Careers360 Logo
Scan and Download the App!
Search Faster,
Smarter, Better
Rated 4.2
by 1M+ students
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 5 States of Matter

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 5 States of Matter

Edited By Shivani Poonia | Updated on Jun 30, 2025 12:25 PM IST

The chapter States of Matter tells you the fundamental principles that govern the different physical forms in which matter exists—solids, liquids, and gases. The topics like intermolecular forces, kinetic molecular theory, gas laws (Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Avogadro’s law, and Gay-Lussac’s law), and the ideal gas equation are all covered in this chapter. The chapter will help students understand the behavior of substances under various conditions of temperature and pressure, which will provide a strong foundation for advanced concepts in chemistry.

JEE Main Scholarship Test Kit (Class 11): Narayana | Physics WallahAakash Unacademy

NEET Scholarship Test Kit (Class 11): Narayana | Physics Wallah Aakash | ALLEN

This Story also Contains
  1. NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: MCQ (Type 1)
  2. NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: MCQ (Type 2)
  3. NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Short Answer Type
  4. NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Matching Type
  5. NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Assertion and Reason Type
  6. NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Long Answer Type
  7. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions
  8. Approach to Solve Questions of Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5
  9. Topics and Subtopics Covered in the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5
  10. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Important Formulas
  11. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Learning Outcomes
  12. NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter-Wise
  13. NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Subject-Wise
  14. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter-wise
  15. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Subject-Wise
  16. NCERT Notes Subject-Wise
  17. NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 5 States of Matter
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 5 States of Matter

The NCERT Exemplar Solutions of Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5 provides detailed and step-by-step solutions to every question that is listed in the exemplar exercise. Students also learn about the deviations from ideal gas behavior, the concept of real gases, and the significance of the van der Waals equation. These NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry also explain several important concepts associated with the liquid and gaseous states of matter. This article also includes some higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) questions that are beyond memorization and promote conceptual understanding, improve analytical thinking, enhance application skills, and build confidence in chemistry.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: MCQ (Type 1)


All the MCQ (type 1) questions with solutions are given below:

Question 1. A person living in Shimla observed that cooking food without using pressure cooker takes more time. The reason for this observation is that at high altitude:
(i) pressure increases
(ii) temperature decreases
(iii) pressure decreases
(iv) temperature increases
Answer:

The answer is option (iii), pressure decreases.
Explanation: Due to low pressure at high altitudes, boiling takes place at low temperature.

Question 2. Which of the following property of water can be used to explain the spherical the shape of rain droplets?
(i) viscosity
(ii) surface tension
(iii) critical phenomena
(iv) pressure
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii) surface tension.
Explanation: We know that for a given volume, a sphere has a lower state of energy and minimum surface area. Hence, the raindrops are spherical.

Question 3. A plot of volume (V ) versus temperature (T ) for a gas at constant pressure is a straight line passing through the origin. The plots at different values of pressure are shown in Fig. 5.1. Which of the following order of pressure is correct for this gas?
q3-image
(i) p1 > p2 > p3 > p4
(ii) p1 = p2 = p3 = p4
(iii) p1 < p2 < p3 < p4
(iv) p1 < p2 = p3 < p4
Answer:

The answer is the option (iii) p1<p2<p3<p4
Explanation: ……… (PV = constant, at constant temperature)
Hence, if V1=V2=V3=V4,
Then, P1=P2=P3=P4,

Question 4. The interaction energy of London force is inversely proportional to sixth power of the distance between two interacting particles but their magnitude depends upon
(i) charge of interacting particles
(ii) mass of interacting particles
(iii) polarizability of interacting particles
(iv) strength of permanent dipoles in the particles.
Answer:

The answer is the option (iii) polarizability of interacting particles
Explanation: Because, if the magnitude of interaction energy will be greater, then the polarizability of the interacting particles will also be greater.

Question 5. Dipole-dipole forces act between the molecules possessing permanent dipole. Ends of dipoles possess ‘partial charges’. The partial charge is
(i) more than unit electronic charge
(ii) equal to unit electronic charge
(iii) less than unit electronic charge
(iv) double the unit electronic charge
Answer:

The answer is the option (iii) less than unit electronic charge
Explanation: The unit charge is always greater than partial charges.

Question 6. The pressure of a 1:4 mixture of dihydrogen and dioxygen enclosed in a vessel is one atmosphere. What would be the partial pressure of dioxygen?
(i) 0.8×105atm
(ii) 0.008Nm2
(iii) 8×104Nm2
(iv) 0.25atm

Answer:

We know that,
The partial pressure of O2 = Mole fraction of O2 × total pressure of the mixture
=45×1atm=0.8atm
=0.8×105Nm2=8×104Nm2
Hence opiton (iii) is correct

Question 7. As the temperature increases, average kinetic energy of molecules increases. What would be the effect of increase of temperature on pressure provided the volume is constant?
(i) increases
(ii) decreases
(iii) remains same
(iv) becomes half
Answer:

The answer is the option (i) increases
Explanation: Kinetic energy of molecules α temperature
Therefore, according to Gay Lussac's law, at constant volume, temperature as well as pressure both increases.

Question 9. What is SI unit of viscosity coefficient (η)?
(i) Pascal
(ii) Nsm–2
(iii) Km–2 s
(iv) N m–2
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii) Nsm-2

Question 10. Atmospheric pressures recorded in different cities are as follows:

Cities

Shimla

Bengaluru

Delhi

Mumbai

P in N/m2

1.01 x 105

1.2 x 105

1.02 x 105

1.21 x 105

Consider the above data and mark the place at which liquid will boil first.
(i) Shimla
(ii) Bangalore
(iii) Delhi
(iv) Mumbai
Answer:

The answer is the option (i) Shimla
Explanation: Boiling point of liquid α atmospheric pressure. Shimla has the lowest atmospheric pressure; hence, the liquid will boil first in Shimla.

Question 11. Which curve in Fig. 5.2 represents the curve of ideal gas?
q11-image

(i) B only
(ii) C and D only
(iii) E and F only
(iv) A and B only
Answer:

The answer is the option (i) B only
Explanation: Since we know that PV is constant at all temperatures for an ideal gas, hence the curve B.

Question 12. Increase in kinetic energy can overcome intermolecular forces of attraction. How will the viscosity of liquid be affected by the increase in temperature?
(i) Increase
(ii) No effect
(iii) Decrease
(iv) No regular pattern will be followed
Answer:

The answer is the option (iii) Decrease
Explanation: Since kinetic energy increases with temperature, it can overcome intermolecular forces, and liquid starts flowing; hence the viscosity decreases.

Question 13. How does the surface tension of a liquid vary with increase in temperature?
(i) Remains same
(ii) Decreases
(iii) Increases
(iv) No regular pattern is followed
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii) Decreases
Explanation: We know that, Surface tension α 1/temperature & kinetic energy α temperature, hence the intermolecular attraction decreases.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: MCQ (Type 2)

All the MCQ (type 2) questions with solutions are given below:

Question 14. With regard to the gaseous state of matter which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Complete order of molecules
(ii) Complete disorder of molecules
(iii) Random motion of molecules
(iv) Fixed position of molecules
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii) Complete disorder of molecules, (iii) Random motion of molecules
Explanation: Entropy of gases is very high; hence, molecules are in random motion and disorderly arranged.

Question 15. Which of the following figures does not represent 1 mole of dioxygen gas at STP?
(i) 16 grams of gas
(ii) 22.7 litres of gas
(iii) 6.022 × 1023 dioxygen molecules
(iv) 11.2 litres of gas
Answer:

The answer is the option (i) 16 grams of gas, (iv) 11.2 litres of gas
Explanation: 1 mole of O2 has 6.023 × 1023 molecules of O2, & at STP it occupies 22.4-litre volume and has a molar mass of 32g.

Question 16. Under which of the following two conditions applied together, a gas deviates most from the ideal behaviour?
(i) Low pressure
(ii) High pressure
(iii) Low temperature
(iv) High temperature
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii) High pressure, (iii) Low temperature
Explanation: =Gases deviate from PV=nRT under high pressure and low temperature, these are real gases, and it deviates from ideal behaviour.

Question 17. Which of the following changes decrease the vapour pressure of water kept in a sealed vessel?
(i) Decreasing the quantity of water
(ii) Adding salt to water
(iii) Decreasing the volume of the vessel to one-half
(iv) Decreasing the temperature of water
Answer:

The answer is the option (ii) Adding salt to the water, (iv) Decreasing the temperature of the water
Explanation: Adding salt to water decreases the surface area for a water molecule to vaporize, and hence vapour pressure of water also decreases.
Now, vapour pressure α temperature, hence, option (iv).

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Short Answer Type

All the short-answer type questions with solutions are given below:

Question 18. If 1 gram of each of the following gases are taken at STP, which of the gases will occupy (a) greatest volume and (b) smallest volume? CO,H2O,CH4,NO.
Answer:

According to Avogadro's law, we know that at STP, Volume of
1 mole gas = 22.4 L
1g CO = 22.4/28g L
1g H2O = 22.4/18g L
1g CH4 = 22.4/16g L
1g NO = 22.4/30g L
Therefore,
(a) 1g CH4 will occupy maximum volume &
(b) 1g NO will occupy the minimum volume

Question 19. Physical properties of ice, water and steam are very different. What is the chemical composition of water in all the three states.
Answer:

The molecular arrangement of water is different in the solid, liquid and gaseous state; however, the chemical composition is the same in all the states.

Question 20. The behaviour of matter in different states is governed by various physical laws. According to you what are the factors that determine the state of matter?
Answer:

The factors that determine the different states of matter are volume, mass, temperature and pressure.
q-20-image

Question 21. Use the information and data given below to answer the questions (a) to (c):

  • Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling point.

  • Strength of London forces increases with the number of electrons in the molecule.

  • Boiling point of HF, HCl, HBr and HI are 293 K, 189 K, 206 K and 238 K respectively.

(a) Which type of intermolecular forces are present in the molecules HF, HCl, HBr and HI?
(b) Looking at the trend of boiling points of HCl, HBr and HI, explain out of dipole-dipole interaction and London interaction, which one is predominant here.
(c) Why is boiling point of hydrogen fluoride highest while that of hydrogen chloride lowest?

Answer:

(a) Dipole-dipole are present in HCl, HBr, HI and HF; but, in HF along with these Intermolecular hydrogen bonding is also present.
(b)Dipole moment decreases from HCl to HI due to decrease in electronegativity, whereas, from HCl to HI its boiling point increases, hence we can say that London forces are predominant here.
(c) HF has hydrogen bonding as well as the highest electronegativity; hence it has the highest dipole moment as well as the highest boiling point.

Question 22. What will be the molar volume of nitrogen and argon at 273.15K and 1 atm?
Answer:

The conditions given above are of STP where the volume occupies by q mole of gas is 22.4 L. Hence, the volume of N2 and argon, here, will be 22.4 L.

Question 23. A gas that follows Boyle’s law, Charles law and Avogadro’s law are called an ideal gas. Under what conditions a real gas would behave ideally?
Answer:

A real gas would behave ideal gas under low pressure and high temperature.

Question 24. Two different gases ‘A’ and ‘B’ are filled in separate containers of equal capacity under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. On increasing the pressure slightly the gas ‘A’ liquefies but gas B does not liquefy even on applying high pressure until it is cooled. Explain this phenomenon.
Answer:

This is based on the phenomenon of critical temperature; here, Gas 'A' liquefies easily, hence, it is below the critical temperature, whereas Gas' B' doesn't liquefy even on applying high pressure; hence it is above the critical temperature.

Question 25. Value of universal gas constant (R) is the same for all gases. What is its physical significance?
Answer:

The eq. of universal gas constant (R) is R = PV/nRT. Therefore, the unit of R will depend on P, V & T viz, Pa m3 K-1 mol-1 or Jmol-1K-1. Since Joule is the unit of work; therefore, R is the work done by gas mole per kelvin.

Question 26. One of the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases states that “there is no force of attraction between the molecules of a gas.” How far is this statement correct? Is it possible to liquefy an ideal gas? Explain.
Answer:

Since there are no intermolecular forces of attraction between gas molecules of an ideal gas. Hence, the above statement is correct for ideal gases.

Question 27. The magnitude of surface tension of liquid depends on the attractive forces between the molecules. Arrange the following in increasing order of surface tension : water, alcohol (C2H5OH) and hexane [CH3(CH2)4CH3]
Answer:

The molecules above are of water, alcohol, and hexane. Here water and alcohol are polar and have dipole-dipole interaction and intermolecular hydrogen bonding, whereas hexane is non-polar and has weak London dispersion forces.
H-bonding is stronger in water; hence, surface tension is also more in water than alcohol. Therefore, Hexane < Alcohol < Water.

Question 28. Pressure exerted by saturated water vapour is called aqueous tension. What correction term will you apply to the total pressure to obtain pressure of dry gas?
Answer:

Let us consider that at temperature 'T' pressure of moist gas is 'P'; then, the pressure of dry gas can be obtained by the equation:
PDrygas=PTotal - aqueous tension

Question 29. Name the energy which arises due to motion of atoms or molecules in a body. How is this energy affected when the temperature is increased?
Answer:

Thermal energy arises due to the motion of atoms or molecules in a body. It is a measure of kinetic energy. Thermal energy α temperature.

Question 30. Name two intermolecular forces that exist between HF molecules in liquid state.
Answer:

Hydrogen bond and dipole-dipole interactions are the two forces existing in HF molecules when they are in a liquid state.

Question 31. One of the assumptions of kinetic theory of gases is that there is no force of attraction between the molecules of a gas.State and explain the evidence that shows that the assumption is not applicable for real gases.
Answer:

The assumption is not applicable to real gases because they can be liquified by cooling and applying high pressure. Hence, the force of attraction exists between the molecules of real gases.

Question 32. Compressibility factor, Z, of a gas is given as Z = (pV/nRT)
(i) What is the value of Z for an ideal gas?
(ii) For real gas what will be the effect on value of Z above Boyle’s temperature?

Answer:

(i) Z is a compressibility factor. Its value for an ideal gas is Z = 1.
(ii) Real gases show positive deviation above Boyle's temperature, i.e., Z>1.

Question 33. The critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure ( pc) of CO2 are 30.98°C and 73 atm respectively. Can CO2 (g) be liquefied at 32°C and 80 atm pressure?
Answer:

It does not matter that how high temperature or high-pressure is CO2 at; it cannot be liquified above 30.98o and 73 atm. Hence, it cannot be liquified at 32o and 80 atm pressure.

Question 34. For real gases the relation between p, V and T is given by van der Waals equation:
(p+an2v2)(vnb)=nRT
where ‘a’ and ‘b’ are van der Waals constants, ‘nb’ is approximately equal to the total volume of the molecules of a gas. ‘a’ is the measure of magnitude of intermolecular attraction.
(i) Arrange the following gases in the increasing order of ‘b’. Give reason.O2,CO2,H2,He
(ii) Arrange the following gases in the decreasing order of magnitude of ‘a’. Give reason.CH4,O2,H2


Answer:

(i) We know that volume α size of the molecules. Hence, the increasing order of the value of 'b' will be:
H2<He<O2<CO2
(ii) 'a' is the Van der Waal's constant which represents the magnitude of intermolecular attraction. An α size of the electron cloud. Hence, the greater the size of the electron cloud, the greater will be the dispersion forces and polarizability of the molecule. Hence, the gases in decreasing order of the magnitude of 'a' will be: CH4>O2>H2

Question 35. The relation between pressure exerted by an ideal gas (pideal) and observed pressure (preal) is given by the equation Pideal =Preal+(an2/V2)
If pressure is taken in Nm–2, number of moles in mol and volume in m3, Calculate the unit of ‘a’.
What will be the unit of ‘a’ when pressure is in atmosphere and volume in dm3?

Answer:

It is given that Pideal=Preal+an2/V2
We know that the unit of p = Nm-2, unit of V = m3, number of moles(n) = mol
Unit of ‘a’ = Nm-2(m3)2/(mol)2 = Nm4mol-4
If we take the unit of p = atm, V = dm3 and n = mol
Then unit of ‘a’ = pV2/n2 = atm(dm3)2/(mol)2 = atm dm6mol-2.

Question 36. Name two phenomena that can be explained on the basis of surface tension.
Answer:

The two phenomena that can be explained on the basis of surface tension are-
(i) The spherical shape of liquid drops
(ii) Capillary action i.e. rise and dip of a liquid in the column of a capillary.

Question 37. Viscosity of a liquid arises due to strong intermolecular forces existing between the molecules. Stronger the intermolecular forces, greater is the viscosity. Name the intermolecular forces existing in the following liquids and arrange them in the increasing order of their viscosities. Also give reason for the assigned order in one line. Water, hexane (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3), glycerine (CH2OHCH(OH)CH2OH).
Answer:

(a) Hexane has Vander Waal force of attraction present as the intermolecular force.
(b) Water has hydrogen bonding present in the form of intermolecular forces
(c) Glycerin has hydrogen bonding present as the intermolecular force
Hexane < water < glycerine
The reason behind this order is that in hexane, weak bonding forces exist; therefore, it has the least viscosity, whereas, in water and glycerine dipole-dipole interaction and extensive H-bonding are present. Glycerine has the strongest intermolecular forces. Therefore, the order of viscosity is-

Question 38. Explain the effect of increasing the temperature of a liquid, on intermolecular forces operating between its particles, what will happen to the viscosity of a liquid if its temperature is increased?
Answer:

When there is an increase in the temperature, the intermolecular force which operates between the particle reduces, subsequently the strength of the bond increases along with the kinetic energy. Thus, when there is an increase in the temperature, there is a reduction in the viscosity. This is a result of the fact that viscosity decreases when there is reduction in the intermolecular forces.

Question 39. The variation of pressure with the volume of the gas at different temperatures can be graphically represented as shown in Fig. 5.3. Based on this graph answer the following questions.

1660110821933

Answer:

(i) According to Boyle's law, The pressure of gas α 1/volume of gas, at a constant temperature.
Therefore, if volume decreases at a constant temperature, then the pressure increases and vice versa. For example, at 200K if pressure increases from p1 to p2, volume decreases from v­1 to v2(v2 < v1)
(ii) According to Charles's law, The volume of gas α temperature, at constant pressure.Therefore, if temperature decreases from 200K to 400K, at a constant temperature, the volume of gas increases.

Question 40. Pressure versus volume graph for a real gas and an ideal gas is shown in Fig. 5.4. Answer the following questions based on this graph.
q-40-image
(i) Interpret the behaviour of real gas with respect to an ideal gas at low pressure.
(ii) Interpret the behaviour of real gas with respect to an ideal gas at high pressure.
(iii)Mark the pressure and volume by drawing a line at the point where real gas behaves as an ideal gas.

Answer:

(i) Real gases show a very small deviation from ideal behaviour at low pressure because both the curves coincide with each other.
(ii) Real gases show large deviation at high pressure as the curves fall apart.
(iii)The point at which the curves intersect each other shows that the real gas behaves like an ideal gas.
q-40-image

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Matching Type

All the matching type questions with solutions are given below:

Question 41. Match the graph between the following variables with their names.

Column I (Graphs)

Column II (Names)

(i) Pressure vs temperature graph at constant molar volume.

(a) Isotherms

(ii) Pressure vs volume graph at constant temperature.

(b) Constant temperature curve

(iii) Volume vs temperature graph at constant pressure.

(c) Isochores

(d) Isobars

Answer:

(i)→(c); (ii) →(a); (iii) →(d)
Explanation:
(i) Constant molar volume graphs are called isochore.
(ii) Constant temperature graphs are called isotherm.
(iii) Constant pressure graphs are called isobar.

Question 42. Match the following gas laws with the equation representing them.

Column IColumn II
(i) Boyle’s law(a) V ∝ n at constant T and p
(ii) Charle’s law(b) pTotal = p1 + p2 + p3 +…… at constant T, V
(iii) Dalton’s law(c) PV/T = Constant
(iv) Avogadro law (e) p ∝ 1/V at constant n and T
(e) p ∝ 1/V at constant n and T

Answer:

(i) →(e); (ii) →(d); (iii) →(b); (iv) →(a)
Explanation:
(i) pressure of gas α 1/volume of gas (T constant) ….. (Boyle's law)
(ii) The volume of gas α temperature of the gas, at constant pressure …… (Charles's law)
(iii) At constant V and T, the total pressure of the gaseous mixture of two or more non-reacting gases is equal to the algebraic sum of their partial pressures ……. (Dalton's law)
(iv) Under same temperature and pressure conditions, equal volumes of all gases contain equal no. of moles. V α n. ……. (Avogadro's law)

Question 43. Match the following graphs of ideal gas with their co-ordinates :

Graphical representation x and y co-ordinates
capture-43

Answer:

(i) →(b); (ii) →(c); (iii) →(a)
Explanation:
(i) pressure of gas α 1/volume of gas (T constant)
(ii) The pressure of gas α 1/V
(iii) Product of pressure and volume is constant. PV = constant

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Assertion and Reason Type

All the assertion-reason type questions with solutions are given below:

Question 44. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of the reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): Three states of matter are the result of balance between intermolecular forces and thermal energy of the molecules.
Reason (R): Intermolecular forces tend to keep the molecules together but thermal energy of molecules tends to keep them apart.

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(iii) A is true but R is false.
(iv) A is false but R is true.
Answer:

The answer is the option (i) Both A and R are right, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Balance is required in both intermolecular forces and thermal energy to decide the state of matter.

Question 45. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of the reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): At constant temperature, pV vs V plot for real gases is not a straight line.
Reason (R) : At high pressure all gases have Z > 1 but at intermediate pressure most gases have Z < 1.

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(iii) A is true but R is false.
(iv) A is false but R is true.
Answer:

The answer is the option (i). Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

For a real gas pV vs V plot is not a straight line due to intermolecular forces and finite molecular volume.

At high pressures, repulsive forces dominate → gas occupies more volume than ideal → Z>1

At intermediate pressures, attractive forces dominate → gas compresses more → Z<1.

Question 46. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of the reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): The temperature at which vapour pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure is called boiling temperature.
Reason (R) : At high altitude atmospheric pressure is high.

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(iii) A is true but R is false.
(iv) A is false but R is true.
Answer:

The answer is the option (iii) A is true, but R is false.
Explanation: Boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to the external pressure. As the altitude is high, the pressure is low.

Question 47. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of the reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): Gases do not liquefy above their critical temperature, even on applying high pressure.
Reason (R) : Above critical temperature, the molecular speed is high and intermolecular attractions cannot hold the molecules together because they escape because of high speed.

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(iii) A is true but R is false.
(iv) A is false but R is true.
Answer:

The answer is the option (i)Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Gases do not liquefy even on applying high pressure if they are above the critical temperature as the Intermolecular forces of attraction cannot hold the molecules together, and the molecular speed is also high.

Question 48. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of the reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): At critical temperature liquid passes into gaseous state imperceptibly and continuously.
Reason (R) : The density of liquid and gaseous phase is equal to critical temperature.

(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(iii) A is true but R is false.
(iv) A is false but R is true.
Answer:

The answer is the optio (i) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Density of liquid becomes equal to its vapour phase at a critical temperature which causes the liquid to change into gaseous state imperceptibly and continuously.

Question 49. In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of the reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.
Assertion (A): Liquids tend to have maximum number of molecules at their surface.
Reason (R) : Small liquid drops have spherical shape.
(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(iii) A is true but R is false.
(iv) A is false but R is true.
Answer:

The answer is the option (iv) A is false, but R is true.
Explanation: Liquid drops have a spherical shape as they try to reduce the no. of molecules and tend to reduce surface tension at their surface.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Long Answer Type

All the long-answer type questions with solutions are given below:

Question 50. Isotherms of carbon dioxide at various temperatures are represented in Fig. 5.5. Answer the following questions based on this figure.
capture-50
(i) In which state will CO2 exist between the points a and b at temperature T1?
(ii) At what point will CO2 start liquefying when temperature is T1?
(iii) At what point will CO2 be completely liquefied when temperature is T2.
(iv) Will condensation take place when the temperature is T3.
(v) What portion of the isotherm at T1 represent liquid and gaseous CO2 at equilibrium?

Answer:

(i) Between the points, a and b, CO2 will exist in a gaseous state at temperature T1.
(ii) At point b there is phase transition, and the plot becomes linear.
(iii) At Temperature T2, CO2 will be completely liquefied at point g.
(iv) T3 > Tc. At T3 temperature, condensation will not take place.
(v) Liquid and gaseous CO2 are in equilibrium between b and c.

Question 51. The variation of vapour pressure of different liquids with temperature is shown in Fig. 5.6.
capture-51
(i) Calculate graphically boiling points of liquids A and B.
(ii) If we take liquid C in a closed vessel and heat it continuously. At what temperature will it boil?
(iii) At high altitude, atmospheric pressure is low (say 60 mm Hg). At what temperature liquid D boils?
(iv) Pressure cooker is used for cooking food at hill station. Explain in terms of vapour pressure why is it so?

Answer:

(i) Approximately, BP of A is 315K, and that of B is 345K.
(ii) As pressure is kept on increasing in the closed vessel, liquid C will not boil.
(iii) 313K is the temperature corresponding to 60 mm Hg.
(iv) Since atmospheric pressure is low at high altitude, water boils at low temperature on hills.

Question 52. Why does the boundary between liquid phase and gaseous phase disappear on heating a liquid upto critical temperature in a closed vessel? In this situation what will be the state of the substance?
Answer:

The density of the liquid and that of vapour becomes equal at a critical point due to which there is no boundary of separation left. These are called superficial fluids, and they dissolve in many organic substances.

Question 53. Why does sharp glass edge become smooth on heating it to its melting point in a flame? Explain which property of liquids is responsible for this phenomenon.
Answer:

It is possible due to the surface tension. On applying heat, the glass starts to melt and takes a rounded shape at edges having minimum surface area. This is known as the fire polishing of glass.

Question 54. Explain the term ‘laminar flow’. Is the velocity of molecules the same in all the layers in laminar flow? Explain your answer.
Answer:

Laminar flow can also be defined as the flow in which there is a regular gradation of velocity in passing from one layer to the next.
When a liquid flows over a fixed surface, it comes in contact with it. The layer of molecules in the immediate contact of the surface is stationary. As the distance of layers increases from the fixed layer, the velocity of the upper layer also increases.
capture-54

Question 55. Isotherms of carbon dioxide gas are shown in figure. Mark a path for changing gas into liquid such that only one phase (i.e. either a gas or liquid) exists at any time during the change. Explain how the temperature, volume and pressure should be changed to carry out the change.
capture-55

Answer:

In the figure above, we can increase the temperature to move from A to F vertically and can reach G by compressing the gas at constant temperature along isotherm, thus, increasing the pressure. Then by lowering the temperature, we can move vertically downwards to D. We get liquid as soon as we cross the point H on isotherm. The substances will remain in one phase if we carry out this process at a critical temperature. This is called continuity of state between the gaseous and liquid states.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions


Some higher-order thinking skills questions with solutions are given below:

Question 1. How many times does the pressure of an ideal gas inside a cubic of side l change if the side is reduced to 1/2 and the temperature is kept constant?

(i) 1.9

(ii) 1.8

(iii) 2.4

(iv) 3.6

Answer:

P=13mNu2v=23v(12mNu2)=23v(kE)

Temperature is constant, hence ( KE ) remains instant.
Volume initially of side (I)=13
Volume due to the change to (12)3=138

Thus,

P1=23kEl2,P2=23kEl3×δ

therefore, P2P1=8
Hence, the answer is option (ii).

Question 2: The diffusion coefficient of an ideal is proportional to its mean free path and mean speed. The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is increased 8 times, and its pressure 4 times. As a result, the diffusion coefficient of this gas increases A time. The value of A is -

(i) 1.4

(ii) 2.2

(iii) 3.8

(iv) 4.10

Answer:

Rate of diffusion αλUAvg

α12πσ2 N×UAvgα12πσ2 NαUAvg(KT)2nσ2P

Rate of diffuaion αT3/2p

rfinal rinital =(8)3/2(4)=2

Hence, the correct answer is option (ii).

Question 3. 0.4g of dihydrogen is made to react with 7.1g of dichlorine to form hydrogen chloride. Calculate the volume of hydrogen chloride formed at 273K and 1 bar pressure?

Answer:

The reaction occurs as follows:

H2+Cl22HCl

Now, clearly 2g of hydrogen reacts with 71g of chlorine.

Thus, 0.4g of hydrogen will react with 14.2g of chlorine.

Thus, no reactant is the limiting reagent here. Both the reactants will consume completely.

Thus, 2g of hydrogen will produce 73g of HCl.

Thus, 0.4g of hydrogen will produce 14.6g of HCl.

Now, moles of HCl produced = 7.3/73 = 0.2 moles

Now, according to the ideal gas equation, we have:

PV = nRT

Thus, V = (nRT)/P

V = (0.2 x 0.0821 x 273)/1

V = 4.54L

Hence, the answer is 4.54 L.

Approach to Solve Questions of Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5

This chapter introduces the behavior of gases and liquids and their governing laws. This chapter builds a foundation for topics like thermodynamics, equilibrium, and kinetics. Students can use the structured approach given below to comprehensively prepare the chapter.

1. Understand the basics of the chapter:

  • Intermolecular forces
  • Gas laws (Boyle's, Charles', Gay-Lussac's, Avogadro's)
  • Ideal gas equation
  • Deviation from ideal behavior
  • Real gases and the van der Waals equation
  • Liquefaction of gases
  • Properties of liquids (viscosity, surface tension, etc.)

2. Thorough Reading of NCERT Textbook:

Start by reading the NCERT textbook thoroughly. This chapter is full of laws, definitions, and derivations.
Many questions in competitive and board exams come directly from the NCERT language.
What to do while reading:

  • Underline definitions (e.g., pressure, temperature, mole fraction)
  • Make note of units (atm, Pa, mm Hg, L, mol, etc.)
  • Observe graphs (P-V, V-T, P-T relationships)

3. Focus on Conceptual Understanding: There are forces between molecules, which affect physical properties like boiling point, viscosity, and surface tension. Understand types of forces:

  • Intermolecular Forces
  • Dipole-dipole
  • London dispersion
  • Hydrogen bonding

4. How to Solve Numerical Questions:

Step-by-Step Plan:

  • Write the given values.
  • Convert everything into SI units if needed.
  • Identify the correct law or formula.
  • Make sure it's Boyle's Law? Ideal Gas Law? Dalton's Law?
  • Substitute values carefully.
  • Use the proper R value and convert temperatures to Kelvin.
  • Solve algebraically and write the final answer with units.

Topics and Subtopics Covered in the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5

All the topics and subtopics covered in the NCERT exemplar are listed below:

  • Intermolecular Forces
  • Dispersion Forces or London Forces
  • Dipole-dipole Forces
  • Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces
  • Hydrogen Bond
  • Thermal Energy
  • Intermolecular Forces Vs Thermal Interactions
  • The Gaseous State Ex
  • The Gas Laws Ex
  • Boyle’s Law (Pressure-Volume Relationship)
  • Charles’ Law (Temperature-volume Relationship)
  • Gay Lussac’s Law (Pressure-Temperature Relationship)
  • Avogadro's Law (Volume – Amount Relationship)
  • Ideal Gas Equation
  • Density and Molar Mass of a Gaseous Substance
  • Dalton's Law Of Partial Pressure
  • Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
  • Behaviour Of Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Gas Behaviour
  • Liquefaction Of Gases
  • Liquid State
  • Vapour Pressure
  • Surface Tension and Viscosity.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Important Formulas

Important formulas of this chapter are given below:

1. Gas Laws:

Boyle's law: Pressure–Volume relation at constant T.

P1V or PV = Constant

Charle's law: Volume–Temperature relation at constant P.

VT or V1T1=V2T2

Gay-Lussac's law: Pressure–Temperature relation at constant V.

PT or P1T1=P2T2

Avogadro's law:

Vn or V1n1=V2n2

2. Ideal Gas Equation:

PV = nRT

Where:

  • P= Pressure

  • V = Volume

  • n= Number of moles

  • R = Universal gas constant

  • T= Temperature (in Kelvin)

3. Density and Molar Mass

d(density)=PMRT , Where M = Molar Mass

4. Mole Fraction

xi=nintotal and pi=xiPtotal

5. Average Kinetic Energy of Gas Molecules

Average KE=32RT (per mole)

6. Root Mean Square Speed ( rms speed)

urms=3RTM , (M should be in kg/mol)

7. Real Gas - Van der Waals equation

(P+an2V2)(Vnb)=nRT

Where, a measures of intermolecular attraction and b measures of finite molecular volume.

8. Compressibility Factor (Z)

Z=PVnRT ,

  • For ideal gases: Z=1

  • For real gases: Z≠1

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Learning Outcomes

The chapter will help enable the students to understand why states of matter are one of the important chapters in chemistry. The topics included in the NCERT Exemplar solutions chapter 5 will help the students in understanding the different concepts related to the state of matter.

Solving the questions in this exercise will help the students assess the different topics and understand them better. The solutions will provide students with the information related to different laws and various kinds of intermolecular forces, thermal energy, and the gaseous state, etc.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter-Wise

Class 11 NCERT exemplar chapter-wise solutions are given below:

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Subject-Wise

Follow the links provided in the table below to get hands-on exemplar solutions of other subjects as well:

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter-wise

Class 11 NCERT chemistry chapter-wise solutions are given below:

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Subject-Wise

Class 11 NCERT subject-wise solutions are given below:

NCERT Notes Subject-Wise

Class 11 NCERT subject-wise notes are given below:

NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus

The NCERT books and syllabus links for class 11 are given below:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the properties of a solid?

Properties of a solid:

  • Solids have a definite shape and volume, 
  • They have high density and are generally incompressible. 
  • They resist deformation and maintain their structure.
2. What is the ideal gas law?

The ideal gas law is a mathematical equation that describes the relationship between the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of an ideal gas.

Ideal gas equation: PV = nRT

Where:  P = Pressure,  V = Volume, n = Number of moles,  R = Ideal gas constant,  T = Temperature

3. What is sublimation? Can you give an example?

Sublimation: It is the process where a solid changes directly into a gas, without passing through the liquid state. For example, dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) sublimates into carbon dioxide gas.

4. What is plasma?

Plasma is the fourth state of matter, where a gas is heated to extremely high temperatures, causing the atoms to become ionized. It consists of a mixture of ions and free electrons.

5. What are the properties of a gas?

Properties of a gas:

  • Gases have no definite shape or volume and fill the available space. 
  • They are easily compressible, 
  • They have low density and diffuse rapidly.

Articles

A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

Option 2)

0.16\; J

Option 3)

1.00\; J

Option 4)

0.67\; J

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg

Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

Option 4)

12.89×10−3 kg

 

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1)

2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

Option 2)

200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

Option 3)

2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

Option 4)

20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

Option 2)

\; K\;

Option 3)

zero\;

Option 4)

K/4

In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

Option 2)

6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

Option 3)

33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

Option 4)

67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1)

0.02

Option 2)

3.125 × 10-2

Option 3)

1.25 × 10-2

Option 4)

2.5 × 10-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

Option 2)

increase two fold

Option 3)

remain unchanged

Option 4)

be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1)

Molality

Option 2)

Weight fraction of solute

Option 3)

Fraction of solute present in water

Option 4)

Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

Option 1)

twice that in 60 g carbon

Option 2)

6.023 × 1022

Option 3)

half that in 8 g He

Option 4)

558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

Option 2)

more than 3 but less than 6

Option 3)

more than 6 but less than 9

Option 4)

more than 9

Back to top