NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7 Structural Organisation in Animals

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7 Structural Organization in Animals includes a detailed explanation of the arrangement, functions, and locations of different types of tissues like epithelial, connective, and muscle, which are present in animals. It also highlights the major differences between bone and cartilage, both of which are skeletal tissues. Organs and organ systems that perform all the functions in the body can be understood by solving the Class 11 Biology Chapter 7 MCQ.

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This Story also Contains

1. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7
2. Access to NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7-MCQ
3. Explore the Very Short Answers of NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7
4. Get the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7-Short Answer Type Question
5. Find the Long Answer Questions of NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7
6. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 7 Solutions: Learning Outcome
7. Important Topics of NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7 Structural Organization in Animals
8. Important diagrams of Chapter 7 Structural Organization in Animals
9. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter Wise

The morphology and anatomy of earthworms, cockroaches, and frogs may appear to be difficult topics, but the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7 makes these concepts easy to understand. It breaks down the processes like digestion, respiration, and excretion, etc., into clear, step-by-step explanations, with clear, labelled diagrams. The solved exercises help you to understand these topics easily, allow you to gain confidence in answering questions, and improve your chances of scoring better marks on the exam.

Also, check NCERT Solutions for Class 11.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7

Different forms of questions, like MCQs, short answers, and long answers with the required diagrams, are provided below. Practicing these will help you understand the pattern and these concepts easily and effectively.

Access to NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7-MCQ

Question:1

Which one of the following types of cells is involved in the making of the inner walls of the large blood vessels?
a. Stratified epithelium
b. Squamous epithelium
c. Columnar epithelium
d. Simple columnar epithelium

Answer:

The answer is option (b), Squamous epithelium

Explanation: Squamous epithelium cells are involved in the making of the inner walls of large blood vessels as it is made of a single thin layer of flattened cells.

Question:2

To which one of the following categories does adipose tissue belong?
a. Connective
b. Muscular
c. Neural
d. Epithelial

Answer:

The answer is option (a): Connective tissue

Explanation: Adipose tissue is the connective tissue present beneath the skin and has the same structure.

Question:3

Which one of the following is not a connective tissue?
a. Bone
b. Blood
c. Muscles
d. Cartilage

Answer:

The answer is option (c): Muscles

Explanation: Muscles are made up of muscle fibres that allow contraction and movement.

Question:4

The clitellum is a distinct part of the body of the earthworm. It is found in?
a. Segment 15-16-17
b. Segment 14-15-16
c. Segment 13-14-15
d. Segment 12-13-14

Answer:

The answer is option (b), segments 14-15-16

Explanation: The Clitellum is a thick structure found around segments like 14-15-16. It plays an important role in reproduction.

Question:5

Setae help in locomotion in earthworms but are not uniformly present in all the segments. They are present in
a. Clitellar segment
b. 20th - 22nd segment
c. Last segment
d. First segment

Answer:

The answer is option (b), the 20th -22nd segment

Explanation: Setae in earthworms help in locomotion. They are not uniformly present and absent in the first, last, and the clitellar segment.

Question:6

Which one of the following statements is true for cockroaches?
a. Anal styles are not present in females
b. Cockroaches are ureotelic
c. Their larval stage is known as caterpillar
d. The total number of ovarioles in a single ovary is ten

Answer:

The answer is option (a), anal styles are not present in females

Explanation: Anal styles are short, paired structures found in 9th segment of male cockroaches. They are absent in females. They help in sensory functions.

Question:7

Match the following and choose the correct option

Options
a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii
B. a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv
C. a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii
D. a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii
Answer:

The answer is option (d), a-iv, b-iii, c-I, d-ii

Explanation: Stratified epithelium is present in the skin, hyaline cartilage is present in the nose, and the fluid connective tissue is found in the blood, whereas the adipose tissue performs the function of fat storage.

Question:8

Match the following and choose the correct answer

Options

a. A-iv, B-iii, C-I, D-ii

b. A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D- iii

c. A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D- ii

d. A- i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv

Answer:

The answer is option (d) A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv

Explanation: In an organism, when both the sex organs are found in the same organism, the condition is called hermaphrodite. Direct development refers to the type of growth in which an organism develops from embryo to adult directly. Also, the blood glands in an earthworm produce haemoglobin and blood cells. The chemoreceptors have a sense of chemical substances.

Question:9

Match the following with references to cockroach and choose the correct option

Options

a. A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv

b. A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i

c. A-iv, B-iii, C-I, D-ii

d. A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i

Answer:

The answer is option (c) A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii

Explanation: The opening of the ejaculatory duct is called the gonopore, whereas a packet or capsule containing sperms, which is transferred from the male to female, is called a spermatophore. Ovarioles consist of chains of the maturing ova, and every ovary consists of 8 ovarioles. The term ‘phallomere’ refers to the male genital structures in insects.

Question:10

Match the following and choose the correct answer

Options

a. A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii

b. A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i

c. A-i, B-iv, C-iii, D-ii

d. A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-i

Answer:

The answer is option (d) A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-i

Explanation: Olfactory receptors are present in the nose, which helps in getting the sense of smell. The medulla oblongata passes through the foramen magnum. The peripheral nervous system consists of the cranial nerves. Sensory papillae help in sensing touch.

Explore the Very Short Answers of NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7

Question:1

State the number of segments in earthworms that are covered by a prominent dark band or clitellum.

Answer:

The clitellum is found in segments 14-15-16. It is a thick region that plays a crucial role in reproduction by secreting mucus.

Question:2

Where are the sclerites present in the cockroach?

Answer:

Each segment of the cockroach’s body is covered by sclerites, which allow movement.

Question:3

How many times do nymphs moult to reach the adult form of a cockroach?

Answer:

Cockroach nymphs undergo 13 moults to reach the adult form.

Question:4

Identify the sex of a frog in which sound-producing vocal sacs are present.

Answer:

The presence of vocal sacs is a feature of male frogs.

Question:5

Name the process by which a tadpole develops into an adult frog.

Answer:

The process by which a tadpole develops into an adult frog is called metamorphosis.

Question:6

What is the scientific term given to an earthworm's body segment?

Answer:

The scientific term given to the body segments of earthworms is metameres.

Question:7

A muscle fibre tapers at both ends and does not show striations. Name the muscle fibre.

Answer:

The smooth muscle fibre tapers at both ends and does not show striation.

Question:8

Name the different cell junctions found in tissues

Answer:

Tight junctions, adherens junctions, gap junctions, and hemidesmosomes are different cell junctions found in tissues.

Question:9

Give two identifying features of an adult male frog

Answer:

Male frogs have vocal sacs that are present on either side of the throat.

Males develop pads on the inner side of their thumbs, which is not present in females.

Question:10

Which mouth part of the cockroach is comparable to our tongue?

Answer:

The hypopharynx in cockroaches is comparable to the human tongue.

Question:11

The digestive system of a frog is made of the following parts. Arrange them in order beginning from the mouth. Oesophagus, cloaca, rectum, mouth, buccal cavity, cloacal aperture, stomach, intestine

Answer:

The correct order of the digestive system, starting from the mouth, is given below:

Mouth- buccal cavity- oesophagus- stomach- intestine- rectum-cloaca- cloacal aperture

Question:12

What is the difference between cutaneous and pulmonary respiration?

Answer:

Question:13

Special venous connection between the liver and intestine and between the kidney and intestine is found in a frog. What are they called?

Answer:

The connection system located between the liver and intestine is called the hepatic portal system. The connection system between the kidney and intestine in frogs is called the renal portal system.

Get the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7-Short Answer Type Question

Question:1

Give the location of hepatic caeca in a cockroach. What is their function?

Answer:

The hepatic caeca are present at the junction of the foregut and midgut in the alimentary canal of the cockroach.

These secrete digestive enzymes that help in the digestion of food, and also in the absorption of nutrients.

Question:2

Frogs are beneficial for mankind. Justify the statement.

Answer:

Frogs are beneficial to mankind in several ways, which are given below:

• Frogs feed on insects, like mosquitoes, flies, etc., which helps in reducing the spread of diseases.

• Frogs are indicators of the health of the ecosystem.

• Frogs play an important role in the food chain.

Question:3

The body of sponges does not possess a tissue level of organisation, though it is made of thousands of cells. Comment.

Answer:

Sponges have a cellular level of organization, where different types of cells perform different functions. All these cells function independently but do not form true tissues as they are loosely arranged. Division of labour is absent, as seen in a general tissue organisation.

Question:4

Structural organisation in animals attains different levels as a cell-organ-organ system. What is missing in the chain? Mention the significance of such an organisation.

Answer:

The missing link in the above chain is the tissue level.

Significance:

• Ensures division of labor for the proper function.

• Allowing specialization of cells, tissues, and organs.

• Allows complex functions in multicellular organisms.

Question:5

Stratified epithelial cells have a limited role in secretion. Justify their role in our skin.

Answer:

Stratified epithelial cells have a limited role in secretion because their primary function is protection rather than secretion. It protects against mechanical injury, pathogens, and water loss. It also makes the skin waterproof and tolerable to environmental damage.

Question:6

How does a gap junction facilitate intercellular communication?

Answer:

A gap junction allows direct communication by the transfer of ions, metabolites, and molecules between the adjacent cells. It consists of connexons that create channels by linking the cytoplasm of two cells. Gap junctions can open or close in response to changes in the environment, and regulate the communication as per need.

Question:7

Why are blood, bone, and cartilage called connective tissues?

Answer:

Blood, bone, and cartilage are classified as connective tissues because they provide support and connect different tissues. They also play an important role in protection, transportation, and maintaining the temperature of the body.

Question:8

Why are neurons called excitable cells? Mention the special features of the membrane of the neurons.

Answer:

Neurons are called excitable cells because they can generate and transmit the signals to the body in response to stimuli. They are found in the polarized state and interact with the membrane.

Special features of the membrane of the neurons are:-

• It maintains a negative charge inside.

• It controls the flow of ions and maintains the ion balance.

• Rapid polarization and depolarization also occur.

Question:9

Why is the earthworm called the friend of a farmer?

Answer:

The earthworm is called the “friend of the farmer” because it improves soil quality by:

• Making burrows and allowing the air to penetrate.

• Breaks down the organic material and makes the nutrients available for the plants thus increasing the growth and yield of crops.

Question:10

How do you distinguish between the dorsal and ventral surface of the body of an earthworm?

Answer:

The dorsal and ventral surfaces of an earthworm can be distinguished by the colour as the dorsal surface is dark in colour and blood vessels run through the entire length, whereas the ventral surface is lighter and has setae that help in locomotion.

Question:11

Correct the wrong statement among the following.

a. In earthworms, a single male genital pore is present.
b. Typhlosole is the part of the intestine of earthworm
c. The muscular layer in the body wall of an earthworm is made up of only circular muscles
d. Setae help in the locomotion of earthworms.

Answer:

(a) In earthworms, a pair of genital pores is present in the 18th segment.

(b) This statement is correct.

(c) The muscular layer in the body wall of an earthworm is made up of both circular and longitudinal muscles.

(d) This statement is correct.

Question:12

Why are nephridia in earthworms that are basically similar in structure classified into three types? Mention the names of each.

Answer:

In earthworms, nephridia are basically similar in structure but are classified into three types based on the location where they are found. Three types are given below:

- Integumentary nephridia - Found on the septa between segments.

- Septal nephridia - Scattered on the body wall

- Pharyngeal nephridia - Located in the 4th, 5th, and 6th segments.

Question:13

The common names of some animals are given in column A. Write the scientific names of the same in column B.

Answer:

a. Peacock- Pavo cristatus

b. Housefly- Musca domestica

c. Tiger- Panthera tigris

Question:14

Complete the following statement-
a. In cockroach blood vessels open into spaces called_______
b. Malpighian tubules help in the removal of _________
c. In cockroach grinding of food particles is performed by________
d. The gut of a cockroach is differentiated into_______

Answer:

a. Gizzard

b. Nitrogenous waste

c. Haemocoel

d. Ileum, colon and rectum

Question:15

Mention the special features of the eye in a cockroach.

Answer:

The eye of a cockroach has the following special features:

• The cockroach has compound eyes that can detect small movements. Forms multiple images, giving a wide field of view and detecting movement effectively.

• Its sensitivity to light and motion is very high, helping in quick responses to threats.

• The resolution is not as good as that of the normal eye, but it allows the detection of fast movements.

Question:16

Frogs are poikilotherms, exhibit camouflage, and undergo aestivation and hibernation. How are all these beneficial to it?

Answer:

Frogs are poikilotherms (cold-blooded) and exhibit camouflage, estivation, and hibernation, which benefit them in the following ways:

Camouflage: It helps them blend into their surroundings, which allows them to protect themselves from predators.

Aestivation: Frogs that are present in hot and dry conditions prevent the loss of water and save energy.

Hibernation: This occurs during cold conditions, by which frogs allow themselves to slow down their metabolic activity and conserve energy.

Question:17

Write the function in brief in column B, appropriate to the structure given in column A.

Answer:

a. Helps in catching the sound waves.

b. Helps in holding the female body during the process of copulation.

c. It helps in providing underwater vision.

Question:18

Write the appropriate type of tissues in column B to the function mentioned in column A.

Answer:

a. Stratified epithelium

b. Connective tissues

c. Simple columnar epithelium

Question:19

Using appropriate examples, differentiate between false and true body segmentation.

Answer:

Question:20

What is special about the tissue present in the heart?

Answer:

The tissue present in the heart is cardiac muscle tissue, which has the following special features:

• The muscles of the heart contract automatically, without any extra effort.

• Allows the constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to the body.

• Muscles are striated but with branched fibres.

Find the Long Answer Questions of NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7

Question:1

Classify and describe epithelial tissue on the basis of structural modifications of cells.

Answer:

Epithelial tissues based on structural modifications of cells are divided into various types, which are explained below:

1- Simple Squamous Epithelium:

• These cells are flat and thin, which allows them to have easy diffusion and filtration.

• They are found in areas such as the lungs, blood vessels, and kidneys.

• Their primary function are diffusion, filtration, and secretion.

2- Simple Cuboidal Epithelium:

• These cells are cube-shaped and may have structures to increase surface area for absorption.

• They are found in the kidney tubules and on the surface of the ovaries.

• Their main functions include absorption and secretion.

3- Simple Columnar Epithelium:

• These are composed of tall, column-shaped cells. Microvilli are present to increase absorption.

• It is located in the lining of the digestive tract and the uterus.

• The main functions include absorption, secretion, and protection.

4- Ciliated Epithelium:

• These consist of columnar or cubical cells and have cilia on their free surfaces.

• The function of the cilia is to move particles in a particular direction.

5- Pseudostratified Epithelium:

• This epithelium is made up of a single layer of columnar cells but appears as more than one cell layer.

• These cells may contain cilia.

Question:2

Write down the common features of the connective tissue. On the basis of structure and function, differentiate between bones and cartilage.

Answer:

The common features of connective tissue are given below:-

• Connective tissues contain specialized cells such as fibroblasts, osteocytes, etc., depending on the type of tissue.

• The matrix of the connective tissue provides structural and biochemical support.

• Connective tissue provides structural support, protection, and insulation.

• It also connects different tissues and binds the organs.

The differentiation of bone and cartilage is given in the table:

Question:3

Comment upon the gametic exchange in earthworms during mating.

Answer:

Earthworms are the organisms that possess both male and female reproductive organs, meaning they are hermaphrodites. During mating, they exchange gametes with another earthworm. The process of gametic exchange is explained below:

Copulation Process:

During mating, two earthworms come together and position themselves in opposite directions. After that, they are held together by mucus secreted by the clitellum.

Exchange of Sperm:

Sperm is transferred from the male genital pores of one earthworm, which are present in the 18th segment, to the spermathecae of the other, which is in the 9th segment. The process occurs for several hours, providing enough time for the transfer of gametes.

Separation and Fertilization:

After sperm exchange, both earthworms get separated. Fertilization does not occur immediately. The mature egg cell and sperm get deposited in the cocoons, which are made by the fluid. Fertilization occurs externally in this mucus cocoon.

The cocoons are then deposited in the soil, and fertilization takes place.

Question:4

Explain the digestive system of a cockroach with the help of a labelled sketch.

Answer:

The digestive system of a cockroach consists of an alimentary canal and digestive glands. The alimentary canal is divisible into the following three regions:-

(1) Foregut

(2) Midgut

(3) Hindgut

Foregut- The foregut consists of a mouth cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, crop, and gizzard.

Mouth cavity -The mouth cavity lies in front of the mouth. It consists of labrum,labium, mandible and maxilla.This cavity contains the hypopharynx.

Pharynx - The mouth leads into a tubular pharynx.

Oesophagus - The pharynx passes into an oesophagus which is a short and narrow structure.

Crop - The crop is the largest part of the foregut and it serves as a reservoir for food.

Midgut - The gizzard then continues into a narrow, thick, tube-like structure. Between the gizzard and midgut, 5-8 finger-like outgrowths that secrete digestive enzymes are present. The posterior part of this part absorbs the digested food.

Hindgut - The hindgut consists of the Ileum(small intestine), colon (large intestine), and rectum. Rectum opens to the exterior by an anus.

Question:5

Draw a neat and well-labeled diagram of the male reproductive system of a frog.

Answer:

Also, Read NCERT Solution subject wise

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 7 Solutions: Learning Outcome

Going through the Chapter 7 provides students the information about the organisation of the tissues and its functions. Different tissues such as epithelial, muscle and neural tissues along with their diagrams and functions explained in a easy manner by the subject experts. They also discuss the surroundings, the environment they live in, the animals that are around and how their body carries out different activities in a coordinated and efficient manner. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 7 also includes the morphology and anatomy of frogs, cockroaches etc. with their simple and concise explanations and diagrams to visualize what they are saying.

Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here

• NCERT Books Class 11 Biology
• NCERT Syllabus Class 11 Biology
• NCERT Books Class 11
• NCERT Syllabus Class 11

Important Topics of NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7 Structural Organization in Animals

• Class 11 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 7 has detailed about the different kinds and classifications of animal tissues, organ and organ system of animals, their morphology, and anatomy are important topics which students should pay extra attention to.
• Studying the diagrams about the organisation of the tissues and its functions along with the surroundings, the environment they live in, the animals that are found there and how their body carries out different activities in a coordinated and efficient manner is a very important topic for students to focus on.
• Morphology and anatomy of organisms such as frog, earthworm, and cockroach are explained in detail along with their diagrams.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Solutions

Important diagrams of Chapter 7 Structural Organization in Animals

Diagram of respiratory system of cockroach- The Respiratory system of a cockroach consists of many parts, which are shown below to provide a clear understanding.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter Wise

The chapter-wise links are given below:

In a section, it also talks about how tissues form organs and that in turn forms an organ system in multicellular organisms which thereby helps in the proper functioning of the body. The in-depth information about the organisation and functions of the tissues gives students useful knowledge about animals. Solved exercises will give the clarity of the question patterns and gain confidence in answering the questions effectively. The learning of this chapter will be very useful in higher classes of CBSE and in competitive exams IIT-JEE and NEET.

Must Read NCERT Notes subject wise

• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Maths
• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Physics
• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Chemistry
• NCERT Notes for Class 11 Biology