NCERT Syllabus for Class 10 Science 2022 - Download PDF

Theme

Sub Theme

Questions

Key Concepts

1. Food

-

-

-

2. Materials

Different kinds of materials

Why are some substances sour and some bitter in taste?

Why does soap solution feel slippery? Why does seawater taste salty?

Why does iron rust? Why does painted iron not rust? Why is burning sensation removed when one takes antacids? Why do substances stop burning in the absence of air? Why is flame seen when substances burn? Can substances burn without flame? Why does a matchstick kept in the blue part of the flame not burn? Why is a red coating formed on the zinc rod when it is kept in copper sulphate solution? What is the material of the coating?

Acids, bases and salts:

General properties, examples and uses

Chemical reactions and Equation: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, neutralisation, oxidation and reduction in terms of gain and loss of oxygen and hydrogen

How things change/react with one another.?

How do copper, silver, iron exist in nature?

What is the composition of natural gas used for cooking? What is petrol? What is vinegar?

Brief discussion of basic metallurgical processes. Properties of common metals. Elementary idea about bonding

Carbon and its compounds, elementary idea about bonding. Saturated hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids: (no preparation, only properties)

Materials of common use

How is common salt obtained? Besides its use in food, is it used for other purposes? What makes washing soda and baking soda different materials? How does bleaching powder make paper and cloth white? What is the white material that is used for making casts? How do soaps clean clothes? Can some other material be used for cleaning clothes? Why does a man lose control on his body after drinking alcohol? Why do people become blind on drinking denatured alcohol?

Soap – cleansing action of soap

How are elements classified?

How do chemists study such a large number of elements?

Gradations in properties: Mendeleev periodic table

3. The World of the Living

Our Environment

What will happen if we bury different materials in the soil? What will happen if we kill all insects? Some of us eat meat; some do not – what about animals?

Our Environment: Environmental problems, what can we do? Bio degradable, nonbiodegradable. Ozone depletion

How do we stay alive?

What are the processes needed for living?

Define ‘living’ things; Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals

Control in the living

Why do roots grow towards the ground? Can we make them grow upwards? Why do stems grow upwards?

Tropic movements in plants; Introduction to plant hormones;

Control and coordination in animals: voluntary, involuntary and reflex action, nervous system; chemical coordination: animal hormones

Reproduction in the living

Do plants and animals have similar reproductive cycles? Can we decide how many children are born in a family?

Reproduction in plants and animals. Need for and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs. HIV/ AIDS. Childbearing and women’s health

Heredity and evolution

Why are we like our parents? Did similar plants and animals exist in the past? Did life always exist?

Heredity; Origin of life: brief introduction; Basic concepts of evolution.

4. Moving Things, People and Ideas

5. How things work

Electric Circuits

In which direction does current flow inside a conductor?

Potential difference, potential

How is potential difference across a conductor related to current through the conductor?

Ohm’s law

How can you arrange a given set of resistors so that the same current flows through all?

Series combination of resistances

How are appliances connected in a house?

Parallel combination of resistances

How much heat is generated when a current I flows through a resistor?

Power dissipated due to current. Inter relation between P, V, I and R

Magnets

How does the needle of a compass change direction when placed at different points near a magnet?

Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Does a current carrying conductor produce a magnetic field?

Field due to a current-carrying wire. Field due to current carrying coil or solenoid

What happens to a current carrying conductor when it is placed in a magnetic field?

Force on current carrying conductor Fleming’s left hand rule

How does the above effect help us to design machines to do work?

Electric motor

What do you observe when a magnet is moved towards a wire connected to a galvanometer?

Electromagnetic induction

Induced potential differences, induced current

How can the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction be used to design a device to generate electricity?

Electric generator. principle and working.

Does the current produced by a generator have the same direction all the time?

Direct current. Alternating current; frequency of AC. Advantage of AC over DC

How are the bulbs etc. connected to the AC source in our homes?

Domestic electric circuits

6. Natural Phenomena

Why is paper burnt when light passing through a lens strikes it?

Convergence and divergence of light

Does a spherical mirror also exhibit similar phenomenon? Can we see a full image of a tall building using a small mirror?

Images formed by a concave mirror; related concepts centre of curvature, principal axis. Optical centre, focus, focal length

Why does a spoon partly immersed in water in a transparent glass appear broken at the level of water when viewed from the sides?

Refraction; laws of refraction

What do lenses do? How do they correct defects in vision?

Images formed by a convex lens; functioning of lens, human eye and colorful world; problems of vision and remedies.

Application of spherical mirrors and lenses.

Why does the path of light change on entering a different medium?

Appreciation of concept of refraction; velocity of light; refractive index; twinkling of stars; dispersion of light

Why or how does a prism disperse light?

Dispersion of light

Why is the sky blue?

Scattering of light

7. Natural Resources

Conservation of Natural Resources

How can we contribute to protect environment in our locality? What are the major global environmental issues of direct relevance to us?

Management of natural resources. Conservation and judicious use of natural resources. Forest and wild life, coal and petroleum conservation.

What are the steps expected on the part of local administration to maintain balances in nature in your region? How can we help?

People’s participation. Chipko movement. Legal perspectives in conservation and international scenario

The regional environment

How does the construction of big dams affect the life of the people and the regional environment? Are rivers, lakes, forests and wildlife safe in your area?

Big dams: advantages and limitations; alternatives if any. Water harvesting. Sustainable management of natural resources

Sources of energy

What are the various sources of energy we use? Are any of these sources limited? Are there reasons to prefer some of them over others?

Different forms of energy, leading to different sources for human use: fossil fuels, solar energy; biogas; wind, water and tidal energy; nuclear energy. Renewable versus non-renewable sources