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    Anatomy Of Flowering Plants Class 11th Notes - Free NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Notes - Download PDF

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    Anatomy Of Flowering Plants Class 11th Notes - Free NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Notes - Download PDF

    Edited By Irshad Anwar | Updated on Mar 16, 2022 03:43 PM IST

    The chapter anatomy of flowering plants is a very important chapter of the NCERT chapter anatomy of flowering plants from an exam point of view. The NCERT Class 11 Biology chapter 6 notes give you the basic idea of the chapter anatomy of flowering plants. The main topics covered in NCERT Class 11 Biology notes are definition, the tissue, meristematic tissue, permanent tissue, the tissue system, Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and monocotyledons plants, secondary growth, vascular cambium, cork cambium, secondary growth in dicot root.

    Class 11 Biology chapter 6 notes also cover all the important concepts related to this chapter, which are useful in various competitive exams. CBSE Class 11 Biology chapter 6 notes will help you in quick revision. The anatomy of flowering plants chapter covers all heading of NCERT. CBSE Class 11 Biology chapter 6 notes also contains important examples which are been frequently asked in the various exam. NCERT Class 11 notes pdf can be downloaded through the link given below.

    Also, students can refer,

    NCERT Class 11 Chapter 6 Class Notes

    Anatomy of Flowering Plants

    Definition of Anatomy - It is defined as the study of the internal structure of a plant.

    The Tissues

    Tissue can be defined as a cluster of cells having a common origin and performing common functions.

    There are 2 types of tissue in plants

    • Meristematic tissue
    • Permanent tissue

    Meristematic Tissue

    Specialized region having actively dividing cells.

    The Characteristics of Meristematic Cells:

    • They have a high Metabolic rate.
    • They have dense protoplasm and dense cytoplasm.
    • They have a large vacuole.
    • They are small, isodiametric cells.
    • They do not have intercellular space.
    • They have thin cell walls.
    • They have colourless proplastids.

    Types of Meristems On The Basis Of Position:-

    They are of 3 types:-

    • Apical meristem - they are present at the apex of the region of root and shoot.

    • Intercalary meristem:- It is present on both sides of nodes

    • Lateral meristem:- They are secondary meristems, responsible for the increase of girth of the plants.

    Permanent Tissues

    They are the cells that have lost the capacity of division.

    Types:- simple tissue and complex tissue

    1. Simple tissue

    • It is further of 3 types

    Parenchyma

    • It is the most abundant cell in plants .

    • They are isodiametric.

    • They have plasmodesmata connections.

    • They are modified for storage, secretion and photosynthesis.

    Collenchyma

    • They are living mechanical tissue.

    • They are parenchymatous and have deposition of pectin.

    • Present only in dicot stem.

    Sclerenchyma

    • They are dead cells

    • They have lignin deposition.

      2. Complex Tissue

    • It consists of vascular tissue.

    • It includes xylem and phloem

    Xylem Include

    • Xylem vessels

    • Tracheids

    • Xylem parenchyma

    • Xylem fibres

    Phloem Includes

    • Sieve tubes

    • Companion cells

    • Phloem fibres

    • Phloem parenchyma

    The Tissue System

    A Group of tissue together forms the tissue system. There are 3 types of tissue systems.

    • Epidermal tissue system

    • The ground tissue system

    • Vascular tissue system

    Epidermal Tissue System

    • They form the epidermis of the plants.

    • They have compactly packed cells.

    • They have large vacuoles.

    • If the epidermis is absent, it is called epiblema.

    • It is modified to form

      • Stomata

        • In Dicotyledonous, there are bean-shaped stomata.

        • In grasses, a dumbbell-shaped stoma is present.

      • Root hair

        • It is a unicellular structure.

      • Shoot hair

        • It is multicellular

    The Ground Tissue System

    • It consists of the cortex, general cortex, pericycle, pith, and medullary rays.

    Vascular Tissue System

    • It consists of the xylem and phloem.

    • On the basis of the arrangement of xylem and phloem, they are of 3 types

      • Radial

        • Present in roots.

      • Conjoint closed

        • Present in the stem.

      • Conjoint open

    Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants.

    Dicotyledonous Root

    • Its outermost layer is called the epidermis, containing root hairs.

    • Inner to it is the cortex layer, which is a parenchymatous cell layer.

    • The innermost layer of the cortex is called the endodermis, which has a Casperian strip.

    • Phloem is radially, usually triarch.

    • Secondary growth is present.

    • Pith is highly reduced.

    1646300776527

    Monocotyledons Root

    • The structure is similar to Dicotyledonous roots except few.

    • Pericycles give rise to lateral roots only, usually uniseriate (1 layer).

    • Polyarch ( more than 6 patches of phloem)condition is seen.

    • Pith is large and well developed.

    1646300777807

    Dicotyledonous Stem

    • Multicellular hairs called Trichomes are present on epidermis.

    • Cortex is differentiated into 3 parts.

      • Hypodermis - It is collenchymatous

      • General cortex

      • Endodermis

    • The vascular bundle is of conjoint, collateral, open type.

    • Pith is well developed.

    • Wood formation occurs.

    Monocotyledons Stem

    • Trichomes are absent.

    • Hypodermic is sclerenchymatous.

    • Vascular bundles are of conjoint, collateral, closed type.

    • Vascular bundles are scattered in the endodermis.

    • Pith is absent.

    1646300776160

    Dicotyledonous (Dorsiventral) Leaf

    • Its surface is well-differentiated into dorsal and ventral surfaces.

    • It has stomata at the lower surface.

    • It has reticulate venation.

    • The diameter of vein and veinlets are variable.

    • The mesophyll is differentiated into a spongy and palisade layer.

    • Bulliform cells are absent.

    • Vascular bundles are of conjoint, collateral, closed type.

    • They exhibit kranz anatomy.

    1646300775700

    Monocotyledons (Isobilateral) Leaf

    • It is isobilateral ie..same from both sides.

    • It has equal stomata on both sides.

    • It has a parallel Venation.

    • The mesophyll is not differentiated.

    • The diameter of veins and veinlets are the same.

    Secondary Growth

    • It leads to an increase in the girth of plants.

    • Tissue involved in secondary growth are vascular cambium, cork cambium

    Vascular Cambium

    It is responsible for secondary growth in the stellar region.

    By Formation of Vascular Cambium

    • In the dicot stem, vascular cambium is partly secondary in origin because intrafascicular cambium is already present within vascular bundles between the primary xylem and primary phloem.

    • After dedifferentiation in medullary rays, arch cells are considered as intrafascicular cambium.

    • The vascular cambium produces secondary cambium at the inner side and secondary phloem at the outer side.

    • The activity of the cambium is 8 times more, due to the formation of secondary phloem outer side.

    • It leads to wood formation.

    Types of Wood

    There are 2 types of wood.

    Sap or Alburnum

    • It is present at the periphery.

    • They are light in colour.

    • They help in conducting water.

    • They are physiologically active.

    • Less commercial use.

    Heart or Duramen

    • They have tylose in tracheal plugs.

    • More of commercial use.

    Cork Cambium

    It leads to the formation of the cork.

    • During secondary growth, the girth of the plant is increased by periderm formation.

    • Periderm replaces the primary cortex.

    Formation of cork cambium

    • They are formed by the activity of dedifferentiation in the primary cortex in the middle region.

    • After the formation of cork cambium, they divide and cut off the cell towards the endodermis and epidermis called phellogen.

    • Phelloderm

      • They are the cells cut off from the phellogen towards the endodermis.

    • Phellem (cork)

      • They are cut off from the cork cambium toward the epidermis.

    Secondary Growth in Roots

    • Monocots root does not exhibit secondary growth.

    • Dicotyledonous root undergoes secondary growth.

      • Conjunctive tissue in roots undergoes de-differentiation to form intrafascicular cambium, which is responsible for secondary growth.

    Significance of NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Notes

    NCERT Class 11 Biology chapter 6 notes contain a simple and brief overview of chapter 6 biology. These Notes for Class 11 Biology chapter 6 are also beneficial for covering the core concepts of the CBSE Biology Syllabus in Class 11 as well as for competitive exams such as AIPMT, AIIMS, NEET, and other similar exams. Class 11 Biology chapter 6 notes pdf download can be utilized for offline preparation.

    NCERT Class 11 Notes Chapter-Wise

    Subject Wise NCERT Exemplar Solutions

    Subject Wise NCERT Solutions

    Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

    1. 1.What is P.protein?

     According to NCERT biology Class 11  chapter 6 notes. P protein is called phloem protein.

    • It maintains the transportation of food at the time of plant injury.

    • It blocks the sieve tube and prevents loss of nutrition.

    2. 2. Do monocots exhibit secondary growth?

    According to Anatomy of flowering plants Class 11 notes.

    Generally, monocots do not exhibit secondary growth, but exceptionally few monocots show secondary growth.

    Examples are:- Yucca, Agave, Dracaena

    3. 3. What is bark?

    According to NCERT Biology Class 11  chapter 6 notes. All the collective region outside the vascular cambium is called bark.

    4. 4. What is tamarix?

    According to NCERT notes for Class 11 Biology chapter 6, it is sclerenchymatous cells having pectin deposition but provide much strength.

    5. 5. What is Early and late wood

    According to Class 11 anatomy of flowering plants notes.

    Earlywood

    • It is also called spring, summerwood.

    • It has a large size vessel.

    Late wood

    • It is called autumn or winter wood.

    • Cambium is active.

    6. 6. Define Raphides.

    According to NCERT Biology Class 11  chapter 6 notes

    In some hydrophytes, the epidermis consists of crystals of calcium oxalate, they are called Raphids.

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    A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

    Option 1)

    0.34\; J

    Option 2)

    0.16\; J

    Option 3)

    1.00\; J

    Option 4)

    0.67\; J

    A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

    Option 1)

    2.45×10−3 kg

    Option 2)

     6.45×10−3 kg

    Option 3)

     9.89×10−3 kg

    Option 4)

    12.89×10−3 kg

     

    An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

    Option 1)

    2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

    Option 2)

    200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

    Option 3)

    2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

    Option 4)

    20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

    A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

    Option 1)

    K/2\,

    Option 2)

    \; K\;

    Option 3)

    zero\;

    Option 4)

    K/4

    In the reaction,

    2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

    Option 1)

    11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

    Option 2)

    6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

    Option 3)

    33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

    Option 4)

    67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

    How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

    Option 1)

    0.02

    Option 2)

    3.125 × 10-2

    Option 3)

    1.25 × 10-2

    Option 4)

    2.5 × 10-2

    If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

    Option 1)

    decrease twice

    Option 2)

    increase two fold

    Option 3)

    remain unchanged

    Option 4)

    be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

    With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

    Option 1)

    Molality

    Option 2)

    Weight fraction of solute

    Option 3)

    Fraction of solute present in water

    Option 4)

    Mole fraction.

    Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

    Option 1)

    twice that in 60 g carbon

    Option 2)

    6.023 × 1022

    Option 3)

    half that in 8 g He

    Option 4)

    558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

    A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

    Option 1)

    less than 3

    Option 2)

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    Option 3)

    more than 6 but less than 9

    Option 4)

    more than 9

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    A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

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    Producer

    An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

    They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

    2 Jobs Available
    Fashion Blogger

    Fashion bloggers use multiple social media platforms to recommend or share ideas related to fashion. A fashion blogger is a person who writes about fashion, publishes pictures of outfits, jewellery, accessories. Fashion blogger works as a model, journalist, and a stylist in the fashion industry. In current fashion times, these bloggers have crossed into becoming a star in fashion magazines, commercials, or campaigns. 

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    Photographer

    Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

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    Copy Writer

    In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

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    Journalist

    Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

    3 Jobs Available
    Publisher

    For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

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    Vlogger

    In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. Ever since internet cost got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, the career as vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the career as vlogger, how to become a vlogger, so on and so forth then continue reading the article. Students can visit Jamia Millia Islamia, Asian College of Journalism, Indian Institute of Mass Communication to pursue journalism degrees.

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    Editor

    Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

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    Content Writer

    Content writing is meant to speak directly with a particular audience, such as customers, potential customers, investors, employees, or other stakeholders. The main aim of professional content writers is to speak to their targeted audience and if it is not then it is not doing its job. There are numerous kinds of the content present on the website and each is different based on the service or the product it is used for.

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    Reporter

    Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication), B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media), or MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

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    Linguist

    Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

    Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French, German, Italian

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    Product Manager

    A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

    3 Jobs Available
    Quality Controller

    A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

    A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

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    Production Manager

    Production Manager Job Description: A Production Manager is responsible for ensuring smooth running of manufacturing processes in an efficient manner. He or she plans and organises production schedules. The role of Production Manager involves estimation, negotiation on budget and timescales with the clients and managers. 

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    Team Lead

    A Team Leader is a professional responsible for guiding, monitoring and leading the entire group. He or she is responsible for motivating team members by providing a pleasant work environment to them and inspiring positive communication. A Team Leader contributes to the achievement of the organisation’s goals. He or she improves the confidence, product knowledge and communication skills of the team members and empowers them.

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    Quality Systems Manager

    A Quality Systems Manager is a professional responsible for developing strategies, processes, policies, standards and systems concerning the company as well as operations of its supply chain. It includes auditing to ensure compliance. It could also be carried out by a third party. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Merchandiser

    A career as a merchandiser requires one to promote specific products and services of one or different brands, to increase the in-house sales of the store. Merchandising job focuses on enticing the customers to enter the store and hence increasing their chances of buying a product. Although the buyer is the one who selects the lines, it all depends on the merchandiser on how much money a buyer will spend, how many lines will be purchased, and what will be the quantity of those lines. In a career as merchandiser, one is required to closely work with the display staff in order to decide in what way a product would be displayed so that sales can be maximised. In small brands or local retail stores, a merchandiser is responsible for both merchandising and buying. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Procurement Manager

    The procurement Manager is also known as  Purchasing Manager. The role of the Procurement Manager is to source products and services for a company. A Procurement Manager is involved in developing a purchasing strategy, including the company's budget and the supplies as well as the vendors who can provide goods and services to the company. His or her ultimate goal is to bring the right products or services at the right time with cost-effectiveness. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Production Planner

    Individuals who opt for a career as a production planner are professionals who are responsible for ensuring goods manufactured by the employing company are cost-effective and meets quality specifications including ensuring the availability of ready to distribute stock in a timely fashion manner. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Product Manager

    A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

    3 Jobs Available
    ITSM Manager

    ITSM Manager is a professional responsible for heading the ITSM (Information Technology Service Management) or (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) processes. He or she ensures that operation management provides appropriate resource levels for problem resolutions. The ITSM Manager oversees the level of prioritisation for the problems, critical incidents, planned as well as proactive tasks. 

    3 Jobs Available
    Information Security Manager

    Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

    3 Jobs Available
    Computer Programmer

    Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

    3 Jobs Available
    Computer System Analyst

    Individuals in the computer systems analyst career path study the hardware and applications that are part of an organization's computer systems, as well as how they are used. They collaborate closely with managers and end-users to identify system specifications and business priorities, as well as to assess the efficiency of computer systems and create techniques to boost IT efficiency. Individuals who opt for a career as a computer system analyst support the implementation, modification, and debugging of new systems after they have been installed.

    2 Jobs Available
    Test Manager

    A Test Manager is a professional responsible for planning, coordinating and controlling test activities. He or she develops test processes and strategies to analyse and determine test methods and tools for test activities. The test manager jobs involve documenting tests that have been carried out, analysing and evaluating software quality to determine further recommended procedures. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Azure Developer

    A career as Azure Developer comes with the responsibility of designing and developing cloud-based applications and maintaining software components. He or she possesses an in-depth knowledge of cloud computing and Azure app service. 

    2 Jobs Available
    Deep Learning Engineer

    A Deep Learning Engineer is an IT professional who is responsible for developing and managing data pipelines. He or she is knowledgeable about analyzing and storing data collected from various sources.  A Career as a Deep Learning Engineer needs to help the  data scientists and analysts to create effective data sets.

    2 Jobs Available
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