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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices and Simple Circuits

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices and Simple Circuits

Edited By Safeer PP | Updated on Sep 14, 2022 01:33 PM IST | #CBSE Class 12th
Upcoming Event
CBSE Class 12th  Exam Date : 15 Feb' 2025 - 15 Feb' 2025

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics solutions chapter 14 dives deep into the heart of microprocessors and transistors, something we cannot survive a day without. Class 12 Physics NCERT Exemplar solutions chapter 14 explores Semiconductors as devices whose properties lie between an insulator and a conductor. It possesses eccentric electrical properties and is mounted inside many electronics appliances that support our everyday lives. NCERT Exemplar solutions For Class 12 Physics chapter 14 provided here would help a student achieve academic success in both 12 boards and competitive exams. They would also help to understand and practice the concepts both theoretically and practically. Students can use NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics solutions chapter 14 PDF download to understand the best way to approach a problem.

This Story also Contains
  1. Main Subtopics of NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits
  2. What will the students learn NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits?
  3. NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Chapter Wise Links
  4. Important Topics To Cover For Exams From NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 14

Also see - NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Other Subjects

Question:1

The conductivity of a semiconductor increases with increase in temperature because
A. number density of free current carriers increases.
B. relaxation time increases.
C. both number density of carriers and relaxation time increase.
D. number density of current carriers increases, relaxation time decreases but effect of decrease in relaxation time is much less than increase in number density.

Answer:

The answer is the option (d)
The number density of current carriers increases, relaxation time decreases but the effect of the decrease in relaxation time is much less than the increase in number density.

Question:2

In Fig. 14.1, Vo is the potential barrier across a p-n junction, when no battery is connected across the junction
q-2
A. 1 and 3 both correspond to forward bias of junction
B. 3 corresponds to forward bias of junction and 1 corresponds to reverse bias of junction
C. 1 corresponds to forward bias and 3 corresponds to reverse bias of junction.
D. 3 and 1 both correspond to reverse bias of junction.

Answer:

Answer: The answer is the option (b)
The height of a potential barrier increases when p-n junction is biased forward, and it opposes the potential barrier junction. But if p-n is reversed biased, the potential barrier junction is supported, which results in an increase in the potential barrier.

Question:3

In Fig. 14.2, assuming the diodes to be ideal,
a-3
A. D1 is forward biased and D2 is reverse biased and hence current flows from A to B
B. D2 is forward biased and D1 is reverse biased and hence no current flows from B to A and vice versa.
C. D1and D2 are both forward biased and hence current flows from A to B.
D. D1 and D2 are both reverse biased and hence no current flows from A to B and vice versa.

Answer:

The answer is the option (b)
D2 is forward biased and D1 is reverse biased and hence no current flows from B to A and vice versa.

Question:4

A 220 V A.C. supply is connected between points A and B (Fig. 14.3). What will be the potential difference V across the resistor?

tgrtgttg
A. 220V
B. 110V
C. 0V
D. 220 \sqrt{2}V

Answer:

As p-n junction diode will conduct during positive half cycle only during the negative half cycle diode is reverse biases. during this diode will not give any output so potential difference across capacitor C-peak voltage of the given AC voltage

V_{0}=V_{nms}\sqrt{2}=220 \sqrt{2}V

Question:5

Hole is
A. an anti-particle of electron.
B. a vacancy created when an electron leaves a covalent bond.
C. absence of free electrons.
D. an artificially created particle.

Answer:

The answer is the option (b)
The hole is a vacancy created when an electron leaves a covalent bond.

Question:6

The output of the given circuit in Fig. 14.4.

q-6
A. would be zero at all times.
B. would be like a half wave rectifier with positive cycles in output.
C. would be like a half wave rectifier with negative cycles in output.
D. would be like that of a full wave rectifier.

Answer:

The answer is the option (c)

would be like a half wave rectifier with negative cycles in outpu

Question:7

In the circuit shown in Fig. 14.5, if the diode forward voltage drop is 0.3 V, the voltage difference between A and B is

q-7
A. 1.3 V
B. 2.3 V
C. 0
D. 0.5 V

Answer:

The answer is the option (b)
Let us consider the fig (b)given above in the problem suppose the potential difference between A and B is VAB
Then,
\\V_{AB}-0.3= [ ( r_{1} +r_{2}) 10^{3} ]\times ( 0.2 \times 10^{-3} ) [ \ because\ V_{AB}=ir ]\\ = [( 5+5 ) 10^{3}]\times ( 0.2 \times 10^{-3} )\\ =10\times 10^{3}\times 0.2\times 10^{-3}-2\\ \Rightarrow V_{AB}=2+0.3=2.3V


Question:8

Truth table for the given circuit (Fig. 14.6) is
fgttggt4
A.

A
B
C
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0

B.
A
B
C
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
C.
A
B
C
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
D.
A
B
C
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0

Answer:

The answer is the option (c)
(c) In this problem the input C of OR get and when which is an output of AND gate . So, "C equals A AND B" or C=A.B and "D equals NOT A AND B" or D=\bar{A}.B
and "E equals C AND D "or E=C+D=(A.B)+(A.B) Now we can generate the truth table of this arrangement of gates can be given bt
A
B
\bar{A}
C=A.B
d=\bar{A}.B
E=(C+D)
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1

Question:9

When an electric field is applied across a semiconductor
A. electrons move from lower energy level to higher energy level in the conduction band.
B. electrons move from higher energy level to lower energy level in the conduction band.
C. holes in the valence band move from higher energy level to lower energy level.
D. holes in the valence band move from lower energy level to higher energy level.

Answer:

The answer is the option (a, c)
The electrons in the valence band are not able to gain energy from the external electric field. While the electrons in the conduction band can gain energy from the external field. In semiconductors, when an electric field is applied, the electrons in the conduction band are accelerated and gain energy. The movement is from lower energy level to higher energy level. The movement of holes in the valence band is from higher energy level to lower energy level. Here they will have more energy

Question:10

Consider an npn transistor with its base-emitter junction forward biased and collector base junction reverse biased. Which of the following statements are true?.
A. Electrons crossover from emitter to collector.
B. Holes move from base to collector.
C. Electrons move from emitter to base.
D. Electrons from emitter move out of base without going to the collector.

Answer:

The answer is the option (a, c)
Key Concept: Transistor
A junction transistor is formed by sandwiching a them layer of P- type swmiconductor between two N-type semiconductors or by sandwiching a thin layer of N-type semiconductor between two P-type semiconductors
q-101
E- Emitter(emits majority charge carriers)
C- Collects majority charge carriers
B- Base (provide proper interaction between E and C)
q-102

Question:11

Figure 14.7 shows the transfer characteristics of a base biased CE transistor. Which of the following statements are true?

q-11
A. At Vi = 0.4V, transistor is in active state.
B. At Vi = 1V, it can be used as an amplifier.
C. At Vi = 0.5V, it can be used as a switch turned off.
D. At Vi = 2.5V, it can be used as a switch turned on.

Answer:

The answer is the option (b, c, d)
According to the graph, the transfer characteristics of base biased common emitter transistor are followed by in the following options.

Question:12

In a npn transistor circuit, the collector current is 10mA. If 95 per cent of the electrons emitted reach the collector, which of the following statements are true?
A. The emitter current will be 8 mA.
B. The emitter current will be 10.53 mA.
C. The base current will be 0.53 mA.
D. The base current will be 2 mA.

Answer:

The answer is the option (b, c)
It is given here that; the collector current is 95% of the electrons reaching the collector after the emission. And Ic = 10 mA
I_{E}=emiter\: \: current\\ Also, I_{C}=\frac{95}{100}I_{E}\\ \Rightarrow I_{E}=\frac{10 \times 100}{95}=10.53mA\\ Also,I_{B}=I_{E}-I_{C}=10.53-10=0.53mA

Question:13

In the depletion region of a diode
A. there are no mobile charges
B. equal number of holes and electrons exist, making the region neutral.
C. recombination of holes and electrons has taken place.
D. immobile charged ions exist.

Answer:

The answer is the option (a, b, d)
The concentration of charge carriers in N-region and P-region is different. Therefore, due to diffusion, the neutrality of both p-type and n-type semiconductor is disturbed. Hence, a layer of negatively charged ions appears at the p junction while positive ions at a junction in N-crystal.
The thickness of layer (depletion) is 1 micron = 10-6 m.
Width of depletion layer ∞ 1/Dopping
And the depletion layer is directly proportional to the temperature.
a-13

Question:14

What happens during regulation action of a Zener diode?
A. The current in and voltage across the Zenor remains fixed.
B. The current through the series Resistance (Rs) changes.
C. The Zener resistance is constant.
D. The resistance offered by the Zener changes.

Answer:

The answer is the option (b,d)
In forward biased mode, the zener diode act as a voltage regulator and used as an ordinary diode.
a-14
The zener diode in the reverse biased mode it offers constant voltage drop across the terminals as the unregulated voltage is applied. And during the regulation action of the zener diode, the current across the series resistance Rs is changed, therefore, resistance offered by the zener diode also changes. The current in the zener diode changes, but the voltage remains the same and constant.

Question:15

To reduce the ripples in a rectifier circuit with capacitor filter
A. RL should be increased.
B. input frequency should be decreased.
C. input frequency should be increased.
D. capacitors with high capacitance should be used.

Answer:

The answer is the option (a, c, d)
Ripple factor is defined as the ratio of r.m.s. value of the ripple to the absolute value of the direct current voltage of the output voltage. It is usually denoted in percentage. The ripple voltage is also expressed as peak to peak value. The ripple factor of a full-wave rectifier for a capacitor filter is given by:
r=\frac{0.236R}{\omega L}
Where L is inductance of the coil and \omega is the angular frequency.
or Ripple factor can also be given by
r=\frac{I}{4\sqrt{3}VR_{L}C_{Y}}\\ i.e \: r\infty \frac{I}{R_{L}}\Rightarrow r\infty \frac{I}{C}.r\infty \frac{I}{V}

Question:16

The breakdown in a reverse biased p–n junction diode is more likely to occur due to
A. large velocity of the minority charge carriers if the doping concentration is small.
B. large velocity of the minority charge carriers if the doping concentration is large.
C. strong electric field in a depletion region if the doping concentration is small.
D. strong electric field in the depletion region if the doping concentration is large.

Answer:

The answer is the option (a, d)
Reverse biasing is when the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the N-crystal and negative terminal is of the battery is connected to P-crystal.
a-16
In reverse biasing, ionization takes place because the minority charge carriers get accelerated due to reverse biasing. They strike with the electrons which in turn increase the number of charge carriers. And when the doping region is large, there will be a large number of ions in the depletion region. This will give rise to a strong electric field.

Question:17

Why are elemental dopants for Silicon or Germanium usually chosen from group XIII or group XV?

Answer:

Silicon and germanium are chosen as a dopants because their size is compatible with the gaps in semiconductors. And they even are capable of forming covalent bonds.

Question:18

Sn, C, and Si, Ge are all group XIV elements. Yet, Sn is a conductor, C is an insulator while Si and Ge are semiconductors. Why?

Answer:

Sn is a conductor as it has an energy gap of 0 EV while C has an energy gap of 5.4 eV therefore, it is an insulator. Si and Ge have an energy gap of 1.1 eV and 0.7 eV, which makes them a semiconductor. The gaps in energy are related to their individual atomic size, which is responsible for making one insulator, conductor and semiconductor.

Question:19

Can the potential barrier across a p-n junction be measured by simply connecting a voltmeter across the junction?

Answer:

We cannot measure the potential barrier of a PN-junction by connecting a sensitive voltmeter across its terminals because in the depletion region, there are no free electrons and holes and in the absence of forward biasing, PN- junction offers infinite resistance.

Question:20

Draw the output waveform across the resistor (Fig.14.8).
q-20

Answer:

The diode act as a half wave rectifier, it offers low resistance when forward biased and high resistance when reverse biased.
ergg

Question:21

The amplifiers X, Y and Z are connected in series. If the voltage gains of X, Y and Z are 10, 20 and 30, respectively and the input signal is 1 mV peak value, then what is the output signal voltage (peak value)

(i) if dc supply voltage is 10V?
(ii) if dc supply voltage is 5V?

Answer:

The ratio of output signal voltage to the input signal voltage is known as the total voltage amplification.
According to the problem, voltage gain in X, Vx =10
Voltage gain un Y; Vy=20
Voltage gain un Z; VZ=30
\triangle V_{i}=l m V=10^{-3}V
And total voltage amplification=
V_{x}\times V_{y}\times V_{z}
\triangle V_{0}=V_{x}\times V_{y}\times V_{z}\times V_{i}\\ =10\times 20\times 30\times 10^{-3} V=6V
(i)If DC supply voltage is 10 V, then output is 6 V since the theoretical gain is equal to practical gain i.e output can never be greater than 6V
(ii) If DC supply voltage is 5 V i.e, Vcc=5V. Then the output peak will not exceed 5V. hence V0=5V.

Question:22

In a CE transistor amplifier there is a current and voltage gain associated with the circuit. In other words there is a power gain. Considering power a measure of energy, does the circuit violate conservation of energy?

Answer:

(i) dc \: current\: gain: \beta_{dc}=\frac{i_{c}}{i_{b}}
(ii) Voltage \: gain \: A_{v}=\frac{\triangle V_{0}}{\triangle V_{i}}=\beta _{ac}\times Resistance \: gain
(iii) Power \: gain \: =\frac{\triangle P_{0}}{\triangle P_{i}}=\beta^{2} _{ac}\times Resistance \: gain
In CE transistor amplifier, the power gain is extremely high. Here, the extra power required for the amplification is gained from DC source. Therefore, the circuit does not violate the law of conservation.

Question:23

(a)
q-23a
(b)
q-23b
(i) Name the type of a diode whose characteristics are shown in Fig. 14.9 (A) and Fig. 14.9(B).

Answer:

i) Figure a) it represents the characteristics of Zener diode and figure b) represents a solar cell.
ii) Figure a) the point P represents zener breakdown voltage.
iii) Figure b) the point Q represents negative current and zero voltage.

Question:24

Three photo diodes D1, D2 and D3 are made of semiconductors having band gaps of 2.5eV, 2eV and 3eV, respectively. Which ones will be able to detect light of wavelength A^{\circ}

Answer:

a-24
According to the problem,
Wavelength of light \lambda = 6000 A^{\circ}-6000\times 10^{10}m
Energy of the light photon
E=\frac{h_{c}}{\lambda}=\frac{6.62\times10^{-34}\times3 \times 10^{8}}{6000\times10^{10}\times1.6\times10^{19}}eV=2.06eV

Question:25

If the resistance R1 is increased (Fig.14.10), how will the readings of the ammeter and voltmeter change?

q-25

Answer:

IbR1 + Vbe = Vbb

Base current = Ib = Vbb – Vbe/R1

Ib is inversely proportional to R1

Hence, if R1 is increased, then Ib gets reduced.

Question:26

Two car garages have a common gate which needs to open automatically when a car enters either of the garages or cars enter both. Devise a circuit that resembles this situation using diodes for this situation.

Answer:

Here, the OR gate is used to explain the situation:
a-26
So OR gate gives the desired output
A
B
Y=A+B
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1

Question:27

How would you set up a circuit to obtain NOT gate using a transistor?

Answer:

notgateusing-transistor

Question:28

Explain why elemental semiconductor cannot be used to make visible LEDs.

Answer:

In an elemental semiconductor, the bandgap is such that the emission is in the infrared region and not in the visible region.
\lambda=\frac{hc}{E_{g}}=\frac{1242eVnm}{E_{g}}
for Si; E_{g}=1.1eV, \lambda=\frac{1242}{1.1}=1129nm
for Ge; E_{g}=0.7eV, \lambda=\frac{1242}{0.7}=1725nm

Question:29

Write the truth table for the circuit shown in Fig.14.11. Name the gate that the circuit resembles.

q-29

Answer:

a-291
This is 'AND' Gate and its characteristics are as follows:
A
B
V0=A.B
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1

Question:30

A Zener of power rating 1 W is to be used as a voltage regulator. If zener has a breakdown of 5V and it has to regulate voltage which fluctuated between 3V and 7V, what should be the value of Rs for safe operation (Fig.14.12)?


q-30

Answer:

According to the problem Power=1 Watt
Zener breakdown voltage Vz=5V
Minimum voltage Vmin=3V
Maximum voltage Vmax=7V
We know, P=VI
So current I_{z_{max}}=\frac{P}{V_{z}}=\frac{1}{5}=0.2A
for safe operation, Rs will be equal to
R_{s}=\frac{V_{max}-V_{z}}{I_{z_{max}}}=\frac{7-5}{0.2}=\frac{2}{0.2}=10\Omega

Question:31

If each diode in Fig. 14.13 has a forward bias resistance of 25\Omega and infinite resistance in reverse bias, what will be the values of the current I1, I2, I3 and I4?

q-31

Answer:

According to the problem forward biases resistance = 25 \Omega and reverse biases resistance=\infty
As show in figure the diode in brsnch CD is in reverse biases which having infinite resistance
So current in that branch is zero i.e I_{3}=\theta
AB is parallel to EF
So effective resistance
\frac{1}{R'}=\frac{1}{R_{1}}+\frac{1}{R_{2}}=\frac{1}{150}+\frac{1}{150}=\frac{2}{150}\\\Rightarrow R'=75\Omega
Total resistance R of the circuit=R'=25=75+25=100\Omega
current
I_{1}=\frac{V}{R}=\frac{5}{100}=0.05A
According to the Kirchhoff's, current law (KCL)
I_{1}=I_{4}+I_{2}+I_{3}\: \: \: \: \: \: \: \left ( I_{3}=0 \right )\\ SoI_{1}=I_{4}+I_{2}
Here the resistances R1 and R2 is same
i.e
I_{4}=I_{2}\\ \therefore I_{1}=2I_{2}\\ \Rightarrow I_{2}=\frac{I_{1}}{2}=\frac{0.05}{2}=0.025A
And I4 =0.025A
Therefore we get I1 =0.05A,I2 =0.025A,I3 =0 and I4 =0.025A

Question:32

In the circuit shown in Fig.14.14, when the input voltage of the base resistance is 10V, Vbe is zero and Vce is also zero. Find the values of Ib, Ic and \beta

q-32

Answer:

According to the problem V1 =10V, Resistance RB=400k\Omega, VBE=0, VCE=0 and Rc=3k\Omega
Vi-VBE=RBIB
I_{B}=\frac{Voltage\: across\: R_{B}}{R_{B}}\\ =\frac{10}{400 \times 10^{3}}=25 \times 10^{-6}A=25\mu A
Voltage across RC=10V
VCC-VCE=ICRC
I_{C}=\frac{Voltage\: across\: R_{C}}{R_{C}}\\ =\frac{10}{3\times 10^{3}}=3.33 \times 10^{-3}A=3.33mA\\ \beta =\frac{I_{C}}{I_{B}}=\frac{3.33 \times 10^{-3}}{25 \times 10^{-6}}\\ =1.33 \times 10^{2}=133

Question:33

Draw the output signals C1 and C2 in the given combination of gates (Fig. 14.15).
q33

Answer:

a-331
C_{1}=\bar{A}.\bar{B}=\bar{A}+\bar{B}=\overline{A+B}
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
C1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
a-332
C_{2}=\bar{A}.\bar{B}=\bar{A}.\bar{B}=A.B
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
C2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
a-333

Question:34

Consider the circuit arrangement shown in Fig 14.16 (a) for studying input and output characteristics of n-p-n transistor in CE configuration.

q-34
Select the values of RB and RC for a transistor whose VBE = 0.7 V, so that the transistor is operating at point Q as shown in the characteristics shown in Fig. 14.16 (b).
q-341
Given that the input impedance of the transistor is very small and VCC = VBB = 16 V, also find the voltage gain and power gain of circuit making appropriate assumptions.

Answer:

According to the problem at point Q, from graph V_{BE}=0.7V,V_{CC}=V_{BB}=16V and V_{CE}=8V
I_{C}=4mA=4\times 10^{-3}A\\ I_{B}=30\mu A=30\times 10^{-6}A\\ Since\: V_{CC}=I_{C}R_{C}+V_{CE}\\ R_{C}=\frac{V_{CC}-V_{CE}}{I_{C}}=\frac{16-8}{4 \times 10^{-3}}=\frac{8 \times 1000}{4}=2k\Omega\\ Similarly, V_{BB}=I_{B}R_{B}+V_{BE}\\ R_{B}=\frac{V_{BB}-V_{BE}}{I_{B}}=\frac{16-0.7}{30 \times 10^{-6}}=510 \times 10^{3}\Omega=510k\Omega\\ Current \: gain=\beta =\frac{I_{C}}{I_{B}}=\frac{4 \times 10^{-3}}{30 \times 10^{-6}}=133.3\\ Voltage \: gain=\beta =\frac{R_{C}}{R_{B}}=\frac{133 \times 2 \times 10^{3}}{510 \times 10^{3}}=0.52\\ Power \: gain=\beta \times voltage\: gain=133 \times 0.52=69

Question:35

Assuming the ideal diode, draw the output waveform for the circuit given in Fig. 14.17. Explain the waveform.
q-35

Answer:

The waveform obtained from the circuit will be a sine wave with a little dip in the input wave.
1535axaxa1535axaxa

Question:36

Suppose a ‘n’-type wafer is created by doping Si crystal having 5 \times 10^{28} atoms/m3 with 1ppm concentration of As. On the surface 200 ppm Boron is added to create ‘P’ region in this wafer. Considering n_{i} = 1.5 \times 10^{16} m^{-3}, (i) Calculate the densities of the charge carriers in the n & p regions. (ii) Comment which charge carriers would contribute largely for the reverse saturation current when diode is reverse biased.

Answer:

n_{e}=N_{D}=10^{-6}\times 5 \times 10^{28}atoms/m^{3}\\ =5 times 10^{22}/m^{3}
Number of miniority carriers (holes) in n-type wafer is
n_{h}=\frac{n_{i}^{2}}{n_{e}}=\frac{\left ( 1.5 \times 10^{16} \right )^{2}}{5 \times 10^{22}}=0.45 \times 10^{10}/m^{3}
p-type wafer is created with number of holes, when Boron is implanted in Si crystal,
n_{h}=N_{A}=200 \times 10^{-6} \times \left ( 5 \times 10^{28} \right )=1 \times 10^{25}/m^{3}
Minority carriers (electrons) created in p-type wafer is
n_{h}=\frac{n_{i}^{2}}{n_{e}}=\frac{\left ( 1.5 \times 10^{16} \right )^{2}}{1 \times 10^{25}}=2.25 \times 10^{7}/m^{3}
(ii) The minority carrier holes of n-region wafer \left (n_{h}=0.45 \times 10^{10}/m^{3} \right ) would contribute more to the reverse saturation current than minority carrier electrons \left (n_{e}=2.25 \times 10^{7}/m^{3} \right ) of p-region wafer when p-n junction is reverse biased

Question:37

An X-OR gate has following truth table:

A
B
Y
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
It is represented by following logic relation
Y=\bar{A}.B+A.\bar{B}
Build this gate using AND, OR and NOT gates.

Answer:

XOR can be obtained by combining two NOT gates, two AND gates and one OR gate. The logic relation for the given table is as follows:
Y=\bar{A}.B+A.\bar{B}=Y_{1}+Y_{2}\\ when\: \: Y_{1}=\bar{A}.B \: \: and\: \: Y_{2}=A.\bar{B}
Y1 cna be obtained as output of AND gate I for which one input is of A through NOT gate and another input is of B. Y2 can be obtained as output of AND gate II for which one input is of A and other input id of B through NOT gate.
Now Y can be obtained as output from OR where Y1 and Y2 are inputs of OR gate
Thus the logic circuit of this relation is given below
a-37

Question:38

Consider a box with three terminals on top of it as shown in Fig.14.18 (a):

q-381
Three components namely, two germanium diodes and one resistor are connected across these three terminals in some arrangement.
A student performs an experiment in which any two of these three terminals are connected in the circuit shown in Fig. 14.18 (b).
q-382
The student obtains graphs of current-voltage characteristics for unknown combination of components between the two terminals connected in the circuit.
The graphs are
(i) when A is positive and B is negative
q-383
(ii) when A is negative and B is positive
q-384
(iii) When B is negative and C is positive
q-385
(iv) When B is positive and C is negative
q-386
(v) When A is positive and C is negative
q-387
(vi) When A is negative and C is positive
q-388
From these graphs of current – voltage characteristic shown in Fig. 14.18 (c) to (h), determine the arrangement of components between A, B and C.

Answer:

a) n-side of the PN junction is connected to the A terminals while B is connected to the top-side of PN junction.
b) the knee voltage is 0.7V.
c) C is connected to the PN junction and n-side of the junction is connected to the B terminal, and knee voltage is 0.7V.
d) This above condition explains the connection between pn-junction with I and II with the resistance.

Question:39

For the transistor circuit shown in Fig.14.19, evaluate VE, RB, RE given IC = 1 mA, VCE = 3V, VBE = 0.5 V and VCC = 12 V, \beta = 100.

q-39

Answer:

a-39
As we know the base current is very small So,
I_{C}=I_{E}\\ R_{C}=7.8 k\Omega\\ from \, th\, fig. I_{C}\left ( R_{c}+R_{E} \right )+V_{CE}=12\\ \left ( R_{E}+R_{C} \right )\times 1 \times 10^{-3}+3=12\\ \left ( R_{E}+R_{C} \right )=9 \times 10^{3}=9k\Omega\\ R_{E}=9-7.8=1.2k\Omega\\ V_{E}=I_{E}\times R_{E}\\ =1 \times 10^{-3} \times 1.2 \times 10^{3}=1.2V\\ Voltage V_{B}=V_{E}+V_{BE}=1.2+0.5=1.7V\\ Current \: I=\frac{V_{B}}{20 \times 10^{3}}=\frac{1.7}{20 \times 10^{3}}=0.085mA\\ Resistance \: R_{B}=\frac{12-1.7}{\frac{I_{C}}{\beta }+0.085}\times 10^{3}=\frac{10.3}{0.01+0.085} \: \: \: \: \: \: \left [ Given \beta =100 \right ]\\ =108 k\Omega\\

Question:40

In the circuit shown in Fig.14.20, find the value of RC.
q-40

Answer:

Let us consider the ciruit diagram to solve this problem
I_{E}=I_{C}+I_{B}\: and\: I_{C}=\beta I_{B}.........(i)\\ I_{C}R_{C}+V_{CE}+I_{E}R_{E}=V_{CC}..........(ii)\\ RI_{B}+V_{BE}+I_{E}R_{E}=V_{CC}.................(iii)\\ \because I_{E}\approx I_{C}=\beta I_{B}\\ from(iii)\\ \left ( R+\beta R_{E} \right )I_{B}=v_{CC}-V_{BE}\\ \Rightarrow I_{B}=\frac{V_{CC}-V_{BE}}{R+\beta .R_{E}}\\ =\frac{12-0.5}{80+1.2\times 100}=\frac{11.5}{200}mA\\ from(ii)\\ \left ( R_{C}+R_{E} \right )=\frac{V_{CE}-V_{BE}}{I_{C}}=\frac{V_{CC}-V_{CE}}{\beta I_{B}}\: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \: \left ( \because I_{C}=\beta I_{B} \right )
a-40

The topics and subtopics covered in this chapter are as follows:

Main Subtopics of NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits

  • Introduction
  • Classification Of Metals, Conductors, And Semiconductors
  • Intrinsic Semiconductor
  • Extrinsic Semiconductor
  • P-n Junction
  • P-n Junction formation
  • Semiconductor Diode
  • p-n junction diode under forward bias
  • p-n junction diode under reverse bias
  • Application Of Junction Diode As A Rectifier
  • Special Purpose P-n Junction Diodes
  • Zener diode
  • Optoelectronic junction devices
  • Junction Transistor
  • Transistor: structure and action
  • Basic transistor circuit configurations and transistor characteristics
  • Transistor as a device
  • Transistor as an Amplifier (CE-Configuration)
  • Feedback amplifier and transistor oscillator
  • Digital Electronics And Logic Gates
  • Logic gates
  • Integrated Circuits.
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What will the students learn NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits?

Semiconductors help in equipment control in a variety of fields, such as contributing to road safety by improving automobile efficiency, operating air conditioners, and smoothly changing temperature and in medical centres for laser treatments. In addition to this, semiconductor technology has successfully achieved efficient techniques of energy-saving, system efficiency, miniaturisation of global warming, which in turn helps to conserve the global environment and to live a safe and comfortable life. A popular semiconductor is silicon. It is an important component of the IC, which is an integrated circuit of transistors. Different types of transistors are used as fundamental working concepts behind logic gates, which in turn are used to draft and design electrical and digital circuits. The transistors in analogue circuits, which use semiconductors as a protagonist in building their structure, work as responders to a range of input and output. Some Analog circuits include amplifiers and oscillators. So Class 12 Physics solutions NCERT Exemplar chapter 14 is an important part of Class 12 curriculum

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Chapter Wise Links

Important Topics To Cover For Exams From NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 14

· The devices that use semiconductors have assembled a wide area of usage because of their reliability, compactness, accuracy, and power efficiency, with considerably cheaper costs. As individual operating components, they have found use in optical sensors, power devices, light emitters, and lasers.

· By using NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics solutions chapter 14, students will be able to demonstrate the movement of electrons and holes inside a semiconductor, study the idea of doping, the types of doping, the formation of diodes and their applications, and the setting up of LEDs' in a circuit.

· Through NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics chapter 14 solutions, we would learn about the materials used as semiconductors, common types of semiconductors used in a wide array of fields, their working principles, junction formats, transistors, and a variety of digital applications of the same.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the topics covered in Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices, and Simple Circuits?

  This chapter covers everything related to semiconductors like types, properties, junction transistors, diodes, logic gates, etc.

2. What is the weightage of the chapter in NEET exam?

In NEET exam 2 to 3 questions are asked every year from the chapter Semiconductor Electronics. Mostly questions from both analog and digital electronics are included.

3. Whether the NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 14 is useful for exam.

Students can get a better understanding of the concepts discussed in the chapter using NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 12 Physics Chapter 14, which in turn will be helpful for exams

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quartely question paper for mathematics cbse

Hello there! Thanks for reaching out to us at Careers360.

Ah, you're looking for CBSE quarterly question papers for mathematics, right? Those can be super helpful for exam prep.

Unfortunately, CBSE doesn't officially release quarterly papers - they mainly put out sample papers and previous years' board exam papers. But don't worry, there are still some good options to help you practice!

Have you checked out the CBSE sample papers on their official website? Those are usually pretty close to the actual exam format. You could also look into previous years' board exam papers - they're great for getting a feel for the types of questions that might come up.

If you're after more practice material, some textbook publishers release their own mock papers which can be useful too.

Let me know if you need any other tips for your math prep. Good luck with your studies!

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Jefferson 25 September,2024
i have taken admission in clg after my campartment exam in chemistry along with the neet 2025 preperation but unfortunately i again got campartment after doing all this preparation i got 15 marks only now I can't able to think what should I do next.

It's understandable to feel disheartened after facing a compartment exam, especially when you've invested significant effort. However, it's important to remember that setbacks are a part of life, and they can be opportunities for growth.

Possible steps:

  1. Re-evaluate Your Study Strategies:

    • Identify Weak Areas: Pinpoint the specific topics or concepts that caused difficulties.
    • Seek Clarification: Reach out to teachers, tutors, or online resources for additional explanations.
    • Practice Regularly: Consistent practice is key to mastering chemistry.

  2. Consider Professional Help:

    • Tutoring: A tutor can provide personalized guidance and support.
    • Counseling: If you're feeling overwhelmed or unsure about your path, counseling can help.

  3. Explore Alternative Options:

    • Retake the Exam: If you're confident in your ability to improve, consider retaking the chemistry compartment exam.
    • Change Course: If you're not interested in pursuing chemistry further, explore other academic options that align with your interests.

  4. Focus on NEET 2025 Preparation:

    • Stay Dedicated: Continue your NEET preparation with renewed determination.
    • Utilize Resources: Make use of study materials, online courses, and mock tests.

  5. Seek Support:

    • Talk to Friends and Family: Sharing your feelings can provide comfort and encouragement.
    • Join Study Groups: Collaborating with peers can create a supportive learning environment.

Remember: This is a temporary setback. With the right approach and perseverance, you can overcome this challenge and achieve your goals.

I hope this information helps you.







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Kanishka kaushikii 17 September,2024
i scored 84 percent in cbse 2 years ago.Am i eligible for medhavi scholarship if give 12th again after 2 drop years and will got 75+ in mpboard

Hi,

Qualifications:
Age: As of the last registration date, you must be between the ages of 16 and 40.
Qualification: You must have graduated from an accredited board or at least passed the tenth grade. Higher qualifications are also accepted, such as a diploma, postgraduate degree, graduation, or 11th or 12th grade.
How to Apply:
Get the Medhavi app by visiting the Google Play Store.
Register: In the app, create an account.
Examine Notification: Examine the comprehensive notification on the scholarship examination.
Sign up to Take the Test: Finish the app's registration process.
Examine: The Medhavi app allows you to take the exam from the comfort of your home.
Get Results: In just two days, the results are made public.
Verification of Documents: Provide the required paperwork and bank account information for validation.
Get Scholarship: Following a successful verification process, the scholarship will be given. You need to have at least passed the 10th grade/matriculation scholarship amount will be transferred directly to your bank account.

Scholarship Details:

Type A: For candidates scoring 60% or above in the exam.

Type B: For candidates scoring between 50% and 60%.

Type C: For candidates scoring between 40% and 50%.

Cash Scholarship:

Scholarships can range from Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 18,000 per month, depending on the marks obtained and the type of scholarship exam (SAKSHAM, SWABHIMAN, SAMADHAN, etc.).

Since you already have a 12th grade qualification with 84%, you meet the qualification criteria and are eligible to apply for the Medhavi Scholarship exam. Make sure to prepare well for the exam to maximize your chances of receiving a higher scholarship.

Hope you find this useful!

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Yuvan 30 August,2024
i upload 12th board result screenshot in ncweb form from the cbse site so it is valid

hello mahima,

If you have uploaded screenshot of your 12th board result taken from CBSE official website,there won,t be a problem with that.If the screenshot that you have uploaded is clear and legible. It should display your name, roll number, marks obtained, and any other relevant details in a readable forma.ALSO, the screenshot clearly show it is from the official CBSE results portal.

hope this helps.

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Ashvadha 12 July,2024
Kya mujhe class 12 ka important question milega jo exam mai per year puche jate hai

Hello Akash,

If you are looking for important questions of class 12th then I would like to suggest you to go with previous year questions of that particular board. You can go with last 5-10 years of PYQs so and after going through all the questions you will have a clear idea about the type and level of questions that are being asked and it will help you to boost your class 12th board preparation.

You can get the Previous Year Questions (PYQs) on the official website of the respective board.

I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries then feel free to share your questions with us we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you and wishing you all the best for your bright future.

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kumardurgesh1802 10 July,2024
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Popular CBSE Class 12th Questions

A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

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0.16\; J
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1.00\; J

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0.67\; J
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A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

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2.45×10−3 kg

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 6.45×10−3 kg
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 9.89×10−3 kg

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12.89×10−3 kg

 
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2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

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200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J
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2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

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K/2\,

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In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

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6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced
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33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

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How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

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0.02

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3.125 × 10-2
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1.25 × 10-2

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2.5 × 10-2
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If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

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decrease twice

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increase two fold
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remain unchanged

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be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.
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With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

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Fraction of solute present in water

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Mole fraction.
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Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

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twice that in 60 g carbon

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6.023 × 1022
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half that in 8 g He

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A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

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more than 3 but less than 6
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more than 6 but less than 9

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more than 9
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