NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 5 Morphology of Flowering Plants

Access the Morphology of Flowering Plants Class 11 NCERT Exemplar (Multiple Choice Questions)

These questions test the quick recall and conceptual clarity. Each question has four options, and students must select the most appropriate one. The NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 helps in checking the application-based understanding of the topic.

Question:1

Rearrange the following zones as seen in the root in the vertical section, and
Choose the correct option.
A. Root hair zone
B. Zone of meristems
C. Rootcap zone
D. Zone of maturation
E. Zone of elongation
Options:
(a) C, B, E, A, D
(b) A, B, C, D, E
(c) D, E, A, C, B
(d) E, D, C, B, A

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) C, B, E, A, D

Explanation: The root cap is at the tip, followed by a zone of meristems. This is followed by the zone of elongation and then the root hair zone. The zone of maturation comes after all of them.

Question:2

In an inflorescence where flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession, the position of the youngest floral bud shall be
(a) Proximal
(b) Intercalary
(c) Distal
(d) Anywhere

Answer:

The answer is option (c), Distal

Explanation: Acropetal succession is an arrangement of flowers in which the youngest flower is at the top of the floral axis.

Question:3

The mature seeds of plants such as gram and peas possess no endosperm, because
(a) Endosperm gets used up by the developing embryo during seed development
(b) There is no double fertilization in them
(c) Endosperm is not formed in them
(d)These plants are not angiosperms

Answer:

The answer is option (a) Endosperm gets used up by the developing embryo during seed development

Explanation: In plants like pea and gram, the endosperm formed after double fertilization is completely utilized by the developing embryo during seed maturation, so mature seeds are non-endospermic.

Question:4

Roots developed from parts of the plant other than the radicle are called
(a) Taproots
(b) Adventitious roots
(c) Fibrous roots
(d) Nodular roots

Answer:

The answer is option (b) Adventitious roots

Explanation: Taproots and fibrous roots come out from the radicles. Nodular roots emerge from root nodules. Whereas adventitious roots generally emerge from the stems and sometimes from the leaves.

Question:5

Venation is a term used to describe the pattern of arrangement of
(a) Veins and veinlets in a lamina
(b) Flower in an inflorescence
(c) Floral organs
(d) All of them

Answer:

The answer is option (a) Veins and veinlets in a lamina

Explanation: The veins of the leaves, which carry the food and water, are designed in a complex net-like structure. This complex arrangement of veins in a leaf is called venation. Veination is of two types based on the arrangement of veins and veinlets.

Question:6

Endosperm, a product of double fertilization in angiosperms, is absent in the seeds of
(a) Coconut
(b) Maize
(c) Orchids
(d) Castor

Answer:

The answer is option (c), Orchids

Explanation: The embryo in the orchid plant absorbs the endosperm during growth.

Question:7

Many pulses of daily use belong to one of the families below (tick the correct answer)
(a) Solanaceae
(b) Poceae
(c) Liliaceae
(d) Fabaceae

Answer:

The answer is option (d), Fabaceae

Explanation: Leguminosae and pulses are referred to as Fabaceae and are also known as legumes.

Question:8

The placenta is attached to the developing seed near the
(a) Hilum
(b) Testa
(c) Micropyle
(d) Chalaza

Answer:

The answer is option (a) Hilum

Explanation: The hilum is the scar on the seed coat where the seed was attached to the placenta via the funiculus

Question:9

Which of the following plants is used to extract the blue dye?
(a) Trifolium
(b) Lupin
(c) Indigofera
(d) Cassia

Answer:

The answer is option (c) Indigofera

Explanation: Indigo is a blue colour. Indigofera is used for blue dye.

Question:10

Match the following and choose the correct option

Options:

a. A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv

b. A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D-iii

c. A-iv, B-ii, C-i, D-iii

d. A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii

Answer: The answer is option (b) 'A- (ii), B-(i), C-(iv), D - (iii)'.

Explanation:

• Aleurone layer - a layer of protein storage cells present in cereal maize seed, which is a form of reserved food material.

• Parthenocarpic fruit - when the ovary is stimulated to form fruit without fertilisation, then it is a parthenocarpic fruit. For example, seedless grapes and watermelon.

• Ovule: contains the embryo sac with the egg cell, synergids, polar nuclei, and antipodal cells. In angiosperms, the pollen tube releases two male gametes, of which one fuses with the egg cell to form the zygote, while the other fuses with polar nuclei to form the triploid PEN (primary endosperm nucleus). The fertilised ovule forms the seed.

• Endosperm- PEN develops into endosperm, which provides nutrients to the developing embryo. Endosperm is formed as a result of double fertilisation in angiosperms. It is the product of the primary endosperm nucleus formed due to the fusion of the male gamete and the secondary nucleus (fused polar nuclei).

Get Answers to NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 (Very Short Answer)

These are one-word, one-line, or definition-based questions. They are designed to test precise knowledge and direct recall of important facts and terms from the chapter.

Question:1

Roots obtain oxygen from the air in the soil for respiration. In the absence or deficiency of O2, root growth is restricted or completely stopped. How do the plants growing in marshlands or swamps obtain their O2 required for root respiration?

Answer:

The plants which are growing in marshlands or swamps have vertical growth from their roots. These roots are hollow from within, and thus, they make way for air to enter through these roots. These are known as pneumatophores. In consequence, pneumatophores assist the plants in swamps and marshland areas to acquire oxygen for root respiration.

Question:2

Write a floral formula for a flower which is bisexual, actinomorphic, with five sepals, twisted aestivation, petals five; valvate aestivation; stamens six; ovary tricarpellary, syncarpous, superior, trilocular with axile placentation.

Answer:

Question:3

In Opuntia, the stem is modified into a flattened green structure to perform the function of leaves (i.e., photosynthesis). Cite some other examples of modifications of plant parts for the purpose of photosynthesis.

Answer:

Euphorbia is a large genus of flowering plants, also known as spurge. The stem of Euphorbia is fleshy and cylindrical in structure. The stem in this plant helps to carry out photosynthesis because of the presence of chlorophyll in the stem.

Examples:

• Opuntia → flattened green phylloclade (stem).

• Euphorbia → cylindrical photosynthetic stem.

• Asparagus → cladodes (green branches for photosynthesis).

Question:4

In swampy areas like the Sunderbans in West Bengal, plants bear a special kind of roots called _____.

Answer:

Pneumatophores, which help with root respiration.

Question:5

In aquatic plants like Pistia and Eichhornia, leaves and roots are found near _____.

Answer:

In free-floating hydrophytes like Pistia and Eichhornia, leaves and roots are found near the water surface to ensure buoyancy and absorption.

Question:6

Reticulate and parallel venation are characteristic of _____ and _____ respectively.

Answer:

Dicot, monocot.

Question:7

Which parts of ginger and onion are edible?

Answer:

The underground stem in ginger is good for consumption, whereas the altered leaves are edible in the case of onion.

Question:8

In the epigynous flower, the ovary is situated below the _____.

Answer:

Other floral parts

Question:9

Add the missing floral organs of the given floral formula of Fabaceae.

Answer:

C1+2+(2) A (9+1)

Question:10

Name the body part modified for food storage in the following

(a) Carrot

(b) Colocasia

(c) Sweet potato

(d) Asparagus

(e) Radish

(f) Potato

(g) Dahlia

(h) Turmeric

(i) Gladiolus

(j) Ginger

(k) Portulaca

Answer:

(a) Tap Root

(b) Stem

(c) Modified adventitious Roots

(d) Modified root

(e) Tap Root

(f) Stem

(g) Adventitious Roots

(h) Stem

(i) Stem

(j) Stem

(k) Adventitious Roots

Find NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 5 (Short Answer)

Some short answers to NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Morphology of Flowering Plants Chapter:

Question:1

Give two examples of roots that develop from different parts of the angiospermic plant other than the radicle.

Answer:

Adventitious roots are the term used when the roots develop from different plant parts in angiosperms. Two examples of adventitious roots are:

• Prop Roots in Banyan: The roots of a banyan tree are an example of prop roots. These prop roots deeply penetrate the soil and help the tree to maintain the balance and support itself.

• Stilt Roots in Maize: The roots in maize plants are an example of stilt roots. These roots enter the ground and are developed from the nodes just above the ground; they provide extra support to the maize plant.

Question:2

The essential functions of roots are anchorage and the absorption of water and minerals in the terrestrial plant. What functions are associated with the roots of aquatic plants? How are the roots of aquatic plants and terrestrial plants different?

Answer:

As is known by all, the basic function of roots is that of anchorage and absorption of water and minerals. Availability of water is not an issue for aquatic plants. That is why the roots are not properly grown in most of the aquatic plants. In these free-floating plants, the roots are very few in number and are in a structure of fine hairs. In the plants that are submerged, roots play the important role of anchorage.

Question:3

Draw diagrams of a typical monocot and dicot leave to show their venation pattern.

Answer:

Reticulate Venation

Parallel Venation

Question:4

A typical angiosperm flower consists of four floral parts. Give the names of the floral parts and their arrangements sequentially.

Answer:

The arrangement of four floral parts is as follows: starting from the periphery of the flower: Calyx, Corolla, Androecium, and Gynoecium.
The calyx is the part of the flower that is made up of green leaf-like sepals. The corolla is the part of the flower that is composed of colourful petals. The androecium is the part of the flower that consists of stamens (filaments and anthers). The gynoecium is the part of the flower that is composed of the carpel (stigma, style, and ovary).

Question:5

Given below are a few floral formulae of some well-known plants. Draw floral diagrams from these formulae.

Answer:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

Question:6

Reticulate venation is found in dicot leaves, while in monocot leaves, venation is of the parallel type. Biology, being a ‘Science of exceptions’, finds any exception to this generalization.

Answer:

These are some examples of exceptions to this generalisation:

• Parallel venation in dicot: Calophyllum, Corymbium

• Reticulate venation in monocot: Alocasia, Smilax

Question:7

You have heard about several insectivorous plants that feed on insects. Nepenthes, or the pitcher plant, is one such example, which usually grows in shallow water or in marshlands. What part of the plant is modified into a 'pitcher'? How does this modification help the plant for food, even though it can photosynthesize like any other green plant?
Answer:

The leaves of the pitcher plant are modified into a pitcher. The pitcher is facilitated with a lid that is developed from the tip of the lamina. The anterior part of the petiole is coiled like a little tendril. It helps to keep the pitcher in a vertical position.

Question:8

Mango and coconut are drupe-type fruits. In mango fleshy mesocarp is edible. What is the edible part of a coconut? What does milk of tender coconut represent?

Answer:

Coconut water is the free nuclear endosperm, which later becomes the edible white flesh. After some time, this milk becomes flesh as it gets deposited along the walls of the endocarp.

Question:9

How can you differentiate between free central and axial placentation?

Answer:

• Placentation: It is regarded as free central when the septa are absent, and the ovules are born on the central axis.

• Placentation: It is regarded as axile when the placenta is axial, and the ovules are attached to the placenta in a multilocular ovary.

Question:10

Tendrils are found in the following plants. Identify whether they are stem tendrils or leaf tendrils.

a. Cucumber

b. Peas

c. Pumpkins

d. Grapevine

e. Watermelons

Answer:

a. Cucumber – Stem tendrils

b. Peas – Leaf tendrils

c. Pumpkins – stem tendrils

d. Grapevines – stem tendrils

e. Watermelons – stem tendrils

Question:11

Why is maize grain usually called a fruit and not a seed?

Answer:

The maize grain is generally known as a caryopsis (a fruit) and not a seed, as it is a ripened ovary that contains the ripened ovule.

Question:12

Tendrils of grapevines are homologous to the tendril of pumpkins but are analogous to that of a pea. Justify the above statement.

Answer:

Tendrils of pumpkins are homologous to the tendrils of grapevines because both originate from the same part of the plant, i.e., the stem, despite having different functions. But the tendrils of grapevines and the tendrils of pumpkins are analogous to those of a pea because the function of tendrils on pumpkins is to creep, while in grapevines, it is to climb.

Question:13

The rhizome of ginger is like the roots of other plants that grow underground. Despite this fact, ginger is a stem and not a root. Justify.

Answer:

The rhizome of ginger is like the roots of other plants that grow underground. Despite this fact, ginger is a stem and not a root. Ginger is not a root but a stem, as it has internodes and nodes that roots do not possess.

Question:14

Differentiate between

a. Bract and Bracteole

b. Pulvinus and petiole

c. Pedicel and peduncle

d. Spike and spadix

e. Stamen and staminoid

f. Pollen and pollenium

Answer:

a. The bracteolate is found between the bract and the flower, while a bract is found towards the base of the pedicle.

b. Petiole is a subcylindrical stalk that connects the lamina with the leaf base, while Pulvinus is a swollen leaf base that is found in leguminous plants.

c. The Peduncle is a stalk of the whole inflorescence, while a pedicle is the stalk of a flower.

d. Spadix is a spike with a fleshy axis, often surrounded by a spathe, while in a spike, sessile flowers are attached to an elongated peduncle.

e. Every stamen represents a male reproductive organ, and the androecium is composed of stamens. The staminode is a sterile stamen.

f. Polonium is a coherent mass of pollen grains (common in orchids, Asclepiads), while pollen is a male gametophyte of angiosperms.

Detailed Answers to the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 5

These questions need detailed answers with proper explanations, diagrams, and examples wherever necessary. The NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 tests the in-depth understanding and presentation of the topic.

Question:1

Distinguish between families Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Liliaceae on the basis of gynoecium characteristics (with figures). Also, write the economic importance of any one of the above families

Answer:

The economic importance of Fabaceae can be specified as follows: -

• Source of pulses

• Medicine

• Edible oil

• Dye

• Fibres

• Fodder

• Ornamental

Question:2

Describe various stem modifications associated with food storage, climbing protection.

Answer:

The various stem modifications that are associated with food storage, climbing, and protection are as follows: -

• For storage of food, underground stems of ginger, turmeric, potato, and colocasia are modified. These stems also perform the function of organs of perennation that help get over unfavourable growth conditions.

• Developed from axillary buds, stem tendrils are spirally coiled and are slender, which helps the plants to climb. Some examples include grapevines, pumpkins, cucumbers, and watermelons etc.

It is also possible for axillary buds of the stems to be modified into straight, woody, and pointed thorns. Some of the famous examples are Citrus and Bougainvillea. Thorns help to protect the plants from animals.

Question:3

Stolon, offset, and rhizome are different forms of stem modifications. How can these modified forms of stem be distinguished from each other?

Answer:

Question:4

The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in a floral bud is known as aestivation. Draw the various types of aestivation possible for a typical pentamerous flower.

Answer:

Question:5

The arrangements of ovules within the ovary are known as placentation. What does the term placenta refer to? Name and draw various types of placentations in the flower as seen in T.S. or V.S

Answer:

The placenta is a flattened, soft, pillow-like tissue on which the ovules get attached. The placenta supplies the developing embryo with nutrients.

Question:6

Sunflower is not a flower. Explain.

Answer:

Ans. Sunflower is actually not a flower, but a bunch of flowers, altogether. An inflorescence is the term used for a bunch of exceedingly small flowers, which appear to be a single flower. These flowers are put on a receptacle in a special arrangement. This type of inflorescence of flowers is called a capitulum.

These are some characteristics of capitulum: -

• There are many tiny, sessile florets present on the receptacle.

• The youngest florets are present at the center, while the oldest florets are at the periphery.

• The receptacle is flattened.

• There are two kinds of florets in a sunflower, viz., ray florets and disc florets.

• Ray florets are present on the rim of the receptacle. These are yellow.

• Disc florets are present in the center. They are bisexual in nature and are actinomorphic.

Question:7

How do you distinguish between hypogeal germination and epigeal germination? What is the role of cotyledon (s) and the endosperm in the germination of seeds?

Answer:

Question:8

Seeds of some plants germinate immediately after shedding from the plants, while in other plants, they require a period of rest before germination. The latter phenomenon is called dormancy. Give the reasons for seed dormancy and some methods to break it.

Answer:

Reasons for seed dormancy:

The seed coat is hard, and the impermeable layers of the seeds prevent uptake of water, which inhibits growth and delays the process of germination. In some cases, the seeds have undeveloped embryos, which is the reason for the delay in germination.

Methods to break seed dormancy:
Seed dormancy can be broken by changes in the temperature of the environment and other conditions. Physical dormancy can also be broken when the seed goes through the gut of an animal that has consumed it. Mechanical dormancy is broken with the help of some external factors. Example: An animal might break the hard coat of the seed.

Also, read the NCERT solutions subject-wise

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology

Important Topics of Morphology of Flowering Plants Class 11 NCERT Exemplar

Some major subtopics of the morphology of flowering plants. All the questions given in the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 5 are based on these topics.

• Types of Roots – Taproot, Fibrous Root, Adventitious Root

• Root Modifications – Storage, Breathing, Climbing Roots

• Structure and Modifications of Stem – Underground, Aerial, and Subaerial

• Types of Leaves – Simple and Compound Leaves

• Venation – Parallel and Reticulate

• Phyllotaxy – Alternate, Opposite, and Whorled

• Types of Inflorescence – Racemose and Cymose

• Floral Formula and Floral Diagram

• Structure and Types of Fruits – Dry, Fleshy, and Aggregate Fruits

• Monocot and Dicot Seed Structure

• Important Plant Families – Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Mathematics Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Solutions

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics Solutions

Approach to Solve NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 5

Begin by carefully reading the chapter to get the exterior features and structural range of flowering plants. Given below are a few tips that students can follow:

1. Be attentive to the vocabulary, kinds, and adaptations of plant organs, and their survival value in the different environments.

2. Observe the floral structure in detail, the pattern and role of calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.

3. Practice every kind of question given in the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 5.

4. Revise by taking notes, making flowcharts, and tables for classification.

5. Regular practice of previous years' questions is important to improve exam performance.

Also, check the NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here

• NCERT Books Class 11 Biology

• NCERT Syllabus Class 11 Biology

• NCERT Books Class 11

• NCERT Syllabus Class 11

Important Question from Morphology of Flowering Plants Class 11 NCERT Exemplar

Given below is a question from the chapter Morphology of Flowering Plants. To perform well in exams, it is important to solve different types of questions. For this purpose, students can use the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 5.

Question:
Roots that develop from parts of the plant other than the radicle are called:

a) Taproots
b) Fibrous roots
c) Adventitious roots
d) Lateral roots

Answer: c) Adventitious roots

Explanation:
Adventitious roots are roots that arise from any part of the plant other than the radicle (the embryonic root). They may develop from stems, leaves, or old woody roots, and are common in many monocots and some dicots. These roots help in vegetative propagation and provide extra support to the plant. In contrast, taproots develop directly from the radicle, fibrous roots are a mass of similarly sized roots (common in grasses), and lateral roots branch off from the main root. Thus, adventitious roots are unique in their origin from non-radicle plant parts.

Must Read NCERT Notes subject-wise

• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Maths

• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Physics

• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Chemistry

• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Biology

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter Wise

The chapter-wise links are given below: