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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom: In Plant Kingdom Class 11 NCERT, you are going to study all about those categories that come under the plant kingdom. It includes algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Solutions for NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom will help you understand the concepts easily. Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic, and largely aquatic organisms. Algae usually reproduce vegetatively by fragmentation, asexually by the formation of different types of spores, and sexually by the formation of gametes, which may show isogamy, anisogamy, or oogamy. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom carry all the answers that are asked in the NCERT book. Bryophytes are plants that can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction. You will learn that the bryophytes are divided into liverworts and mosses. If you are looking for an answer from any other chapter, even from any other class, then go with NCERT Solutions, there you will get all the answers to NCERT easily.
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Plant kingdom NCERT Solutions tell you about gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms are plants in which ovules are not enclosed by an ovary wall. After fertilization, the seeds remain exposed, and therefore these plants are called naked-seeded plants. The NCERT Solutions for Class 11 are updated according to the latest CBSE syllabus. In Plant Kingdom Class 11 NCERT Solutions, you will get the solutions to those questions that are asked about the concept of fertilization. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology provide detailed solutions for each chapter of NCERT Class 11 Biology. To aid students in their preparation for their first board exam, experts with years of experience in the field created the Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Question Answers.
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After going through the Plant Kingdom Class 11 NCERT PDF, you must be able to understand the concept behind all the questions:
The detailed Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Exercise Solutions were prepared by the Biology experts.
Q1. What is the basis of classification of algae?
Answer:
Algae are chlorophyll-containing thallus-bearing plants characterised by the absence of embryo stage. A variety of algae are found in a variety of habitats. The various types of algae are classified on the basis of their pigments, flagellation and the reserve food material. Based on these criteria, algae are of three types i.e. red algae, brown algae and green algae.
Feature | Chlorophyceae | Phaeophyceae | Rhodophyceae |
Pigment | Chlorophyll a and b | Chlorophyll a, c and fucoxanthin | Chlorophyll a, b and phycoerythrine |
Reserve food material | Starch | Mannitol and laminarin | Floridean starch |
Cell wall composition | Cellulose | Cellulose and algin | Cellulose and pectin |
Flagella | 2-8, equal and apical | 2, unequal and lateral | Absent |
Answer:
In the life cycle of a liverwort reduction division take place in the capsule for the formation of haploid spores that will grow into gametophytic thallus after germination. In mosses, the gametes fertilise and a zygote is formed. The zygote develops into the sporophyte. In the capsule of the sporophyte, reduction division takes place and haploid spores are formed which on germination give rise to gametophytic thallus. In ferns, reduction division takes place in the sporangia present on leaves for the production of spores. Gymnosperms, which have sporophytic plant body show reduction division in their microsporangia and megasporangia for the formation of microspores and megaspores. In the case of angiosperms, the main plant body is diploid and reduction division occurs for the formation of gametes. Therefore, in the life cycle of an angiosperm, reduction division takes place in the anther and ovary at the time of microspore and megaspore formation respectively.
Answer:
Tissue | Ploidy |
Protonemal cell of a moss; | Haploid |
Primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, | Triploid |
Leaf cell of a moss | Haploid |
Prothallus cell of a fern | Haploid |
Gemma cell in Marchantia; | Haploid |
Meristem cell of monocot | Diploid |
Ovum of a liverwort | Haploid |
Zygote of a fern | Diploid |
Q5. Write a note on economic importance of algae and gymnosperms.
Answer:
Economic importance of algae
1. Green algae such as Ulva, Caulerpa, Enteromorpha, Chlorella etc are used as food rich in lipid, protein, vitamins, minerals etc.
2. Chlorella and Caulerpa are used to obtain antibiotics also.
3. A number of green algae such as Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Scenedesmus etc are used in sewage oxidation tanks.
Economic importance of Gymnosperms
1. The seeds of Pinus gerardiana are roasted and eaten.
2. The softwood of gymnosperms is used in the construction of furniture, plywood, packing cases, match sticks, railway sleepers etc.
3. The wood from Picea, Pinus, Larix and Abies is used in the manufacture of paper.
4. Pine needles are used to make fibre boards.
5. Resins containing terpenes, resin acids and esters can be obtained from gymnosperms. Resins are used in waterproofing, sealing joints etc.
6. A drug called ephedrine is extracted from Ephedra which is a gymnosperm. This drug is useful in respiratory ailments such as asthma.
Q6. Both gymnosperms and angiosperms bear seeds, then why are they classified separately?
Answer:
Both gymnosperms and angiosperms come under the group spermatophyta or seed-bearing plants. However, angiosperms and gymnosperms are classified separately in spermatophyta because gymnosperms possess naked seeds i.e. their seeds are not enclosed in ovary whereas angiosperms possess seeds that are enclosed in the ovary.
Q7. What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples.
Answer:
Heterospory- It refers to the existence of two types of meiospores i.e. microspores and megaspores in a single plant. These microspores and megaspores are formed respectively within microsporangia and megasporangia which in turn are borne on two distinct sporophylls called microsporophylls and megasporophylls respectively. The microspores and megaspores upon germination give rise to male and female gametophyte respectively. The megaspore is retained in megasporangia and it ensures proper development of the zygote. which is formed after the fusion of microgametes with the megagametes. The zygote is retained on the plant and it is considered to be a precursor of seed habit.
Significance of heterospory- Heterospory is considered to be an important step in evolution as it is a precursor of seed habit which is seen in higher plants. Heterospory was first observed in pteridophyte Selaginella and Salvinia .
NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3 plant kingdom:
Q8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:-
(1) protonema
Answer:
Protonema- It refers to the creeping, green, branched, often filamentous structure which is formed directly after the germination of moss spore. It represents the first stage in the life cycle of moss. Protonema is short-lived and it grows prostrate on the surface. Protonema bears rhizoids for the absorption of materials.
Q8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples
(2) antheridium
Answer:
Antheridium- It is the male sex organ found in bryophytes, pteridophytes and some algae. Antheridium encloses a mass of cells that give rise to male gametes. Generally, antheridium, remain enclosed by a jacket of sterile cells.
Q8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples
(3) archegonium
Answer:
Archegonium- It is female sex organ found in bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Based on the presence of archegonium, these three groups are referred to as archegoniate. It generally possesses a swollen venter and a tubular neck. The venter possesses ventral canal cells and neck contains neck canal cells. Archegonium also contains the female gamete which is called egg.
Q8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples
(4) diplontic
Answer:
Diplontic- This is a term utilised for depicting the life cycle of angiosperms and gymnosperms. In this type of life cycle, the plant body is represented by a diploid plant i.e. sporophyte. It bears sex organs that produce male and female gamete. The gametophyte is of reduced type and it is dependent on the sporophyte. The male and female gametes fuse and form zygote which develops on the diploid plant.
Q 8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples
(5) sporophyll
Answer:
Sporophylls- These refer to leaf-like appendages bearing sporangia in pteridophytes, gymnosperms etc. Sporophylls can be either microsporophylls or megasporophylls and respectively they can form either microsporangia or megasporangia.
Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Exercise Solutions
Q8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples
(6) isogamy
Answer:
Isogamy- It refers to the process of fertilisation of two gametes which are exactly similar to each other in morphology, physiology, anatomy etc. Such gametes are called isogametes.
Solutions for NCERT lass 11 biology chapter 3 plant kingdom:
Q9. Differentiate between the following:-
(i) red algae and brown algae
Answer:
Differences between red algae and brown algae are as follows:
Red algae | Brown algae |
Red algae possess chlorophyll a, d and phycoerythrin | Brown algae consist of chlorophyll a, c and fucoxanthin |
They contain floridean starch as reserve food material | Brown algae contain laminarin and mannitol as reserve food material |
Cell walls are composed of cellulose, pectin and phycocolloids | The cell wall is composed of cellulose and algin |
Red algae due to the presence of red pigment phycoerythrin, are grouped under Rhodophyceae | Brown algae due to the presence of fucoxanthin a brown pigment is grouped under Phaeophyceae |
Q9. Differentiate between the following:- (ii) liverworts and moss
Answer:
Differences between liverworts and mosses are as follows
Liverworts | Mosses |
Sporophyte has very little photosynthetic tissue, so it is completely parasitic on the gametophyte | Sporophyte contains more photosynthetic tissue |
Scales often present | Scales are mostly absent |
Gemma cups are present for vegetative reproduction in some liverworts | Gemma cups are mostly absent |
Rhizoids are unicellular | Rhizoids are multicellular |
The gametophyte is thalloid with dichotomous branching | The gametophyte is leafy, branching is lateral |
Q9. Differentiate between the following:- (iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte
Answer:
Homosporous pteridophytes | Heterosporous pteridophytes |
These pteridophytes produce only a single type of spores, hence are called homosporous pteridophytes | These pteridophytes produce two types of spores i.e. microspores and megaspores. Hence, they are called heterosporous pteridophytes |
The produce only a single gametophyte which is bisexual. | They further form two types of gametophytes i.e microgametophytes and megagametophytes. |
Q9. Differentiate between the following:- (iv) syngamy and triple fusion
Answer:
The differences between syngamy and triple fusion are as follows:
Syngamy | Triple fusion |
It refers to the fusion of male gamete with female gamete i.e egg cell in angiosperms is called syngamy | It refers to the fusion of second male gamete with the 2 polar nuclei of the central cell. Since, in this fusion, 2 polar nuclei and one sperm nuclei fuse, its called triple fusion |
The end product is zygote which is a diploid structure | The end product is the primary endosperm nuclei which are triploid. |
Q10. How would you distinguish monocots from dicots?
Answer:
Differences between monocots and dicots are as follows:
Monocots | Dicots |
Monocots possess seeds with a single cotyledon | Dicots bear seeds with two cotyledons |
Monocots possess isobilateral leaves | Dicots possess dorsiventral leaves |
The flowers of monocots are generally trimerous i.e. the number of sepals, petals, stamens and pistil is in the multiples of three in these plants | The flowers of dicots are pentamerous i.e. the number of sepals, petals, stamens and pistils are in the multiples of five in these plants. |
They have fibrous roots | They have tap roots |
Cambium is absent in these plants | Cambium is present in these plants |
NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3 plant kingdom:
Q11. Match the following (column I with column II)
Column I Column II
(a) Chlamydomonas (i) Moss
(b) Cycas (ii) Pteridophyte
(c) Selaginella (iii) Algae
(d) Sphagnum (iv) Gymnosperm
Answer:
Correct matching is (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
Column I Column II
(a) Chlamydomonas (iii) Algae
(b) Cycas (iv) Gymnosperm
(c) Selaginella (ii) Pteridophyte
(d) Sphagnum (i) Moss
Q12. Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms.
Answer:
Important characteristics of gymnosperms
1. Gymnosperms are seed plants in which the seeds remain exposed over the surface of megasporophylls.
2. Gymnosperms are represented by 900 living species.
3. Gymnosperms are perennial and woody plants (either trees or bushes). The xylem of gymnosperms does not possess vessels except in Gnetum. Phloem is without companion cells and sieve tubes.
4. Two types of sporophylls occur in gymnosperms. These are microsporophylls and megasporophylls. The microsporophylls aggregate to form male strobili or cone while megasporophylls aggregate to form female strobili or cone. Microsporangia and megasporangia are borne on microsporophylls and megasporophylls respectively.
4. Microsporangia give rise to microspores or pollen grains whereas megasporangia forms megaspores. The male and female gametophytes are formed within micropores and megaspores.
5. Female gametophyte contains archegonia. The male gametophyte produces only two male gametes or sperms.
6. The pollination is direct and is accomplishes by wind i.e. anemophily. A pollen tube is formed in gymnosperms. it is called as siphonogamy.
7. Seeds contain endosperm.
3.1 Algae
3.1.1 Chlorophyceae
3.1.2 Phaeophyceae
3.1.3 Rhodophyceae
3.2 Bryophytes
3.2.1 Liverworts
3.2.2 Mosses
3.3 Pteridophytes
3.4 Gymnosperms
3.5 Angiosperms
3.6 Plant Life Cycles and Alternation of Generations
Highlights for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom NCERT Solutions are given below:
Chapter 1 | The Living World |
Chapter 2 | Biological Classification |
Chapter 3 | Plant Kingdom |
Chapter 4 | Animal Kingdom |
Chapter 5 | Morphology of Flowering Plants |
Chapter 6 | Anatomy of Flowering Plants |
Chapter 7 | Structural Organisation in Animals |
Chapter 8 | Cell: The Unit of Life |
Chapter 9 | Biomolecules |
Chapter 10 | Cell Cycle and Cell Division |
Chapter 11 | Transport in Plants |
Chapter 12 | Mineral Nutrition |
Chapter 13 | Photosynthesis in Higher Plants |
Chapter 14 | Respiration in Plants |
Chapter 15 | Plant Growth and Development |
Chapter 16 | Digestion and Absorption |
Chapter 17 | Breathing and Exchange of Gases |
Chapter 18 | Body Fluids and Circulation |
Chapter 19 | Excretory Products and their Elimination |
Chapter 20 | Locomotion and Movement |
Chapter 21 | Neural Control and Coordination |
Chapter 22 | Chemical Coordination and Integration |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry |
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics |
If you are unable to determine these questions or are facing any problem understanding Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Question Answers, then go through the book again, try to solve all the given questions by yourself, and then match them from the CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom, as it will help you to prepare not only for the 12th board exam but also for other competitive exams like NEET.
The benefits of NCERT solutions for biology class 11 are:
The important topics of NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3 are:
The economic importance of algae given in plant kingdom class 11 ncert are:
1. Green algae such as Ulva, Caulerpa, Enteromorpha, Chlorella, etc are used as food rich in lipid, protein, vitamins, minerals etc.
2. Chlorella and Caulerpa are used to obtain antibiotics also.
3. A number of green algae such as Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Scenedesmus, etc are used in sewage oxidation tanks.
The economic importance of gymnosperms given in plant kingdom ncert are:
1. The seeds of Pinus gerardiana are roasted and eaten.
2. The softwood of gymnosperms is used in the construction of furniture, plywood, packing cases, match sticks, railway sleepers etc.
3. The wood from Picea, Pinus, Larix and Abies is used in the manufacture of paper.
4. Pine needles are used to make fibre boards.
5. Resins containing terpenes, resin acids and esters can be obtained from gymnosperms. Resins are used in waterproofing, sealing joints etc.
Heterospory is the process by which a single plant produces two different types of spores. The significance of heterospory as it is discussed in Chapter 3 of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology is as follows:
1. Heterospory is what drives the development of seeds in angiosperms and gymnosperms.
2. Heterospory plays a key role in the distinction between male and female gametophytes.
By using NCERT Solutions, students can better understand these ideas. The solutions are created by the knowledgeable faculty with the intention of assisting students in performing well on the Class 11 term - I exam without anxiety.
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