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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 Chemical Coordination and Integration
Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Apr 14, 2025 04:02 PM IST
The human body works effectively because of coordination among various organs. In contrast to the nervous system, which is based on electrical impulses, it is responsible for the function of hormones in communication. These are secreted by endocrine glands that control the process of metabolism, growth, reproduction, and other important processes. Chapter 19 Biology NCERT Solutions for Class 11 explains how glands coordinate to achieve homeostasis.
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This Story also Contains
- Biology Chemical Coordination and Integration Class 11 NCERT Solutions PDF
- NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19: Solved Exercise Questions
- Endocrine System and Hormones
- Mechanism of Hormone Action in Chapter 19 Class 11 Biology Solutions
- Feedback Mechanism: Chemical Coordination and Integration Class 11 Solutions
Chemical Coordination and Integration chapter describes how the human body achieves balance with the help of hormones. This chapter deals with the endocrine system, glands, and functions of hormones. With Chapter 19 Class 11 NCERT Solutions, one can learn how chemical messengers control body functions. It gives a systematic way of learning this subject and scoring well in exams.
Biology Chemical Coordination and Integration Class 11 NCERT Solutions PDF
The NCERT Solutions in PDF format are given below.
Also Read
- NCERT Notes for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 Chemical Coordination and Integration
- NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 Chemical Coordination and Integration
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 19: Solved Exercise Questions
The detailed Exercise questions with solutions are given below:
(a) Exocrine gland
Answer:
Exocrine gland-
The glands which discharge their secretions into ducts are known as exocrine glands. Examples of exocrine glands include the sebaceous gland in the skin, the salivary gland in the buccal cavity, etc.
(b) Endocrine gland
Answer:
Endocrine glands-
The glands which do not discharge their secretions into ducts are known as endocrine glands. These glands discharge their secretions directly into the blood. Examples of endocrine glands include Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, etc.
(c) Hormone
Answer:
Hormones-
The hormones are chemical messengers that regulate physiological processes in living organisms. They act upon specific cells/tissues/organs.
Q2. Diagrammatically indicate the location of the various endocrine glands in our body.
Answer:
The location of the various endocrine glands in our body is depicted below
Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following:
(a) Hypothalamus
Answer:
The hormones secreted by the hypothalamus are divided into two groups
(1) Releasing hormones: These include gonadotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, somatotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotrophin-releasing hormone
(2) Inhibiting hormones: These include somatostatin, growth-inhibiting hormone, melanocyte-inhibiting hormone
Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following:
(b) Pituitary
Answer:
The pituitary gland has two components i.e., adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis.
Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis are growth hormone (GH), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Hormones secreted by the neurohypophysis are oxytocin and vasopressin
Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following: (c) Thyroid
Answer:
Thyroid gland- The thyroid gland secretes three hormones namely, thyroxin, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin.
Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following:
(d) Parathyroid
Answer:
Parathyroid- It secretes parathyroid hormone
Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following:
(e) Adrenal
Answer:
Adrenal gland - The adrenal gland is divided into two parts, the outer adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla.
Hormones of the adrenal cortex include aldosterone and cortisol.
Hormones of the adrenal medulla are adrenaline and nor-adrenalin.
Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following:
(f) Pancrea
Answer:
Pancreas: Hormones secreted by the pancreas are insulin and glucagon.
Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following:
(g) Testi
Answer:
Testis: The hormone secreted by the testis is testosterone.
Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following:
(h) Ovary
Answer:
Ovary: The hormone secreted by the ovary includes estrogen and progesterone.
Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following:
(i) Thymus
Answer:
Thymus: Hormones secreted by the thymus are thymosins.
Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following:
(j) Atrium
Answer:
Atrium: The walls of the atrium secrete atrial natriuretic factor.
Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following:
(k) Kidney
Answer:
Kidney: The hormone secreted by the kidney is erythropoietin.
Q3. List the hormones secreted by the following:
(l) G-I Tract
Answer:
G-l tract- The hormones secreted by the G-l tract are Gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
Q4. Fill in the blanks:
Hormones Target gland
(a) Hypothalamic hormones __________________
(b) Thyrotrophin (TSH) __________________
(c) Corticotrophin (ACTH) __________________
(d) Gonadotrophins (LH, FSH) __________________
(e) Melanotrophin (MSH) __________________
Answer:
Hormones Target gland
(a) Hypothalamic hormones Pituitary gland
(b) Thyrotrophin (TSH) Thyroid gland
(c) Corticotrophin (ACTH) Adrenal cortex
(d) Gonadotrophins (LH, FSH) Testis and ovaries
(e) Melanotrophin (MSH) Pigment cells of the dermis of the skin
Q5. Write short notes on the functions of the following hormones:
(a) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Answer:
Function of Parathyroid hormone (PTH):
- The parathyroid hormone maintains the calcium levels in the body.
- It increases the calcium levels of the blood.
- It stimulates bone resorption which demineralises bones increasing blood calcium levels.
- It also stimulates calcium absorption by renal tubules and from the digested food.
Q5. Write short notes on the functions of the following hormones:
(b) Thyroid hormone
Answer:
Functions of Thyroid hormones are given below:
Thyroxine/tetraiodothyronine (T4):
- It regulates the basal metabolic rate (BMR).
- It regulates body growth such as the ossification of bones and mental development.
- It controls body weight.
- It also controls tissue differentiation and metamorphosis of the tadpole larva into an adult frog.
- It suppresses RBC formation.
Tri-iodothyronine (T3):
- It increases the body's oxygen and energy consumption.
- It increases the heart rate and force of contraction which increases the cardiac output.
Q5. Write short notes on the functions of the following hormones:
(c) Thymosin
Answer:
The function of Thymosins is given below:
- Thymosin stimulates the differentiation of T-lymphocytes and provides cell-mediated immunity.
- It promotes the production of antibodies to provide humoral immunity.
- It also stimulates the rate of cell division in kids and hence promotes growth.
Q5. Write short notes on the functions of the following hormones:
(d) Androgens
Answer:
The functions of Androgens are given below:
Testosterone:
- Testosterone helps in the maturation of sperm.
- It stimulates the growth and development of the male reproductive system.
- It stimulates the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as beard and moustache.
- It produces anabolic effects on protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
Androsterone:
It affects the masculinisation of the foetus and child and maintains or creates masculine traits in adults.
Q5. Write short notes on the functions of the following hormones:
(e) Estrogen
Answer:
The primary function of estrogens is the development of female secondary sexual characteristics. These include breasts, endometrium, regulation of the menstrual cycle, etc. In males, estrogen helps in the maturation of the sperm and the maintenance of a healthy libido.
Q5. Write short notes on the functions of the following hormones:
(f) Insulin and Glucagon
Answer:
The functions of Insulin and Glucagon are given below:
Insulin:
- It plays a major role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
- It acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes.
- It stimulates the transport of glucose from the blood to muscle.
- It promotes the oxidation of glucose and the conversion of glucose to glycogen, i.e. glycogenesis, resulting in hypoglycemia.
Glucagon:
- It plays a major role in the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels.
- It acts on hepatocytes and stimulates the conversion of glycogen into glucose.
- It also stimulates the process of gluconeogenesis, i.e. the conversion of non-carbohydrate substances such as fats and proteins to glucose.
(a) Hyperglycemic hormone and hypoglycemic hormone
Answer:
Hyperglycemic hormone - glucagon
Hypoglycemic hormone - insulin
(c) Gonadotrophic hormone
Answer:
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
(f) Androgens and estrogens
Answer:
Androgens : Testosterone and androsterone
Estrogens : β-oestradiol
Q7. Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for the following:
(a) Diabetes Mellitus
Answer:
Insufficient secretion of insulin is responsible.
Q7. Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for the following:
(b) Goitre
Answer:
Insufficient secretion of thyroxin is responsible.
Q7. Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for the following:
(c) Cretinism
Answer:
Insufficient secretion of thyroxine is responsible.
Q8. Briefly mention the mechanism of action of FSH.
Answer:
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. It is insoluble in lipids and hence cannot enter the target cell. This hormone binds to the cell surface and activates cellular systems to perform functions.
Steps in the action of FSH:
- A molecule of FSH binds to the receptor protein present on the cell surface and forms the hormone-receptor complex.
- The formation of a hormone-receptor complex activates the enzyme adenyl cyclase.
- Adenyl cyclase converts ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a second messenger.
- cAMP activates the follicular cells of membrane granulose to secrete estrogens.
Q9. Match the following:
| Column I | Column II |
|---|---|
| (a) T4 | (i) Hypothalamus |
| (b) PTH | (ii) Thyroid |
| (c) GnRH | (iii) Pituitary |
| (d) LH | (iv) Parathyroid |
Answer:
| (a) T4 | (ii) Thyroid |
| (b) PTH | (iv) Parathyroid |
| (c) GnRH | (i) Hypothalamus |
| (d) LH | (iii) Pituitary |
| Column I | Column II |
|---|
Important Topics of Class 11 Biology Chapter 19 Chemical Coordination and Integration
The important topics and subtopics of Chemical Coordination and Integration Class 11 are listed below:
| 19.1 | Endocrine Glands and Hormones |
| 19.2 | Human Endocrine System |
| 19.2.1 | The Hypothalamus |
| 19.2.2 | The Pituitary Gland |
| 19.2.3 | The Pineal Gland |
| 19.2.4 | Thyroid Gland |
| 19.2.5 | Parathyroid Gland |
| 19.2.6 | Thymus |
| 19.2.7 | Adrenal Gland |
| 19.2.8 | Pancreas |
| 19.2.9 | Testis |
| 19.2.10 | Ovary |
| 19.3 | Hormones of Heart, Kidney, and Gastrointestinal Tract |
| 19.4 | Mechanism of Hormone Action |
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Apply NowEndocrine System and Hormones
The Chemical Coordination and Integration Class 11 Solutions describe the endocrine system in depth. Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood, affecting different body functions. Learning these glands is important to understand Chapter 19 Class 11 Biology Solutions.
Principal Endocrine Glands and Their Functions
- Hypothalamus – Controls the pituitary gland and secretes hormones that regulate body functions.
- Pituitary Gland – Referred to as the master gland, it regulates other endocrine glands.
- Thyroid Gland – Releases thyroxine, which controls metabolism and energy production.
- Parathyroid Glands – Helps to maintain body calcium balance.
- Adrenal Glands – Produces adrenaline and cortisol, enabling the body to cope with stress.
- Pancreas – Releases insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar.
- Gonads (Testes and Ovaries) – Releases reproductive hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone.
Mechanism of Hormone Action in Chapter 19 Class 11 Biology Solutions
The Class 11 Biology Chemical Coordination and Integration topic consists of the mechanism of hormone action. Hormones exert their action by binding to particular receptors on target cells. The binding of hormones to the target cells results in chemical reactions, which bring about physiological changes.
Steps in Hormone Action
- Hormone Secretion – Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
- Hormone Transport – Hormones are transported through the bloodstream to the target organs.
- Receptor Binding – Hormones bind to particular receptors on target cells.
- Cellular Response – The target cell reacts by triggering enzymes, gene expression, or other physiological responses.
The Chapter 19 Biology Class 11 study material describes these steps with examples, including insulin's action in glucose metabolism.
Feedback Mechanism: Chemical Coordination and Integration Class 11 Solutions
The Chemical Coordination and Integration Chapter of Class 11 discusses why hormones are regulated by feedback mechanisms. This helps to keep the level of hormones constant.
Types of Feedback Mechanisms
- Negative Feedback – Stops overproduction of the hormone. Example: Hyperglycemia initiates the release of insulin, decreasing blood glucose to prevent further insulin release.
- Positive Feedback – Stimulates hormone secretion. Example: In childbirth, oxytocin causes contractions to intensify until birth.
The learning of these mechanisms in Chapter 19 NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology makes students understand hormonal balance.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 - Subjectwise
| NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths |
| NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry |
| NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapterwise
Below mentioned are the Chapterwise solutions:
In conclusion, Chapter 19 Chemical Coordination and Integration focuses on the importance of hormones in keeping the body in homeostasis and controlling body functions. Smooth coordination of organs is guaranteed by the endocrine system using its glands and chemical messengers. Students are able to learn how hormones control metabolism, growth, and reproduction from this chapter. NCERT solutions are a systematic way of learning these concepts, and preparing for the exams becomes simpler and more efficient.
Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is Chemical Coordination and Integration in Class 11 Biology?
Chemical coordination and integration are the use of hormones in regulating body functions. It is regulated by the endocrine system, which releases hormones to provide balance and coordination in the body.
2. How does the endocrine system regulate chemical coordination in humans?
The endocrine system controls chemical coordination by secreting hormones into the blood. The hormones affect specific organs and regulate functions such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
3. What are the major endocrine glands discussed in NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 19?
The chief endocrine glands are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads (testes and ovaries). All these glands release certain hormones that help in maintaining body functions.
4. Explain the role of hormones in chemical coordination.
Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate numerous body functions. They decide metabolism, growth, reproduction, response to stress, and homeostasis by communicating with target cells.
5. What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Exocrine glands secrete their products through ducts, such as digestive enzymes and sweat. Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream without ducts.
6. How does the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland?
The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland through the release of hormones that stimulate or suppress pituitary hormone secretion. It serves as a connection between the nervous and endocrine systems.
7. What is the function of thyroid hormones in human metabolism?
Thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), control metabolism, energy production, and growth. They regulate body temperature and fat and protein metabolism.
8. How does insulin regulate blood sugar levels?
Insulin decreases blood sugar by stimulating glucose to enter cells. It stores the excess glucose in the liver as glycogen and inhibits a rise in blood sugar.
9. What are the major disorders caused by hormonal imbalance?
Disorders resulting from hormonal imbalance include diabetes (caused by the lack of insulin), hypothyroidism (thyroid hormones are below normal), hyperthyroidism (thyroid hormones are in excess), and gigantism (growth hormone in excess).
10. How does the feedback mechanism regulate hormonal secretion?
The feedback mechanism regulates hormone balance by regulating secretion levels. In negative feedback, excessive hormone levels suppress further release, whereas in positive feedback, hormone production is increased until a process is finished.
11. Why is the adrenal gland called the stress gland?
The adrenal gland is referred to as the stress gland due to the fact that it secretes adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones facilitate the body's response to stress by raising heart rate, energy, and alertness.
12. What are the functions of growth hormone (GH) in humans?
Growth hormone stimulates body growth, particularly in bones and muscles. It controls metabolism, increases protein synthesis, and regulates fat breakdown for energy.
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