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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuit

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuit

Edited By Vishal kumar | Updated on Sep 13, 2023 09:18 AM IST | #CBSE Class 12th

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 – Free PDF Download

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuit - This chapter is one of the most important chapter in Class 12 Physics. Students preparing for the upcoming board examination must refer to the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuit. These NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 comprise of the solutions to the questions aksed in the NCERT books for Class 12 Physics.The Semiconductor Class 12 solutions are given in an easy-to-understand language. These NCERT Solutions will be beneficial for academics as well as competitive examinations.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuit
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuit

Semiconductor Electronics is one of the important topics that comes under the Unit Modern Physics of Class 12. Semiconductor Class 12 discuss the basics of semiconductors electronics and devices like diode, rectifiers and transistors. Students can use the following materials along with the Semiconductor NCERT solutions. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 contain solutions provided by subject matter experts, and students can use these solutions to prepare for their board exams or another competitive exam like JEE or NEET.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics : Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

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NCERT Solutions for class 12 physics chapter 14 semiconductor electronics materials devices and simple circuits: Exercise Solution

Q. 14.1 In an n-type silicon, which of the following statement is true:

(a) Electrons are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.

(b) Electrons are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants.

(c) Holes are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants.

(d) Holes are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.

Answer:

An N-type semiconductor has electron as majority carriers and holes as minority carriers. It is formed when we dope pentavalent impurity in Silicon atom. Some pentavalent dopants are phosphorus, arsenic, and bismuth.

Hence the correct option is C.

Q. 14.2 Which of the statements given in Exercise 14.1 is true for p-type semiconductors.

(a) Electrons are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.

(b) Electrons are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants.

(c) Holes are minority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants.

(d) Holes are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants

Answer:

In a p-type semiconductor, holes are the majority carrier and electrons are the minority carrier. It is formed when a trivalent atom-like aluminium is doped in a silicon atom. Hence correct option for p-type conductor would be (d).

Q. 14.3 Carbon, silicon and germanium have four valence electrons each. These are characterised by valence and conduction bands separated by energy bandgap respectively equal to (E_{g})_{C},(E_{g})_{Si} and (E_{g})_{Ge} . Which of the following statements is true?

(a) (E_{g})_{Si} < (E_{g})_{Ge}< (E_{g})_{C}

(b) (E_{g})_{C} < (E_{g})_{Ge}> (E_{g})_{Si}

(c) (E_{g})_{C} > (E_{g})_{Si}> (E_{g})_{Ge}

(d) (E_{g})_{C} = (E_{g})_{Si}= (E_{g})_{Ge}

Answer:

Since carbon is a non-metal, its energy band gap would be highest and energy band gap of Ge would be least as it is a metalloid.

(E_{g})_{C} > (E_{g})_{Si}> (E_{g})_{Ge}

Hence correct option would be (c)

Q14.4 In an unbiased p-n junction, holes diffuse from the p-region to n-region beca

(a) free electrons in the n-region attract them

(b) they move across the junction by the potential difference.

(c) hole concentration in p-region is more as compared to n-region.

d) All the above

Answer:

Charge flows from higher concentration to the lower concentration in a junction. In this case, holes are diffusing from the p-region to n-region and hence the concentration of hole is greater in p region.

and hence correct option would be (c)

Q. 14.5 When a forward bias is applied to a p-n junction, it

(a) raises the potential barrier

(b) reduces the majority carrier current to zero.

(c) lowers the potential barrier.

(d) none of the above.

Answer:

When a p-n junction is forward biased, the negative voltage repels the electron toward junction and give them the energy to cross the junction and combine with the hole which is also being pushed by a positive voltage. This leads to a reduction in the depletion layer which means a reduction in potential barrier across the junction.

Hence correct option would be (c)

Q. 14.6 In half-wave rectification, what is the output frequency if the input frequency is 50 \; Hz. What is the output frequency of a full-wave rectifier for the same input frequency

Answer:

As we know :

output frequency for half-wave rectifier = input frequency, and hence output frequency in half-wave rectifier will be 50Hz.

also, output frequency for full-wave rectifier = 2*(input frequency) and Hence output frequency in full-wave rectifier will be 2*50 = 100 Hz.

Q. 14.7 A p-n photodiode is fabricated from a semiconductor with bandgap of 2.8\; eV. Can it detect a wavelength of 6000 \; nm\; ?

Answer:

Given

the energy band gap of photodiode is 2.8eV.

wavelength = \lambda = 6000nm = 6000*10^{-9}

The energy of signal will be \frac{hc}{\lambda }

where c is speed of light(300000000m/s) , h is planks constant ( = 6.626 * 10^{-34}Js )

putting the corresponding value

The energy of signal = \frac{(6.626 * 10^{-34} * 3*10^8)}{6000*10^{-9}}

= 3.313*10^{-20}J

= 0.207eV (since 1.6*10^{-20}= 1eV)

The energy of the signal is 0.207eV which is less than 2.8eV ( the energy and gap of photodiode). Hence signal can not be detected by the photodiode.

NCERT Solutions for class 12 physics chapter 14 semiconductor electronics materials devices and simple circuits: Additional Exercise Solution

Q. 14.8 The number of silicon atoms per m 3 is 5\times 10^{28}. This is doped simultaneously with 5\times 10^{22}. atoms per m^{3} of Arsenic and 5\times 10^{20} per m^{3} atoms of Indium. Calculate the number of electrons and holes. Given that n_{i}=1.5\times 10^{16}\; m^{-3}. Is the material n-type or p-type ?

Answer:

Given:

number of Silicon atoms per m^{3} = 5\times 10^{28}.

number of Arsenic atoms per m^{3} = 5\times 10^{22}.

number of Indium atoms per m^{3} = 5\times 10^{20}

number of thermally generated electrons n_{i}=1.5\times 10^{16}\; m^{-3}.

Now,

Number of electrons

n_e = 5 * 10 ^{22}-1.5*10^{16} = 4.99*10^{22}(approx)

number of holes is n_h

in thermal equilibrium

n_h*n_e=n_i^2

n_h=n_i^2/n_e

n_h= (1.5*10^{16})^2/4.99*10^{22}

n_h= 4.51 * 10^9

Now, since the number of electrons is higher than number of holes, it is an n-type semiconductor.

Q. 14.9 In an intrinsic semiconductor the energy gap E_{g} is 1.2\; eV. Its hole mobility is much smaller than electron mobility and independent of temperature. What is the ratio between conductivity at 600K and that at 300K Assume that the temperature dependence of intrinsic carrier concentration n_{i} is given by

n_{i}=n_{0}\; exp\left [ -\frac{E_{g}}{2K_{B}T} \right ]

Where, n_{0} is constant.

Answer:

Energy gap of given intrinsic semiconductor = E g = 1.2eV

temperature dependence of intrinsic carrier concentration n_{i} is given by

n_{i}=n_{0}\; exp\left [ -\frac{E_{g}}{2K_{B}T} \right ]

Where is constant, K_B is Boltzmann constant = 8.862 * 10^{-5}eV/K ,

T is temperature

Initial temperature = T1 = 300K

the intrinsic carrier concentration at this temperature :

n_{i1} = n_0exp[\frac{-E_g}{2K_B*300}]

Final temperature = T2 = 600K

the intrinsic carrier concentration at this temperature :

n_{i2} = n_0exp[\frac{-E_g}{2K_B*600}]

the ratio between the conductivities at 300K and at 600K is equal to the ratio of their intrinsic carrier concentration at these temperatures

\frac{n_{i2}}{n_{i2}} = \frac{n_0exp[\frac{-E_g}{2K_B*600}]}{n_0exp[\frac{-E_g}{2K_B*300}]}

= exp\frac{E_g}{2K_B}[\frac{1}{300}-\frac{1}{600}]=exp[\frac{1.2}{2*8.62*10^{-5}}* \frac{2-1}{600}]

= exp[11.6] = 1.09 * 10^{5}

Therefore the ratio between the conductivities is 1.09 * 10^{5} .

Q. 14.10 (a) In a p-n junction diode, the current I can be expressed as

I=I_{0}\; [exp \frac{eV}{K_{B}T}-1 ]

where I_{0} is called the reverse saturation current, V is the voltage across the diode and is positive for forward bias and negative for reverse bias, and I is the current through the diode, k_{B} is the Boltzmann constant (8.6\times 10^{-5}eV/K) and T is the absolute temperature. If for a given diode I_{0}=5\times 10^{-12}A and T=300\; K, then

(a) What will be the forward current at a forward voltage of 0.6\; V\; ?

Answer:

As we have

I=I_{0}\; [exp \frac{eV}{K_{B}T}-1 ]

Here, I_{0}=5\times 10^{-12}A , T=300\; K, and , k_{B} = Boltzmann constant = (8.6\times 10^{-5}eV/K) =(1.376*10^{-23}J/K)

When the forward voltage is 0.6V:

I=5*10^{-12}\;[ exp \frac{1.6*10^{-19}*0.6}{1.376*10^{-23}*300}-1 ]=0.0625A

Hence forward current is 0.0625A

Q.14.10 (b) In a p-n junction diode, the current I can be expressed as

I=I_{0}\; [exp \frac{eV}{K_{B}T}-1 ]

where I0 is called the reverse saturation current, V is the voltage across the diode and is positive for forward bias and negative for reverse bias, and I is the current through the diode, k_{B} is the Boltzmann constant (8.6\times 10^{-5}\; eV/K) and T is the absolute temperature. If for a given diode I_{0}=5\times 10^{12}A and T=300\; K, then

(b) What will be the increase in the current if the voltage across the diode is increased to 0.7 \; V?

Answer:

As we have

I=I_{0}\; [exp \frac{eV}{K_{B}T}-1 ]

Here, I_{0}=5\times 10^{-12}A , T=300\; K, and , k_{B} = Boltzmann constant = (8.6\times 10^{-5}eV/K) =(1.376*10^{-23}J/K)

When the forward voltage is 0.7V:

I=5*10^{-12}\;[ exp \frac{1.6*10^{-19}*0.7}{1.376*10^{-23}*300}-1 ]=3.029A

When the forward voltage is 0.6V:

I=5*10^{-12}\;[ exp \frac{1.6*10^{-19}*0.6}{1.376*10^{-23}*300}-1 ]=0.0625A

Hence the increase in the forward current is

I(whenv=0.7) - I(whenv=.6) = 3.029- 0.0625 = 2.967A

Q. 14.10 (c) In a p-n junction diode, the current I can be expressed as

I=I_{0}\; [exp \frac{eV}{K_{B}T}-1 ]

where I_{0} is called the reverse saturation current, V is the voltage across the diode and is positive for forward bias and negative for reverse bias, and I is the current through the diode, k_{B} is the Boltzmann constant (8.6\times 10^{-10}\; eV/K) and T is the absolute temperature. If for a given diode I_{0}=5\times 10^{-12}A and T=300\; K, then

(c) What is the dynamic resistance?

Answer:

Dynamic Resistance = \frac{voltage-change}{ current-change}

Resistance change = 0.7 - 0.6 = 0.1

Current change = 2.967(calculated in prev question)

Therefore

, Dynamic Resistance = \frac{0.1}{2.967} = 0.0337\Omega

Q.14.10 (d) In a p-n junction diode, the current I can be expressed as

I=I_{0}\; [exp \frac{eV}{K_{B}T}-1 ]

where I_{0} is called the reverse saturation current, V is the voltage across the diode and is positive for forward bias and negative for reverse bias, and I is the current through the diode, k_{B} is the Boltzmann constant (8.6\times 10^{-5}V/K) and T is the absolute temperature. If for a given diode I_{0}=5\times 10^{-12}A and T=300\; K, then

(d) What will be the current if reverse bias voltage changes from 1 V to 2 V?

Answer:

As we have

I=I_{0}\; [exp \frac{eV}{K_{B}T}-1 ]

Here, I_{0}=5\times 10^{-12}A , T=300\; K, and , k_{B} = Boltzmann constant = (8.6\times 10^{-5}eV/K) =(1.376*10^{-23}J/K)

When reverse voltage is 1V, V= -1

I=5*10^{-12}\;[ exp \frac{1.6*10^{-19}*(-1)}{1.376*10^{-23}*300}-1 ]\approx5\times10^{-12}

When the reverse voltage is -2V:

I=5*10^{-12}\;[ exp \frac{1.6*10^{-19}*(-2)}{1.376*10^{-23}*300}-1 ]\approx5\times10^{-12}

In both case current is very small and approximately equal to the reverse saturation current, hence their difference is negligible which causes dynamic resistance of infinity.

Q. 14.11 (a) You are given the two circuits as shown in Fig. 14.36. Show that circuit

(a) acts as OR gate while the circuit

1645428242590

Fig. 14.36

Answer:

Here, THE Input = A and B

Output = Y

The left part of the figure acts as a NOR and right part acts as NOT Gate.

The output of NOR gate = \overline{A+B}

the output of the NOR gate would be the input of NOT Gate and hence

Y = \over\overline{A+B} = \overline\overline{A+B}

Hence the figure functions like an OR Gate.

or compare the truth table by giving different input and observing the output


INPUTS

OUTPUT
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

Q. 14.11 (b) You are given the two circuits as shown in Fig. 14.36. Show that circuit

(b) acts as AND gate.

1645428384709

Answer:

The output of NOT gate ( left part of the circuit) is the input of the NOR gate

Hence the output of total circuit Y = \over(\overline A + \overline B)

= \overline{\overline A}.\overline{\overline B} \overline{A+B}=\overline A. \overline B

= A*B

Hence the circuit functions as AND gate.

or give the inputs 00,01,10,11 and observe the truth table


INPUTS

OUTPUT
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

The truth table is the same as that of AND gate

Q. 14.12 Write the truth table for a NAND gate connected as given in Fig. 14.37

1645428401276

Hence identify the exact logic operation carried out by this circuit.

Answer:

Here A is both input of the NAND gate and hence Output Y will be

Y = \overline {A*A}

Y = \overline {A} + \overline A

Y = \overline {A}

Hence circuit functions as a NOT gate.

The truth table for the given figure:

Input Output
A Y
0 1
1 0

Q 14.13 You are given two circuits as shown in Fig. 14.38, which consist of NAND gates. Identify the logic operation carried out by the two circuits.

1645428416591

Answer:

a)

A and B are inputs of a NAND gate and output of this gate is the input of another NAND gate so,

Y = \over(\overline {A.B})(\overline {A.B})

Y= \over(\overline {A.B}) + \over(\overline {A.B})

Y= AB

Hence this circuit functions as AND gate.

b)

A is input to the NAND gate output of whose goes to the rightmost NAND gate. Also, B is input to the NAND gate whose output goes to the rightmost NAND gate.

Y = \over \overline A .\overline B

Y = \over\overline A . + \over\overline B.

Y = A + B

Hence the circuit functions as an OR gate .

Alternative method

fig. a

construct the truth table by giving various input and observe the output

INPUT INTERMEDIATE OUTPUT OUTPUT
00 1 0
01 1 0
10 1 0
11 0 1

The above truth table is the same as that of an AND gate

fig. b

INPUTS OUTPUT
00 0
01 1
10 1
11 1

The above truth table is the same as that of an OR gate

Q. 14.14 Write the truth table for the circuit given in Fig. 14.39 below consisting of NOR gates and identify the logic operation (OR, AND, NOT) which this circuit is performing.

14ncrt

(Hint: A=0,B=1 then A and B inputs of second NOR gate will be 0 and hence Y=1. Similarly work out the values of Y for other combinations of A and B. Compare with the truth table of OR, AND, NOT gates and find the correct one.)

Answer:

A and B are the input od a NOR gate and Output of this NOR gate is the Input of Another NOR gate whose Output is Y. Hence,

Y = \over(\overline{A+B} + \overline{A+B})

Y = \over\overline {A+B} . \over\overline {A+B}

Y = A + B

Hence Circuit behaves as OR gate.

Truth table

INPUTS OUTPUT
00 0
01 1
10 1
11 1

Q. 14.15 Write the truth table for the circuits given in Fig. 14.40 consisting of NOR gates only. Identify the logic operations (OR, AND, NOT) performed by the two circuits.

1645428438468

Figure 14.40

Answer:

a)

A is the two input of the NOR gate and Hence Output Y is:

Y = \overline {A+A}

Y = \overline {A}

Hence circuit functions as a NOT gate.

TRUTH TABLE:

INPUT OUTPUT
0 1
1 0

b) A is the two input of a NOR gate whose output(which is \overline {A} ) is the one input of another NOR gate. B is the two input of NOR gate whose output (which is \overline {B} ) is the input of another NOR gate. Hence,

Y = \over\overline {A} + \overline {B}

Y = \over\overline {A} . \over\overline {B}

Y = A.B

Hence it functions as AND gate.

TRUTH TABLE:

INPUTS OUTPUT
00 0
01 0
10 0
11 1

Semiconductors ncert solutions holds significant importance for students preparing for board exams, as well as competitive ones like JEE and NEET. Its relevance lies in the practical applications of semiconductor devices in modern technology. Scoring in this ncert solutions class 12 physics chapter 14 can be relatively manageable, provided students have a solid grasp of semiconductor concepts. Therefore, mastering this chapter not only ensures success in board exams but also aids in tackling competitive exams with confidence, making it a valuable part of the syllabus.

NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter-wise

Semiconductor Class 12 NCERT Solutions: Important Formulas and Diagrams

  • Intrinsic Semiconductors: ne=ni=nn

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Where:

ne represents the free electron density in the conduction band of a semiconductor, ni stands for the intrinsic carrier concentration and nn represents the hole density in the valence band of a semiconductor.

  • Extrinsic Semiconductors:

JEE Main Important Mathematics Formulas

As per latest 2024 syllabus. Maths formulas, equations, & theorems of class 11 & 12th chapters

JEE Main Important Physics formulas

As per latest 2024 syllabus. Physics formulas, equations, & laws of class 11 & 12th chapters

N-type: ne≅ Nd>nn

P- type: nn ≅ Nd>ne

Where: Nd is the number density

  • Mobility

=Vd/E

Where: Vd = the drift velocity and E is the electric field

  • Action of Transistor

IE=IC+IB

Where:

IE is the emitter current, IC is the collector current and IB is the base current

Important Topic Covered In Semiconductor Class 12

Some of the important topic of ncert solutions of chapter 14 physics class 12 are listed below:

  • Basics of Semiconductors and Valance Band Theory
  • Types of Semiconductors
  • Diode and its Chara
  • Rectifiers, Photo Diodes, LED and Solar Cell
  • Logic Gates

Significance of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuit

  • As far as the CBSE board exam is considered you can expect more theoretical questions from Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 NCERT solutions.

  • With the help of NCERT solutions for class 12 physics chapter 14 semiconductor electronics materials devices and simple circuits, you can prepare well and it is easy to score in this chapter.

  • NCERT Solutions for class 12 help in preparations of exams like NEET and JEE Mains. For NEET exams one or two questions and for JEE Mains one question is expected from this chapter

How to use NCERT class 12 physics chapter 14 semiconductor electronics materials devices and simple circuits:

  • Go through the NCERT Syllabus for Class 12 Physics first. Therein, check all the important topics and subtopics.

  • Try to solve all the questions by your own first. Afterwards check the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuit.

  • Along with the NCERT solutions, also practice from the CBSE previous year question papers and sample papers to score well in the examination.

  • NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 14 PDF Download will also be available soon.

Key features of NCERT Solutions Class 12 Physics Chapter 14

  1. Comprehensive Coverage: These semiconductors ncert solutions encompass all the topics and questions found in Chapter 14, ensuring a thorough understanding of semiconductors and electronic devices.

  2. Detailed Explanations: Each solution offers comprehensive, step-by-step explanations, making complex semiconductor concepts accessible to students.

  3. Clarity and Simplicity: The chapter 14 physics class 12 ncert solutions pdf are presented in clear and straightforward language, ensuring ease of understanding.

  4. Practice Questions: Exercise questions are included for practice and self-assessment, enhancing students' problem-solving skills.

  5. Exam Preparation: These ncert solutions class 12 physics chapter 14 are essential for board exam preparation and provide valuable support for competitive exams.

  6. Real-Life Applications: Concepts covered in this semiconductor class 12 ncert solutions have practical applications in the world of electronics and technology, enhancing students' real-world knowledge.

  7. Free Access: These ncert solutions of chapter 14 physics class 12 are available for free, ensuring accessibility to all students.

Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:

NCERT solutions subject wise

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

1. How many questions are asked for JEE main from the chapter semiconductor electronics?

1 or maximum 2 questions can be expected for JEE Main from NCERT chapter Semiconductor electronics. The questions may be from any topics of either analog electronics or digital electronics(Logic Gates). Cover the topics from JEE Main syllabus to get good score. Students should practice enough questions to crack an exam like JEE Main or NEET. To pratice students can refer to NCERT questions, NCERT Exemplar questions and JEE Main previous year papers.

2. What is the weightage of class 12 chapter semiconductor electronics materials devices and simple circuits for NEET exam?

Two or three questions can be expected from the chapter. Questions from both analogue and digital electronics part can be expected.

3. Is the chapter semiconductor devices useful for higher studies?

Yes, this chapter is the basics for higher studies in electronics-related branches and for VLSI and Nano Technology.

4. What types of questions are asked from the NCERT chapter semiconductor electronics materials devices and simple circuits for board exams?

Mostly theoretical questions are asked from the chapter semiconductor electronics for board exams. These covers mainly the analog electronics part that has topics like diode and its working, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, how pn junction is formed, concepts of rectifiers, photo diodes, leds and solar cells etc.

5. Explain intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors according to the semiconductors class 12 ncert solutions?

According to semiconductor electronics class 12 Intrinsic semiconductors are pure semiconductors such as pure silicon or germanium, with a small number of free electrons and holes, and low electrical conductivity. Extrinsic semiconductors are doped with impurities, increasing the number of free electrons or holes, which increases its electrical conductivity. Extrinsic semiconductors are further divided into p-type and n-type, depending on the type of impurity added.

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Questions related to CBSE Class 12th

Have a question related to CBSE Class 12th ?

hello,

Yes you can appear for the compartment paper again since CBSE gives three chances to a candidate to clear his/her exams so you still have two more attempts. However, you can appear for your improvement paper for all subjects but you cannot appear for the ones in which you have failed.

I hope this was helpful!

Good Luck

Hello dear,

If you was not able to clear 1st compartment and now you giving second compartment so YES, you can go for your improvement exam next year but if a student receives an improvement, they are given the opportunity to retake the boards as a private candidate the following year, but there are some requirements. First, the student must pass all of their subjects; if they received a compartment in any subject, they must then pass the compartment exam before being eligible for the improvement.


As you can registered yourself as private candidate for giving your improvement exam of 12 standard CBSE(Central Board of Secondary Education).For that you have to wait for a whole year which is bit difficult for you.


Positive side of waiting for whole year is you have a whole year to preparing yourself for your examination. You have no distraction or something which may causes your failure in the exams. In whole year you have to stay focused on your 12 standard examination for doing well in it. By this you get a highest marks as a comparison of others.


Believe in Yourself! You can make anything happen


All the very best.

Hello Student,

I appreciate your Interest in education. See the improvement is not restricted to one subject or multiple subjects  and  we cannot say if improvement in one subject in one year leads to improvement in more subjects in coming year.

You just need to have a revision of all subjects what you have completed in the school. have a revision and practice of subjects and concepts helps you better.

All the best.

If you'll do hard work then by hard work of 6 months you can achieve your goal but you have to start studying for it dont waste your time its a very important year so please dont waste it otherwise you'll regret.

Yes, you can take admission in class 12th privately there are many colleges in which you can give 12th privately.

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A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

Option 2)

0.16\; J

Option 3)

1.00\; J

Option 4)

0.67\; J

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg

Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

Option 4)

12.89×10−3 kg

 

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1)

2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

Option 2)

200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

Option 3)

2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

Option 4)

20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

Option 2)

\; K\;

Option 3)

zero\;

Option 4)

K/4

In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

Option 2)

6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

Option 3)

33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

Option 4)

67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1)

0.02

Option 2)

3.125 × 10-2

Option 3)

1.25 × 10-2

Option 4)

2.5 × 10-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

Option 2)

increase two fold

Option 3)

remain unchanged

Option 4)

be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1)

Molality

Option 2)

Weight fraction of solute

Option 3)

Fraction of solute present in water

Option 4)

Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

Option 1)

twice that in 60 g carbon

Option 2)

6.023 × 1022

Option 3)

half that in 8 g He

Option 4)

558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

Option 2)

more than 3 but less than 6

Option 3)

more than 6 but less than 9

Option 4)

more than 9

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

4 Jobs Available
Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

4 Jobs Available
Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

3 Jobs Available
Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

3 Jobs Available
Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

3 Jobs Available
Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

3 Jobs Available
Geotechnical engineer

The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction. 

The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions. 

3 Jobs Available
Cartographer

How fascinating it is to represent the whole world on just a piece of paper or a sphere. With the help of maps, we are able to represent the real world on a much smaller scale. Individuals who opt for a career as a cartographer are those who make maps. But, cartography is not just limited to maps, it is about a mixture of art, science, and technology. As a cartographer, not only you will create maps but use various geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems to measure, analyse, and create different maps for political, cultural or educational purposes.

3 Jobs Available
Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

4 Jobs Available
Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

3 Jobs Available
Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

3 Jobs Available
Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

3 Jobs Available
Finance Executive
3 Jobs Available
Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

3 Jobs Available
Investment Director

An investment director is a person who helps corporations and individuals manage their finances. They can help them develop a strategy to achieve their goals, including paying off debts and investing in the future. In addition, he or she can help individuals make informed decisions.

2 Jobs Available
Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

5 Jobs Available
Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

3 Jobs Available
Plumber

An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

2 Jobs Available
Construction Manager

Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.

2 Jobs Available
Urban Planner

Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities. 

Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.

2 Jobs Available
Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

2 Jobs Available
Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

2 Jobs Available
Naval Architect

A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability. 

2 Jobs Available
Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

6 Jobs Available
Veterinary Doctor
5 Jobs Available
Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

5 Jobs Available
Speech Therapist
4 Jobs Available
Gynaecologist

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

4 Jobs Available
Oncologist

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

3 Jobs Available
Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

3 Jobs Available
Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

2 Jobs Available
Actor

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

4 Jobs Available
Acrobat

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

3 Jobs Available
Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

3 Jobs Available
Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

3 Jobs Available
Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

2 Jobs Available
Videographer
2 Jobs Available
Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

2 Jobs Available
Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

2 Jobs Available
Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

5 Jobs Available
Journalist

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

3 Jobs Available
Publisher

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

3 Jobs Available
Vlogger

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

3 Jobs Available
Editor

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

3 Jobs Available
Linguist

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French, German, Italian

2 Jobs Available
Public Relation Executive
2 Jobs Available
Travel Journalist

The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

2 Jobs Available
Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

5 Jobs Available
QA Manager
4 Jobs Available
Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

3 Jobs Available
Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

3 Jobs Available
Production Manager
3 Jobs Available
Merchandiser
2 Jobs Available
QA Lead

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

2 Jobs Available
Metallurgical Engineer

A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment. 

2 Jobs Available
Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

4 Jobs Available
AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

4 Jobs Available
QA Manager
4 Jobs Available
Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

3 Jobs Available
ITSM Manager
3 Jobs Available
Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

3 Jobs Available
Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

3 Jobs Available
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