NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Notes Anatomy Of Flowering Plants- Download PDF Notes

The anatomy of flowering plants is a very important chapter of the NCERT anatomy of flowering plants from an exam point of view. The NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 notes give you a basic idea of the chapter anatomy of flowering plants. The main topics covered in NCERT Class 11 Biology notes are definition, the tissue, meristematic tissue, permanent tissue, the tissue system, Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and monocotyledons plants, secondary growth, vascular cambium, cork cambium, secondary growth in dicot root. Download the CBSE Notes for Class 11 Biology, Chapter 6, PDF to use offline anywhere. Students must go through each topic in the anatomy of flowering plants in Class 11 Notes Biology in the easiest and most effective way possible with the help of NCERT Notes for Class 11.

Class 11 Biology chapter 6 notes also cover all the important concepts related to this chapter, which are useful in various competitive exams. Anatomy of flowering plants NCERT Notes for Class 11 Biology help you revise these major concepts given in the NCERT Book in a short period of time during CBSE Board exam preparation. CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 notes will help you with quick revision. The Anatomy of Flowering Plants chapter covers all headings of NCERT. CBSE Class 11 Biology chapter 6 notes also contain important examples that have been frequently asked in the various exams. Having revision notes and NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 handy is beneficial to save you time.The NCERT Class 11 notes pdf can be downloaded through the link given below.

Also, students can refer,

• NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants.

NCERT Class 11 Chapter 6 Class Notes

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Definition of Anatomy: It is defined as the study of the internal structure of a plant.

The Tissues

Tissue can be defined as a cluster of cells having a common origin and performing common functions.

There are 2 types of tissue in plants

• Meristematic tissue
• Permanent tissue

Meristematic Tissue

Specialized region having actively dividing cells.

The Characteristics of Meristematic Cells:

• They have a high Metabolic rate.
• They have dense protoplasm and dense cytoplasm.
• They have a large vacuole.
• They are small, isodiametric cells.
• They do not have intercellular space.
• They have thin cell walls.
• They have colourless proplastids.

Types of Meristems On The Basis Of Position:

They are of three types:

• Apical meristem: they are present at the apex of the region of root and shoot.

• Intercalary meristem: It is present on both sides of nodes

• Lateral meristems: They are secondary meristems responsible for the increase in girth of the plants.

Permanent Tissues

They are the cells that have lost the capacity for division.

Types:- simple tissue and complex tissue

1. Simple tissue

• It is further of 3 types

Parenchyma

• It is the most abundant cell in plants .

• They are isodiametric.

• They have plasmodesmata connections.

• They are modified for storage, secretion and photosynthesis.

Collenchyma

• They are living mechanical tissue.

• They are parenchymatous and have deposition of pectin.

• Present only in dicot stem.

Sclerenchyma

• They are dead cells

• They have lignin deposition.
  
  2. Complex Tissue

• It consists of vascular tissue.

• It includes xylem and phloem

Xylem Include

• Xylem vessels

• Tracheids

• Xylem parenchyma

• Xylem fibres

Phloem Includes

• Sieve tubes

• Companion cells

• Phloem fibres

• Phloem parenchyma

The Tissue System

A Group of tissue together forms the tissue system. There are 3 types of tissue systems.

• Epidermal tissue system

• The ground tissue system

• Vascular tissue system

Epidermal Tissue System

• They form the epidermis of the plants.

• They have compactly packed cells.

• They have large vacuoles.

• If the epidermis is absent, it is called epiblema.

• It is modified to form

  • Stomata

    • In Dicotyledonous, there are bean-shaped stomata.

    • In grasses, a dumbbell-shaped stoma is present.

  • Root hair

    • It is a unicellular structure.

  • Shoot hair

    • It is multicellular

The Ground Tissue System

• It consists of the cortex, general cortex, pericycle, pith, and medullary rays.

Vascular Tissue System

• It consists of the xylem and phloem.

• On the basis of the arrangement of xylem and phloem, they are of 3 types

  • Radial

    • Present in roots.

  • Conjoint closed

    • Present in the stem.

  • Conjoint open

Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants.

Dicotyledonous Root

• Its outermost layer is called the epidermis, containing root hairs.

• Inner to it is the cortex layer, which is a parenchymatous cell layer.

• The innermost layer of the cortex is called the endodermis, which has a Casperian strip.

• Phloem is radially, usually triarch.

• Secondary growth is present.

• Pith is highly reduced.

Monocotyledons Root

• The structure is similar to Dicotyledonous roots except few.

• Pericycles give rise to lateral roots only, usually uniseriate (1 layer).

• Polyarch ( more than 6 patches of phloem)condition is seen.

• Pith is large and well developed.

Dicotyledonous Stem

• Multicellular hairs called Trichomes are present on epidermis.

• Cortex is differentiated into 3 parts.

  • Hypodermis - It is collenchymatous

  • General cortex

  • Endodermis

• The vascular bundle is of conjoint, collateral, open type.

• Pith is well developed.

• Wood formation occurs.

Monocotyledons Stem

• Trichomes are absent.

• Hypodermic is sclerenchymatous.

• Vascular bundles are of conjoint, collateral, closed type.

• Vascular bundles are scattered in the endodermis.

• Pith is absent.

Dicotyledonous (Dorsiventral) Leaf

• Its surface is well-differentiated into dorsal and ventral surfaces.

• It has stomata at the lower surface.

• It has reticulate venation.

• The diameter of vein and veinlets are variable.

• The mesophyll is differentiated into a spongy and palisade layer.

• Bulliform cells are absent.

• Vascular bundles are of conjoint, collateral, closed type.

• They exhibit kranz anatomy.

Monocotyledons (Isobilateral) Leaf

• It is isobilateral ie..same from both sides.

• It has equal stomata on both sides.

• It has a parallel Venation.

• The mesophyll is not differentiated.

• The diameter of veins and veinlets are the same.

Secondary Growth

• It leads to an increase in the girth of plants.

• Tissue involved in secondary growth are vascular cambium, cork cambium

Vascular Cambium

It is responsible for secondary growth in the stellar region.

By Formation of Vascular Cambium

• In the dicot stem, vascular cambium is partly secondary in origin because intrafascicular cambium is already present within vascular bundles between the primary xylem and primary phloem.

• After dedifferentiation in medullary rays, arch cells are considered as intrafascicular cambium.

• The vascular cambium produces secondary cambium at the inner side and secondary phloem at the outer side.

• The activity of the cambium is 8 times more, due to the formation of secondary phloem outer side.

• It leads to wood formation.

Types of Wood

There are 2 types of wood.

Sap or Alburnum

• It is present at the periphery.

• They are light in colour.

• They help in conducting water.

• They are physiologically active.

• Less commercial use.

Heart or Duramen

• They have tylose in tracheal plugs.

• More of commercial use.

Cork Cambium

It leads to the formation of the cork.

• During secondary growth, the girth of the plant is increased by periderm formation.

• Periderm replaces the primary cortex.

Formation of cork cambium

• They are formed by the activity of dedifferentiation in the primary cortex in the middle region.

• After the formation of cork cambium, they divide and cut off the cell towards the endodermis and epidermis called phellogen.

• Phelloderm

  • They are the cells cut off from the phellogen towards the endodermis.

• Phellem (cork)

  • They are cut off from the cork cambium toward the epidermis.

Secondary Growth in Roots

• Monocots root does not exhibit secondary growth.

• Dicotyledonous root undergoes secondary growth.

  • Conjunctive tissue in roots undergoes de-differentiation to form intrafascicular cambium, which is responsible for secondary growth.

Chapter-Wise NCERT Class 11 Notes Biology

Significance of NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Notes

NCERT Class 11 Biology chapter 6 notes contain a simple and brief overview of chapter 6 biology. These Notes for Class 11 Biology chapter 6 are also beneficial for covering the core concepts of the CBSE Biology Syllabus in Class 11 as well as for competitive exams such as AIPMT, AIIMS, NEET, and other similar exams. Class 11 Biology chapter 6 notes pdf download can be utilized for offline preparation.

Subject Wise NCERT Exemplar Solutions

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• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology