CBSE Class 10 Maths Syllabus 2026-27: Unit-Wise Topics, Marks Distribution & Exam Pattern

CBSE Class 10 Maths syllabus 2026-27

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Units

Chapters

Topics

I. Number Systems

1. Real Numbers

• Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples

• Proofs of irrationality of √2, √3, √5

II. Algebra

1. Polynomials

• Zeros of a polynomial

• Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials

2. Pair of Linear Equations In Two Variables

• Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency/inconsistency

• Algebraic conditions for number of solutions.

• Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination. Simple situational problems

3. Quadratic Equations

• Standard form of a quadratic equation ?? 2 + ?? + ? = 0, (? ≠ 0).

• Solutions of quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorisation, and by using the quadratic formula. Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots.

• Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day-to-day activities to be incorporated

4. Arithmetic Progression

• Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression

• Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms of AP and their application in solving daily life problems.

III Coordinate Geometry

Coordinate Geometry

Review: Concepts of coordinate geometry. Distance formula. Section formula (internal division)

IV Geometry

1. Triangles

Definitions, examples, counterexamples of similar triangles.

• (Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

• State (without proof) If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third side

• State (without proof) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional, and the triangles are similar.

• State (without proof) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their corresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar.

• State (without proof) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.

2. Circles

Tangent to a circle at point of contact.

• (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.

• (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

V. Trigonometry

1. Introduction to Trigonometry

• Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence (well defined)

• Motivate the ratios which are defined at 0° and 90°. Values of the trigonometric ratios of 30°, 45° and 60°.

• Relationships between the ratios.

2. Trigonometric Identities

• Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1.

• Only simple identities to be given.

3. Heights and Distances: Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression

Simple problems on heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation/depression should be only 30°, 45°, and 60°.

VI. Mensuration

1. Areas related to Circles

• Area of sectors and segments of a circle.

• Problems based on areas and perimeter /circumference of the above-said plane figures. (In calculating area of segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90° and 120° only.

2. Surface areas and volumes

Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones.

VII. Statistics and Probability

1. Statistics

Mean, median and mode of grouped data (bimodal situation to be avoided)

2. Probability

• Classical definition of probability.

• Simple problems on finding the probability of an event.

Unit I

Number Systems

06

Unit II

Algebra

20

Unit III

Coordinate Geometry

06

Unit IV

Geometry

15

Unit V

Trigonometry

12

Unit VI

Mensuration

10

Unit VII

Statistics and Probability

11

Total

80

Concept-based questions (Remembering and Understanding)

43

54

Application-based questions

19

24

Analytical, Evaluation and Creativity-based questions

18

22

Total

80

100

Typology of Questions

Total Marks

% Weightage (approx)

Concept-based questions (Remembering and Understanding)

60

75

Application-based questions

12

15

Analytical, Evaluation and Creativity-based questions

8

10

Total

80

100

Component

Marks

Pen-Paper Test and Multiple Assessment

(5+5) 10 Marks

Portfolio

05 Marks

Lab Practical (Lab activities to be done from the prescribed books)

05 Marks

Books

Publisher

Mathematics - Textbook for Class X

NCERT Publication

Guidelines for Mathematics Laboratory in Schools, Class X

CBSE Publication

Laboratory Manual - Mathematics, Secondary Stage

NCERT Publication

Mathematics exemplar problems for Class X.

NCERT publication