NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7 Structural Organisation in Animals
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Download PDFNCERT exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 7 deals with the anatomy and morphology in animals to show their organisation and functioning. It also contains detailed diagrams of the same for a better and clearer understanding of the students. Class 11 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 7 describes the four major issues in the animal body and their placement, along with their core functions. The three main animals that it has set examples of along with fairly detailed diagrams are Earthworm, Cockroach and Frogs. Learn more about NCERT exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 7 in this article.
Also, check NCERT Solutions for Class 11.
Multiple Choice Question:
Question:1
Which one of the following types of cell is involved in making of the inner walls of the large blood vessels?
a. Stratified epithelium
b. Squamous epithelium
c. Columnar epithelium
d. Simple columnar epithelium
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) Squamous epitheliumExplanation: - Squamous epithelium is present in the inner walls of the large blood vessels as well as other internal organs
Question:2
To which one of the following categories does adipose tissue belong?
a. Connective
b. Muscular
c. Neural
d. Epithelial
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) Connective tissueExplanation: - Adipose tissue is a connective tissue since it is of mesodermal origin and possess similar characteristics
Question:3
Which one of the following is not a connective tissue?
a. Bone
b. Blood
c. Muscles
d. Cartilage
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) MusclesExplanation: - Muscles do not possess the characteristics of connective tissue and hence does not under that category. However, the other three are connective tissues
a. Bone b. Blood c. Muscles d. Cartilage
Question:4
The clitellum is a distinct part of the body of the earthworm, it is found in?
a. Segment 15-16-17
b. Segment 14-15-16
c. Segment 13-14-15
d. Segment 12-13-14
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) segment 14-15-16Explanation: - The clitellum is present at a distance of 2 cm or approximately 079 inch from the anterior end of the earthworm body. Segments 14-15-16 are also present at the same distance.
Question:5
Setae help in locomotion in earthworm but are not uniformly present in all the segments. They are present in
a. Clitellar segment
b. 20th - 22nd segment
c. Last segment
d. First segment
Answer:
The answer is the option (b) 20th -22nd segmentExplanation: - The setae assist in the locomotion process of the earthworm. The setae are located in every segment except for three parts. These three parts are- the first segment, the clitellar segment and the last segment.
Question:6
Which one of the following statements is true for cockroaches?
a. Anal styles are not present in females
b. Cockroaches are ureotelic
c. Their larval stage is known as caterpillar
d. The total number of ovarioles in a single ovary is ten
Answer:
The answer is the option (a) anal styles are not present in femalesExplanation: - Anal systems in female cockroaches are not present. However, the other three options are false since there is a total of 8 ovarioles in every ovary, the larval stage is not present, and cockroaches are uricotelic.
Question:7
Match the following and choose the correct option
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Options
a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii
B. a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv
C. a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii
D. a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii
Answer:
The answer is the option (d), a-iv, b-iii, c-I, d-iiExplanation: - Stratified epithelium is found in the skin, hyaline cartilage is present in the nose, the fluid connective tissue is found in the blood whereas the adipose tissue performs the function of fat storage
Question:8
Match the following and choose the correct answer
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a. A-iv, B-iii, C-I, D-ii
b. A-ii, B-i, C-iv, D- iii
c. A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D- ii
d. A- i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv
Answer:
The answer is the option (d) A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-ivExplanation: - When the sexes are found on the same organism, the condition is called hermaphrodite. When the young individual resembles the adult organism, the process is known as direct development. Also, the blood glands in an earthworm produce haemoglobin and blood cells. The chemoreceptors have a sense of chemical substances.
Question:9
Match the following with references to cockroach and choose the correct option
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a. A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv
b. A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
c. A-iv, B-iii, C-I, D-ii
d. A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i
Answer:
The answer is the option (c) A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-iiExplanation: - The opening of the ejaculatory duct is called the gonopore, whereas bundle of sperms is called a spermatophore. Ovarioles consist of chains of the maturing ova and every ovary consist of 8 ovarioles. The term ‘phallomere’ comes from the word phallus.
Question:10
Match the following and choose the correct answer
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a. A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-ii
b. A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
c. A-i, B-iv, C-iii, D-ii
d. A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-i
Answer:
Answer- The answer is the option (d) A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-iExplanation: - Olfactory receptors are located in the nasal epithelium, which helps in getting the sense of smell. The medulla oblongata passes through the foramen
magnum. The peripheral nervous system is composed of the cranial nerves. Sensory papillae help in sensing the touch.
Very Short Answer Type Questions:
Question:1
State the number of segments in earthworm which are covered by a prominent dark band or clitellum.
Answer:
The segments of earthworm which are covered by clitellum are the 14th , 15th and the 16th segment.Question:2
Where are the sclerites present in cockroach?
Answer:
The sclerites are present in every segment of the cockroach body.Question:3
How many times do nymphs moult to reach the adult form of a cockroach?
Answer:
The nymph moults around 13 times to achieve the adult form of a cockroach.Question:4
Identify the sex of a frog in which sound-producing vocal sacs are present.
Answer:
The male frogs possess sound-producing vocal sacs in their bodies.Question:5
Name the process by which a tadpole develops into an adult frog.
Answer:
By the process of metamorphosis, a tadpole develops into an adult frog.Question:6
What is the scientific term given to earthworm's body segment?
Answer:
The scientific term given to body segments of earthworms is metameres.Question:7
A muscle fibre tapers at both ends and does not show striations. Name the muscle fibre.
Answer:
The smooth muscle fibre tapers at both ends and does not show striation.Question:8
Name the different cell junction found in tissues
Answer:
The distinct cell junction found in tissues are- gap junction, tight junctions and the adhering junction.Question:9
Give two identifying features of an adult male frog
Answer:
The adult male frog can be identified by the vocal sacs and the copulatory pads present on the first digit of the frog forelimb.Question:10
Which mouth part of cockroach is comparable to our tongue?
Answer:
The hypopharynx in cockroaches is often compared to the human tongue.Question:11
Answer:
mouth- buccal cavity- oesophagus- stomach- intestine- rectum-cloaca- cloacal apertureQuestion:12
What is the difference between cutaneous and pulmonary respiration?
Answer:
During cutaneous respiration, breathing occurs by diffusion through the skin pores. However, in pulmonary respiration, breathing takes place through the lungs. In frogs, cutaneous respiration occurs underwater. Pulmonary respiration occurs when a frog is on land.Question:13
Answer:
The epical venous connection system located between the liver and intestine is called the hepatic portal system. The connection system between kidney and intestine is called the renal portal system.Short Answer Type Question:
Question:1
Give the location of hepatic caeca in a cockroach. What is their function?
Answer:
The hepatic caeca are located at the junction point of foregut and midgut in a cockroach. The hepatic caeca produce digestive enzymes and help in the process of digestion. Its function is similar to that of the liver in human bodies.Question:2
Frogs are beneficial for mankind. Justify the statement.
Answer:
Frogs are beneficial for mankind. This statement can be justified by the following reasons.- Frogs help in preventing damage done to crops and fields by eating the pests and insects.
- Frogs play a vital role in the ecological and form a key link in the food chain. Due to this factor, they are essential in the ecosystem.
Moreover, they are also used as food items in certain countries.
Question:3
Answer:
The sponge bodies are made up of thousands of cells.However, they do not possess prominent tissue organisation. The cells present in their bodies do not work in coordination with one another and therefore, function independently. Division of labour is absent, as seen in a general tissue organisation.Question:4
Answer:
Tissue level and organisation is not present here. It is the initial level of organisation which possesses a division of labour. And sometimes, cells come together and form tissue structure. This further forms essential specialised organ and complex organ systems.Question:5
Stratified epithelial cells have a limited role in secretion. Justify their role in our skin.
Answer:
The stratified epithelial cells are composed of strata of layers.The key function of the stratified epithelial is to provide a protective shield against mechanical and chemical stresses. Therefore, these epithelial cells possess a limited role in the secretion process.Question:6
How does a gap junction facilitate intercellular communication?
Answer:
Gap junction facilitates intercellular communication. These junctions are present in the form of fine hydrophilic channels between adjacent cells. The gap junctions are produced due to the help of protein cylinders called Connexus. The junctions allow signal molecules to pass from one cell to another. Thus, ensuring intercellular communication. This movement of cells is controlled by the Ca2+ concentration and the pH levels.Question:7
Why are blood, bone and cartilage called connective tissues?
Answer:
The blood, bones and cartilages are referred to as connective tissues. This is major because they form a structural framework of the bodies and connect different body parts from one another. Moreover,these parts are of mesodermal origin.Question:8
Why are neurons called excitable cells? Mention special features of the membrane of the neurons.
Answer:
The neurons are called excitable cells because their membranes are found in a polarised state. Due to this state, ions interact with the membrane and change the state of polarisation. Due to this, the neurons become excited. The ability to polarise and depolarise help in the transmission of a nerve impulse. Therefore, the neurons are often termed as excitable cells.
Question:9
Why earthworm is called the friend of a farmer?
Answer:
Earthworms are referred to as the friends of farmers. This is mainly because they make the topsoil loose and turn it into granular form. This, in turn, makes the soil permeable to the air molecules and accelerates the growth of crops and plants. The soil fertility is improved due to the growth of these creatures.
Question:10
How do you distinguish between dorsal and ventral surface of the body of an earthworm?
Answer:
The dorsal and ventral surface of the body can be distinguished by the colour of the surface. The dorsal surface is darker than the ventral portion. Moreover, setae are only found in the ventral portion.Question:11
Correct the wrong statement among the following.
a. In earthworm, a single male genital pore is present.
b. Typhlosole is the part of the intestine of earthworm
c. Muscular layer in the body wall of earthworm is made up of only circular muscles
d. Setae help in locomotion of earthworm.
Answer:
b and d are the correct statements.a. In an earthworm, paired male genital pores are located at the 18 th segment of the body of the earthworm.
b. It is a correct statement.
c. The muscular layer in the body wall of the earthworm is made up of an outer layer of circular muscle and an inner longitudinal muscle layer.
d. It is a correct statement
Question:12
Answer:
The nephridia in earthworm are categorised into three distinct types on the basis of the location they are the found in. These three types are: -- Integumentary nephridia: these are found attached to the wall of the 3rd segment till the last one
- Septal nephridia: these are located on both the sides of intersegmental septa of the 15th segment till the last one
- Pharyngeal nephridia: these are found as three paired tufts located in the 4th , 5th and 6th segment.
Question:13
| COLUMN A | COLUMN B |
| --------- |
| --------- |
| --------- |
Answer:
a. Peacock- Pavo cristatusb. Housefly- Musca domestica
c. Tiger- Panthera tigris
Question:14
Complete the following statement-
a. In cockroach blood vessels open into spaces called_______
b. Malpighian tubules help in removal of _________
c. In cockroach grinding of food particles is performed by________
d. Hind gut of cockroach is differentiated into_______
Answer:
a. Gizzardb. Nitrogenous waste
c. Haemocoel
d. Ileum, colon and rectum
Question:15
Mention the special features of the eye in a cockroach.
Answer:
The special features of the eye of a cockroach are listed below:- The cockroach eye is composed of multiple photoreceptor units.These units are called ommatidia.
- Every ommatidium constructs an image of the object seen.Therefore, all the ommatidia together form a mosaic of images of the object seen.
- These compound eyes have a large view angle and can help detect small activities by a single glance.
- However, the resolution of the images formed is not of good quality as compared to a simple eye.
Question:16
Answer:
Frogs are poikilothermic organisms. This indicates that their body temperature depends on the surrounding environment. This
assists in conserving the energy which is usually spent on regulating the body temperatures of different organisms. In order to bypass
unfavourable climatic condition, frogs require an ability to hibernate.Thus, the ability to camouflage help in avoiding predators. This also helps in catching their preys.
Question:17
Write the function in brief in column B, appropriate to the structure given in column A.
| COLUMN A | COLUMN B |
| __________ |
| __________ |
| __________ |
Answer:
a. Helps in catching the sound wavesb. Helps in holding the female body during the process of copulation
c. It helps in providing underwater vision
Question:18
Write the appropriate type of tissues in column B to the function mentioned in column A.
| COLUMN A | COLUMN B |
| a. Protective covering | __________ |
| b. Linkage and supporting framework | __________ |
| c. Secretion covering | __________ |
Answer:
a. Stratified epitheliumb. Connective tissues
c. Simple columnar epithelium
Question:19
Using appropriate examples, differentiate between false and true body segmentation.
Answer:
| False body segmentation | True body segmentation |
| Different segments of the bodywork in coordination |
| Segments are interrelated and linked |
| Example- earthworm |
Question:20
What is special about tissue present in the heart?
Answer:
The special tissues [resent in the heart are:- The heart tissues are auto-excitatory in nature and therefore possess their own mechanism to initiate contraction.
- These muscles are striated and show a branched structure
- The muscles depict a continuous cycle of systole and diastole
Long Answer Type Questions
Question:1
Classify and describe epithelial tissue on the basis of structural modifications of cells.
Answer:
Epithelial tissues are categorised into three distinct types. This categorisation is done on the basis of structural modification of cells and organisation.
- Squamous epithelium
These tissues are composed of a single thin layer of flattened cells. The cells of these tissues possess irregular boundaries and are usually found in the walls of
blood vessels and air sacs of lungs. The thin of this tissue ensures that diffusion can be facilitated across the boundary.
- Cuboidal epithelium
These tissues consist of a single layer of cuboidal cells. The tissue is usually found in the ducts of various glands and in the nephrons. The tissue performs the key function of secretion and absorption in the body.
- Columnar epithelium
These tissues are composed of a single layer of slender and long cells. The nucleus is usually created at the base of the cells. Moreover, microvilli are also
located at the top portion of these slender cells. The columnar epithelium is commonly found in the stomach lining and the intestine. The key function of this
tissue is to perform secretion and absorption activities.
- Ciliated epithelium
These tissues are commonly located on the cuboidal and columnar epithelium tissues. The key function performed by these tissues is to provide movement of
substances.
Question:2
Answer:
The features commonly found in connective tissue are listed below.- They help in constructing the structural framework of the body.
- They help in connecting different parts of the body
- Connective tissues are of mesodermal origin.
Bones and cartilages are differentiated below.
| Bones | Cartilages |
| The intercellular material of cartilages is solid and pliable |
| Cartilages only make a minuscule part of the skeletal system |
| Cell production does not take place in cartilages |
| The spaces between cartilages are the site for chondrocytes secreted by the matrix |
| Cartilage cells are known as chondrocytes |
 |  |
Question:3
Comment upon the gametic exchange in earthworm during mating.
Answer:
The gametic exchange in earthworm during mating is discussed below.- Earthworm posses both the sexes in an individual. Therefore, they are known as hermaphrodite animals.
- The ventro-lateral side 18th segment has a pair of the male genital pore.
- Moreover, the 6th and 9th segment have four pair of spermathecae
- The spermatozoa get deposited in the spermathecae during the process of copulation.
- Mating occurs between two earthworm bodies. The bodies get juxtapose so that the male genital pore of one earthworm is in the opposite direction to the spermathecae of the other earthworm.
- The exchange of spermatozoa occurs between two earthworms in the form of pockets called spermatophores.
- The mature egg cell and the sperm get deposited in the cocoons which are made by the fluid secreted by the clitellum gland
- The cocoons are then deposited in the ground, and further fertilisation occurs.
Question:4
Explain the digestive system of cockroach with the help of a labelled sketch.
Answer:
Answer- The digestive system of cockroaches is explained below.- The alimentary canal of the cockroach is distinguished into three-part namely the foregut, midgut and the hindgut.
The foregut consists of the cockroach oesophagus, gizzard, crop and the pharynx.
- Between the foregut and hindgut, the hepatic caeca are located
- The Malpighian tubules are located between the midgut and the hindgut
- The hindgut is composed of the ileum, colon and the rectum
- The short tubular structure at which the mouth opens is called the pharynx.
The pharynx further opens into another narrow tube called the oesophagus.
- The crop is a pouch in which the oesophagus opens. The crop stores the food material for a certain duration
- The crop opens into a circular muscle called the gizzard, which helps in food grinding.
- The hepatic caeca act as the liver of the cockroach body and help in the process of digestion
- The hindgut further opens into the rectum.
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter Wise:
More About NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 7 Structural Organization in Animals
In a section, it also talks about how tissues form organs and that in turn forms an organ system in multicellular organisms which thereby helps in the proper functioning of the body. The in-depth information about the organisation and functions of the tissues gives students useful knowledge about animals.
It is both useful and important for the students as it’ll help them to correct their own mistakes if any and also provides them with an insight into writing to the point answers and at the same time mention all the required points. It’ll also help them during their preparation for boards and other competitive exams that they might sit for.
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 7 Solutions Main Subtopics
Animal Tissues
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Neural Tissue
Organ and Organ System
Earthworm
Morphology
Anatomy
Cockroach
Morphology
Anatomy
Frogs
Morphology
Anatomy
What will the students learn in NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 7 Solutions?
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 7 makes understanding the topics much easier with their simple and concise explanations and diagrams to visualise what they are saying.
The NCERT exemplar solutions for Class 11 Biology chapter 7 provides students with information and related diagrams about the organisation of the tissues and its functions. They also discuss the surroundings, the environment they live in, the animals that are around and how their body carries out different activities in a coordinated and efficient manner.
Knowing about the animals in detail will help the students come up with vaccines for the treatment of the animals, later in life.
Important Topics of NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7 Structural Organization in Animals
- Class 11 Biology NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 7 has detailed that different kinds and classifications of animal tissues, organ and organ system of animals, their morphology, and anatomy are important topics which students should pay extra attention to.
- Studying the diagrams about the organisation of the tissues and its functions along with the surroundings, the environment they live in, the animals that are found there and how their body carries out different activities in a coordinated and efficient manner is a very important topic for students to focus on.
NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Solutions
Check Chapter-Wise Solutions of Questions Given in Book:
Chapter 1 | |
Chapter 2 | |
Chapter 3 | |
Chapter 4 | |
Chapter 5 | |
Chapter 6 | |
Chapter 7 | |
Chapter 8 | |
Chapter 9 | |
Chapter 10 | |
Chapter 11 | |
Chapter 12 | |
Chapter 13 | |
Chapter 14 | |
Chapter 15 | |
Chapter 16 | |
Chapter 17 | |
Chapter 18 | |
Chapter 19 | |
Chapter 20 | |
Chapter 21 | |
Chapter 22 |
Also, Read NCERT Solution subject wise
- NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths
- NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics
- NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry
Must Read NCERT Notes subject wise
- NCERT Notes for Class 11 Maths
- NCERT Notes for Class 11 Physics
- NCERT Notes for Class 11 Chemistry
- NCERT Notes for Class 11 Biology
Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here
- NCERT Books Class 11 Biology
- NCERT Syllabus Class 11 Biology
- NCERT Books Class 11
- NCERT Syllabus Class 11
Frequently Asked Question (FAQs) - NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 7 Structural Organisation in Animals
Question: Are these solutions detailed and simple?
Answer:
Yes, these solutions are described in a way that is easy to understand and easy to decipher.
Question: How to download the solutions of the chapter?
Answer:
By utilising the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology chapter 7 Solutions PDF Download function, one can download the solutions for the chapter.
Question: How to make use of these solutions?
Answer:
One can understand the topics better by studying the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology chapter 7 solutions and can also get an idea about how to answer in exams.
Question: What all things one will learn from this chapter?
Answer:
The learners will get to learn about various cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and detailed structure of frogs, cockroaches, and earthworms.
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