The NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 22 Chemical Coordination and Integration provides detailed explanations of how hormones interact with target organs to regulate metabolism, growth, and development. The solutions focus on the endocrine system and its role in maintaining homeostasis through hormone secretion. It also includes the structure, functions, and regulation of several endocrine glands, including the pituitary and the hypothalamus.
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Practising the questions given in the NCERT exemplar helps students understand key concepts of hormone action and feedback mechanisms. Studying the Exemplar question and answers improves the understanding of disorders such as diabetes and hypothyroidism. Students can ensure a strong understanding of Chemical Coordination and Integration and improve their overall biology scores. These give extra help to the students while attempting the problems given in the biology book.
Here are different kinds of questions, like MCQs, to help students check what they have learned. The NCERT exemplar Class 11 Biology helps them think better and understand the topic more clearly.
Question:1
Select the right match of the endocrine gland and its hormones among the options given below.
Column I | Column II |
A. Pineal | i) Epinephrine |
B.Thyroid | ii) Melatonin |
C. Ovary | iii) Estrogen |
D. Adrenal Medulla | iv) Tetraiodothyronine |
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Options:
(a) A – (iv), B – (ii), C – (iii), D – (i)
(b) A – (ii), B – (iv), C – (i), D – (iii)
(c) A – (iv), B – (ii), C – (i), D – (iii)
(d) A – (ii), B – (iv), C – (iii), D – (i)
Answer:
(d) A – (ii), B – (iv), C – (iii), D – (i) is the correct option
Question:2
Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
(a) Growth hormone
(b) Follicle-stimulating hormone
(c) Oxytocin
(d) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Answer:
The answer is option (c) Oxytocin.
Explanation: Oxytocin is produced by the posterior pituitary gland.
Question:3
Mary is about to face an interview. But during the first five minutes before the interview she experiences sweating, increased rate of heartbeat, respiration etc. Which hormone is responsible for her restlessness?
(a) Estrogen and progesterone
(b) Oxytocin and vasopressin
(c) Adrenaline and noradrenaline
(d) Insulin and glucagon
Answer:
The answer is option (c) Adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Explanation: Adrenaline and noradrenaline are also called stress hormones and can be responsible for restlessness.
Question:4
The steroid hormone responsible for the balance of water and electrolytes in our body is
(a) Insulin
(b) Melatonin
(c)Testosterone
(d) Aldosterone
Answer:
The answer is option (d) Aldosterone.
Explanation: Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water and excretion of K+ and phosphate ions; thus, it is responsible for maintaining water balance and electrolytes in our bodies.
Question:5
(a) Raising the blood sugar level
(b) Raising the blood calcium level
(c) Differentiation of T lymphocytes
(d) Decrease in RBC
Answer:
The answer is option (c) Differentiation of T lymphocytes.
Question:6
In the mechanism of action of a protein hormone, one of the second messengers is
a. Cyclic AMP
b. Insulin
c. T3
d. Gastrin
Answer:
The answer is option (a) Cyclic AMP
Explanation: Hormones that react with membrane-bound receptors and generally do not enter the target cell, but create second messengers (Cyclic AMP, IP3, Ca++, etc.)
Question:7
Leydig cells produce a group of hormones called
(a) Androgens
(b) Estrogens
(c) Aldosterone
(d) Gonadotropins
Answer:
The answer is option (a) Androgens.
Question:8
The Corpus luteum secretes a hormone called
(a) Prolactin
(b) Progesterone
(c) Aldosterone
(d) Testosterone
Answer:
The answer is option (b), Progesterone.
Question:9
Cortisol is secreted from
(a) Pancreas
(b) Thyroid
(c) Adrenal
(d) Thymus
Answer:
The answer is option (c) Adrenal
Question:10
A hormone responsible for the normal sleep-wake cycle is
(a) Epinephrine
(b) Gastrin
(c) Melatonin
(d) Insulin
Answer:
The answer is option (c) Melatonin.
Question:11
Hormones are called chemical signals that stimulate specific target tissues. Which is the correct location of these receptors in case of protein hormones?
(a) Extracellular matrix
(b) Blood
(c) Plasma membrane
(d) Nucleus
Answer:
The answer is option (c) Plasma membrane.
Question:12
Choose the correct option among the following:
Column A | Column B | ||
A. | Epinephrine | (i) | Stimulates muscle growth |
B. | Testosterone | (ii) | Decrease in blood pressure |
C. | Glucagon | (iii) | Decrease in liver glycogen content |
D. | Atrial natriuretic factor | (iv) | Increases heartbeat |
Options:
(a) A—(ii), B—(i), C—(iii), D—(iv)
(b) A—(iv), B—(i)„ C—(iii), D—(ii)
(c) A—(i), B—(ii), C—(iii), D—(iv)
(d) A—(i), B—(iv), C—(ii), D—(iii)
Answer:
The answer is option (b) A—(iv), B—(i), C—(iii), D—(ii).
Question:13
Which of the following does not play any role in calcium balance in the human body?
(a) Vitamin D
(b) Parathyroid hormone
(c) Thyrocalcitonin
(d) Thymosin
Answer:
The answer is option (d) Thymosin.
Explanation: Thymosin is responsible for the differentiation of T-lymphocytes in the body.
Question:14
Which of the following organs in mammals does not consist of a central 'medullary' region surrounded by a cortical region?
(a) Ovary
(b) Liver
(c) Adrenal
(d) Kidney
Answer:
The answer is option (b) Liver.
Question:15
Which of the following conditions is not linked to a deficiency of thyroid hormone?
(a) Cretinism
(b) Goitre
(c) Myxedema
(d) Exophthalmos
Answer:
The answer is option (d) Exophthalmos.
Explanation: Exophthalmos happens due to hyperthyroidism.
Question:1
Answer:
Ovaries are glands that are absent in males, and testes are absent in females.
Question:2
Answer:
The outermost layer is the Zona glomerulosa, and the innermost layer of the adrenal gland is the Zona reticularis.
Question:3
What is erythropoiesis? Which hormone stimulates it?
Answer:
The process of formation of RBCs from the bone marrow is known as erythropoiesis. It is stimulated by the hormone called erythropoietin.
Question:4
Name the only hormone secreted by the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland.
Answer:
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is the only hormone secreted by the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland.
Question:5
Name the endocrine gland that produces calcitonin and mention the role played by this hormone.
Answer:
The thyroid gland produces calcitonin or thyrocalcitonin. Calcitonin hormone regulates blood calcium levels in the body.
Question:6
Name the hormone that helps in cell-mediated immunity.
Answer:
Thymosin is the hormone that helps in cell-mediated immunity.
Question:7
What is the role of the second messenger in the mechanism of protein hormone action?
Answer:
The Second messenger helps regulate cell metabolism. The hormones that react with the membrane-bound receptors generally do not enter the cell. Instead of that, they create second messengers and, in doing so, affect the functioning of the target cells.
Question:8
State whether true or false:
(a) The gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and heart also produce hormones.
(b) Pars distalis produces six trophic hormones.
(c) B-lymphocytes provide cell-mediated immunity.
(d) Insulin resistance results in a disease called diabetes mellitus.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) True
(c) False
(d) True
Question:9
Answer:
The doctor intends to measure Vasopressin or Antidiuretic hormones because low levels of these hormones can cause excessive passing of urine and low blood pressure in humans.
Question:10
Correct the following statements by replacing the underlined term.
(a) Insulin is a steroid hormone.
(b) TSH is secreted from the corpus luteum.
(c) Tetraiodothyronine is an emergency hormone.
(d) The pineal gland is located on the anterior part of the kidney.
Answer:
(a) Insulin is a peptide hormone.
(b) TSH is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.
(c) Tetraiodothyronine is a maintenance hormone.
(d) The adrenal gland is located on the anterior part of the kidney.
Question:11
Rearrange the following hormones in Column I so as to match their chemical nature in Column II.
Column I | Column II |
(a) Oxytocin | i) Amino acid derivative |
(b) Epinephrine | ii) Steroid |
(c) Progesterone | (iii)Protein |
(d) Growth hormone | (iv) Peptide |
Answer:
The answer is option (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c ) - (ii), (d) - (iv)
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Question:1
What is the role played by luteinizing hormones in males and females respectively?
Answer:
Luteinizing hormones play the following roles: -
In Males: They help in stimulating the Leydig cell production of testosterone.
In Females, They help in stimulating the process of ovulation.
Question:2
What is the role of the second messenger in hormone action?
Answer:
Extracellular substances, such as some hormones that do not cross the plasma membrane, are called the first messenger. In cases like these, second messengers are produced so that they can enter the cell. Second messengers trigger various physiological changes in a cell. Hence, second messengers play the role of connecting the signals from the first messengers.
Question:3
On an educational trip to Uttaranchal, Ketki and her friends observed that many local people had swollen necks. Please help Ketki and her friends find the solutions to the following questions.
(a) Which probable disease are these people suffering from?
(b) How is it caused?
(c) What effect does this condition have on pregnancy?
Answer:
(a) The people are suffering from a health condition called the goitre.
(b) Goitre is caused by dietary iodine deficiency.
(c) If a pregnant woman is suffering from goitre, which is associated with hypothyroidism, it can have adverse effects on the foetus. Goitre causes defective development and maturation of the growing baby, leading to stunted growth, mental retardation, abnormal skin, and deaf-mutism.
Question:4
Answer:
The body's biological clock follows a set pattern during the 24 hours called the circadian rhythm. If a person travels through different time zones for long hours, his circadian rhythm gets troubled. As a result, the person suffers from jet lag.
This causes sleep disturbance, bowel habits, anorexia, etc.
Question:5
Answer:
Inflammatory responses are controlled by a steroid called cortisol. The cortisol hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex. Cortisol is one of the many corticoids secreted by the adrenal gland. It also stimulates RBC production and influences or modulates a lot of changes that happen in the body in response to stress, etc.
Question:6
Old people have weak immune systems. What could be the reason?
Answer:
The thymus gland in the body does the job of secreting the hormone called thymosin, which plays a big role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes are responsible for cell-mediated immune response. In old people, because of their age, their thymus gland starts to degenerate, which results in reduced production of thymosin. Thus, old people have weak immune systems.
Question:7
Answer:
If a pregnant woman is suffering from hypothyroidism, it can have adverse effects on the development and maturation of the fetus. Their foetus's growth can be stunted, which can result in an underweight newborn. The effects of hypothyroidism remain after birth and do not go away. The baby's brain may not develop, and they may show signs of intellectual disability. The baby can also develop abnormal skin and deaf-mutism.
Question:8
Mention the difference between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
Answer:
Hypothyroidism | Hyperthyroidism |
Requires less than normal secretion of thyroid hormone. | Requires more than normal production of thyroid hormone. |
Decreases the metabolic rate in the body. | Increases metabolic rate. |
It may happen because of iodine deficiency in the body. | It may happen because of the development of tumours or nodules in the thyroid gland. |
Symptoms are fatigue, dry hair, dry skin, muscle cramps, decreased menstrual flow, etc. | Symptoms are feeling hot, forgetfulness, sweating, increased heart rate, disturbed bowel movement, etc. |
Question:9
High levels of LH in the blood, but low levels of E2 in the blood. Another woman exhibits a high level of LH in the blood and also a high level of E2 in the blood. Where lies the defect in both these women? Provide a suitable diagram to support the answer.
Answer:
In the body, the level of LH in the blood is generally low before puberty, and it starts to increase during the reproductive phase. LH levels in the blood during the reproductive phase are dependent on the specific phase of the ovulation cycle that the woman is going through. When ovulation is about to happen, the LH level peaks, and so does the level of E2. This displays normal conditions.
But in the case of older women, LH levels in the body is higher, and it goes along with the low levels of E2. A low level of E2 displays the end of the reproductive phase. It is known that menopause marks the end of the reproductive phase for women. After menopause, no or negligible oocytes are left in the ovary. Hence, LH is not being utilized the way it was during the reproductive phase. This explains the reason for the increased level of LH in the blood in older women.
Question:1
Answer:
Ans. Milk secretion in mammals is provoked by the hormone known as oxytocin, which works on positive feedback mechanisms.
(a) When the calf suckles on the cow's udder, it stimulates the nerve impulses.
(b) Nerve impulses to sent to the hypothalamus, which starts producing oxytocin in the body.
(c) Therefore, Oxytocin results in the contraction of the smooth muscles around the alveoli (in the cow's udder) and hence milk is released.
Udder (suckling stimulus) → Hypothalamus→ Posterior lobe of pituitary →Oxytocin (in the blood)→ Udder (Smooth muscles) → Milk flow.
Question:2
A sample of urine was diagnosed to contain a high content of glucose and ketone bodies. Based on this observation, answer the following:
(a) Which endocrine gland and hormone is related to this condition?
(b) Name the cells on which this hormone acts.
(c) What is the condition called, and how can it be rectified?
Answer:
(a) The pancreas is the endocrine gland, and insulin is the hormone that is related to this condition.
(b) Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes.
(c) This condition is called diabetes. This can be controlled by changing some dietary habits, medications etc. In some cases, the patient may need to take insulin on a daily basis.
Question:3
Answer:
The movement of calcium ions between the body fluids and cells is known as calcium homeostasis. Calcium plays a critical role in different metabolic processes and is also an important part of the bones. Hence, maintaining the levels of calcium in body fluids, cells, and bones is very highly important. Both the thyroid and parathyroid hormones play great roles in calcium homeostasis.
Question:4
Illustrate the differences between the mechanisms of action of a protein and a steroid hormone.
Answer:
Protein hormones | Steroid hormones |
They correspond with the membrane-bound receptors. | They correspond with the intracellular receptors. |
They give rise to a second messenger for further action. | They do not give rise to second messengers. |
The effect of these hormones changes cellular metabolism. | The effect of these hormones changes gene expression or chromosome function. |
Examples: insulin, glucagon, etc | Examples: cortisol, testosterone, etc. |
|
|
Question:5
The Hypothalamus is a super master endocrine gland. Elaborate.
Answer:
Ans. The hypothalamus consists of many groups of neurosecretory cells, which are called nuclei that produce hormones. These hormones control the synthesis and production of pituitary hormones. The hypothalamus produces two types of hormones, i.e., releasing hormones (that revivify the secretion of pituitary hormones) and inhibiting hormones (which inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones). The Pituitary gland produces the maximum number of hormones in the body, but many hormones secreted from the pituitary gland regulate the function of other endocrine glands in the body. In fact, all the other endocrine glands are controlled by the hormones that are produced by the pituitary gland. Thus, the pituitary gland is popularly known as the 'Master Gland,' But the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus regulate the production of hormones from the pituitary gland. Due to this, the hypothalamus can also be known as the 'Super Master Gland' of the body.
Also, check the NCERT Books and the NCERT Syllabus here
The student should start by thoroughly understanding the functions and locations of various endocrine glands and their secreted hormones, and the physiological effects. They should pay attention to hormone interactions and disorders caused by their imbalances, as they are commonly asked in both NEET and board exams. They should practise diagram-based questions and case studies that involve the symptoms of hormonal disorders. For exemplar and higher-order thinking skill questions, they should focus on comparing plant and animal hormonal systems and logical reasoning related to feedback mechanisms. They should revise regularly and practice the Class 11 NCERT Exemplar Solutions to improve their conceptual clarity.
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Solutions for Other Subjects
The important topics for the chapter are given below-
Also, read the NCERT Solution subject-wise
Solving exemplar problems provides many advantages to students, some of which are mentioned below. The Chemical Coordination and Integration chapter explains how hormones regulate various body processes through the endocrine system.
The questions given below help students understand the basic concepts of chemical coordination and how hormones regulate various processes in living organisms.
Question 1: Which of the following conditions is not linked to a deficiency of thyroid hormone?
Option 1. Cretinism
Option 2. Goitre
Option 3. Myxedema
Option 4. Exophthalmos
Answer:
Exophthalmos happens due to hyperthyroidism. Exophthalmos, or bulging of the eyes, is a common symptom of Graves' disease, a form of hyperthyroidism. It occurs due to inflammation and swelling of the tissues and muscles behind the eyes caused by an autoimmune response.
Hence, the correct answer is option (4), Exophthalmos.
Question 2: Which of the following organs in mammals does not consist of a central 'medullary' region surrounded by a cortical region?
Option 1. Ovary
Option 2. Liver
Option 3. Adrenal
Option 4. Kidney
Answer:
The ovary has a cortical region on the outside, containing follicles, and a medullary region in the center, which contains blood vessels and connective tissue. Adrenal Glands consist of an outer cortex, which secretes corticosteroids, and an inner medulla that secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline. The kidney has an outer cortex containing nephrons and an inner medulla consisting of renal pyramids and tubules. It's only the liver that does not have a defined central medullary region or an outer cortical region.
Hence, the correct answer is option (2), Liver.
Question 3: Hormones are called chemical signals that stimulate specific target tissues. Which is the correct location of these receptors in the case of protein hormones?
Option 1. Extracellular matrix
Option 2. Blood
Option 3. Plasma membrane
Option 4. Nucleus
Answer:
Hormones act as vital chemical signals within the body, responsible for stimulating particular target tissues to initiate specific responses. For protein hormones, their receptors are embedded in the plasma membrane of cells. This location is important as it allows the hormones to bind to the receptors on the plasma membrane and trigger a cascade of cellular activities essential for maintaining various physiological processes.
Hence, the correct answer is option (3), Plasma Membrane.
Question 4: Which hormone is responsible for regulating the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in humans?
Option 1. Insulin
Option 2. Thyroxine
Option 3. Adrenaline
Option 4. Growth hormone
Answer:
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) refers to the minimum amount of energy required to maintain vital body functions at rest. Thyroxine, a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, plays a key role in regulating metabolism, oxygen consumption, and energy production in the body. An increase or decrease in thyroxine levels directly affects the BMR.
Hence, the correct answer is option (2), Thyroxine.
Question 5: Which of the following hormones is not a steroid hormone?
Option 1. Cortisol
Option 2. Aldosterone
Option 3. Testosterone
Option 4. Insulin
Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol, such as cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone. Insulin, on the other hand, is a protein (peptide) hormone produced by the pancreas and is water-soluble.
Hence, the correct answer is option (4), Insulin.
Must Read NCERT Notes subject-wise
The NCERT exemplar chapter-wise solutions are given below for quick and easy access-
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Those students who are appearing for the entrance exam for higher education and those who want to score high in their final exams.
The entire chapter covers the endocrine system of the human body, the hormones, glands and hormonal action.
The major endocrine glands and their primary functions include the pituitary (growth, metabolism, reproduction), thyroid (metabolism), parathyroid (calcium regulation), adrenal (stress response, blood pressure), pancreas (blood sugar), ovaries (female reproduction), and testes (male reproduction).
Thyroid hormones, primarily T3 and T4, are crucial for regulating metabolism by influencing the basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is the amount of energy your body uses at rest, and affecting the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Insulin regulates blood sugar by facilitating glucose uptake into cells, promoting glucose storage as glycogen, and suppressing glucose production by the liver, thus lowering blood glucose levels.
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) can lead to stunted growth in children, and delayed puberty, and in adults, it can cause reduced muscle mass, increased body fat, fatigue, and other metabolic and cardiovascular issues.
During a stress response, adrenal glands, located atop the kidneys, release hormones like adrenaline (epinephrine) and cortisol, preparing the body for a "fight-or-flight" reaction by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels.
Exocrine glands secrete their substances through ducts onto your body's surfaces. On the other hand, endocrine glands secrete their substances directly into your bloodstream. They're called ductless glands.
Feedback mechanisms, primarily negative feedback, control hormone secretion by regulating hormone levels in the blood, ensuring they stay within a narrow range, while positive feedback amplifies the effect.
Hormones, chemical messengers released by the endocrine system, regulate body functions by traveling through the bloodstream and binding to specific receptors on target cells, triggering a cascade of responses that affect cellular activity and ultimately influence various physiological processes.
A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is
| Option 1)
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Option 2)
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Option 4)
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An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range
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Option 2)
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| Option 3)
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Option 4)
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A particle is projected at 600 to the horizontal with a kinetic energy . The kinetic energy at the highest point
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Option 2)
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Option 4)
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In the reaction,
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Option 2)
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Option 4)
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How many moles of magnesium phosphate, will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?
| Option 1)
0.02 |
Option 2)
3.125 × 10-2 |
| Option 3)
1.25 × 10-2 |
Option 4)
2.5 × 10-2 |
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