NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 21: Neural Control and Coordination are carefully made by subject experts to help students study. These solutions give a step-by-step description of the topics discussed in the chapter, helping students prepare well for their CBSE Class 11 exams and entrance exams. The chapter covers the structure and functions of the human nervous system, such as neurons, synapses, reflex actions, central and peripheral nervous systems, and the role played by sense organs in coordination.

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This Story also Contains

1. Multiple Choice Questions Class 11 Science Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination NCERT Exemplar
2. Find Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Science Chapter 21 (Long Questions)
3. Access Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination (Short Questions)
4. NCERT Exemplar for Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination (Very Short Answer Type Questions)
5. Overview of Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination
6. Important Topics and Subtopics of Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination
7. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter Wise

With the help of NCERT Exemplar Solutions, students can build up their concepts and revise important points quickly in time for their final exams. The solutions consist of different types of questions like multiple-choice questions (MCQs), short answer questions, long answer questions, and valuable diagrams. The solutions prove to be an ideal tool for students looking forward to developing knowledge and doing well in exams.

Besides, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Science are also helpful in gaining insights into the Neural Control and Coordination chapter, hence proving to be extremely useful in exam preparation.

Also, read NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology

Multiple Choice Questions Class 11 Science Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination NCERT Exemplar

The detailed answers to the MCQ solutions are given below:

Question:1

Chemicals which are released at the synaptic junction are called
(a) Hormones
(b) Neurotransmitters
(c) Cerebrospinal fluid
(d) Lymph

Answer:

The answer is option (b) Neurotransmitters

Explanation: Neurotransmitters facilitate the transmission of impulses at the synaptic junction.

Question:2

The potential difference across the resting membrane is negatively charged. This is due to the differential distribution of the following ions
a. Na+ and K+ ions
b. CO3++ and Cl- ions
c. Ca++ and Mg++ ions
d. Ca4+ and Cl- ions

Answer:

The potential difference across the resting membrane is negatively charged. This is due to the differential distribution of Na+ and K+ ions.

Question:3

Resting membrane potential is maintained by
(a) Hormones
(b) Neurotransmitters
(c) Ion pumps
(d) None of the above

Answer:

The answer is option (c) Ion pumps

Explanation: In a resting neuron, there exist concentration gradients across the resting membrane for Na+ & K+. The ionic gradients are maintained by Ion pumps (Na-K pumps).

Question:4

The function of our visceral organs is controlled by

(a) Sympathetic and somatic neural system
(b) Sympathetic and para sympathetic neural system
(c) Central and somatic nervous system
(d) None of the above

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Sympathetic and para sympathetic neural system

Explanation: Option (a) is related to the peripheral nervous system and option (c) is not related to the regulation of visceral organs. But option (b) controls the functioning of visceral organs.

Question:5

Which of the following is not involved in Knee-jerk reflex?
(a) Muscle spindle
(b) Motor neuron
(c) Brain
(d) Inter neurons

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Brain

Explanation: Muscle spindle, motor neurons and inter neurons are part of the reflex arch unlike the brain.

Question:6

An area in the brain which is associated with strong emotions is
(a) Cerebral cortex
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Limbic system
(d) Medulla

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Limbic system

Explanation: The limbic system along with the hypothalamus is associated with emotions.

Question:7

Mark the vitamin present in Rhodopsin
(a) Vit A
(b) Vit B
(c) Vit C
(d) Vit D

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) Vit A

Explanation: Rhodopsin is related to eye vision and vitamin A is directly related to vision.

Question:8

Human eyeball consists of three layers and it encloses
(a) Lens, iris, optic nerve
(b) Lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor
(c) Cornea, lens, iris
(d) Cornea, lens, optic nerve

Answer:

The answer is option (b) Lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor

Explanation: The Human eyeball has three layers- sclera, choroid and retina. These three layers enclose the lens, aqueous humor and vitreous humor.

Question:9

Wax gland present in the ear canal is called
(a) Sweat gland
(b) Prostate gland
(c) Cowper's gland
(d) Sebaceous gland/ ceruminous gland

Answer:

The answer is option (d) Cowper's gland

Explanation: Other glands are not related to the ear.

Question:10

The part of internal ear responsible for hearing is
(a) Cochlea
(b) Semicircular canal
(c) Utriculus
(d) Sacculus

Answer:

The answer is option (a) Cochlea

Explanation: The Cochlea is the inner part of the ear which facilitates in hearing.

Question:11

The organ of corti is a structure present in
(a) External ear
(b) Middle ear
(c) Semi-circular canal
(d) Cochlea

Answer:

The answer is option (d) Cochlea

Explanation: Organ of Corti is present at the sensory ridge present at the basilar membrane which is present in the cochlea.

Find Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Science Chapter 21 (Long Questions)

Question:1

Explain the process of the transport and release of a neurotransmitter with the help of a labelled diagram showing a complete neuron, axon terminal and synapse.

Answer:

Neurotransmitters help in the transmission of impulses at the junction between two neurons called chemical synapse. In the synapse, there exists synaptic vessels in the axon terminal called synaptic knob. These vessels contain neurotransmitters. The impulses from the nerves reach the axon terminal and travel through it as electrical signals. When the impulse reaches the end of the axon, it picks up the neurotransmitters present in it and attaches it to the chemo-receptors that are present on the dendrite membrane of the next neuron. This attaching of chemicals (acetylcholine) with chemo-receptors leads to depolarization of the membrane generating a nerve impulse across the nerve fiber. Acetylcholine is inactivated and hydrolyzed by the enzyme found in the postsynaptic membrane- acetylcholinesterase. The hydrolyses facilitate the repolarization of the membrane.

Question:2

Name the parts of the human forebrain indicating their respective functions.

Answer:

The forebrain comprises the cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus. Their functions are as follows:

Cerebrum:

It has motor and sensory functions.

Thalamus:

It helps in coordination and motor signalling.

Hypothalamus:

It helps in maintaining the body temperature and also the regulation of feelings like hunger and thirst.

Question:3

Explain the structure of the middle and internal ear with the help of a diagram.

Answer:

The structure of the human ear is divided into three parts- the external ear, middle ear and internal ear.

Structure of the Middle Ear: The middle ear is composed of three bones or ossicles- malleus, incus, and stapes. All three bones are attached to each other in a chain-like manner. The malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane, and the stapes is attached to a membrane of the cochlea called the oval window. The tympanic membrane is the one that separates the middle ear from the external one. It is also called the ear drum. Not only that, but it also helps in catching the sound waves and transmitting them to the bony ossicles. From the bony ossicles, the waves are transferred to the inner ear. The eustachian tube connects the pharynx to the middle ear. tympanic membrane and bony ossicles. The tympanic membrane separates the middle ear from the external ear, and the middle ear is connected to the pharynx by the eustachian tube.

Structure of Inner Ear: The Inner ear is composed of a fluid-filled chamber called the labyrinth. It is divided into two parts- an outer bony labyrinth and an inner membranous labyrinth. The bony labyrinth consists of channels filled with a fluid called endolymph. The portion which is coiled in the labyrinth is the cochlea. The cochlea consists of two large ear canals- the upper vestibular canal and the lower vestibular canal. The two canals are separated by a cochlear duct. Semi-circular canals help in maintaining balance and posture of the body, and the cochlea helps in sending audio signals to the brain.

Access Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination (Short Questions)

Question:1

Answer:

Question:2

What is the difference between electrical transmission and chemical transmission?

Answer:

Question:3

The neural system and computers share certain common features. Comment in five lines. (Hint: CPU, input-output devices).

Answer:

1. The brain is the controlling and command center, just like the CPU (central processing unit) in a computer system.

2. The sense organs are like the input devices of a computer system.

3. Eyes and ears can be related to a web camera, scanner, and headphones.

4. Nerves are just like the cable wires in a computer.

5. The responses of the body are like the output material of the computer.

Question:4

If someone receives a blow on the back of neck, what would be the effect on the person's CNS?

Answer:

A blow on the back of the neck can cause serious damage to the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord, which in turn can cause serious problems in the normal functioning of respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastric systems. It can also cause paralysis.

Question:5

What is the function described to Eustachian tube?

Answer:

The eustachian tube helps in equalizing pressures on both sides of the ear drum and it is also involved in the reception and transmission of sound waves into the internal ear.

Question:6

Label the following parts in the given diagram using arrows.
(a) Aqueous chamber
(b) Cornea
(c) Lens
(d) Retina
(e) Vitreous chamber
(f) Blind spot

Answer:

NCERT Exemplar for Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination (Very Short Answer Type Questions)

Question:1

Rearrange the following in the correct order of involvement in electrical impulse movement- Synaptic knob, dendrites, cell body, Axon terminal, Axon.

Answer:

Dendrites, Cell body, Axon, Axon terminal, Synaptic knob.

Question:2

Comment upon the role of ear in maintaining the balance of the body and posture.

Answer:

The vestibular apparatus present in the internal ear consists of semi-circular canals and otolith. The semi-circular canals send signals to the brain in order to maintain balance and posture of the body.

Question:3

Which cells of the retina enable us to see coloured objects around us?

Answer:

Cone cells

Question:4

Arrange the following in the order of reception and transmission of sound wave from the ear drum: Cochlear nerve, external auditory canal, ear drum, stapes, incus, malleus, cochlea.

Answer:

External auditory canal, Ear drum, Malleus, Incus, Stapes, Cochlea, Cochlear nerve.

Question:5

During resting potential, the axonal membrane is polarised, indicate the movement of +ve and -ve ions leading to polarization diagrammatically.

Answer:

Question:6

Name the structures involved in the protection of the brain.

Answer:

The skull and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF).

Question:7

Our reactions like aggressive behavior, use of abusive words, restlessness, etc. are regulated by the brain, name the parts involved.

Answer:

The limbic system and hypothalamus is related to emotions.

Question:8

What do grey and white matter in the brain represent?

Answer:

The outer region of the cerebrum is composed of grey matter, which is also called the cerebral cortex. The grey matter represents the high concentration of cell bodies of the neuron. The inner region of the cerebrum is composed of white matter, which is also called the cerebral medulla. The white matter represents the high concentration of axons, which gives it a lighter appearance. Hence, the medulla is lighter in color and is called white matter.

Question:9

Where is the hunger center located in human brain?

Answer:

The hunger center is located in the Hypothalamus in the human brain.

Question:10

Which sensory organ is involved in vertigo (sensation of oneself or objects spinning around)?

Answer:

Ears: semi-circular canals in the internal ears are involved in the sense of vertigo.

Question:11

While travelling at a higher altitude, a person complains of dizziness and vomiting sensation. Which part of the inner ear is disturbed during the journey?

Answer:

Semi-circular canal

Question:12

Complete the statement by choosing the appropriate match among the following-

Answer:

(a)-(iii)

(b)-(iv)

(c)-(ii)

(d)-(i)

Must Read NCERT Notes subject wise

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Overview of Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination

The chapter Neural Control and Coordination gives insight into how organisms react, process, and perceive stimuli using a well-coordinated system. It acquaints learners with the human nervous system, including its structure and operation. The chapter discusses the two broad subdivisions of the nervous system: the central nervous system (CNS), which comprises the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which is made up of nerves linking different parts of the body.

Students study neurons, the building blocks of the nervous system, and how signals are passed along by nerve impulses and synapses. The chapter also describes reflex actions, sensory reception, and the function of various sense organs like the eyes and ears. It also describes how the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions such as heartbeat and digestion.

In general, this chapter helps students to understand how neural coordination allows organisms to react effectively to their environment to survive and adapt.

Also, Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here

• NCERT Books Class 11 Biology

• NCERT Syllabus Class 11 Biology

• NCERT Books Class 11

• NCERT Syllabus Class 11

Important Topics and Subtopics of Chapter 21 Neural Control and Coordination

Here are some of the most important topics and subtopics for the Neural Control and Coordination Chapter

Introduction to Neural Control and Coordination

• Definition and importance of neural coordination

• Difference between neural and chemical coordination

Structure and Function of Neurons

• Types of neurons: Sensory, motor, and interneurons

• Structure of a neuron (cell body, dendrites, axon)

• Nerve impulse transmission and synaptic conduction

Central Nervous System (CNS)

• Structure and functions of the brain (forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain)

• Role of the spinal cord in coordination and reflex actions

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

• Cranial and spinal nerves

• Role in voluntary and involuntary actions

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

• Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

• Regulation of involuntary functions (heartbeat, digestion)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc

• Definition and examples of reflex actions

• Components of a reflex arc

Sense Organs and Sensory Reception

• Structure and functioning of the eye (vision)

• Structure and functioning of the ear (hearing and balance)

Disorders of the Nervous System

• Common neural disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson’s, and Epilepsy

• Causes and effects on neural coordination

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter Wise

The chapter-wise links are given below:

NCERT Exemplar Solutions for the chapter on Neural Control and Coordination are important to understand the working of organisms in perceiving, processing, and reacting to stimuli. The answers help in ensuring a systematic study of intricate neurological concepts via clearly explained solutions and varied question types. Students can improve their learning and critical thinking skills and score better on exams through regular practice of these solutions. A good understanding of neural coordination benefits not only the academic process but also sets one up for the study of medicine, neuroscience, and physiology.

Also, Read NCERT Solution subject wise

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology