PSEB 12th Syllabus 2026-27: Punjab Board Class 12 Syllabus For All Subjects

Section A (Lessons for Intensive Study)

Hassan's Attendance Problem by Sudha Murthy

The March King by Katherine Little Bakeless

Thinking Out of the Box: Lateral Thinking

On Saying 'Please' by A. G. Gardiner

The Story of My Life by Helen Keller

Two Gentlemen of Verona A. J. Cronin

In Celebration of Being Alive by Dr Christian Barnard

Gadari Babas in Kalapani Jail by Dr Harish Puri

Section B (Poetry)

Prayer of the Woods

On Friendship by Khalil Gibran

The Echoing Green by William Blake

Once upon a Time by Gabriel Okara

The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost

Father Returning Home by Dilip Chitre

On His Blindness by John Milton

Section C (Lessons for Extensive Study)

The School for Sympathy by E. V. Lucas

A Chameleon by Anton Chekhov

Bholi by K. A. Abbas

The Gold Frame by R. K. Laxman

The Barber's Trade Union by Mulk Raj Anand

The Bull Beneath the Earth by K. S. Virk

Section D (Grammar and Composition)

Grammar

Composition

Determiners

Précis writing

Use of Non-finite

(Infinitives, Gerunds, Participles)

Letter writing (Official/Business/To Editors)

Transformation of Sentences

Application

Voice

Explaining Newspaper Headline

Narration

Email writing

Relations & Functions

Relations & Functions

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Algebra

Matrices and Determinants

Calculus

Continuity and Differentiability

Applications of Derivatives

Integrals

Applications of the Integrals

Differential Equations

Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

Vectors

3-Dimensional Geometry

Linear Programming

Linear Programming

Probability

Probability

Reproduction

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

Human Reproduction

Reproductive health

Genetics and Evolution

Heredity and variation

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Evolution

Biology and Human Welfare

Human Health and Disease

Microbes in human welfare

Biotechnology and its applications

Biotechnology: Principles and processes

Biotechnology and its applications

Ecology and environment

Organisms and populations

Ecosystem

Biodiversity and Conservation

Part – A Principles and Functions of Management

Nature and Significance of Management

Principles of Management

Business Environment

Planning

Organising

Staffing

Directing

Controlling

Coordination

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Part – B Business Finance & Marketing

Business Finance

Financial Markets

Marketing

Consumer Protection

Part-I

Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organisations

Accounting For Partnership Firms

Change In The Profit-Sharing Ratio

Admission Of A Partner

Retirement And Death Of A Partner

Dissolution Of Partnership Firms

Part -II

Accounting For Share Capital

Accounting For Debentures

Analysis Of Financial Statements

Cash Flow Statement

Part-III

Overview Of Computerized Accounting System

Using a Computerised Accounting System

Introduction to DBMS and Electronic Spreadsheet

Accounting Application Of Electronic Spreadsheet

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics

National Income and Related Aggregates

Determination of Income and Employment

Money and Banking

Government Budget and the Economy

Foreign Exchange Rate and Balance of Payments

Part B: Indian Economic Development

Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991

Current challenges faced by the Indian Economy

Part C: Statistics in Economics

Correlation and Index Numbers

Fundamentals of Information Technology

Concepts and Scope of Information Technology, Fundamentals of Computers

Elements of a Computer System

Computer Hardware and Software.

Computer Organisation, CPU, etc

Multimedia

Fundamentals of the Internet and the Working of the Internet

Concept of

Internet, Use of Internet, Requirements of Internet, Internet Domain

Internet Server, establishing connectivity on the Internet, etc

Introduction to e-commerce and E-Commerce in India

Meaning,

Features, Functions and Benefits of E-Commerce, E-Commerce Practices

Traditional Practice, Scope and Basic Models of E-Commerce, etc.

E-Payments

Transaction through the Internet, Requirements of E-Payment

System, Postpaid Payment System, Credit Card Solutions, etc

E-Security

Areas of Internet Security, Security Threats, Security

Breach Avoidance, Detection and Recovery, etc.

E-Banking

Meaning, Importanœ and Types of E-Banking

Services.Traditional vs E-Banking, Process of E-Banking, etc

E-Trading

Meaning and Importance of E-Trading, Operational Aspects of E-Trading, Status of E-Trading in India

E-Marketing

Concept of E-Marketing, 4Ps of E-Marketing, Status of E-Marketing in India, etc.

Part-A

Physical Features of Punjab and their Influence on its History.

Guru Arjan Dev Ji and His Martyrdom.

Sources of the History of Punjab.

Guru Hargobind Ji and the Transformation of Sikhism.

Political, Social and Economic Conditions of Punjab at the beginning of the 16th Century.

Guru Har Rai Ji and Guru Har Krishan Ji

Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s life and His Teachings.

Guru Teg Bahadur Ji and His Martyrdom.

Development of Sikhism under Guru Angad Dev Ji, Guru Amar Das Ji and Guru Ram Das Ji.

Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the foundation of Khalsa, His battles and His personality.

Banda Singh Bahadur.

Part-B

Abdus Samad Khan, Zakaria Khan and Mir Mannu: Their relations with the Sikhs.

Anglo-Sikh Relations (1800-1839).

Rise of the Dal Khalsa and its mode of Fighting.

Ranjit Singh’s relations with Afghanistan and his N.W.F. Policy.

Social and Economic Conditions of Punjab under the Mughals.

Civil and Military Administration of Ranjit Singh.

Invasions of Ahmed Shah Abdali and the disintegration of Mughal rule in Punjab.

Character and Personality of Ranjit Singh.

Origin and Growth of the Sikh Misls and their nature of organisation.

First Anglo-Sikh War – Causes and Results.

Ranjit Singh’s Career and Conquests.

Second Anglo-Sikh War – Causes and Results, Annexation of Punjab.

Part-C (Map)

Battles of Guru Gobind Singh Ji.

First Anglo-Sikh War.

Important Battles of Banda Singh Bahadur.

Second Anglo-Sikh War.

Ranjit Singh’s kingdom.

Chapters of Part A (Political Theory)

Political System

Major Contemporary Political Theories

Bureaucracy (Civil Services)

Interest and Pressure Groups

Public opinion

Party System

Indian Democracy

Democracy at Grassroots

Party System in India

Electoral System

National Integration

Foreign Policy of India

India and the World

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Tribal, Rural and Urban Societies in India

Tribal Society

Rural Society

Urban Society

Inequalities in Indian Society

Caste Inequalities

Class Inequalities

Gender Inequalities

Structural and Cultural Change in India

Westernisation and Sanskritization

Modernisation and Globalisation

Social Movement

Social Problems in Indian Society

Social Problems

Violence Against Women

Social Issues

Nature & Scope of Geography & its Branches

Geographical thoughts, Radical and postmodern geography, all branches of Geography in brief, etc.

Human resources

Population, Determinants of population change, Human development concept, Human Settlement, etc.

Economic Geography

Primary Activities: Concept of changing trends; gathering, pastora, Geographical distribution of major crops in India, etc.

Secondary Activities: Concept, Manufacturing types, Distribution of resources and their conservation, Industries: Types, Distribution of selective industries, etc.

Tertiary Activities: Quaternary activities, Quinary Services, etc.

Transport, Communication & Trade

Land transport, Water Transport, Air Transport, Oil and Natural Gas pipelines, International and National trade, etc.

Geographical Perspectives on selected issues and problems

Environmental pollution: Land, Water, Air

Practical Work

Types of data, Representation of data, Thematic Maps, Data analysis and generation of diagrams and graphs, Field Studies and Land Use Survey, Satellite Communication, etc

Project report: Growth of population. Changing patterns in agriculture, Migration patterns from Punjab to foreign countries, Superlatives of any concerned city or village