AP Inter 2nd Year Syllabus 2026-27 – Subject-Wise PDF for Science, Commerce & Arts

AP Inter 2nd Year Accountancy Syllabus

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AP Inter 2nd Year Civics Syllabus

AP Inter 2nd Year Chemistry Syllabus

AP Inter 2nd Year Geography Syllabus

AP Inter 2nd Year Economics Syllabus

AP Inter 2nd Year Language Subject Syllabus

AP Inter 2nd Year History Syllabus

AP Inter 2nd Year Physics Syllabus

AP Inter 2nd Year Maths Syllabus

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English: Part I

Prose

1. Respond Instead of Reacting by Azim Premji

2. How to Live to be 200 by Stephen Leacock

3. Albert Einstein at School by Patrick Pringle

4. Eight Cousins or One Brother? By D.Balasubramanian

5. Spoon-Feeding by W.R.Inge

6. Mother’s Day: One-Act play by J.B.Priestley

Poetry

1. Equipment by Edgar Albert Guest

2. The Giving Tree by Shel Silverstein

3. Human Family by Maya Angelou

4. Bull in the City by Sri Sri (Translated by Velcheru Narayana Rao)

5. Harvest Hymn by John Betjeman

Non-Detailed Text

1. Animal Farm (an abridged version) by George Orwell

Study skills and communication skills

1. Conversation Practice

2. Vocabulary

3. Reading Comprehension

4. Interpretation of Non-Verbal Information

5. The Language of Advertisements

6. Letter Writing

7. Note Making

8. Word Stress

9. Describing a Process

10. Completing a Form

11. Curriculum Vitae

English: Part II

Prose

1. Playing the English Gentleman - M.K. Gandhi

2. The Bet - Anton Chekov

3. The Mad Tea Party - Lewis Carrol

4. On Smiles - A.G. Gardiner

5. The Prize Poem Sir P. G. Wodehouse

6. Sale - Anita Desai

7. Riders to the Sea - J.M. Synge

Poetry

1. Ulysses - Alfred Lord Tennyson

2. The Second Coming - W.B. Yeats

3. The Unknown Citizen - W.H. Auden

4. To the Indians who Died in South Africa -T.S. Eliot

5. The Night of the Scorpion - Nissim Ezekiel

6. Rakhi - Vikram Seth

7. Telephone Conversation - Wole Soyinka

Non-Detailed Text

Julius Caesar - Shakespeare Orient Longman Edition

Chapters

Important Topics

Chapter 1: SOLUTIONS

Types of solutions, expressing concentration of solutions mass percentage, volume percentage, mass by volume percentage, parts per million, Abnormal molar masses-van’t Hoff factor, etc.

Chapter 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL KINETICS

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Electrochemical cells, Galvanic cells: measurement of

electrode potentials, the Nernst equation, and the equilibrium constant from

Nernst equation- electrochemical cell and Gibbs energy of the cell

reaction, Corrosion of metals, Hydrogen economy, etc.

Chapter 3: SURFACE CHEMISTRY

Adsorption and absorption, mechanism of adsorption, types of adsorption, characteristics of physisorption - adsorption from solution phase, applications of adsorption, Emulsions, etc.

Chapter 4: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY

The occurrence of metals, magnetic separation, froth floatation, leaching,

Extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore, conversion to

oxide, Uses of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron, etc.

Chapter 5: p-BLOCK ELEMENTS

GROUP-15 ELEMENTS

Occurrence- electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii,

ionisation energy, electronegativity, physical and chemical

properties, Phosphorus halides, etc.

GROUP-16 ELEMENTS

Occurrence- electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii,

ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy,

electronegativity, physical and chemical properties,

Dioxygen-preparation, etc.

GROUP-17 ELEMENTS

Occurrence, electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii,

ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties, etc.

GROUP-18 ELEMENTS

Occurrence, electronic configuration, ionisation

enthalpy, atomic radii, electron gain enthalpy, Xenon-oxygen, compounds XeO3 and XeOF4 - their formation and structures, etc.

Chapter 6: d AND f BLOCK ELEMENTS & COORDINATION COMPOUNDS d AND f BLOCK ELEMENTS

Actinides-electronic configuration, atomic and ionic sizes, oxidation states, general characteristics, and Comparison with lanthanide. Some important compounds of transition elements-oxides and oxoanions of metals: preparation and properties of potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate-structures of chromate, dichromate, etc. COORDINATION COMPOUNDS: Structural isomerism linkage, coordination, ionisation and solvate isomerism, bonding in coordination compounds, etc.

Chapter 7: POLYMERS

Types of polymerisation reactions: addition polymerisation or chain growth polymerisation, ionic polymerisation, free radical mechanism, preparation of addition polymers-polythene, Teflon, Polymers of commercial importance: polypropene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride(PVC), urea-formaldehyde resin, etc.

Chapter 8: BIOMOLECULES

Enzymes: Enzymes, mechanism of enzyme action, Hormones: Definition, different types of hormones, their production, biological activity, diseases due to their abnormal activities, etc.

Chapter 9: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Chemicals in food, artificial sweetening agents, food preservatives, Drug-enzyme interaction Receptors as drug targets, Cleansing agents-soaps and synthetic detergents, etc.

Chapter 10:

HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES

Classification and nomenclature, Nature of C-X bond, by the addition of hydrogen halides and halogens to alkenes-by halogen exchange, triiodomethane, tetrachloro methane, freons and DDT, etc.

Units

Chapters

Important Topics

Unit-I Plant Physiology

Chapter 1: Transport in Plants

Means of Transport, Phloem Transport: Flow from Source to Sink, Long Distance Transport of Water, etc.

Chapter 2: Mineral Nutrition

Methods to Study the Mineral Requirements of Plants, Essential Mineral Elements, Metabolism of Nitrogen, etc.

Chapter 3: Enzymes

The concentration of Substrate, Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes, etc.

Chapter 4: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Early Experiments, Site of Photosynthesis, Pigments Involved in Photosynthesis, Factors affecting Photosynthesis, etc.

Chapter 5: Respiration of Plants

Cellular respiration, Glycolysis, Fermentation, Aerobic Respiration, Amphibolic Pathway, Respiratory Quotient, etc.

Chapter 6: Plant Growth and Development

Development, Plant Growth Regulators, Seed Dormancy, Photoperiodism, Vernalisation, etc.

UNIT II: Microbiology

Chapter 7: Bacteria

Morphology of Bacteria, Bacterial cell structure, The importance of Bacteria to Humans, etc.

Chapter 8: Viruses

Multiplication of Bacteriophages- The Lysogenic Cycle, Viral diseases in Plants, etc.

UNIT III: Genetics

Chapter 9: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Mendel’s Experiments, Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, Linkage and Recombination, Mutations, etc.

UNIT IV: Molecular Biology

Chapter 10: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

The DNA, Transcription, Translation, Regulation of Gene Expression, etc.

UNIT V: Biotechnology

Chapter 11: Principles and Processes of

Biotechnology

Principles of Biotechnology, Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology, etc.

Chapter 12: Biotechnology and Its Applications

Biotechnological Applications In Agriculture, Transgenic plants, Biosafety and Ethical issues, etc.

UNIT VI: Plants, Microbes and Human Welfare

Chapter 13: Strategies for enhancement in

food production

Plant breeding, Single-cell protein, Tissue culture, etc.

Chapter 14: Microbes in Human Welfare

Primary treatment, Secondary treatment or Biological treatment, Microbes as Biofertilizers, Challenges posed by Microbes, etc.

Units

Important Topics

UNIT-I Human Anatomy and Physiology-I

carbohydrates and fats, egestion,

The calorific value of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, etc.

UNIT II: Human Anatomy and Physiology-II

Human circulatory system – structure of the human heart and

blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, double circulation;

regulation of cardiac activity, etc.

UNIT III: Human Anatomy and Physiology-III

Myasthenia gravis, tetany,

muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout, etc.

UNIT IV: Human Anatomy and Physiology-IV

Dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goitre, exophthalmic

goitre, diabetes, Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome, etc.

UNIT V: Human Reproduction

Fertilization, Embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation, etc.

UNIT VI: Genetics

Colour blindness; Mendelian

disorders in humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle-cell

anaemia, cystic fibrosis, PKU, Alkaptonuria, etc.

UNIT VII: Organic Evolution

Hardy-Weinberg law; Types of Natural Selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Variations (mutations and genetic recombination), etc.

UNIT VIII: Applied Biology

Human insulin and vaccine production; Gene Therapy; Transgenic animals; ELISA; Vaccines, MABs, Cancer biology, stem cells, etc.

Chapters

Important Topics

Chapter 1: Economic Growth And Development

Economic growth, Economic Development, Differences Between Economic Growth and Development, etc.

Chapter 2: Population and Human Resources Development

World Population, Causes of the rapid growth of population in India, Occupational distribution of the population of India, Meaning of Human Resources Development, etc.

Chapter 3: National Income

Income Inequalities, Causes of Income Inequalities, Measures to control income inequalities, Unemployment in India, etc.

Chapter 4: Agriculture Sector

Cropping pattern in India, Organic Farming, Irrigation facilities in India, Productivity of agriculture, Landholdings in India, etc.

Chapter 5: Industrial Sector

National Manufacturing Policy, Disinvestment, National Investment Fund (NIF), Foreign Direct Investment, Special Economic Zones, etc.

Chapter 6: Tertiary Sector

Tourism, Banking and Insurance, Communication, Science and Technology, etc.

Chapter 7: Planning And Economic Reforms

Regional Imbalances, Role of Trade in Economic Development, Economic Reforms in India, GATT, etc.

Chapter 8: Environment and Sustainable Economic Development

Environment, Economic Development, Environment and Economic Linkages, etc.

Chapter 9: Economy Of Andhra Pradesh

Education, Environment, Agricultural sector, Industrial sector, etc.

Chapter 10: Economic Statistics

Methods of Studying Variation, Measures of Dispersion for Average, Lorenz Curve, Correlation, etc.

Subject

Units

Psychology

I. Motivation

II. Human Abilities

III. Social behavior

IV. Groups and Leadership

V. Communication Skills

VI. Personality

VII. Issues in contemporary society

VIII. Health Psychology

Sections

Chapters

Section - I

1. Human Geography

2. Man and Environment

3. World Population

4. Human activities

SECTION – II

5. Resources

6. Agriculture

7. Minerals

8. Industries

9. Transportation

SECTION – III

1. Physical features of India

2. Major rivers of India

3. Climate of India

4. The natural vegetation of India

5. Soils

6. Population

7. Irrigation

8. Agriculture

9. Minerals

10. Industries

11. Transportation

12. Geography of Andhra Pradesh

Subject

Units

Sociology

Unit-I Social Structure of Indian Society

Unit-II Unity in Diversity

Unit-III The disadvantaged groups in India:

Unit-IV Social Problems

Unit-V Contemporary Social Problems in India

Unit-VI Social Policy & Programmes

Unit-VII Social Skills for Intervention

Unit-VIII Civic awareness & Civic responsibility

Subject

Units

Public Administration

I. Administrative Machinery in India

II. Planning Machinery in India

III.Urban Development Administration

IV. Rural Development Administration

V. Social Welfare Administration

VI. Citizen Administration

VII. Good Governance

VIII. Emerging Trends and Issues in Administration