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NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 11 Transport in Plants

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 11 Transport in Plants

Edited By Priyanka kumari | Updated on Aug 19, 2022 03:37 PM IST

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 11 deals with the system of transportation that takes place in plants. We all know that plants are living beings and are autotrophic which means that they make their own food by using carbon dioxide, water, nutrients in the soil in a process known as photosynthesis as it uses sunlight as a source. Ever wondered how they make their food? The first thing that comes to your mind is through the process of photosynthesis. However, to make their food plants along with sunlight need raw materials such as water, minerals from the soil. Everything is explained in detail in the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 11.

This Story also Contains
  1. Multiple Choice Questions:
  2. Short Answer Type Questions:
  3. Long Answer Type Questions:
  4. Main Subtopics of NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 Solutions
  5. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter-Wise:
  6. What will students learn from NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 Solutions?
  7. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 11 - Important Topics
  8. NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Solutions for Other Subjects

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question:1

Which of the following statements does not apply to reverse osmosis?

(a) It is used for water purification.
(b) In this technique, pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied to the system.
(c) It is a passive process.
(d) It is an active process.

Answer:

The answer is the option (d).
Explanation: -
Reverse osmosis is known as the process which facilitates the passing of a solvent across a porous or semipermeable membrane, opposite to the direction of the usual process of osmosis. In normal osmosis, the hydrostatic pressure is larger in comparison to the osmotic pressure. Given that the reverse osmosis is the opposite, it is not an active process.

Question:2

Which one of the following will not directly affect transpiration?
(a) Temperature
(b) Light
(c) Wind speed
(d) Chlorophyll content of leaves

Answer:

The answer is the option (d) Chlorophyll content of the leaves
Explanation: -Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water in the form of dewdrops on the surface of the leaves, this does not involve the chlorophyll content in the leaves and is indifferent to it. Temperature, light and wind speed are determinants of the process on the other hand.

Question:3

The lower surface of leaf will have more number of stomata in a
(a) Dorsiventral leaf
(b) Isobilateral leaf
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) Dorsiventral leaf
Explanation: - The lower side of a dicotyledonous leaf has a higher number of stomata than the other side. The isobilateral leaf has the same number of stomata on both sides.

Question:4

The form of sugar transported through phloem is
(a) Glucose
(b) Fructose
(c) Sucrose
(d) Ribose

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Sucrose
Explanation: - It is a primary form of food, which is transported from the source by the vascular phloem tissue since it is an inactive form of sugar.

Question:5

The process of guttation takes place
(a) when the root pressure is high and the rate of transpiration is low
(b) when the root pressure is low and the rate of transpiration is high
(c) when the root pressure equals the rate of transpiration
(d) when the root pressure, as well as rate of transpiration, are high.

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) When the root pressure is high, and the rate of transpiration is low.
Explanation: - Guttation can only occur in the absence of transpiration, which is at night.
This process releases water droplets while water vapour is lost in the process of
transpiration.

Question:6

Which of the following is an example of imbibition?

(a) Uptake of water by root hair
(b) Exchange of gases in stomata
(c) Swelling of seed when put in soil
(d) Opening of stomata

Answer:

Ans. The answer is the option (c) Swelling of seeds when put in the soil.
Explanation: - Imbibition is the process through which seeds are able to absorb water and germinate.

Question:7

When a plant undergoes senescence, the nutrients may be
(a) Accumulated
(b) Bound to cell wall
(c) Translocated
(d) None of the above

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Translocated
Explanation: - Whenever a plant undergoes senescence, mineral ions are usually mobilized and relocated for the best use

Question:8

Water potential of pure water at standard temperature is equal to
(a) 10
(b) 20
(c) Zero
(d) None of these

Answer:

The answer is the option (c) Zero
Explanation: - The water potential of pure water and the standard temperature is zero.

Question:9

Choose the correct option. Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association of fungus with root system which helps in
A. Absorption of water
B. Mineral nutrition
C. Translocation
D. Gaseous exchange

(a) Only A
(b) Only B –
(c) Both A and B
(d) Both B and C

Answer:

Ans. The explanation is the option (c) Both A & B
Explanation: - Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association of fungus which plays an important role in absorption of water and mineral nutrients.

Question:10

Based on the figure given below, which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Movement of solvent molecules will take place from chamber A to B
(b) Movement of solute will take place from A to B
(c) Presence of a semipermeable is a prerequisite for this process to occur
(d) The direction and rate of osmosis depends on both the pressure gradient and concentration gradient.

Answer:

The answer is the option (b) Movement of solute will take place from A to B
Explanation: - The movement will take place from B to A. The movement always takes place from high solvent concentration to low.

Question:11

Match the following and choose the correct option.

A
Leaves
i
Anti-transpirant
B
Seed
ii
Transpirant
C
Roots
iii
Negative osmotic potential
D
Aspirin
iv
Imbibition
E
Plasmolyzed cell
v
Absorpation
Options:
(a) A—(ii), B—(iv), C—(v), D—(i), E—(iii)
(b) A—(iii), B—(ii), C—(iv), D—(i), E—(v)
(c) A—(i), B—(ii), C—(iii), D—(iv), E—(v)
(d) A—(v), B—(iv), C—(iii), D—(ii), E—(i)


Answer:

The answer is the option (a) A—(ii), B—(iv), C—(v), D—(i), E—(iii)
Explanation: -
  • Leaves- Transpiration, this is due to the fact that leaves are the main source of conducting the process of transpiration due to the presence of stomata, which aid and regulate the process.
  • Seed- Imbibition, seeds grow and foster through the process of imbibition which happens through the retention of water and leads to the seed's germination.
  • Roots - absorption, this is due to the reason that roots are the primary way of absorption of nutrients through the soil to nurture the plant and aid in the growth of the shoot.
  • Aspirin- anti transpirant, this fits because aspirin is a metabolic inhibitor which is a type of anti transpirant.
  • Plasmolysed cell pairs with negative osmotic potential as plasmolysis occurs due to the hypertonic surrounding which causes the shrinking of the protoplasm.This creates a negative osmotic potential.

Question:12

Mark the mismatched pair.
(a) Amyloplast—Store protein granule
(b) Elaioplast—Store oils or fats
(c) Chloroplasts—Contain chlorophyll pigments
(d) Chromoplasts—Contain coloured pigments other than chlorophyll

Answer:

The answer is the option (a) Amyloplast—Store protein granule

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

Smaller, lipid soluble molecules diffuse faster through cell membrane, but the movement of hydrophilic substances are facilitated by certain transporters which are chemically ________.

Answer:

Proteins




Question:2

In a passive transport across a membrane, when two protein molecules move in opposite direction and independent of each other, it is called as ________

Answer:

Antiport

Question:3

Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion, in which water diffuses across the cell membrane. The rate and direction of osmosis depends upon both _______

Answer:

Pressure and concentration gradient

Question:4

A flowering plant is planted in an earthen pot and irrigated. Urea is added to make the plant grow faster, but after some time the plant dies. This may be due to ________.

Answer:

Exosmosis

Question:5

Absorption of water from soil by dry seeds increases the ________ thus helping seedlings to come out of soil.

Answer:

Pressure

Question:6

Water moves up against gravity and even for a tree of 20 m height, the tip receives water within two hours. The most important physiological phenomenon which is responsible for the upward movement of water is _________

Answer:

Transpiration Pull

Question:7

The plant cell cytoplasm is surrounded by both cell wall and cell membrane.The specificity of transport of substances are mostly across the cell membrane, because _________

Answer:

The cell membrane is selectively permeable

Question:8

The C4 plants are twice as efficient as C3 plants in terms of fixing CO2 but lose only _________ as much water as C3 plants for the same amount of CO2 fixed.

Answer:

Half

Question:9

Movement of substances in xylem is unidirectional while in phloem it is bidirectional. Explain.

Answer:

Movement in phloem is active transport, on the other hand, the movement in the xylem is done by means of passive transport, which is why the food in the phloem sap can be transported both upwards and downwards whereas the movement in xylem stays limited.

Question:10

Identify the process occurring in I, II and III.

Answer:

i) Uniport, ii) Antiport, iii) Symport

Question:11

Given below is a table. Fill in the gaps.

S. No.
Property
Simple
diffusion
Facilitated
transport
Active
transport
i.
Highly selective

Yes

ii.
Uphill transport


Yes
iii.
Requires ATP






Answer:

S. No.
Property
Simple diffusion
Facilitated transport
Active
transport
i.
Highly selective
No
Yes
Yes
ii.
Uphill transport
No
No
Yes
iii.
Requires ATP
No
No
Yes


Question:12

Define water potential and solute potential.

Answer:

Water potential is the kinetic energy of water, and it decreases on the addition of a solute. The degree and magnitude by which the water potential reduces on the addition of a solute is known as solute potential.

Question:13

Why is solute potential always negative. Explain yw = ys + yp

Answer:


The water potential is reduced when a solute dissolves in water as the concentration decreases, in comparison to pure water. The solute potential is the measure and indication of the decrease in water pollution caused by the solute. Water potential is always negatively affected by the solute potential and thus making the solute potential also negative.
At standard normal temperature, the solute potential and water potential are always equal. If the is increased, the solute's water potential rises and is denoted by the equation of.

y _w = y_s + y_ p

The suffix of w is the water potential while z is the solute potential and p is the pressure respectively.

Question:14

An onion peel was taken and
(a) Placed in salt solution for five minutes.
(b) After that it was placed in distilled water. When seen under the microscope
what would be observed in (a) and (b)?

Answer:

When (a) happens, there is the loss of water since the concentration of water is higher of the peel than the surrounding salt - concentrated solution, which will lead to a loss of water. Thus the cells will undergo osmosis and shrink.

In the case of (b), the surrounding solution is less concentrated than the onion peel, and thus the peels would gain water and swell up, which will cause the shrunken cells to become normal.

In both cases, the changes occur due to the process of osmosis of water.

Question:15

Differentiate between apoplast and symplast pathways of water movement. Which of these would need active transport?

Answer:

The apoplast pathway facilitates the movement of water through the root, and this is due to the cortical cells being loosely arranged. The symplast pathway facilitates very less amount of water transport. The water movement in the apoplast pathway is restricted to the Casparian strip, and thus the symplast pathway is taken instead.

Question:16

How does most of the water moves within the root?

Answer:

The boundary of the endodermis is the location where the Casparian strip is found and it is composed of suberin, thus being impenetrable to water. This restricts the passage of water through the apoplast pathway and forces it to follow through the symplast pathway instead.

Question:17

Give the location of Casparian strip and explain its role in the water movement?

Answer:

Endodermal cell plant roots contain the Casparin strips, where it prevents the water movement from returning to the cortex, creating a positive hydrostatic pressure inthe vascular tissue.

Question:18

Differentiate between guttation and transpiration.

Answer:

  • Guttation takes place at night while transpiration occurs during the day.
  • Guttation is the process through which water is lost by the leaves in the form of water droplets, transpiration where water is lost through water vapour.
  • Guttation is facilitated through the leaves and their vein endings while stomata in the leaves carry out transpiration.
  • Guttation is not a voluntary or a controlled process while transpiration is regulated and controllable.

Question:19

Transpiration is a necessary evil in plants. Explain.

Answer:

Many processes in plants are regulated and dependant on the process of transpiration, such as the ascent of sap. The plant functions are dependent on this process and regulate the growth of plants, especially tall plants. The process helps in the loss of water through the form of water vapour and regulate the water level, but sometimes can lead to an excess loss, thus creating a shortage. Thus there is less water available for photosynthesis, and most of it is lost through transpiration. Thus in some, the process is very necessary, but on the other hand, it also causes certain issues, thus making it a necessary evil.

Question:20

Describe briefly the three physical properties of water which help in the ascent of water in xylem.

Answer:

  • Cohesion is the ability by which water molecules stick to each other, which helps the ascent of water in a continuous stream.
  • Adhesion helps the ascent of water in the xylem as this is the ability by which water sticks to a surface causing easy transport.
  • Surface tension helps the ascent of water in the xylem as this helps the water molecules to occupy the least surface area possible and helps in the maximum amount to move.

Question:21

A gardener forgot to water a potted plant for a day during summer, what will happen to the plant? Do you think it is reversible? If yes, how?

Answer:

During summer the water lost is much higher than the amount of water retained.This will cause the plant to wilt if it is not watered in summer. Transpiration during the day will add to the water loss and it is reversible if the water is supplied at the correct time, a long delay will lead to wilting.

Question:22

Identify a type of molecular movement which is highly selective and requires special membrane proteins but does not require energy.

Answer:

Facilitated diffusions the molecular movement and the diffusion of the substance is highly dependent on the liquid solubility. The diffusion cannot happen if the substance has hydrophilic moiety and to facilitate it, the special membrane proteins come to the rescue. As diffusion occurs from a region of high concentration to low concentration,energy is not spent; instead, the process is natural. This process is highly selective and does not allow all substances to pass through.

Question:23

Correct the statements.
(a) Cells shrink in hypotonic solutions and swell in hypertonic solutions.
(b) Imbibition is a special type of diffusion when water is absorbed by living cells.
(c) Most of the water flow in the roots occurs via the symplast.

Answer:

(a) Cells swell in hypotonic solutions and shrink in hypertonic solutions.
(b) Imbibition is a special type of diffusion when water is absorbed by solids – colloids.
(c) Most of the water flow in the roots occurs via the apoplast.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

Minerals absorbed by the roots travel up the xylem. How do they reach the parts where they are needed most? Do all the parts of the plant get the same amount of the minerals?

Answer:

Minerals in the soil cannot all be taken by the plant and need to be regulated. The transportation is different, and sometimes it can be active or passive. Passive transportation occurs through the root hairs, where the special membrane proteins present in the epidermal cells regulate the active movement of nutrients. The transport proteins are also present in the endodermal cells, which help in the restricted uptake of nutrients. The proteins in these cells act as guards and allow selective entry of solutes to enter the xylem. Moreover, the endodermis; layer of suberin allows only one direction of transport.

Question:2

If one wants to find minerals and in the form they are mobilized in the plant,how will an analysis of the exudate help?

Answer:

It helps in understanding the ways and structure in which the transportation of minerals happens. The xylem and its analysis depict that the maximum amount of nitrogen is converted into organic forms to facilitate movement and not in the inorganic form. The xylem and phloem also facilitate the exchange of nutrients, and while sodium and potassium are transported in organic compounds, it is not necessarily a compulsion. Therefore it cannot be determined that the xylem causes only the inorganic substances transportation and the phloem of the organic ones.

Question:3

From your knowledge of physiology, can you think of some method of increasing the life of cut plants in a vase?

Answer:

The life of a plant which is cut in a vase can be lengthened by placing the plant in water and watering it regularly, adding extra external nutrients to the water it is placed in as well as the exposure to certain chemicals such as cytokinin hormone to not only increase the life span but also cause the plant growth.

Question:4

Do different species of plants growing in the same area show the same rate of transpiration at a particular time? Justify your answer.

Answer:

The number and concentration of stomata, openings of the stomata as well as the water level and the structure of the leaf are the main determinants which regulate the process of transpiration. These differ from plant to plant even if they are growing in the same area and can show different levels of transpiration.

Question:5

Water is indispensable for life. What properties of water make it useful for all biological processes on the earth?

Answer:

Water is regarded as the universal solvent, and it dissolves most compounds causing easy transport and absorption. It majorly forms the protoplast and is the primary element of most cells, thus being a part of their composition. The medium for most transportation is water, and it makes the process faster and easier through various membranes and processes.
Availability of nutrients in water is high, which helps the life of many organisms, such as the presence of oxygen. It helps in regulating temperature and processes like pollination and also helps in the relief of heat and regulation of temperature.

Question:6

How is it that the intracellular levels of K+ are higher than extracellular levels in animal cells?

Answer:

A quiescent cell has a quite static membrane potential, and the stage is known as the potential resting stage. The intracellular intensity of K + in the cell membrane is far higher than the animal extracellular levels. This is known as the sodium/proton pump and is caused by positive sodium and potassium ions. For every three positive sodium ions leaving, two positive potassium ions enter, and the positive ions increase and cause the change.

Question:7

Cut pieces of beetroot do not leave colour in cold water but do so in hot water. Explain.

Answer:

In hot water, the plasma membrane of the beetroot leaks and the pigments are loose in the water causing the colouring. The cold water is much lower in temperature,causing no damage to the plasma membrane and no colour is leaked.

Question:8

In a girdled plant, when water is supplied to the leaves above the girdle, leaves may remain green for some time then wilt and ultimately die. What does it indicate?

Answer:

Leaves have the ability to facilitate the process of photosynthesis when water is available.

The leaves are not able to transport or translate the substances causing disruption, and the girdling adds to the damage leading to phloem and its injury. This causes the girdle to die even if the water is available.

Question:9

Various types of transport mechanisms are needed to fulfil the mineral requirements of a plant. Why are they not fulfilled by diffusion alone?

Answer:

The soil hosts numerous mineral in the form of ions, and these cannot freely move across root walls and membraned due to the difference in the environment and concentration level. The soil has less concentration, and the particles are not permeable through the cell membrane. Therefore diffusion alone does not solve the transport issue.

Question:10

How can plants be grown under limited water supply without compromising on metabolic activities?

Answer:

Changes in the water level cause physiological changes in the plant. Transpiration is reduced, and leaves might wilt to conserve water and reduces loss. Thus normal metabolic activities can be continued despite the water shortage.

Question:11

Will the ascent of sap be possible without the cohesion and adhesion of the water molecules? Explain.

Answer:

For the ascent of sap, a lot of factors are considered, such as the pressure of the roots, forces of cohesion and adhesion as well rate of transpiration and the action of the capillary. Adhesion makes the water molecules stick to a surface while cohesion helps the water molecules to stick together to move as one unit, without these forces, the water molecules will lose their tendency, ability, and agility to seamlessly transport nutrients and move disrupting the ascent of sap.

Question:12

Keep some freshly cut flowers in a solution of food colour. Wait for some time for the dye to rise in the flower, when the stem of the flower is held up in light, coloured strands can be seen inside. Can this experiment demonstrate which tissue is conducting water up the stem?

Answer:

The coloured strands depict that water has flowed constantly through the stem, and this is due to the forces of cohesion and adhesion. This experiment effectively demonstrates the ascent of water in the stem due to the xylem.

Question:13

When a freshly collected Spirogyra filament is kept in a 10% potassium nitrate solution, it is observed that the protoplasm shrinks in size:
(a) What is this phenomenon called?
(b) What will happen if the filament is replaced in distilled water?

Answer:

Ans.
(a) Plasmolysis
(b) This will cause more water to enter into the cells, and the cells would swell and return to their natural shape and size.

Question:14

Sugar crystals do not dissolve easily in ice cold water. Explain.

Answer:

Ans. The lower the temperature, the lesser kinetic energy is possessed by the water. Sugar thus does not dissolve in cold water and will dissolve easily in hotter temperatures.

Question:15

Salt is applied to tennis lawns to kill weeds. How does salting tennis lawns help in killing of weeds without affecting the grass?

Answer:

Salt increases the concentration of the soil, causing the water in the roots to move out through osmosis in order to balance the concentration and leading to excessive water loss. While it can reduce weeds, the application of salt can also be harmful and damage plants and instead should be applied as a solution and not a direct application of salt.

Question:16

What is the chemical composition of xylem and phloem sap?

Answer:

The xylem sap constitutes mainly of sulphur and potassium inorganic substances and nitrogen in the organic state. The phloem sap is also a mixture of both, where the food is transported with the help of organic compounds, but the exchange is facilitated by the inorganic substances.

Question:17

If you are provided with two tubes (A and B), where one is narrow and the other is relatively wider and if both are immersed in a beaker containing water as shown in the figure given.

Why does B show higher water rise than A?

Answer:

Ans :
While lumen A is thicker, lumen B is longer, which creates a greater capillary effect, and the water rises higher due to the pressure created.


Question:18

What are 'aquaporins'? How does the presence of aquaporins affect osmosis?

Answer:

The integral membrane proteins are known as aquaporins. They are a part of the MIP- Major Intrinsic Proteins and constitute the pores of the cell membranes which help increase the speed of osmosis.

Question:19

ABA (abscisic acid) is called a stress hormone.
(a) How does this hormone overcome stress conditions?
(b) From where does this hormone get released in leaves?

Answer:

(a) ABA helps when the water available is scarce and communicate with the stomata. This causes the stomata to close, thus stopping the process of transpiration and saving the excess loss of water and conserving it instead. This helps regulate stress situations.

(b) The stem apex releases ABA to travel to the leaves.

Question:20

We know that plants are harmed by excess water. But plants survive under flooded condition. How are they able to manage excess water?

Answer:

Some plants are adapted to survive in conditions with excess water and have features which make the acclimatized to it. The stems of these plants are long and keep them above the surface of the water while it is hollow to facilitate the easy passage of gases and foster growth.

Question:21

Differentiate between diffusion and translocation in plants.

Answer:

  • Diffusion is a passive process, while translocation is an active one.
  • Translocation employs energy in the form of ATP from the cell, while diffusion occurs naturally and does not require energy.
  • Diffusion causes the water to move as well, along with certain gases, but translocation involves the movement of only organic substances.

Question:22

How is facilitated diffusion different from diffusion?

Answer:

Diffusion is with the osmosis process and in the same direction, but facilitated diffusion is in the opposite direction.
Diffusion is quite a slow time-taking process, but facilitated diffusion is comparatively a quick one.
Diffusion does not rely on the living system, but facilitated diffusion does.

Question:23

Explain the mass flow hypothesis of transport in the phloem.

Answer:

Mass flow hypothesis is regarded as the pressure-flow hypothesis and is the movement of food along the phloem. The concentration of glucose causes the osmosis gradient to form, and the movement of water is facilitated to the phloem through the xylem to maintain the concentration.

The turgor pressure causes the phloem sap to transport sugar to the sink from the source, and the pressure which plays a key role here is the flow hypothesis. The substance is moved in bulk and is known as the mass flow hypothesis.


Question:24

Observe the diagram and answer the following:


(a) Are these types of guard cells found in monocots or dicots?
(b) Which of these shows a higher water content (i) or (ii)?
(c) Which element plays an important role in the opening and closing of stomata?

Answer:

(a) Bean shaped guard cells are located in dicots
(b) In (i) stomata is open and turgid and thus have high water level than in (ii) which is mostly closed and quite flaccid
(c) Potassium is the key element

Question:25

Define uniport, symport and antiport. Do they require energy?

Answer:

Uniport is the movement characterized when the molecules pass and move across cell membranes irrespective of each other and without being dependant of each other.

Antiport is the transportation when the said molecules act opposite and move in absolute contrary directions to each other.
Symport is the process in which the molecules move along, in the same direction.All these ways do not require any energy from the cell.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question:1

Minerals are present in the soil in sufficient amounts. Do plants need to adjust the types of solutes that reach the xylem? Which molecules help to adjust this? How do plants regulate the type and quantity of solutes that reach xylem?

Answer:

There are several elements and nutrients placed and located in the soil, but the plant needs to regulate and adjust the kind of minerals that travel to the xylem.

Some of these ions present in the soil travel from the soil to the root hair, in a passive way. The active transport of ions in the soil is regulated by the epidermal cell special membrane proteins. Transportation of certain proteins can also be facilitated by the endodermal cells, which regulate and allows selective entry of ions. The proteins located in these cells screen and take care of which ions to allow entry. The suberin layer of the endodermis allows transport in only one direction.

Question:2

Plants show temporary and permanent wilting. Differentiate between the two. Do any of them indicate the water status of the soil?

Answer:

- Temporary wilting is only the temporary change causing a turgidity loss while permanent wilting is a permanent, irreversible loss in turgidity in cells.
- The process of temporary wilting only occurs when the rate of water supply is lower than the rate of transpiration; however, permanent wilting occurs when the difference is even lower than the critical level.
- Temporary wilting is reversible and can be taken care of as soon as there is a regular supply of water, but permanent wilting cannot be reversed and will lead to the plant death.
- Temporary wilting is a phase after which the plant and resume normal functioning, but that is not the case with permanent wilting.

Question:3

Which of these is a semipermeable membrane (S.P) and which is selectively permeable (S.L)
(a) Animal bladder
(b) Plasmalemma
(c) Tonoplast
(d) Parchment membrane
(e) Egg membrane

Answer:

(a) Animal Bladder - Semi-permeable
(b) Plasmalemma - Selectively permeable
(c) Tonoplast - Selectively permeable
(d) Parchment membrane - Semi-permeable
(e) Egg membrane - Semi-permeable

Question:4

Halophytes may show precell pressure very much higher than atmospheric pressure. Explain how this can happen?

Answer:

Halophytes are plants which are conditioned and have adapted to growing in a salt-based and concentrated environment. Concentration in the soil is much higher than the water present in the stem of the plant. Water potential is much less in the soil and can cause excessive water loss of the plant creating a stressful situation. Therefore the plants adapt to this situation by storing high concentrated salts thus increasing the water potential of the soil and causing intake of water. This helps the plant to regulate and maintain its cell composition and pressure.


Question:5

The radio-labelled carbon in carbon dioxide supplied to potato plants in an experiment was seen in the tuber eventually. Trace the movement of the labelled carbon dioxide.

Answer:

To observe the creation of Carbohydrate and the following movement of starch from various parts of the plant to the others, the radiolabelled carbon dioxide is supplied. Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves; the radioactive carbon dioxide will travel to the leave parenchyma.

Following the process of photosynthesis, the radioactive carbon will be the Carbohydrate in the leaves. This can also be proved by the presence of starch which is a by-product of photosynthesis. The carbohydrates soon transform into starch and are moved to the other organs to store it. Thus the radioactive carbon can be detected in the tubers, as the starch is stored in tubers.


Question:6

Water molecule is very polar. Polar end of molecule attracts opposite charges on another water molecule (acts like magnet). How will you explain this property of water with reference to upward movement of water? Comment on the upward movement of water given the intermolecular hydrogen bonding in water.

Answer:

Water is known to be a highly polar molecule; the hydrogen atom is positive by the oxygen atom is negative, which creates the polar charge. Therefore the two atoms attract each other and create a force which is one of the major determinants for or the surface tension that is formed on any liquid, complemented by certain intermolecular forces. This helps the plant to absorb water from the soil through the root and the xylem, eventually reaching the leaves. The forces of cohesion and adhesion help molecules to stick to each other as well as a surface and enable it to be transported in a continuous fashion. All these factors help and assist the ascent of sap.

Question:7

Comment on the experimental setup.


(a) What does the setup demonstrate?
(b) What will happen to the level of water if a blower is placed close to setup.
(c) Will the mercury level fluctuate (go up/ down) if phenyl mercuric acetate is sprayed on leaves?

Answer:

(a) The changes in the process of transpiration due to fluctuation in the wind speed is demonstrated
(b) If the blower is closer, the wind speed will increase thus lowering the level of water and subsequently increasing the speed of transpiration.
(c) Mercury level would decrease if phenyl mercuric ic spayed as it will lower the speed of transpiration.

Also, check NCERT Class 11 Biology Solutions of other chapters.

Hence plants need a system of transportation to supply raw materials and food to every part of the plant. Besides, this system is also important for giving out waste and gases.

All of which are detailed in the NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 which by utilising the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 11 PDF Download function students can make learning even more convenient as they will get access to quality study material effectively constructed by experts for the best learning experience.

Main Subtopics of NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 Solutions

  • Means of transport
  • Diffusion
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport
  • Comparison of different transports
  • Plant water relation
  • Water potential
  • Osmosis
  • Plasmolysis
  • Imbibition
  • Long-distance transport of water
  • Transpiration
  • Uptake and transport of Mineral Nutrients
  • Uptake of mineral ions
  • Translocation of mineral ions
  • Phloem transport

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter-Wise:

Chapter 15 Plant Growth and Development

What will students learn from NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 Solutions?

This chapter is very interesting as it provides knowledge of the transportation of water, gases and minerals that take place within the plant. Students will comprehend the transport of all of the ingredients for food for the plants.

Now, how does this transport take place? NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 11 explores various modes of transportation that takes place within the plants such as diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis etc.

Plants have pipe-like vessels that enable this system of transportation. These vessels are made up of elongated cells and thick walls through which water and minerals enter the plants. A group of cells from tissue to aid this transport. These tissues are called conducting tissues and are divided into two groups, namely Xylem and Phloem.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology solutions chapter 11 will help students get a deep insight about this chapter. Xylem spreads throughout the plant and plays an essential role in the transport of water molecules. At the same time, Phloem delivers food to different parts of the plant. So, in short, leaves are the factory that produces food through photosynthesis. Leaves receive water and minerals for this process through Xylem, and once the food is ready, it is delivered by Phloem.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 11 - Important Topics

· Class 11 Biology NCERT Exemplar solutions chapter 11 has detailed that diffusion, osmosis, plasmolysis, imbibition, long-distance transfer of water, transpiration, minerals, minerals in the soil, phloem transport are important topics which students should pay extra attention to.

· The function of Xylem and Phloem, importance of water, soil, minerals and capillary effect are important topics which students should pay attention to as well.

NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Solutions for Other Subjects

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Check Chapter-Wise Solutions of Questions Given in Book:

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Must Read NCERT Notes subject wise

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Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

1. Which topics are covered in this chapter?

In this chapter, transportation of water and mineral in plants are discussed along with transpiration, translocation, and plant water relation. 

2. Are these questions solved as per the CBSE pattern?

Yes, these NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Solutions Chapter 11 are designed as per the accepted rule of CBSE. 

3. Is there a diagram included in the solutions?

Yes, our experts have included well labelled and describing diagrams in the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology Chapter 11 Solutions. 

4. Are these solutions helpful?

Yes, these solutions are very helpful for students who want to prepare better and score well.

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