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NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination

Edited By Priyanka kumari | Updated on Aug 22, 2022 12:17 PM IST

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 21 explores the concept of Neural Control and Coordination in living beings. In NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology chapter 21 solutions students will get to learn about the coordination system of the human body. They will be able to answer questions like- How does the neural system in humans work? What is the central neural system? What is Reflex Action and Arc? How do the endocrine system and neural system function altogether? All of these are detailed in the Class 11 NCERT Exemplar solutions Biology chapter 21 which by utilising the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology chapter 21 solutions PDF Download students can make learning even more convenient.

NEET Scholarship Test Kit (Class 11): Narayana | Physics Wallah | Aakash | ALLEN

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This Story also Contains
  1. Multiple Choice Questions:
  2. Long Answer Type Questions:
  3. Short Answer Type Questions:
  4. Very Short Answer Type Questions:
  5. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 21 Main Sub-topics: -
  6. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 21-What will students learn from?
  7. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter Wise
  8. Important Topics Covered in NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 21

Also, read NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question:1

Chemicals which are released at the synaptic junction are called
(a) Hormones
(b) Neurotransmitters
(c) Cerebrospinal fluid
(d) Lymph

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Neurotransmitters
Explanation: Neurotransmitters facilitate the transmission of impulses at the synaptic junction.

Question:2

Potential difference across the resting membrane is negatively charged. This is due to differential distribution of the following ions
a. Na+ and K+ ions
b. CO3++ and Cl- ions
c. Ca++ and Mg++ ions
d. Ca4+ and Cl- ions

Answer:

Potential difference across resting membrane is negatively charged. This is due to differential distribution of Na+ and K+ ions.

Question:3

Resting membrane potential is maintained by
(a) Hormones
(b) Neurotransmitters
(c) Ion pumps
(d) None of the above

Answer:

Ans. The answer is the option (c) Ion pumps
Explanation: In a resting neuron, there exist concentration gradients across the resting membrane for Na+ & K+. The ionic gradients are maintained by Ion pumps (Na-K pumps).

Question:4

The function of our visceral organs is controlled by
(a) Sympathetic and somatic neural system
(b) Sympathetic and para sympathetic neural system
(c) Central and somatic nervous system
(d) None of the above

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Sympathetic and para sympathetic neural system
Explanation: Option (a) is related to the peripheral nervous system and option (c) is not related to the regulation of visceral organs. But option (b) controls the functioning of visceral organs.

Question:5

Which of the following is not involved in Knee-jerk reflex?
(a) Muscle spindle
(b) Motor neuron
(c) Brain
(d) Inter neurons

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Brain
Explanation: Muscle spindle, motor neurons and inter neurons are part of the reflex arch unlike the brain.

Question:6

An area in the brain which is associated with strong emotions is
(a) Cerebral cortex
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Limbic system
(d) Medulla

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Limbic system
Explanation: The limbic system along with the hypothalamus is associated with emotions.

Question:7

Mark the vitamin present in Rhodopsin
(a) Vit A
(b) Vit B
(c) Vit C
(d) Vit D

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) Vit A
Explanation: Rhodopsin is related to eye vision and vitamin A is directly related to vision.








Question:8

Human eyeball consists of three layers and it encloses
(a) Lens, iris, optic nerve
(b) Lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor
(c) Cornea, lens, iris
(d) Cornea, lens, optic nerve

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor
Explanation: Human eyeball has three layers- sclera, choroid and retina. These three layers encloses lens, aqueous humor and vitreous humor.

Question:9

Wax gland present in the ear canal is called
(a) Sweat gland
(b) Prostate gland
(c) Cowper's gland
(d) Sebaceous gland/ ceruminous gland

Answer:

The answer is the option (d) Cowper's gland
Explanation: Other glands are not related to ear.

Question:10

The part of internal ear responsible for hearing is
(a) Cochlea
(b) Semicircular canal
(c) Utriculus
(d) Sacculus

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) Cochlea
Explanation: Cochlea is an inner part of the ear which facilitates in hearing.

Question:11

The organ of corti is a structure present in
(a) External ear
(b) Middle ear
(c) Semi-circular canal
(d) Cochlea

Answer:

The answer is the option (d) Cochlea
Explanation: Organ of Corti is present at the sensory ridge present at the basilar membrane which is present in the cochlea.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

Explain the process of the transport and release of a neurotransmitter with the help of a labelled diagram showing a complete neuron, axon terminal and synapse.

Answer:

Neurotransmitters help in the transmission of impulses at the junction between two neurons called chemical synapse. In the synapse, there exists synaptic vessels in the axon terminal called synaptic knob. These vessels contain neurotransmitters. The impulses from the nerves reaches the axon terminal and travel through it as electrical signals. When the impulse reaches the end of the axon, it picks up the neurotransmitters present in it and attaches it to the chemo-receptors that are present on the dendrite membrane of next neuron. This attaching of chemicals (acetylcholine) with chemo-receptors leads to depolarization of membrane generating a nerve impulse across the nerve fiber.Acetylcholine is inactivated and hydrolyzed by the enzyme found in the post synaptic membrane- acetylcholinesterase. The hydrolyses facilitates the repolarization of the membrane.


Question:2

Name the parts of human forebrain indicating their respective functions.

Answer:

The forebrain comprises of the cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus. Their functions are as follows:
Cerebrum:
It has a motor and sensory functions.

Thalamus:
It helps in coordination and motor signalling.

Hypothalamus:
It helps in maintaining the body temperature and also the regulation of feelings like hunger and thirst.

Question:3

Explain the structure of middle and internal ear with the help of diagram.

Answer:

Ans. The structure of human ear is divided into three parts- the external ear, middle ear and internal ear.

Structure of Middle Ear: The middle ear is composed of three bones or ossicles- malleus, incus, and stapes. All of three bones are attached to each other in a chain-like manner. Malleus is attached to tympanic membrane and stapes is attached to a membrane of cochlea called the oval window. The tympanic membrane is the one that separates the middle ear from external one. It is also called the ear drum. Not only that, it also helps in catching the sound waves and transmitting them to the bony ossicles. From the bony ossicles, the waves are transferred to the inner ear. The eustachian tube connects the pharynx to the middle ear. tympanic membrane and bony ossicles. Tympanic membrane separates middle ear from external ear and the middle ear is connected to pharynx by eustachian tube.


Structure of Inner Ear: Inner ear is composed of a fluid filled chamber called labyrinth. It is divided into two parts- an outer bony labyrinth and an inner membranous labyrinth. The bony labyrinth consists of channels which is filled with a fluid called endolymph. The portion which is coiled in the labyrinth is the cochlea. Cochlea consists of two large ear canals- upper vestibular canal and lower vestibular canal. The two canals are separated by a cochlear duct. Semi-circular canals help in maintaining balance and posture of the body and cochlea helps in sending audio signals to the brain.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

The major parts of the human neural system are depicted below. Fill in the empty boxes with appropriate words.

Answer:



Question:2

What is the difference between electrical transmission and chemical transmission?

Answer:

Ans:
Electrical transmission
Chemical transmission
(i) Transmission takes place in the form of electric potential.
(i) Transmission takes place through chemicals.
(ii) It transmits the signals in the neural system.
(ii) It transmits the signals in the hormonal system.
(iii) It transmits faster.
(iii) It transmits slower.


Question:3

Neural system and computers share certain common features. Comment in five lines. (Hint: CPU, input-output devices).

Answer:

  1. The brain is the controlling and command center just like the CPU (central processing unit) in a computer system.
  2. The sense organs are like the input devices of a computer system.
  3. Eyes and ears can be related to web camera, scanner, and headphones.
  4. Nerves are just like the cable wires in the computer.
  5. Responses of the body are like the output material of the computer.

Question:4

If someone receives a blow on the back of neck, what would be the effect on the person's CNS?

Answer:

A blow on the back of the neck can cause serious damage to the medulla oblongata and the spinal card which in turn can cause serious problems in the normal functioning of respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastric systems. It can also cause paralysis.

Question:5

What is the function described to Eustachian tube?

Answer:

Ans.
Eustachian tube helps in equalizing pressures on both sides of the ear drum and it is also involved in reception and transmission of sound waves into the internal ear.

Question:6

Label the following parts in the given diagram using arrows.
(a) Aqueous chamber
(b) Cornea
(c) Lens
(d) Retina
(e) Vitreous chamber
(f) Blind spot

Answer:

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

Rearrange the following in the correct order of involvement in electrical impulse movement- Synaptic knob, dendrites, cell body, Axon terminal, Axon.

Answer:

Dendrites, Cell body, Axon, Axon terminal, Synaptic knob.

Question:2

Comment upon the role of ear in maintaining the balance of the body and posture.

Answer:

The vestibular apparatus present in the internal ear consists of semi-circular canals and otolith. The semi-circular canals send signals to the brain in order to maintain balance and posture of the body.

Question:3

Which cells of the retina enable us to see coloured objects around us?

Answer:

Cone cells

Question:4

Arrange the following in the order of reception and transmission of sound wave from the ear drum: Cochlear nerve, external auditory canal, ear drum, stapes, incus, malleus, cochlea.

Answer:

External auditory canal, Ear drum, Malleus, Incus, Stapes, Cochlea, Cochlear nerve.

Question:5

During resting potential, the axonal membrane is polarised, indicate the movement of +ve and -ve ions leading to polarization diagrammatically.

Answer:

Question:6

Name the structures involved in the protection of the brain.

Answer:

The skull and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF).

Question:7

Our reaction like aggressive behavior, use of abusive words, restlessness etc. are regulated by brain, name the parts involved.

Answer:

The limbic system and hypothalamus is related to emotions.

Question:8

What do grey and white matter in the brain represent?

Answer:

The outer region of cerebrum is composed of grey matter which is also called cerebral cortex.The grey matter represents the high concentration of cell bodies of the neuron. The inner region of cerebrum is composed of white matter which is also called cerebral medulla. The white matter represents the high concentration of axons which gives it lighter appearance. Hence, medulla is lighter in color and is called white matter.

Question:9

Where is the hunger center located in human brain?

Answer:

The hunger center is located in the Hypothalamus in the human brain.

Question:10

Which sensory organ is involved in vertigo (sensation of oneself or objects spinning around)?

Answer:

Ears: semi-circular canals in the internal ears are involved in sense of vertigo.

Question:11

While travelling at a higher altitude, a person complains of dizziness and vomiting sensation. Which part of the inner ear is disturbed during the journey?

Answer:

Semi- circular canal

Question:12

Complete the statement by choosing appropriate match among following-

(a) Resting potential
(i) chemicals involved in the transmission of impulses at synapses.
(b) Nerve impulse
(ii) gap between the pre-synaptic and post synaptic neurons
(c) Synaptic cleft
(iii) electrical potential difference across the resting neural membrane
(d) Neurotransmitters
(iv) an electrical wave like response of a neuron to a stimulation.

Answer:

(a)-(iii)
(b)-(iv)
(c)-(ii)
(d)-(i)

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 21 Main Sub-topics: -

  • Neural System,
  • Human Neural System,
  • Neuron as Structural and Functional unit of Neural system,
  • Central Neural System,
  • Reflex Action and Reflex Arc,
  • Sensory Reception and Processing.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 21-What will students learn from?

The neural system of a human consists of two parts mainly, these are the Central Neural System (CNS), and the Peripheral Neural System (PNS). The information related to the changes in the environment is transmitted through CNS with the help of sensory organs which are processed and analysed.

The Peripheral Neural System (PNS) is the division of the nervous system, which contains all the nerves that lie outside the CNS. The primary and foremost role of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the organ’s limbs and skin of the human body.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter Wise

Chapter 11 Transport in Plants

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Solutions

Important Topics Covered in NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 21

Class 11 Biology NCERT Exemplar solutions chapter 21 includes details about Human Neural Systems, Neurons, CNS, PNS, Reflex action and reflex arc Sensory reception and processing are important topics which students should pay extra attention to.

Check NCERT solutions for Class 11 Other Subjects

The students will also learn about the transmission of nerve impulsion, impulse conduction across a synapse, and the functioning of reflex action. The neural system of a human body coordinates and integrates functions as well as metabolic and homeostatic activities of the whole organ system.

Check Chapter-Wise Solutions of Questions Given in Book:

Also, Read NCERT Solution subject wise

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Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

1. Which topics are included in this chapter?

The chapter includes topics like a neuron, central neural system, reflex arc, reflex action, sensory reception, etc. 

2. Are these solutions helpful for NEET?

Yes, these NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 21 are a good way to revise the entire NCERT syllabus in a single go. 

3. How to download these solutions?

One can easily download these solutions by clicking on the given link on the same page of NCERT chapter-wise solutions. 

4. How many questions are solved?

Multiple questions are solved with diagrams, charts, and points for better clarity in Class 11 Biology NCERT Exemplar solutions chapter 21.

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