. Even when the Lewis acid is absent, the polarisation of bromine can still take place in phenols.
Question:70
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Assertion (A): Phenols give o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol on nitration with cone. and mixture.
Reason (R): group in phenol is o-,p-directing.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Both assertion and reason are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion..
Answer:
(iv) When nitration of Phenols is done with dil. , they give o, p-nitrophenol and 2,4, 6-trinitrophenol is formed with cone. .
Question:71
Write the mechanism of the reaction of HI with methoxybenzene.
Answer:
Phenol and an alkyl halide are always the products of alkyl aryl ethers because bond has a partial double bond character when resonance takes place.
Mechanism :
Step 1 – The protonation of ether molecules forms a methylphenyl oxonium ion
The above-mentioned ion has a weaker bond as compared to the as it has a partial double bond character. This double bond character is exhibited due to the resonance between the lone pair of electrons present on O-atom and the carbon atom of the phenyl group, which is hybridised.
Step 2 – The protonated ether gives methyl iodide and phenol after interacting with I ion in mechanism.
Question:72
Solution: (a) The main initiating material used in the industrial preparation of phenol is Cumene (Isopropyl benzene)
(c) In the normal case scenario, Lewis acid is necessary to carry out the halogenation reaction, and is responsible for the polarisation of the halogen molecule. But when phenol is taken for halogenation reaction, due to its group no activation agent is required as it is a high activation group present on the benzene ring.
The mechanism involved is that phenoxide ion is given by phenol after ionisation in aqueous solution. And the presence of negative charge on the oxygen atom dictates it to give its electron to the benzene ring. This makes the ring trisubstituted product due to its high activation. But in non-polar solvents, phenol does not ionise to a greater extent. As a consequence, electrons are donated to a small extent by the group. The ring is activated slightly only contributes to mono-substitution.
Question:73
How can phenol be converted to aspirin?
Answer:
The chemical name of aspirin is salicylic acid. The mechanism of converting phenol into aspirin involves carbon dioxide being absorbed by sodium phenoxide and maintaining the temp at 400 K and 4-7 atm pressure. The first intermediate generated form of sodium salicylate by protonation. The acidification of sodium salicylate results in –
The acetylation of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of conc. Sulphuric acid results in the formation of aspirin.
Question:74
Biocatalysts, as the name suggests, are the organic compounds that play the role of catalysts by reducing its activation energy and speeding up the process. These are a series of enzymes found in living organisms that catalyse their biochemical reactions. The most famous use of biocatalyst is in ethanol production from sugar solution (molasses):
When sugar solution is crystallised, the left-out solution or the mother liquor is termed as molasses which is the non-crystallised part. Its sugar concentration is 50%. It is kept for about 2-3 days after diluting it with 10% solution and yeast. Yeast has a role in providing enzymes invertase and zymase. The invertase gets broken down into sucrose to glucose and fructose after hydrolyses. Whereas the zymase gets helps in converting fructose and glucose to ethanol.
The winemaking process is very different; the source of sugar and yeast are grapes, not molasses. With time the sugar content increases due to the ripening of the grapes. After crushing of grapes, fermentation take its toll and occurs under anaerobic conditions and releases .
When the concentration of alcohol reaches up to 14%, the fermentation stops. If in case there is the presence of air in the fermented mixture, ethanol gets oxidised to ethanoic acid, which degrades the taste and quality of the alcohol
Apart from being informative, NCERT exemplar solutions for class 12 Chemistry chapter 11 is also fun and interesting for all those chemistry lovers who love to find different reactions and compounds. NCERT exemplar class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 11 pdf download can be easily accessed for preparation.
· These are a few important aspects of Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers.
Alcohols:
Grignard synthesis
Sp3 Hybridization
Tetrahedral position
Phenols:
Crystalline solids
Carbolic acids
Ethers:
Polar but insoluble in water
Low boiling point
V shape.
. These topics are explained in the NCERT exemplar class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 11 ·
Chapter 1 | |
Chapter 2 | |
Chapter 3 | |
Chapter 4 | |
Chapter 5 | |
Chapter 6 | |
Chapter 7 | |
Chapter 8 | |
Chapter 9 | |
Chapter 10 | |
Chapter 11 | Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers |
Chapter 12 | |
Chapter 13 | |
Chapter 14 | |
Chapter 15 | |
Chapter 16 |
Must read NCERT Solution subject wise
Read more NCERT Notes subject wise
Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:
These NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 11 are available in webpage format. But one can download them as pdf using online free tools.
Below are the aspects of Alcohol:
Grignard synthesis
Sp3 Hybridization
Tetrahedral position
Students will learn about the significance and importance of these functional groups. It will also act as an easy-to-understand guide to Alcohols, phenols and Ethers.
Hello aspirant,
The purpose of graphic design extends beyond the brand's look. Nevertheless, by conveying what the brand stands for, it significantly aids in the development of a sense of understanding between a company and its audience. The future in the field of graphic designing is very promising.
There are various courses available for graphic designing. To know more information about these courses and much more details, you can visit our website by clicking on the link given below.
https://www.careers360.com/courses/graphic-designing-course
Thank you
Hope this information helps you.
hello,
Yes you can appear for the compartment paper again since CBSE gives three chances to a candidate to clear his/her exams so you still have two more attempts. However, you can appear for your improvement paper for all subjects but you cannot appear for the ones in which you have failed.
I hope this was helpful!
Good Luck
Hello dear,
If you was not able to clear 1st compartment and now you giving second compartment so YES, you can go for your improvement exam next year but if a student receives an improvement, they are given the opportunity to retake the boards as a private candidate the following year, but there are some requirements. First, the student must pass all of their subjects; if they received a compartment in any subject, they must then pass the compartment exam before being eligible for the improvement.
As you can registered yourself as private candidate for giving your improvement exam of 12 standard CBSE(Central Board of Secondary Education).For that you have to wait for a whole year which is bit difficult for you.
Positive side of waiting for whole year is you have a whole year to preparing yourself for your examination. You have no distraction or something which may causes your failure in the exams. In whole year you have to stay focused on your 12 standard examination for doing well in it. By this you get a highest marks as a comparison of others.
Believe in Yourself! You can make anything happen
All the very best.
Hello Student,
I appreciate your Interest in education. See the improvement is not restricted to one subject or multiple subjects and we cannot say if improvement in one subject in one year leads to improvement in more subjects in coming year.
You just need to have a revision of all subjects what you have completed in the school. have a revision and practice of subjects and concepts helps you better.
All the best.
Hi,
You just need to give the exams for the concerned two subjects in which you have got RT. There is no need to give exam for all of your subjects, you can just fill the form for the two subjects only.
Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.
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The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.
Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.
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A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.
Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.
A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.
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A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.
Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.
A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.
A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.
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Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.
A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.
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The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.
An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.
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For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.
Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.
Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.
Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.
Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.
A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.
The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.
A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.
Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.
An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story.
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In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.
In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.
Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.
For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.
Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.
Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.
Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication), B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media), or MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.
Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.
A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.
Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.
A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.
A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.
A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software.
The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.
An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.
An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.
Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack
An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process.
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