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NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement
Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Apr 04, 2025 05:42 PM IST
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 20 deals with Locomotion and Movement, two fundamental qualities of living organisms. The chapter touches on various subjects such as types of movement, muscles, the skeletal system, joints, and muscular and skeletal system disorders. With the help of the NCERT Exemplar Solutions, students can improve their knowledge of these concepts and prepare effectively for their exams. The solutions contain a range of question types like multiple-choice questions (MCQs), short answer questions, long answer questions, and key diagrams.
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This Story also Contains
- Detailed Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Science Chapte20 Locomotion and Movement(Multiple Choice Questions)
- Access Answers to Class 11 Science NCERT Exemplar for Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement(Very Short Answer Questions)
- Get Answers to the Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Science (Short Answer Questions)
- Know Answers to Locomotion and Movement Chapter 20 NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Science (Long Answer Questions)
- Overview of Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Locomotion and Movement
- Major topics and subtopics of Chapter 17
- Important Diagrams for Class 11 Biology Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement
- NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter Wise
These solutions are designed to help students achieve high marks in board exams and competitive entrance exams. They offer easy explanations and are structured to aid students in revising key points at a quick speed before final exams. Also, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 are a must-have tool for students who wish to strengthen their understanding of the subject.
Detailed Answers to the NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Science Chapte20 Locomotion and Movement(Multiple Choice Questions)
The detailed answers to the MCQ solutions are given below:
Question:1
Match the following and mark the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | Fast muscle fibres | (i) | Myoglobin |
| B. | Slow muscle fibres | (ii) | Lactic acid |
| C. | Actin filament | (iii) | Contractile unit |
| D. | Sarcomere | (iv) | I-band |
Options:
(a) A—(i), B—(ii), C—(iv), D—(iii)
(b) A—(ii), B—(i), C—(iii), D—(iv)
(c) A—(ii), B—(i), C—(iv), D—(iii)
(d) A—(iii), B—(ii), C—(iv), D—(i)
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) A—(ii), B—(i), C—(iv), D—(iii).Question:2
Ribs are attached to
(a) Scapula (b) Sternum (c) Clavicle (d) Ilium
Answer:
The answer is option (b). Ribs are attached to the sternum.Question:3
What is the type of movable joint present between the atlas and axis?
(a) Pivot (b) Saddle (c) Hinge (d) Gliding
Answer:
The answer is option (a) Pivot joint: Between the atlas and axis, called atlanto-axial joint.Question:4
ATPase of the muscle is located in
(a) Actinin (b) Troponin (c) Myosin (d) Actin
Answer:
The answer is option (c), Myosin.Question:5
Intervertebral disc is found in the vertebral column of
(a) Birds (b) Reptiles (c) Mammals (d) Amphibians
Answer:
The answer is option (c) Mammals.Question:6
Which one of the following is showing the correct sequential order of vertebrae in the vertebral column of human beings?
(a) Cervical — lumbar — thoracic — sacral — coccygeal
(b) Cervical — thoracic — sacral — lumbar — coccygeal
(c) Cervical — sacral — thoracic — lumbar — coccygeal
(d) Cervical — thoracic — lumbar — sacral — coccygeal
Answer:
The answer is option (d) Cervical—thoracic—lumbar—sacral—coccygealas it shows the correct sequential order of vertebrae in the vertebral column of human beings.
Question:7
Which one of the following options is incorrect?
(a) Hinge joint—between humerus and pectoral girdle
(b) Pivot joint—between the atlas, axis and occipital condyle
(c) Gliding joint—between the carpals
(d) Saddle joint—between carpel and metacarpals of thumb
Answer:
The answer is option (a), Hinge joint—Knee joint and elbow jointQuestion:8
Knee joints and elbow joints are examples of
(a) Saddle joint (b) Ball and socket joint
(c) Pivot joint (d) Hinge joint
Answer:
The answer is option (d) Knee joint and the elbow joints are examples of hinge joints.Question:9
Macrophages and leucocytes exhibit
(a) Ciliary movement
(b) Flagellar movement
(c) Amoeboid movement
(d) Gliding movement
Answer:
The answer is option (c) Amoeboid movementsQuestion:10
Which one of the following is not a disorder of bone?
(a) Arthritis
(b) Osteoporosis
(c) Rickets
(d) Atherosclerosis
Answer:
The answer is option (d) Atherosclerosis, which is a disorder affecting the circulatory system.Question:11
Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) Heart muscles are striated and involuntary
(b) The muscles of hands and legs are striated and voluntary
(c) The muscles located in the inner walls of the alimentary canal are striated and involuntary
(d) Muscles located in the reproductive tracts are unstriated and involuntary
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) The muscles located in the inner walls of alimentary canal are non- striated and involuntary.Question:12
Which one of the following statements is true?
(a) The head of the humerus bone articulates with the acetabulum of the pectoral girdle
(b) The head of the humerus bone articulates with the glenoid cavity of the pectoral girdle
(c) The head of the humerus bone articulates with a cavity called the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle
(d) The head of the humerus bone articulates with the glenoid cavity of the pelvic girdle
Answer:
The answer is option (b) Head of the humerus bone articulates with the glenoid cavity of the pectoral girdle.Question:13
Muscles with characteristic striations and involuntary movements are
(a) Muscles in the wall of the alimentary canal
(b) Muscles of the heart
(c) Muscles assisting locomotion
(d) Muscles of the eyelids
Answer:
The answer is option (b), Muscles of the hear,t i.e. the Cardiac muscles.Question:14
Match the following and mark the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | Sternum | (i) | Synovial fluid |
| B. | Glenoid cavity | (ii) | Vertebrae |
| C. | Freely movable joint | (iii) | Pectoral girdle |
| D. | Cartilaginous joint | (iv) | Flat bones |
(a) A—(ii), B—(i), C—{iii), D—(iv)
(b) A—(iv), B—(iii), C—(i), D—(ii)
(c) A—(ii), B—(i), C—(iv), D—(iii)
(d) A—(iii), B—(i), C—(ii), D—(iv)
Answer: The correct answer is(b)A—(iv), B—(iii), C—(i), D—(ii)
Access Answers to Class 11 Science NCERT Exemplar for Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement(Very Short Answer Questions)
The detailed answers to the very short answer questions are given below:
Question:1
Name the cells/tissues in the human body which
(a) Exhibit ameboid movement
(b) Exhibit ciliary movement.
Answer:
(a) The cells/tissues in the human body which exhibit ameboid movement are Macrophages.(b) The cells/tissues in the human body which exhibit ciliary movement are the Ciliated epithelium.
Question:2
Locomotion requires a perfect coordinated activity of muscular, _____system
Answer:
Neural and skeletal.Question:3
Answer:
All of these terms are related to muscle cells. Sarcolemma is the lining over a muscle fibre. Sarcoplasm is the protoplasm in the muscle fibre. Sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle fibre.Question:5
Answer:
The correct sequence beginning from ear eardrum is malleus, incus, and stapes.Question:6
What is the difference between the matrix of bones and cartilage?
Answer:
| Matrix | Cartilage |
| The bone matrix is hard due to the presence of calcium salts. | The cartilage matrix is pliable due to chondroitin salts. |
Question:7
Which tissue is affected by Myasthenia gravis? What is the underlying cause?
Answer:
Skeletal muscle. It happens due to an immune disorder.Question:8
How do our bone joints function without grinding noise and pain?
Answer:
The joints are enclosed in a capsule filled with a lubricating fluid. This helps in the movement of joints without causing any pain and grinding noise.Question:9
Give the location of a ball and socket joint in the human body.
Answer:
It is present between the femur and pelvic girdle and also between the humerus and pectoral girdle.Question:10
Our forearm is made of three different bones. Comment.
Answer:
The three different bones making up a human forearm are the humerus, radius and ulna.Get Answers to the Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Science (Short Answer Questions)
The detailed answers to the short answer questions are given below:
Question:1
With respect to the rib cage, explain the following:
(a) Bicephalic ribs
(b) True ribs
(c) Floating ribs
Answer:
(a) Each rib has two articulation surfaces at its dorsal end and is called a bicephalic rib.(b) The first seven pairs of ribs are known as the true ribs. They are dorsally attached to the thoracic vertebrae and to the sternum ventrally.
(c) The last two pairs of ribs are not connected ventrally and are called floating ribs.
Question:2
Answer:
This condition is known as Rheumatoid Arthritis, and it is caused due to wear and tear of the joint. The possible symptoms are,- Smoking
- Lack of Vitamin D in the diet
- Genetic factors
- Synovial membrane inflammation
Question:3
Exchange of calcium between bone and extracellular fluid takes place under the influence of certain hormones:
(a) What will happen if more of Ca++ is in the extracellular fluid?:
(b) What will happen if a very small amount of Ca++ is in the extracellular fluid?
Answer:
(a) It will cause a reduced heart rate and increased contractility of the heart.(b) It will cause tetanus, which is manifested as rapid spasms in muscles.
Question:4
Name at least two hormones which result in fluctuation of Ca++ level.
Answer:
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormones.Question:5
Rahul exercises regularly by visiting a gymnasium. Of late, he has been gaining weight. What could be the reason? Choose the correct answer and elaborate.
(a) Rahul has gained weight due to the accumulation of fats in the body.
(b) Rahul has gained weight due to increased muscle and less fat.
(c) Rohit has gained weight because his muscle shape has improved.
(d) Rohit has gained weight because he is accumulating water in the body.
Answer:
The answer is option (c).When someone starts rigorous exercise, they build up muscles. It is true that fat is burnt during exercise but the rate of muscle building up may be more than the rate of burning of fat. This is why Rohit has gained weight.
Question:6
Answer the following questions.
(a) What happened to her muscles when she did strenuous exercise?
(b) How did her breathing rate change?
Answer:
(a) Strenous exercise increases the strain on the muscles.(b) Breathing changes from normal to high while running on a treadmill. Due to an increase in the workload on the muscles, the energy consumption of muscles also increased.
As a result, higher demand for carbohydrates is required. Also, the oxygen demand by the muscles increases. This is fulfilled by the increased blood supply to the muscles. The heart and lungs work at a faster pace
to fulfill the increased demand.
Question:7
Answer:
Gout is the recurrent attack of an acute inflammatory arthritis. It usually affects the big toe and other joints. This happens due to accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints, tendons and the surrounding tissues.Question:8
What is the source of energy for muscle contraction?
Answer:
ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate) is the main source to provide energy for muscular contraction.Question:9
What are the points for articulation of the Pelvic and Pectoral girdles?
Answer:
In the pelvic girdle, the point of articulation is the acetabulum. It articulates with the femur.In the sectoral girdle, the glenoid cavity is the point of articulation. It articulates with the humerus.
Know Answers to Locomotion and Movement Chapter 20 NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Science (Long Answer Questions)
The detailed answers to the Long answer questions are given below:
Question:1
Answer:
Muscle contraction is initiated by a neural signal from the central nervous system through a motor neuron. This occurs due to gradient of calcium ions. When calcium ions start entering the muscle cells, actin, and myosin filaments slide towards each other, resulting in contraction of muscle. When calcium ions come out of the muscle cells, actin and myosin filaments move back to their positions and the muscle relaxes.
Thus, a higher level of calcium ions in blood implies a lower level of calcium in muscles. This leads to poor contractility of muscles. Whereas, when the level of calcium in the blood is low, a higher level of calcium in muscles. This may result in an uncontrolled contraction of muscles called tetany.
Question:2
Answer:
A rubber-like disc is located between each consecutive vertebra working like a shock absorber. Sometimes, the disc gets displaced and the condition is called slipped disc or prolapsed disc. Slipped disc can severely affect the quality of life of the patient. It puts pressure especially on the nerve coming out of the vertebral column, causing severe pain in the back as well as numbness in the area which is under control of the affected nerve.Slipped disc can also cause sciatica pain. The pain begins from the upper thigh and goes up to the lower legs. Sometimes, pins and needle sensation also persist for a long duration.
Question:3
Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction with neat sketches.
Answer:
As per Sliding filament theory, when actin and myosin filaments slide towards each other, muscle contraction takes place.- A neural signal reaching to neuromuscular junction releases a neurotransmitter (Acetyl choline) which generates an action potential in the sarcolemma. Once the action potential is generated, calcium channels in the muscle cells open and allow the entry of calcium ions.
- Increase of Ca ++ levels result in binding of calcium to troponin on the actin filament and bring about conformational changes. This removes the masking of active sites on myosin filaments.
- Myosin, a polymer of meromyosin,s has a head, arm, and tail as its important parts. The head, also called heavy meromyosin (HMM) utilizes the energy from ATP hydrolysis and binds with the active site on actin.
- This results in formation of a crossbridge between actin and myosin. This pulls the attached actin filaments towards the centre of 'A' band. The Z- line attached to actin are also pulled inwards and contraction of muscle fibre happens.
Question:4
How does a muscle shorten during its contraction and return to its original form during relaxation?
Answer:
Relaxation of muscles happens when actin and myosin filaments slide away from each other. The striations appear in the striated muscles due to the alternate bands of myosin and actin. The band of actin, i.e. the I band, is light in colour and with an elastic band called the Z line, it is held in the middle. The myosin band has a darker colour and is called the A band, and by an elastic band calledthe M line, it is held in the middle.
During contraction, the position of the Z line changes to M, making the muscle fibre shorter. During relaxation, the actin filaments move to their original position and the muscle fibre becomes longer.
Question:5
Discuss the role of Ca 2+ ions in muscle contraction. Draw neat sketches to illustrate your answer.
Answer:
Calcium ions play an important role in muscle contraction. There are minute channels in muscle cells through which the calcium ions enter, known as calcium channels. When a neurotransmitter enters the muscle cell, it initiates an action potential. As a result, calcium channels open and allow entry of calcium ions. Calcium ion binds to the troponin on the myofibril. This results in the removal of masking from the active site on myosin. Myosin then utilizes energy from ATP and moves towards actin to form a cross-bridge. This subsequently results in actin sliding towards each other and eventually the muscle contracts. After that, the calcium ions move out from the muscle cells, and actin filaments move back to their original position. This results in the relaxation of the muscle.
Question:6
Differentiate between the Pectoral and the Pelvic girdle.
Answer:
| Pectoral girdle | Pelvic girdle |
| It is present in the anterior portion of the body. | It is present in the posterior portion of the body. |
| The glenoid cavity is the articulation point. | The acetabulum is the articulation point |
| It is composed of two bones. | It is composed of three bones. |
| The humerus bone articulates with the pectoral girdle. | The femur articulates with the pelvic girdle. |
| It helps with the articulation of bones in the forelimbs, lifting, etc. | Its function is walking, standing, jumping and articulation of the bones of the hind limbs. |
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Solutions for Other Subjects
Overview of Class 11 Biology Chapter 17 Locomotion and Movement
The NCERT Class 11 Solutions for Biology offers students solutions to all the chapters in a downloadable format. Try to understand all the concepts of every topic given in Class 11 Chapter 17 Biology NCERT Solutions and then write the answers to all these questions on your own, which will let you know whether your answers and concepts are correct or not.
Also, read NCERT Solution subject-wise
- NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths
- NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics
- NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry
Major topics and subtopics of Chapter 17
The important topics include:
Types of Movement
- The different kinds of movement discussed under this topic include amoeboid, ciliary, and muscular movement.
- WBCs and macrophages perform the amoeboid movement, ciliary movement is achieved by the cilia present in the respiratory tract and reproductive system.
- The muscular system involves the movement of muscles in skeletal muscle that work along with the bones in the animals.
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Apply NowMuscle
- The different types of muscle discussed under this topic are skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles, and all perform different functions.
- Skeletal muscles aid in voluntary movement, involuntary movement is controlled by smooth muscles and cardiac muscles make sure that heart muscles are beating throughout.
Skeletal System
- The skeletal system provides the required shape, support and protection to the body framework.
- The skeleton consists of 206 bones, classified into the axial and appendicular skeletons.
- The bones, along with the muscles, help in body movement and locomotion.
Joints
- Joints are divided into fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints based on location and mobility.
- Synovial joints allow the maximum mobility, followed by cartilaginous and fibrous joints.
Disorders of the Muscular and Skeletal System
- Various conditions affect the skeletal muscles and bones.
- Diseases such as Myasthenia gravis, osteoporosis, arthritis, gout, etc. are also discussed under this topic.
- These disorders affect movement and locomotion, which require medical treatment.
Must Read NCERT Notes subject-wise
- NCERT Notes for Class 11 Maths
- NCERT Notes for Class 11 Physics
- NCERT Notes for Class 11 Chemistry
- NCERT Notes for Class 11 Biology
Important Diagrams for Class 11 Biology Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement
The important diagrams of the chapter are given below-
Skeletal muscle
The structure of skeletal muscle is given below.
Sliding filament theory
The sliding filament theory is given below.
Vertebral column
The figure of the vertebral column (different sides) is shown below.
Also, check the NCERT Books and the NCERT Syllabus here
- NCERT Books Class 11 Biology
- NCERT Syllabus Class 11 Biology
- NCERT Books Class 11
- NCERT Syllabus Class 11
Thorax
The diagram of the thorax is given below.
Pectoral Girdle
The diagram of the pectoral girdle is given below.
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter Wise
The chapterwise links are given below:
Chapter 20 of the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions, "Locomotion and Movement," gives a thorough analysis of key concepts regarding movement in living organisms. From discussing the types of muscles and the skeletal system to disorders of joints, the chapter makes students well aware of this crucial biological process. The in-depth solutions, with different question types and diagrams, are a great study aid for exam preparation and reiterating important concepts, and thus an essential guide for students looking to score well in both board and competitive exams.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology: Chapter-wise
The NCERT solutions for all the class 11 biology chapters are given below:-
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is locomotion and movement in Class 11 Biology?
Locomotion refers to the movement of an organism from one place to another, while movement includes any change in position or posture within the body, such as muscle contraction or joint movement.
2. What are the types of movement in the human body?
Types include:
- Amoeboid movement (e.g., white blood cells).
- Ciliary movement (e.g., respiratory tract).
- Muscular movement (e.g., skeletal muscles for locomotion).
3. How do skeletal muscles contribute to locomotion?
Skeletal muscles contract and pull on bones via tendons, creating movement. They work in pairs (antagonistic muscles) to produce coordinated actions like walking or running
4. What are the different types of joints in the human body?
Types include:
- Ball-and-socket joints (e.g., shoulder, hip).
- Hinge joints (e.g., elbow, knee).
- Pivot joints (e.g., neck).
- Gliding joints (e.g., wrist).
- Fixed joints (e.g., skull).
5. What is the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?
The sliding filament theory explains muscle contraction as actin filaments sliding over myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere and producing force
6. How do actin and myosin filaments work during muscle contraction?
Myosin heads bind to actin filaments, forming cross-bridges. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to pull actin filaments inward, leading to sarcomere shortening
7. What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?
Calcium ions released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum bind to troponin on actin filaments, exposing binding sites for myosin and initiating contraction
8. How does ATP play a role in muscle contraction and relaxation?
ATP provides energy for myosin heads to detach from actin after contraction and powers calcium ion pumps for muscle relaxation
9. What are the different types of muscles in the human body?
- Skeletal muscles: Voluntary control; attached to bones for movement.
- Cardiac muscles: Involuntary control; found in the heart for pumping blood.
- Smooth muscles: Involuntary control; found in organs like intestines and blood vessels
10. How do bones and muscles work together for movement?
Muscles contract and pull on bones via tendons, creating movement at joints. Bones provide a rigid framework for muscle attachment.
11. What are common disorders related to locomotion and movement?
Disorders include:
- Arthritis (joint inflammation).
- Osteoporosis (bone weakening).
- Tendonitis (tendon inflammation).
- Sarcopenia (muscle degeneration)
12. How does the human skeleton provide support and movement?
The skeleton provides structural support, protects organs, stores minerals, and allows movement through its interaction with muscles
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