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NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement

Edited By Priyanka kumari | Updated on Aug 22, 2022 01:06 PM IST

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 20 deals with Locomotion and Movement. Movement is one of the basic features of living beings. Animals and plants cover a wide range of movements. As per NCERT exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 20, the streaming of protoplasm in unicellular organisms like Amoeba is a kind of a simple form of movement. Class 11 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 20 is prepared by experts as per student’s learning capabilities.
Also, check NCERT Class 11 Biology Solutions

This Story also Contains
  1. Multiple Choice Questions:
  2. Very Short Answer Type Questions:
  3. Short Answer Type Questions:
  4. Long Answer Type Questions:
  5. More About NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 20
  6. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement - Main Sub Topics
  7. What will students learn in NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 20?
  8. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter-Wise
  9. Important Topics Covered in NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question:1

Match the following and mark the correct option.

Column IColumn II
A.Fast muscle fibres(i)Myoglobin
B.Slow muscle fibres(ii)Lactic acid
C.Actin filament(iii)Contractile unit
D.Sarcomere(iv)I-band


Options:
(a) A—(i), B—(ii), C—(iv), D—(iii)
(b) A—(ii), B—(i), C—(iii), D—(iv)
(c) A—(ii), B—(i), C—(iv), D—(iii)
(d) A—(iii), B—(ii), C—(iv), D—(i)

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) A—(ii), B—(i), C—(iv), D—(iii).

Question:2

Ribs are attached to
(a) Scapula (b) Sternum (c) Clavicle (d) Ilium

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Ribs are attached to sternum.

Question:3

What is the type of movable joint present between the atlas and axis?
(a) Pivot (b) Saddle (c) Hinge (d) Gliding

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) Pivot joint: Between atlas and axis called atlanto-axial joint.

Question:4

ATPase of the muscle is located in
(a) Actinin (b) Troponin (c) Myosin (d) Actin

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Myosin.

Question:5

Intervertebral disc is found in the vertebral column of
(a) Birds (b) Reptiles (c) Mammals (d) Amphibians

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Mammals.

Question:6

Which one of the following is showing the correct sequential order of vertebrae in the vertebral column of human beings?
(a) Cervical — lumbar — thoracic — sacral — coccygeal
(b) Cervical — thoracic — sacral — lumbar — coccygeal
(c) Cervical — sacral — thoracic — lumbar — coccygeal
(d) Cervical — thoracic — lumbar — sacral — coccygeal

Answer:

The answer is the option (d) Cervical—thoracic—lumbar—sacral—coccygeal
as it shows the correct sequential order of vertebrae in the vertebral column of human beings.

Question:7

Which one of the following options is incorrect?
(a) Hinge joint—between humerus and pectoral girdle
(b) Pivot joint—between atlas, axis and occipital condyle
(c) Gliding joint—between the carpals
(d) Saddle joint—between carpel and metacarpals of thumb

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) Hinge joint—Knee joint and elbow joint

Question:8

Knee joint and elbow joints are examples of
(a) Saddle joint (b) Ball and socket joint
(c) Pivot joint (d) Hinge joint

Answer:

The answer is the option (d) Knee joint and elbow joints are examples of hinge joint.

Question:9

Macrophages and leucocytes exhibit
(a) Ciliary movement
(b) Flagellar movement
(c) Amoeboid movement
(d) Gliding movement

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Amoeboid movements

Question:10

Which one of the following is not a disorder of bone?
(a) Arthritis
(b) Osteoporosis
(c) Rickets
(d) Atherosclerosis

Answer:

The answer is option (d) Atherosclerosis which is in fact a disorder affecting the circulatory system.

Question:11

Which one of the following statement is incorrect?
(a) Heart muscles are striated and involuntary
(b) The muscles of hands and legs are striated and voluntary
(c) The muscles located in the inner walls of alimentary canal are striated and involuntary
(d) Muscles located in the reproductive tracts are unstriated and involuntary

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) The muscles located in the inner walls of alimentary canal are non- striated and involuntary.

Question:12

Which one of the following statements is-true?
(a) Head of humerus bone articulates with acetabulum of pectoral girdle
(b) Head of humerus bone articulates with glenoid cavity of pectoral girdle
(c) Head of humerus bone articulates with a cavity called acetabulum of pelvic girdle
(d) Head of humerus bone articulates with a glenoid cavity of pelvic girdle

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Head of humerus bone articulates with glenoid cavity of pectoral girdle.

Question:13

Muscles with characteristic striations and involuntary are
(a) Muscles in the wall of alimentary canal
(b) Muscles of the heart
(c) Muscles assisting locomotion
(d) Muscles of the eyelids

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Muscles of the heart i.e. the Cardiac muscles.

Question:14

Match the followings and mark the correct option.

Column IColumn II
A.Sternum(i)Synovial fluid
B.Glenoid cavity(ii)Vertebrae
C.Freely movable joint(iii)Pectoral girdle
D.Cartilaginous joint(iv)Flat bones
Options:
(a) A—(ii), B—(i), C—{iii), D—(iv)
(b) A—(iv), B—(iii), C—(i), D—(ii)
(c) A—(ii), B—(i), C—(iv), D—(iii)
(d) A—(iii), B—(i), C—(ii), D—(iv)

Answer: (b)

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

Name the cells/tissues in human body which
(a) Exhibit ameboid movement
(b) Exhibit ciliary movement.

Answer:

(a) The cells/tissues in human body which exhibit ameboid movement are Macrophages.
(b) The cells/tissues in human body which exhibit ciliary movement are Ciliated epithelium.

Question:2

Locomotion requires a perfect coordinated activity of muscular, _____system

Answer:

Neural and skeletal.

Question:3

Sarcolemma, sarcoplasm and sarcoplasmic reticulum refer to a particular type of cell in our body. Which is this cell and to what parts of that cell do these names refer to?

Answer:

All of these terms are related to muscle cells.Sarcolemma is the lining over muscle fibre. Sarcoplasm is the protoplasm in the muscle fibre. Sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum in muscle fibre.

Question:4

Label the different components of actin filament in the diagram given below:


Answer:



Question:5

The three tiny bones present in middle ear are called ear ossicles. Write them in correct sequence beginning from ear drum.

Answer:

The correct sequence beginning from ear drum is malleus, incus, and stapes.

Question:6

What is the difference between the matrix of bones and cartilage?

Answer:

MatrixCartilage
The bone matrix is hard due to presence of calcium salts.The cartilage matrix is pliable due to chondroitin salts.


Question:7

Which tissue is affected by Myasthenia gravis? What is the underlying cause?

Answer:

Skeletal muscle. It happens due to immune disorder.

Question:8

How do our bone joints function without grinding noise and pain?

Answer:

The joints are enclosed in a capsule filled with a lubricating fluid. This helps in the movement of joints without causing any pain and grinding noise.

Question:9

Give the location of a ball and socket joint in a human body.

Answer:

It is present between the femur and pelvic girdle and also between the humerus and pectoral girdle.

Question:10

Our forearm is made of three different bones. Comment.

Answer:

The three different bones making-up a human forearm are umerus, radius and ulna.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

With respect to rib cage, explain the following:
(a) Bicephalic ribs
(b) True ribs
(c) Floating ribs

Answer:

(a) Each rib has two articulation surfaces at its dorsal end and are calledbicephalic ribs.
(b) First seven pairs of the ribs are known as the true ribs. They are dorsally attached to the thoracic vertebrae and to the sternum ventrally.
(c) Last two pairs of ribs are not connected ventrally and are called floating ribs.

Question:2

In old age, people often suffer from stiff and inflamed joints. What is this condition called? What are the possible reasons for these symptoms?

Answer:

This condition is known as Rheumatoid Arthritis and it is caused due to wear and tear of the joint. The possible symptoms being,
- Smoking
- Lack of Vitamin D in the diet
- Genetic factors
- Synovial membrane inflammation

Question:3

Exchange of calcium between bone and extracellular fluid takes place under the influence of certain hormones:
(a) What will happen if more of Ca ++ is in extracellular fluid?:
(b) What will happen if very less amount of Ca ++ is in the extracellular fluid?

Answer:

(a) It will cause reduced heart rate and increased contractility of heart.
(b) it will cause tetani which is manifested as rapid spasms in muscles.

Question:4

Name at least two hormones which result in fluctuation of Ca ++ level.

Answer:

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormones.



Question:5

Rahul exercises regularly by visiting a gymnasium. Of late he is gaining weight. What could be the reason? Choose the correct answer and elaborate.
(a) Rahul has gained weight due to accumulation of fats in body.
(b) Rahul has gained weight due to increased muscle and less of fat.
(c) Rohit has gained weight because his muscle shape has improved.
(d) Rohit has gained weight because he is accumulating water in the body.

Answer:

The answer is the option (c).
When someone starts rigorous exercise, he builds up muscles. It is true that fat is burnt during exercise but the rate of muscle building up may be more than the rate of burning of fat. This is why Rohit has gained weight.

Question:6

Radha was running on a treadmill at a great speed for 15 minutes continuously. She stopped the treadmill and abruptly came out. For the next few minutes, she was breathing heavily/fast.

Answer the following questions.
(a) What happened to her muscles when she did strenuous exercise?
(b) How did her breathing rate change?

Answer:

(a) Strenous exercise increases the strain on the muscles.
(b) Breathing changes from normal to high while running on a treadmill. Due to an increase in the workload on the muscles, the energy consumption of muscles also increased.
As a result, higher demand of carbohydrates is required. Also, the oxygen demand by the muscles also increases. This is fulfilled by the increased blood supply to the muscles. The heart and lungs work at a faster pace
to fulfill the increased demand.

Question:7

Write a few lines about Gout.

Answer:

Gout is the recurrent attack of an acute inflammatory arthritis. It usually affects the big toe and other joints. This happens due to accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints, tendons and the surrounding tissues.

Question:8

What is the source of energy for muscle contraction?

Answer:

ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate) is the main source to provide energy for muscular contraction.

Question:9

What are the points for articulation of Pelvic and Pectoral girdles?

Answer:

In pelvic girdle, the point for articulation is the acetabulum. It articulates with the femur.
In pectoral girdle, glenoid cavity is the point of articulation. It articulates with the humerus.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

Calcium ion concentration in blood affects muscle contraction. Does it lead to tetany in certain cases? How will you correlate fluctuation in blood calcium with tetany?

Answer:

Muscle contraction is initiated by a neural signal from the central nervous system through a motor neuron. This occurs due to gradient of calcium ions. When calcium ions start entering the muscle cells, actin, and myosin filaments slide towards each other, resulting in contraction of muscle. When calcium ions come out of the muscle cells, actin and myosin filaments move back to their positions and the muscle relaxes.

Thus, a higher level of calcium ions in blood implies a lower level of calcium in muscles. This leads to poor contractility of muscles. Whereas, when the level of calcium in blood is low, higher level of calcium in muscles. This may result in an uncontrolled contraction of muscles called tetany.

Question:2

An elderly woman slipped in the bathroom and had severe pain in her lower back. After X-ray examination doctors told her it is due to a slipped disc. What does that mean? How does it affect our health?

Answer:

A rubber-like disc is located between each consecutive vertebra working like a shock absorber. Sometimes, the disc gets displaced and the condition is called slipped disc or prolapsed disc. Slipped disc can severely affect the quality of life of the patient. It puts pressure especially on the nerve coming out of the vertebral column, causing severe pain in the back as well as numbness in the area which is under control of the affected nerve.
Slipped disc can also cause sciatica pain. The pain begins from the upper thigh and goes up to the lower legs. Sometimes, pins and needle sensation also persist for a long duration.

Question:3

Explain sliding filament theory of muscle contraction with neat sketches.

Answer:

As per Sliding filament theory, when actin and myosin filaments slide towards each other, muscle contraction takes place.
  • A neural signal reaching to neuromuscular junction releases a neurotransmitter (Acetyl choline) which generates an action potential in the sarcolemma. Once the action potential is generated, calcium channels in the muscle cells open and allow the entry of calcium ions.
  • Increase of Ca ++ levels result in binding of calcium to troponin on the actin filament and bring about conformational changes. This removes the masking of active sites on myosin filaments.
  • Myosin a polymer of meromyosins has a head, arm, and tail as its important parts. The head also called heavy meromyosin (HMM) utilizes the energy from ATP hydrolysis and binds with the active site on actin.
  • This results in formation of a crossbridge between actin and myosin. This pulls the attached actin filaments towards the centre of 'A' band. The Z- line attached to actin are also pulled inwards and contraction of muscle fibre happens.

Question:4

How does a muscle shorten during its contraction and return to its original form during relaxation?

Answer:

Relaxation of muscles happens, when actin and myosin filaments slide away from each other. The striations appear in the striated muscles, due to the alternate bands of myosin and actin. The band of actin, i.e. the I band, is light in colour and with an elastic band called Z line, it is held in the middle. The myosin band has a darker colour and is called the A band and by an elastic band called M line, it is held in the middle.

During contraction, the position of Z line changes in relation to M, line making the muscle fibre shorter. During relaxation, the actin filaments move to their original position and the muscle fibre becomes longer.

Question:5

Discuss the role of Ca 2+ ions in muscle contraction. Draw neat sketches to illustrate your answer.

Answer:

Calcium ions play an important role in muscle contraction. There are minute channels in muscle cells through which the calcium ions enter, known as calcium channels. When a neurotransmitter enters the muscle cell, it initiates action potential. As a result, calcium channels open and allow entry to calcium ions. Calcium ion binds to the troponin on action filament. This results in removal of masking from the active site on myosin. Myosin then utilizes energy from ATP and moves towards actin to form a cross-bridge. This subsequently results in actin sliding towards each other and eventually muscle contracts. After that, the calcium ions move out from the muscle cells and actin filaments move back to their original position. This results in relaxation of muscle.


Question:6

Differentiate between Pectoral and Pelvic girdle.

Answer:

Pectoral girdlePelvic girdle
It is present in the anterior portion of the body.It is present in the posterior portion of the body.
Glenoid cavity is the articulation point.Acetabulum is the articulation point
It is composed of two bones.It is composed of three bones.
Humerus bone articulates with pectoral girdle.Femur articulates with pelvic girdle.
It helps with the articulation of bones in the forelimbs, lifting, etc.Its function is walking, standing, jumping and articulation of bones of hind limbs.


More About NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 20

The movement of flagella, cilia, and tentacles has been represented by many organisms. Human beings can move their jaws, eyelids, limbs, and tongue, among others, and some of the movements can lead to change in place or location.

Thus, movements of any organism which leads to change in a physical location are called locomotion. Some examples of locomotor movements are walking, swimming, running, climbing, flying, and more.

For example, cilia are helpful in the movement of food in paramoecium, whereas Hydra uses its tentacles to capture its prey and also uses the tentacles for locomotion.

NCERT exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 20 pdf download function can be availed by students using an online available webpage to PDF tools.

Human beings use their limbs to change body posture and to move. These are some of those observations that show movement and locomotion cannot be studied separately. Perhaps the two are interlinked by the fact that all locomotions are movements, but all movements are not locomotion.

Whereas the movements of animals vary with their habitat as per the demand of the situation. Generally, the locomotion by animals is for shelter, mate, the search of food/prey, suitable ground, favourable surroundings to live, to hide from their enemies/predators.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement - Main Sub Topics

  • Types of movement
  • Muscle
  • Skeletal system
  • Joints
  • Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System

What will students learn in NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 20?

  • The students will get to learn about the locomotion and movements of living organisms.
  • NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 20 includes topics like movement and its types, muscles, skeletal system, joints, and disorders of the muscular and skeletal system.
  • Movement is an essential feature of all living beings.
  • The animals generally move in search of food, for shelter, mate, suitable ground, the favourable surrounding area to live in and to hide from their enemies/predators.
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NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter-Wise

Important Topics Covered in NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 20 Locomotion and Movement

  • Class 11 Biology NCERT Exemplar solutions chapter 20 includes details about the types of movement, Muscle, Skeletal system, Joints, Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System are important topics which students should pay extra attention to.

  • In NCERT exemplar Class 11 Biology chapter 20 solutions, students also learn about locomotion. Locomotion and any other kind of movements of any living being require coordinated muscular activities. Three types of muscles are there in the human body- skeletal, cardiac, and visceral muscles. The anatomical aspect of muscle is muscle fibre. The bones and cartilage combine to form our skeletal system. Three types of joints are formed between the cartilage, which is fibrous, synovial, and cartilaginous.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Solutions for Other Subjects

Check Chapter-Wise Solutions of Questions Given in Book:

Also, Read NCERT Solution subject wise

Must Read NCERT Notes subject wise

Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

1. Why locomotion and movements an important chapter?

This chapter covers the topics related to the bone structure, skeletal system, muscles, and joints and how the body moves. 

2. Are these questions solved by subject experts?

Yes, we have the best teachers working dedicatedly to bring the latest patterns NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 20 to the NCERT questions. 

3. Are these solutions helpful in school exams?

Yes, these NCERT exemplar solutions for Class 11 Biology chapter 20 locomotion and movements help learn how to solve answers in exams so that they can score better. 

4. Are these solutions available offline?

One can easily download the Class 11 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 20 in PDF format using an online webpage to pdf tool.

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