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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom

Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Sep 04, 2023 09:58 PM IST

Plant Kingdom NCERT | Class 11 Bio Ch 3 NCERT Solutions PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom: In Plant Kingdom Class 11 NCERT, you are going to study all about those categories that come under the plant kingdom. It includes algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Solutions for NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom will help you understand the concepts easily. Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic, and largely aquatic organisms. Algae usually reproduce vegetatively by fragmentation, asexually by the formation of different types of spores, and sexually by the formation of gametes, which may show isogamy, anisogamy, or oogamy. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom carry all the answers that are asked in the NCERT book. Bryophytes are plants that can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction. You will learn that the bryophytes are divided into liverworts and mosses. If you are looking for an answer from any other chapter, even from any other class, then go with NCERT Solutions, there you will get all the answers to NCERT easily.

Plant kingdom NCERT Solutions tell you about gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms are plants in which ovules are not enclosed by an ovary wall. After fertilization, the seeds remain exposed, and therefore these plants are called naked-seeded plants. The NCERT Solutions for Class 11 are updated according to the latest CBSE syllabus. In Plant Kingdom Class 11 NCERT Solutions, you will get the solutions to those questions that are asked about the concept of fertilization. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology provide detailed solutions for each chapter of NCERT Class 11 Biology. To aid students in their preparation for their first board exam, experts with years of experience in the field created the Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Question Answers.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 - Plant Kingdom (Solved Exercise Questions)

The detailed Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Exercise Solutions were prepared by the Biology experts.

Q1. What is the basis of classification of algae?

Answer:

Algae are chlorophyll-containing thallus-bearing plants characterised by the absence of embryo stage. A variety of algae are found in a variety of habitats. The various types of algae are classified on the basis of their pigments, flagellation and the reserve food material. Based on these criteria, algae are of three types i.e. red algae, brown algae and green algae.

Feature Chlorophyceae Phaeophyceae Rhodophyceae
Pigment Chlorophyll a and b Chlorophyll a, c and fucoxanthin Chlorophyll a, b and phycoerythrine
Reserve food material Starch Mannitol and laminarin Floridean starch
Cell wall composition Cellulose Cellulose and algin Cellulose and pectin
Flagella 2-8, equal and apical 2, unequal and lateral Absent

Q2. When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm and an angiosperm?

Answer:

In the life cycle of a liverwort reduction division take place in the capsule for the formation of haploid spores that will grow into gametophytic thallus after germination. In mosses, the gametes fertilise and a zygote is formed. The zygote develops into the sporophyte. In the capsule of the sporophyte, reduction division takes place and haploid spores are formed which on germination give rise to gametophytic thallus. In ferns, reduction division takes place in the sporangia present on leaves for the production of spores. Gymnosperms, which have sporophytic plant body show reduction division in their microsporangia and megasporangia for the formation of microspores and megaspores. In the case of angiosperms, the main plant body is diploid and reduction division occurs for the formation of gametes. Therefore, in the life cycle of an angiosperm, reduction division takes place in the anther and ovary at the time of microspore and megaspore formation respectively.

Q4. Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a ferm; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot, ovum of a liverwort, and zygote of a fern.

Answer:

Tissue Ploidy
Protonemal cell of a moss; Haploid
Primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, Triploid
Leaf cell of a moss Haploid
Prothallus cell of a fern Haploid
Gemma cell in Marchantia; Haploid
Meristem cell of monocot Diploid
Ovum of a liverwort Haploid
Zygote of a fern Diploid


Q5. Write a note on economic importance of algae and gymnosperms.

Answer:

Economic importance of algae

1. Green algae such as Ulva, Caulerpa, Enteromorpha, Chlorella etc are used as food rich in lipid, protein, vitamins, minerals etc.

2. Chlorella and Caulerpa are used to obtain antibiotics also.

3. A number of green algae such as Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Scenedesmus etc are used in sewage oxidation tanks.

Economic importance of Gymnosperms

1. The seeds of Pinus gerardiana are roasted and eaten.

2. The softwood of gymnosperms is used in the construction of furniture, plywood, packing cases, match sticks, railway sleepers etc.

3. The wood from Picea, Pinus, Larix and Abies is used in the manufacture of paper.

4. Pine needles are used to make fibre boards.

5. Resins containing terpenes, resin acids and esters can be obtained from gymnosperms. Resins are used in waterproofing, sealing joints etc.

6. A drug called ephedrine is extracted from Ephedra which is a gymnosperm. This drug is useful in respiratory ailments such as asthma.

Q6. Both gymnosperms and angiosperms bear seeds, then why are they classified separately?

Answer:

Both gymnosperms and angiosperms come under the group spermatophyta or seed-bearing plants. However, angiosperms and gymnosperms are classified separately in spermatophyta because gymnosperms possess naked seeds i.e. their seeds are not enclosed in ovary whereas angiosperms possess seeds that are enclosed in the ovary.

Q7. What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples.

Answer:

Heterospory- It refers to the existence of two types of meiospores i.e. microspores and megaspores in a single plant. These microspores and megaspores are formed respectively within microsporangia and megasporangia which in turn are borne on two distinct sporophylls called microsporophylls and megasporophylls respectively. The microspores and megaspores upon germination give rise to male and female gametophyte respectively. The megaspore is retained in megasporangia and it ensures proper development of the zygote. which is formed after the fusion of microgametes with the megagametes. The zygote is retained on the plant and it is considered to be a precursor of seed habit.

Significance of heterospory- Heterospory is considered to be an important step in evolution as it is a precursor of seed habit which is seen in higher plants. Heterospory was first observed in pteridophyte Selaginella and Salvinia .

NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3 plant kingdom:

Q8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:-

(1) protonema

Answer:

Protonema- It refers to the creeping, green, branched, often filamentous structure which is formed directly after the germination of moss spore. It represents the first stage in the life cycle of moss. Protonema is short-lived and it grows prostrate on the surface. Protonema bears rhizoids for the absorption of materials.

Q8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples

(2) antheridium

Answer:

Antheridium- It is the male sex organ found in bryophytes, pteridophytes and some algae. Antheridium encloses a mass of cells that give rise to male gametes. Generally, antheridium, remain enclosed by a jacket of sterile cells.

Q8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples

(3) archegonium

Answer:

Archegonium- It is female sex organ found in bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Based on the presence of archegonium, these three groups are referred to as archegoniate. It generally possesses a swollen venter and a tubular neck. The venter possesses ventral canal cells and neck contains neck canal cells. Archegonium also contains the female gamete which is called egg.

Q8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples

(4) diplontic

Answer:

Diplontic- This is a term utilised for depicting the life cycle of angiosperms and gymnosperms. In this type of life cycle, the plant body is represented by a diploid plant i.e. sporophyte. It bears sex organs that produce male and female gamete. The gametophyte is of reduced type and it is dependent on the sporophyte. The male and female gametes fuse and form zygote which develops on the diploid plant.

Q 8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples

(5) sporophyll

Answer:

Sporophylls- These refer to leaf-like appendages bearing sporangia in pteridophytes, gymnosperms etc. Sporophylls can be either microsporophylls or megasporophylls and respectively they can form either microsporangia or megasporangia.


Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Exercise Solutions

Q8. Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples

(6) isogamy

Answer:

Isogamy- It refers to the process of fertilisation of two gametes which are exactly similar to each other in morphology, physiology, anatomy etc. Such gametes are called isogametes.

Solutions for NCERT lass 11 biology chapter 3 plant kingdom:

Q9. Differentiate between the following:-

(i) red algae and brown algae

Answer:

Differences between red algae and brown algae are as follows:

Red algae Brown algae
Red algae possess chlorophyll a, d and phycoerythrin Brown algae consist of chlorophyll a, c and fucoxanthin
They contain floridean starch as reserve food material Brown algae contain laminarin and mannitol as reserve food material
Cell walls are composed of cellulose, pectin and phycocolloids The cell wall is composed of cellulose and algin
Red algae due to the presence of red pigment phycoerythrin, are grouped under Rhodophyceae Brown algae due to the presence of fucoxanthin a brown pigment is grouped under Phaeophyceae

Q9. Differentiate between the following:- (ii) liverworts and moss

Answer:

Differences between liverworts and mosses are as follows

Liverworts Mosses
Sporophyte has very little photosynthetic tissue, so it is completely parasitic on the gametophyte Sporophyte contains more photosynthetic tissue
Scales often present Scales are mostly absent
Gemma cups are present for vegetative reproduction in some liverworts Gemma cups are mostly absent
Rhizoids are unicellular Rhizoids are multicellular
The gametophyte is thalloid with dichotomous branching The gametophyte is leafy, branching is lateral

Q9. Differentiate between the following:- (iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte

Answer:

Homosporous pteridophytes Heterosporous pteridophytes
These pteridophytes produce only a single type of spores, hence are called homosporous pteridophytes These pteridophytes produce two types of spores i.e. microspores and megaspores. Hence, they are called heterosporous pteridophytes
The produce only a single gametophyte which is bisexual. They further form two types of gametophytes i.e microgametophytes and megagametophytes.

Q9. Differentiate between the following:- (iv) syngamy and triple fusion

Answer:

The differences between syngamy and triple fusion are as follows:

Syngamy Triple fusion
It refers to the fusion of male gamete with female gamete i.e egg cell in angiosperms is called syngamy It refers to the fusion of second male gamete with the 2 polar nuclei of the central cell. Since, in this fusion, 2 polar nuclei and one sperm nuclei fuse, its called triple fusion
The end product is zygote which is a diploid structure The end product is the primary endosperm nuclei which are triploid.


Q10. How would you distinguish monocots from dicots?

Answer:

Differences between monocots and dicots are as follows:

Monocots Dicots
Monocots possess seeds with a single cotyledon Dicots bear seeds with two cotyledons
Monocots possess isobilateral leaves Dicots possess dorsiventral leaves
The flowers of monocots are generally trimerous i.e. the number of sepals, petals, stamens and pistil is in the multiples of three in these plants The flowers of dicots are pentamerous i.e. the number of sepals, petals, stamens and pistils are in the multiples of five in these plants.
They have fibrous roots They have tap roots
Cambium is absent in these plants Cambium is present in these plants


NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3 plant kingdom:

Q11. Match the following (column I with column II)
Column I Column II
(a) Chlamydomonas (i) Moss
(b) Cycas (ii) Pteridophyte
(c) Selaginella (iii) Algae
(d) Sphagnum (iv) Gymnosperm

Answer:

Correct matching is (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

Column I Column II
(a) Chlamydomonas (iii) Algae
(b) Cycas (iv) Gymnosperm
(c) Selaginella (ii) Pteridophyte
(d) Sphagnum (i) Moss

Q12. Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms.

Answer:

Important characteristics of gymnosperms

1. Gymnosperms are seed plants in which the seeds remain exposed over the surface of megasporophylls.

2. Gymnosperms are represented by 900 living species.

3. Gymnosperms are perennial and woody plants (either trees or bushes). The xylem of gymnosperms does not possess vessels except in Gnetum. Phloem is without companion cells and sieve tubes.

4. Two types of sporophylls occur in gymnosperms. These are microsporophylls and megasporophylls. The microsporophylls aggregate to form male strobili or cone while megasporophylls aggregate to form female strobili or cone. Microsporangia and megasporangia are borne on microsporophylls and megasporophylls respectively.

4. Microsporangia give rise to microspores or pollen grains whereas megasporangia forms megaspores. The male and female gametophytes are formed within micropores and megaspores.

5. Female gametophyte contains archegonia. The male gametophyte produces only two male gametes or sperms.

6. The pollination is direct and is accomplishes by wind i.e. anemophily. A pollen tube is formed in gymnosperms. it is called as siphonogamy.

7. Seeds contain endosperm.

Important Topics of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 - Plant Kingdom:

3.1 Algae

3.1.1 Chlorophyceae

3.1.2 Phaeophyceae

3.1.3 Rhodophyceae

3.2 Bryophytes

3.2.1 Liverworts

3.2.2 Mosses

3.3 Pteridophytes

3.4 Gymnosperms

3.5 Angiosperms

3.6 Plant Life Cycles and Alternation of Generations

Highlights of NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 - Plant Kingdom

Highlights for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom NCERT Solutions are given below:

  • The solution given for Plant Kingdom NCERT is written in the best possible way, using simple language that makes solutions easier to read and understand.
  • In the Plant Kingdom Class 11 NCERT pdf, points are used to frame answers to help students understand them quickly.
  • Class 11 Bio Ch 3 NCERT Solutions are derived from the textbook by the subject expert.
  • Plant Kingdom Class 11 NCERT solutions are as per the latest CBSE Syllabus and guidelines.
  • Class 11 Plant Kingdom NCERT Solutions PDF links are readily available and easily accessible for free.
  • Important topics are listed in the Plant Kingdom NCERT pdf.
  • Plant Kingdom Class 11 NCERT is a great resource for information.
  • Chapter 3 Biology Class 11 NCERT Solutions will also help you prepare for your competitive exams like NEET.
  • Ch 3 Bio Class 11 will also boost your knowledge and interest in biology.
  • NCERT is the base of your learning and Plant Kingdom Class 11 questions and answers are easy to access.
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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom

If you are unable to determine these questions or are facing any problem understanding Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Question Answers, then go through the book again, try to solve all the given questions by yourself, and then match them from the CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 3 Plant Kingdom, as it will help you to prepare not only for the 12th board exam but also for other competitive exams like NEET.

Also check the NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here :

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the benefits of NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3?

The benefits of NCERT solutions for biology class 11 are:

  • NCERT of biology class 11 is the base of your learning.  
  • You will get all the answers to the plant kingdom ncert and it will help you to score good marks in the exam.  
  • NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3  will also help you with competitive exams like NEET.  
  • NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3 will also help you in your 12th board exam.  
  • Plant kingdom class 11 ncert solutions will also boost your knowledge.
  • To score well in the examination, follow the NCERT syllabus and solve the exercise given in the NCERT Book. To practice more problems, students must refer to NCERT Exemplar.
2. What are the important topics of NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3?

The important topics of NCERT solutions for class 11 biology chapter 3 are:

  • Algae
  • Chlorophyceae  
  • Phaeophyceae  
  • Rhodophyceae  
  • Bryophytes  
  • Liverworts  
  • Mosses  
  • Pteridophytes  
  • Gymnosperms  
  • Angiosperms  
  • Plant Life Cycles 
  • Alternation of Generations
3. What are the economic importance of algae from the NCERT class 11 plant kingdom?

The economic importance of algae given in plant kingdom class 11 ncert are: 

1. Green algae such as  Ulva, Caulerpa, Enteromorpha, Chlorella, etc are used as food rich in lipid, protein, vitamins, minerals etc.  

  2.  Chlorella and Caulerpa are used to obtain antibiotics also.  

  3. A number of green algae such as  Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Scenedesmus, etc are used in sewage oxidation tanks.  

  

4. What are the economic importance of gymnosperms given in plant kingdom class 11 ncert pdf?

 The economic importance of gymnosperms given in plant kingdom ncert are:  

 1. The seeds of Pinus gerardiana are roasted and eaten.  

  2. The softwood of gymnosperms is used in the construction of furniture, plywood, packing cases, match sticks, railway sleepers etc.  

  3. The wood from  Picea, Pinus, Larix and  Abies is used in the manufacture of paper.  

  4. Pine needles are used to make fibre boards.  

  5. Resins containing terpenes, resin acids and esters can be obtained from gymnosperms. Resins are used in waterproofing, sealing joints etc.

5. What is the significance of heterospory, as discussed in Chapter 3 of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology?

Heterospory is the process by which a single plant produces two different types of spores. The significance of heterospory as it is discussed in Chapter 3 of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology is as follows:

1. Heterospory is what drives the development of seeds in angiosperms and gymnosperms.

2. Heterospory plays a key role in the distinction between male and female gametophytes.

By using NCERT Solutions, students can better understand these ideas. The solutions are created by the knowledgeable faculty with the intention of assisting students in performing well on the Class 11 term - I exam without anxiety.

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A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

Option 2)

0.16\; J

Option 3)

1.00\; J

Option 4)

0.67\; J

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg

Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

Option 4)

12.89×10−3 kg

 

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1)

2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

Option 2)

200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

Option 3)

2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

Option 4)

20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

Option 2)

\; K\;

Option 3)

zero\;

Option 4)

K/4

In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

Option 2)

6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

Option 3)

33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

Option 4)

67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1)

0.02

Option 2)

3.125 × 10-2

Option 3)

1.25 × 10-2

Option 4)

2.5 × 10-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

Option 2)

increase two fold

Option 3)

remain unchanged

Option 4)

be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1)

Molality

Option 2)

Weight fraction of solute

Option 3)

Fraction of solute present in water

Option 4)

Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

Option 1)

twice that in 60 g carbon

Option 2)

6.023 × 1022

Option 3)

half that in 8 g He

Option 4)

558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

Option 2)

more than 3 but less than 6

Option 3)

more than 6 but less than 9

Option 4)

more than 9

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