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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 Excretory Products and Their Elimination: In this chapter of the Human Physiology unit, you will learn the mechanisms of elimination of these substances, with special emphasis on common nitrogenous wastes. You will learn that ammonia, along with urea and uric acid, are the major forms of nitrogenous waste excreted by animals. NCERT Solutions have been updated to the latest CBSE Syllabus. A thorough strategy, backed by extensive and in-depth learning of concepts, is your best bet for acing the board exams. This is why students can rely on NCERT Solutions for Class 11.
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CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 - Excretory Products and Their Elimination carry an impressive explanation of all the questions that are based on the excretory products and how they got eliminated from the body. And to understand that, you need to learn from Chapter 19 Biology Class 11 NCERT Solutions that ammonia is the most toxic form and requires a large amount of water for its elimination. Whereas uric acid, being the least toxic, can be removed with a minimum loss of water. According to Ch 19 Bio Class 11, this process of excreting ammonia from the body is called ammonotelism. It is very interesting to know in Biology Class 11 Chapter 19 that many bony fish, aquatic amphibians, and aquatic insects are ammonotelic in nature. In order to excel in the CBSE exams, it is advised that students spend a few hours per day working through the Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions.
In CBSE Solutions for NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 Excretory Products and Their Elimination, you will get questions and answers related to excretory products and their elimination in different organisms (including humans). Students can assess their knowledge by going through the Excretory Products and Their Elimination Class 11 Questions and Answers provided here. If you are looking for an answer from any other chapter, even from any other class, then go with NCERT Solutions, there you will get all the answers to NCERT easily.
Biology Class 11: In Excretory Products and Their Elimination Class 11, you will study that urine formation involves three main processes: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. The full form of GRF is glomerular filtration rate. As per the Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions, filtration is a non-selective process performed by the glomerulus using glomerular capillary blood pressure. you have to study in Ch 19 Bio Class 11 to know more about reabsorption and secretion, as related questions are there in Class 11 Excretory Products and Their Elimination.
After going through the Solutions for Excretory Products and Their Elimination Class 11, you must be able to understand all the Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 Question Answer given below:
According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 16.
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The complete exercise and in-text Excretory Products and Their Elimination NCERT Solutions are given below:
Q1. Define Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Answer:
The Glomerular filtration rate- It refers to the amount of glomerular filtrate formed in all the nephrons of both the kidneys per minute. In a healthy individual, it is about 125 ml/minute. The glomerular filtrate contains glucose, amino acids, sodium, potassium, urea, uric acid, ketone bodies, and large amounts of water.
Q2. Explain the autoregulatory mechanism of GFR.
Answer:
The kidneys have built-in mechanisms for the regulation of glomerular filtration rate. One such mechanism is the Juxtaglomerular apparatus. Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a microscopic structure located between the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. It plays a role in regulating the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. When there is a fall in the glomerular filtration rate, it activates the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin. This stimulates the glomerular blood flow, thereby bringing the GFR back to normal. Renin brings the GFR back to normal by the activation of the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 Question Answer
Q3. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false:
(a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.
(b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.
(c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.
(d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.
(e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
Answer:
(a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex. True statement
(b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic. False statement
(c) The protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule. True statement
(d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine. True statements
(e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. True statements
Answer:
The function of the countercurrent mechanism that operates inside the kidney is to conserve the water and make the urine concentrated. The countercurrent mechanism depends upon the loops of Henle, vasa recta, collecting ducts and interstitial fluid. The blood flows in the two limbs of the tube in opposite directions giving rise to the counter-currents. The proximity between the loop of Henle and vasa recta, as well as the countercurrent in them, help in maintaining an in increasing osmolarity towards the inner medullary interstitial fluid i.e. 300 mOsmol/L in the cortex to 1200 mOsmol/L in the inner medulla. This gradient is mainly caused by NaCl and urea. NaCl is transported by the ascending limb of the loop of Henle which is exchanged with the descending capillary of vasa recta. Similarly, small amounts of urea enter the thin segment of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle which is transported back to the medullary interstitial fluid by the collecting duct.
The countercurrent mechanism helps to maintain a concentration gradient in the medullary interstitial fluid which helps in easy absorption of water from the filtrate present in the collecting duct so that the concentration of the filtrate is increased. The overall function of the counter current mechanism is to concentrate sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid and cause water to diffuse out of the collecting ducts and concentrate the urine. This leads to the production of hypertonic urine.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Q5. Describe the role of liver, lungs and skin in excretion.
Answer:
Apart from kidney, liver, lungs, and skin also play important roles in the process of excretion.
1. LIver- The liver is the largest gland in vertebrates which helps in the excretion of compounds like cholesterol, steroid hormones, vitamins, drugs, and other waste materials via the production of bile. Urea is formed in the liver by the ornithine cycle whereas ammonia which is a toxic substance is quickly changed into urea in the liver and hence gets eliminated from the body. The liver is also responsible for changing the decomposed haemoglobin pigment into bile pigments in the form of bilirubin and biliverdin.
2. Lungs: The lungs help in removal of waste materials such as carbon dioxide from the body.
3. Skin: Skin possesses many glands that help in excreting waste products through pores in the skin. The two types of glands present in the skin are sweat and sebaceous glands. The sweat glands are highly vascular and tubular glands which separate the waste products from the blood and excrete them in the form of sweat. Sweat also removes excess salt and water from the body. Sebaceous glands are branched glands that secrete an oily secretion called sebum.
Answer:
The process by which the urine from the urinary bladder is excreted out is called micturition. As the urine accumulates, the muscular walls of the bladder expands and cause the stimulation of the sensory nerves in the bladder, setting up a reflex action. This reflex stimulates the urge to pass out urine. In order to discharge urine, the urethral sphincter relaxes and the smooth muscles of the bladder contract. This forces the urine out from the bladder. An adult human excretes about 1 — 1.5 litres of urine per day.
Class 11 Bio Chapter 19 NCERT Solutions
Q7. Match the items of column I with those of column II :
Column I Column II
(a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds
(b) Bowman’s capsule (ii) Water reabsorption
(c) Micturition (iii) Bony fish
(d) Uricotelism (iv) Urinary bladder
(e) ADH (v) Renal tubule
Answer:
The correct matching is a-iii, b-v, c-iv, d-i, e-ii
Column I Column II
(a) Ammonotelism (iii) Bony fish
(b) Bowman’s capsule (v) Renal tubule
(c) Micturition (iv) Urinary bladder
(d) Uricotelism (i) Birds
(e) ADH (ii) Water reabsorption
Q8. What is meant by the term osmoregulation?
Answer:
Osmoregulation- It is a homeostatic mechanism that regulates the optimum temperature of water and salts in the tissues and body fluids. It maintains the internal environment of the body by maintaining the water and ionic concentration.
CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Q9. Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why ?
Answer:
Terrestrial animals are either ureotelic or uricotelic, and not ammonotelic because of the following two reasons:
1. Since ammonia is highly toxic in nature, it needs to be converted into a less toxic form such as urea or uric acid.
2. Terrestrial animals need to conserve water. Ammonia being soluble in water, cannot be eliminated continuously. Hence, it needs to be converted into urea or uric acid which are insoluble in water. This helps terrestrial animals conserve water.
Q10. What is the significance of juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in kidney function?
Answer:
Juxtaglomerular apparatus is an apparatus consisting of a few cells of the glomerulus, distal tubule, and afferent and efferent arterioles It is involved in maintaining the glomerular filtration rate in the kidney. JGA is found to be located in a specialised region of a nephron, where the afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule are in direct contact with each other. The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of certain specialised cells of the afferent arteriole. These cells are known as juxtaglomerular cells and they contain the enzyme renin that can sense blood pressure. When there is a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, the juxtaglomerular cells get activated and release renin which functions to converts the angiotensinogen in the blood into angiotensin I and further into angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor that can increase the glomerular filtration rate or glomerular blood pressure. Angiotensin II further stimulates the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland to produce aldosterone which increases the rate of absorption of sodium ions and water from the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct. Later on, it leads to an increase in the blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate. This mechanism is known as the renin-angiotensin mechanism, ultimately leads to increased blood pressure. Juxtaglomerular apparatus plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 NCERT Question Answer
Q11. Name the following:
(a) A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures
Answer:
A chordate animal having flame cells as excretory structures is Amphioxus.
Q11. Name the following:
(b) Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney
Answer:
Cortical portions projecting between the medullary pyramids in the human kidney are called columns of Bertini.
Q11. Name the following:
(c) A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop.
Answer:
A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop is vasa rectum.
Q12. Fill in the gaps :
(a) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is _______ to water whereas the descending limb is _______ to it.
(b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone _______.
(c) Dialysis fluid contain all the constituents as in plasma except _______.
(d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) _______ gm of urea/day.
Answer:
(a) Ascending limb of Henle’s loop is impermeable to water whereas the descending limb is permeable to it.
(b) Reabsorption of water from distal parts of the tubules is facilitated by hormone ADH.
(c) Dialysis fluid contains all the constituents as in plasma except nitrogenous wastes
(d) A healthy adult human excretes (on an average) 20-30 gm of urea/day.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 - Excretory Products and Their Elimination are categorised under Unit 5 Human Physiology and are part of the CBSE Syllabus for the 2022–23 academic year. According to historical patterns, this unit 5 carries roughly 18 of the possible points, or 25% of the total weight. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology provides ansewers to exercise questions for all chapters. As a result, students need to pay close attention to every chapter in this unit including Chapter 19 Biology Class 11 NCERT Solutions. Excretion Class 11 explains the Human excretory system, and its corresponding organs performing respective functions.
If you are unable to determine Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 NCERT Question Answer or facing any problem to understand Excretory Products and Their Elimination NCERT Solutions. Then, you need to go through the Excretory Products and Their Elimination NCERT chapter and then try to solve all the given questions in by yourself. You can match your responses from Excretory Products and Their Elimination Class 11 NCERT Solutions. It will help you to prepare not only for the school exam also for other competitive exams like NEET as you can encounter question based on the concepts of Class 11 Bio Chapter 19 NCERT Solutions.
The important topics and subtopics of Excretory Products and Their Elimination NCERT Solutions are given below:
19.1 Human Excretory System
19.2 Urine Formation
19.3 Function of the Tubules
19.4 Mechanism of Concentration of the Filtrate
19.5 Regulation of Kidney Function
19.6 Micturition
19.7 Role of other Organs in Excretion
19.8 Disorders of the Excretory System
The benefits of Excretory Products and Their Elimination Class 11 NCERT Solutions PDF are listed below:
Chapter 1 | The Living World |
Chapter 2 | Biological Classification |
Chapter 3 | Plant Kingdom |
Chapter 4 | Animal Kingdom |
Chapter 5 | Morphology of Flowering Plants |
Chapter 6 | Anatomy of Flowering Plants |
Chapter 7 | Structural Organisation in Animals |
Chapter 8 | Cell: The Unit of Life |
Chapter 9 | Biomolecules |
Chapter 10 | Cell Cycle and Cell Division |
Chapter 11 | Transport in Plants |
Chapter 12 | Mineral Nutrition |
Chapter 13 | Photosynthesis in Higher Plants |
Chapter 14 | Respiration in Plants |
Chapter 15 | Plant Growth and Development |
Chapter 16 | Digestion and Absorption |
Chapter 17 | Breathing and Exchange of Gases |
Chapter 18 | Body Fluids and Circulation |
Chapter 19 | Excretory Products and their Elimination |
Chapter 20 | Locomotion and Movement |
Chapter 21 | Neural Control and Coordination |
Chapter 22 | NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 22 Chemical Coordination and Integration |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics |
A loop of capillary running parallel to the Henle’s loop is vasa rectum.
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A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.
A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment.
An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.
An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.
Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack