NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions Chapter 21: Neural Control and Coordination are carefully made by subject experts to help students study. These solutions give a step-by-step description of the topics discussed in the chapter, helping students prepare well for their CBSE Class 11 exams and entrance exams. The chapter covers the structure and functions of the human nervous system, such as neurons, synapses, reflex actions, central and peripheral nervous systems, and the role played by sense organs in coordination.

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This Story also Contains

1. Multiple Choice Questions Class 11 Science Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination NCERT Exemplar
2. Find Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Science Chapter 21 (Long Questions)
3. Access Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination (Short Questions)
4. NCERT Exemplar for Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination (Very Short Answer Type Questions)
5. Most Important Questions Class 11 Biology, Chapter 21
6. Approach to Solve Questions of Class 11 Biology Chapter 21
7. What Extra Should Students Study Beyond the NCERT for NEET?
8. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter Wise

With the help of NCERT Exemplar Solutions, students can build up their concepts and revise important points quickly in time for their final exams. The solutions consist of different types of questions, like multiple-choice questions (MCQs), short answer questions, long answer questions, and valuable diagrams. The solutions prove to be an ideal tool for students looking forward to developing knowledge and doing well in exams.

Besides, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Science are also helpful in gaining insights into the chapter, hence proving to be extremely useful in exam preparation.

Also, read

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology

Multiple Choice Questions Class 11 Science Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination NCERT Exemplar

The detailed answers to the MCQ solutions are given below:

Question:1

Chemicals which are released at the synaptic junction are called
(a) Hormones
(b) Neurotransmitters
(c) Cerebrospinal fluid
(d) Lymph

Answer:

The answer is option (b) Neurotransmitters

Explanation: Neurotransmitters facilitate the transmission of impulses at the synaptic junction.

Question:2

The potential difference across the resting membrane is negatively charged. This is due to the differential distribution of the following ions
a. Na+ and K+ ions
b. CO3++ and Cl- ions
c. Ca++ and Mg++ ions
d. Ca4+ and Cl- ions

Answer:

The potential difference across the resting membrane is negatively charged. This is due to the differential distribution of Na+ and K+ ions.

Question:3

Resting membrane potential is maintained by
(a) Hormones
(b) Neurotransmitters
(c) Ion pumps
(d) None of the above

Answer:

The answer is option (c) Ion pumps

Explanation: In a resting neuron, there exist concentration gradients across the resting membrane for Na+ & K+. The ionic gradients are maintained by Ion pumps (Na-K pumps).

Question:4

The function of our visceral organs is controlled by

(a) Sympathetic and somatic neural system
(b) Sympathetic and para sympathetic neural system
(c) Central and somatic nervous system
(d) None of the above

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Sympathetic and para sympathetic neural system

Explanation: Option (a) is related to the peripheral nervous system and option (c) is not related to the regulation of visceral organs. But option (b) controls the functioning of visceral organs.

Question:5

Which of the following is not involved in Knee-jerk reflex?
(a) Muscle spindle
(b) Motor neuron
(c) Brain
(d) Inter neurons

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Brain

Explanation: Muscle spindle, motor neurons and inter neurons are part of the reflex arch unlike the brain.

Question:6

An area in the brain which is associated with strong emotions is
(a) Cerebral cortex
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Limbic system
(d) Medulla

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Limbic system

Explanation: The limbic system along with the hypothalamus is associated with emotions.

Question:7

Mark the vitamin present in Rhodopsin
(a) Vit A
(b) Vit B
(c) Vit C
(d) Vit D

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) Vit A

Explanation: Rhodopsin is related to eye vision and vitamin A is directly related to vision.

Question:8

Human eyeball consists of three layers and it encloses
(a) Lens, iris, optic nerve
(b) Lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor
(c) Cornea, lens, iris
(d) Cornea, lens, optic nerve

Answer:

The answer is option (b) Lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor

Explanation: The Human eyeball has three layers- sclera, choroid and retina. These three layers enclose the lens, aqueous humor and vitreous humor.

Question:9

Wax gland present in the ear canal is called
(a) Sweat gland
(b) Prostate gland
(c) Cowper's gland
(d) Sebaceous gland/ ceruminous gland

Answer:

The answer is option (d) Cowper's gland

Explanation: Other glands are not related to the ear.

Question:10

The part of internal ear responsible for hearing is
(a) Cochlea
(b) Semicircular canal
(c) Utriculus
(d) Sacculus

Answer:

The answer is option (a) Cochlea

Explanation: The Cochlea is the inner part of the ear which facilitates in hearing.

Question:11

The organ of corti is a structure present in
(a) External ear
(b) Middle ear
(c) Semi-circular canal
(d) Cochlea

Answer:

The answer is option (d) Cochlea

Explanation: Organ of Corti is present at the sensory ridge present at the basilar membrane which is present in the cochlea.

Find Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Science Chapter 21 (Long Questions)

Question:1

Explain the process of the transport and release of a neurotransmitter with the help of a labelled diagram showing a complete neuron, axon terminal and synapse.

Answer:

Neurotransmitters help in the transmission of impulses at the junction between two neurons called chemical synapse. In the synapse, there exists synaptic vessels in the axon terminal called synaptic knob. These vessels contain neurotransmitters. The impulses from the nerves reach the axon terminal and travel through it as electrical signals. When the impulse reaches the end of the axon, it picks up the neurotransmitters present in it and attaches it to the chemo-receptors that are present on the dendrite membrane of the next neuron. This attaching of chemicals (acetylcholine) with chemo-receptors leads to depolarization of the membrane generating a nerve impulse across the nerve fiber. Acetylcholine is inactivated and hydrolyzed by the enzyme found in the postsynaptic membrane- acetylcholinesterase. The hydrolyses facilitate the repolarization of the membrane.

Question:2

Name the parts of the human forebrain indicating their respective functions.

Answer:

The forebrain comprises the cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus. Their functions are as follows:

Cerebrum:

It has motor and sensory functions.

Thalamus:

It helps in coordination and motor signalling.

Hypothalamus:

It helps in maintaining the body temperature and also the regulation of feelings like hunger and thirst.

Question:3

Explain the structure of the middle and internal ear with the help of a diagram.

Answer:

The structure of the human ear is divided into three parts- the external ear, middle ear and internal ear.

Structure of the Middle Ear: The middle ear is composed of three bones or ossicles- malleus, incus, and stapes. All three bones are attached to each other in a chain-like manner. The malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane, and the stapes is attached to a membrane of the cochlea called the oval window. The tympanic membrane is the one that separates the middle ear from the external one. It is also called the ear drum. Not only that, but it also helps in catching the sound waves and transmitting them to the bony ossicles. From the bony ossicles, the waves are transferred to the inner ear. The eustachian tube connects the pharynx to the middle ear. tympanic membrane and bony ossicles. The tympanic membrane separates the middle ear from the external ear, and the middle ear is connected to the pharynx by the eustachian tube.

Structure of Inner Ear: The Inner ear is composed of a fluid-filled chamber called the labyrinth. It is divided into two parts- an outer bony labyrinth and an inner membranous labyrinth. The bony labyrinth consists of channels filled with a fluid called endolymph. The portion which is coiled in the labyrinth is the cochlea. The cochlea consists of two large ear canals- the upper vestibular canal and the lower vestibular canal. The two canals are separated by a cochlear duct. Semi-circular canals help in maintaining balance and posture of the body, and the cochlea helps in sending audio signals to the brain.

Access Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination (Short Questions)

Question:1

Answer:

Question:2

What is the difference between electrical transmission and chemical transmission?

Answer:

Question:3

The neural system and computers share certain common features. Comment in five lines. (Hint: CPU, input-output devices).

Answer:

1. The brain is the controlling and command center, just like the CPU (central processing unit) in a computer system.

2. The sense organs are like the input devices of a computer system.

3. Eyes and ears can be related to a web camera, scanner, and headphones.

4. Nerves are just like the cable wires in a computer.

5. The responses of the body are like the output material of the computer.

Question:4

If someone receives a blow on the back of neck, what would be the effect on the person's CNS?

Answer:

A blow on the back of the neck can cause serious damage to the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord, which in turn can cause serious problems in the normal functioning of respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastric systems. It can also cause paralysis.

Question:5

What is the function described to Eustachian tube?

Answer:

The eustachian tube helps in equalizing pressures on both sides of the ear drum and it is also involved in the reception and transmission of sound waves into the internal ear.

Question:6

Label the following parts in the given diagram using arrows.
(a) Aqueous chamber
(b) Cornea
(c) Lens
(d) Retina
(e) Vitreous chamber
(f) Blind spot

Answer:

NCERT Exemplar for Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination (Very Short Answer Type Questions)

Question:1

Rearrange the following in the correct order of involvement in electrical impulse movement- Synaptic knob, dendrites, cell body, Axon terminal, Axon.

Answer:

Dendrites, Cell body, Axon, Axon terminal, Synaptic knob.

Question:2

Comment upon the role of ear in maintaining the balance of the body and posture.

Answer:

The vestibular apparatus present in the internal ear consists of semi-circular canals and otolith. The semi-circular canals send signals to the brain in order to maintain balance and posture of the body.

Question:3

Which cells of the retina enable us to see coloured objects around us?

Answer:

Cone cells

Question:4

Arrange the following in the order of reception and transmission of sound wave from the ear drum: Cochlear nerve, external auditory canal, ear drum, stapes, incus, malleus, cochlea.

Answer:

External auditory canal, Ear drum, Malleus, Incus, Stapes, Cochlea, Cochlear nerve.

Question:5

During resting potential, the axonal membrane is polarised, indicate the movement of +ve and -ve ions leading to polarization diagrammatically.

Answer:

Question:6

Name the structures involved in the protection of the brain.

Answer:

The skull and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF).

Question:7

Our reactions like aggressive behavior, use of abusive words, restlessness, etc. are regulated by the brain, name the parts involved.

Answer:

The limbic system and hypothalamus is related to emotions.

Question:8

What do grey and white matter in the brain represent?

Answer:

The outer region of the cerebrum is composed of grey matter, which is also called the cerebral cortex. The grey matter represents the high concentration of cell bodies of the neuron. The inner region of the cerebrum is composed of white matter, which is also called the cerebral medulla. The white matter represents the high concentration of axons, which gives it a lighter appearance. Hence, the medulla is lighter in color and is called white matter.

Question:9

Where is the hunger center located in human brain?

Answer:

The hunger center is located in the Hypothalamus in the human brain.

Question:10

Which sensory organ is involved in vertigo (sensation of oneself or objects spinning around)?

Answer:

Ears: semi-circular canals in the internal ears are involved in the sense of vertigo.

Question:11

While travelling at a higher altitude, a person complains of dizziness and vomiting sensation. Which part of the inner ear is disturbed during the journey?

Answer:

Semi-circular canal

Question:12

Complete the statement by choosing the appropriate match among the following-

Answer:

(a)-(iii)

(b)-(iv)

(c)-(ii)

(d)-(i)

Also, Read NCERT Solution subject wise

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology

Most Important Questions Class 11 Biology, Chapter 21

Neural Control and Coordination is an important chapter for NEET as it explains how the nervous system functions, including nerve impulse transmission, reflexes, and sense organs. Practising previous years’ questions helps students focus on key concepts and understand the type of questions frequently asked in exams.

5 NEET PYQs from Neural Control and Coordination:

Q1. Chemicals released at the synaptic junction are called:
A. Hormones
B. Neurotransmitters
C. Cerebrospinal fluid
D. Lymph

Answer:
Neurotransmitters are the chemicals released at the synaptic junction. They are stored in synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic neuron and are released into the synaptic cleft to transmit nerve impulses to the postsynaptic neuron, ensuring communication between neurons.

Hence, the correct option is B. Neurotransmitters.

Q2. The negative potential across a resting membrane is mainly due to the differential distribution of:
A. Na⁺ and K⁺ ions
B. CO₃²⁻ and Cl⁻ ions
C. Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions
D. Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻ ions

Answer:
The negative potential across a resting membrane, known as the resting membrane potential, is mainly due to the differential distribution of sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺) ions across the cell membrane. Sodium ions are more concentrated outside the cell, while potassium ions are more concentrated inside, leading to a net negative charge inside the cell.

Hence, the correct option is A. Na⁺ and K⁺ ions.

Q3. Which part of the brain is associated with strong emotions?
A. Cerebral cortex
B. Cerebellum
C. Limbic system
D. Medulla

Answer:
The limbic system is the part of the brain most closely associated with strong emotions. It includes structures such as the amygdala and cingulate gyrus, which are central to processing and expressing emotions like fear, pleasure, and anger.

Hence, the correct option is C. Limbic system.

Q4. The part of the internal ear responsible for hearing is:
A. Cochlea
B. Semicircular canal
C. Utriculus
D. Sacculus

Answer:
The cochlea is the part of the internal ear responsible for hearing. It converts sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain, making it the primary organ for auditory perception.

Hence, the correct option is A. Cochlea.

Q5. The wax-secreting gland present in the ear canal is called:
A. Sweat gland
B. Prostate gland
C. Cowper’s gland
D. Ceruminous gland

Answer:
The ceruminous gland is the wax-secreting gland present in the ear canal. It produces cerumen (ear wax), which helps protect and lubricate the ear canal.

Hence, the correct option is D. Ceruminous gland.

Also, Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here

• NCERT Books Class 11 Biology

• NCERT Syllabus Class 11 Biology

• NCERT Books Class 11

• NCERT Syllabus Class 11

Approach to Solve Questions of Class 11 Biology Chapter 21

Breaking down complex topics like neurons, synapses, and brain functions into simple parts makes it easier to understand and remember. Drawing diagrams, memorising sequences like nerve impulse transmission, and practising application-based questions help in answering both straightforward and tricky questions confidently.

• Read the NCERT Exemplar soltuions carefully to understand neuron structure, synapse, and brain parts.

• Practice labelled diagrams of neurons, synapses, the brain, and sense organs.

• Memorise the steps of nerve impulse transmission and the reflex arc.

• Understand the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

• Solve all NCERT and Exemplar questions, focusing on reasoning and application.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Mathematics Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Solution

What Extra Should Students Study Beyond the NCERT for NEET?

NEET sometimes includes questions that require deeper knowledge beyond NCERT, such as clinical conditions, detailed mechanisms, and tricky scenarios. Studying additional reference books and practising previous years’ NEET questions can help students prepare thoroughly.

Must Read NCERT Notes subject-wise

• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Maths

• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Physics

• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Chemistry

• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Biology

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter Wise

The chapter-wise links are given below: