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NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry solutions Chapter 11 P-Block Elements is extremely interesting and deals with nothing but P-Block elements. This chapter of NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Chemistry provides in depth knowledge about the movement of electrons especially in the P-Block. In the previous chapter we studied S-Block elements, let’s get accustomed to P-Block elements in this chapter. NCERT Exemplar class 11 Chemistry chapter 11 solutions is designed in order to help students clear their concepts in the most engaging manner. Students should get access to NCERT Exemplar class 11 Chemistry solutions chapter 11 PDF download for offline learning.
Also check - NCERT solutions for Class 11 Chemistry book questions.
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The element which exists in a liquid state for a wide range of temperature and
can be used for measuring high temperature is
(i) B
(ii) Al
(iii) Ga
(iv) In
Answer:
The answer is the option (iii) Ga
Galium has different structural properties and can remain in the liquid state for a wide range of temperature since it is melting point is 30°C and boiling point is 224°C.
Question:2
Which of the following is a Lewis acid?
Answer:
The answer is the option
AlCl3 is electron-deficient and ready to accept electrons and thus acts as a Lewis acid. It is an electron acceptor and a covalent compound.
Question:3
The geometry of a complex species can be understood from the knowledge of type of hybridisation of orbitals of central atom. The hybridisation of orbitals of central atom in and the geometry of the complex are respectively
(i) , tetrahedral
(ii), square planar
(iii) , octahedral
(iv) , square planar
Answer:
The answer is the option (i) , tetrahedral
Boron in the excited state has 2s orbitals which are not paired and one electron which is in the p-orbital. In hybridization, the hybridization is formed, and tetrahedral geometry is observed.
Electronic configuration of boron;
Question:4
Which of the following oxides is acidic in nature?
Answer:
The answer is the option because it is acidic and forms metal borates on reaction with basic oxides.
Question:5
The exhibition of highest co-ordination number depends on the availability of vacant orbitals in the central atom. Which of the following elements is not likely to act as central atom in ?
(i) B
(ii) Al
(iii) Ga
(iv) In
Answer:
The answer is the option (i) B
The element M in the complex ion has 6 as the coordination number and the B has no d orbitals. Therefore the maximum coordination number it can show is 4 and cannot form the .
Question:6
Boric acid is an acid because its molecule
(i) contains replaceable ion
(ii) gives up a proton
(iii) accepts from water releasing proton
(iv) combines with proton from water molecule
Answer:
The answer is the option (iii) accepts from water releasing proton.
Boron has a small atomic size and only 6 electrons in the valence shell, releases a proton, when it accepts electrons from ion of.
Question:7
Answer:
The answer is the option
The atomic size decreases when there is movement along down the group and the bond energy, as well as the catenation property, also decreases. Therefore carbon shows maximum catenation in group 14.
Question:8
The answer is the option
By adding the length of the chain can be controlled, and the ends are blocked.
Question:9
Ionisation enthalpy for the elements of Group 13 follows the order.
Answer:
The answer is the option l
The ionization energy decreases on moving down a group, and the atomic size increases. Till Ga, the ionization energy increases slightly but soon starts decreasing due to the shielding effect of d-electrons and increases once the shielding effect is less. Thus the nuclear energy increase when the ionization energy rises.
Question:10
In the structure of diborane
(i) All hydrogen atoms lie in one plane and boron atoms lie in a plane perpendicular to this plane.
(ii) 2 boron atoms and 4 terminal hydrogen atoms lie in the same plane and 2 bridging hydrogen atoms lie in the perpendicular plane.
(iii) 4 bridging hydrogen atoms and boron atoms lie in one plane and two terminal hydrogen atoms lie in a plane perpendicular to this plane.
(iv) All the atoms are in the same plane.
Answer:
The answer is the option (ii) 2 boron atoms and 4 terminal hydrogen atoms lie in the same plane and 2 bridging hydrogen atoms lie in the perpendicular plane.
Question:12
Quartz is extensively used as a piezoelectric material, it contains ___________.
(i) Pb
(ii) Si
(iii) Ti
(iv) Sn
Answer:
The answer is the option (ii) Si because silica is the element that crystallizes to form Quartz.
Question:13
The most commonly used reducing agent is
Answer:
The answer is the option
Sn has the oxidation state of +4 and is more stable than the other oxidation states. Thus it is easily oxidized to and becomes a reducing agent.
Question:14
Dry ice is
(i) Solid
(ii) Solid
(iii) Solid
(iv) Solid
Answer:
The answer is the option (iii) Solid
Dry ice is solid .
Question:15
Cement, the important building material is a mixture of oxides of several elements. Besides calcium, iron and sulphur, oxides of elements of which of the group (s) are present in the mixture?
(i) group 2
(ii) groups 2, 13 and 14
(iii) groups 2 and 13
(iv) groups 2 and 14
Answer:
The answer is the option (ii) Groups 2,13 and 14
Elements of group 2- calcium and group 13- aluminium and group 14- silicon, constitute Cement.
Question:16
The reason for the small radius of Ga compared to Al is _______.
(i) poor screening effect of d and f orbitals
(ii) increase in nuclear charge
(iii) presence of higher orbitals
(iv) higher atomic number
Answer:
The answer is the option (i) poor screening effect of d and f orbitals and (ii) increase in nuclear charge.
The poor screening effect of the electrons and additional 10d electrons increase charge in Ga, and thus the radius of Ga is less than Al.
Question:17
The linear shape of is due to _________.
(i) hybridisation of carbon
(ii) sp hybridisation of carbon
(iii) bonding between carbon and oxygen
(iv) hybridisation of carbon
Answer:
The answer is the option (ii) sp hybridization of carbon and (iii) bonding between carbon and oxygen
has a structure which is linear, and the bonding of structure leads is the reason.
Question:18
is used during polymerisation of organic silicones because
(i) the chain length of organic silicone polymers can be controlled by adding
(ii) blocks the end terminal of a silicone polymer
(iii) improves the quality and yield of the polymer
(iv) acts as a catalyst during polymerisation
Answer:
The answer is the option (i) The chain length of organic silicone polymers can be controlled by adding Me3 and (ii) blocks the end terminal of a silicone polymer.
The length of the chain can be in control by increasing the amount of , which helps in blocking of the polymer ends.
Question:19
Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Fullerenes have dangling bonds
(ii) Fullerenes are cage-like molecules
(iii) Graphite is a thermodynamically most stable allotrope of carbon
(iv) Graphite is slippery and hard and therefore used as a dry lubricant in Machines
Answer:
The answer is the option (ii)Fullerenes are cage-like molecules and (iii) Graphite is a thermodynamically most stable allotrope of carbon.
The cage-like molecules are known as Fullerenes and are known to be the most stable carbon allotropes.
Question:20
Which of the following statements are correct. Answer based on the given figure,
(i) The two bridged hydrogen atoms and the two boron atoms lie in one plane;
(ii) Out of six B–H bonds two bonds can be described in terms of 3 centre 2-electron bonds.
(iii) Out of six B-H bonds, four B-H bonds can be described in terms of 3 centres 2 electron bonds;
(iv) The four-terminal B-H bonds are two centre-two electron regular bonds.
Answer:
The answer is the option: -
(i) The two bridged hydrogen atoms and the two boron atoms lie in one plane.
(ii) Out of six B – H, bonds two bonds can be described in terms of 3 centre 2-electron bonds.
(iv) The four-terminal B – H bonds are two centre-two electron regular bonds.
The two boron atoms have a -hybrid state. Only three atoms have one electron each while the fourth is empty. They lie in one plane and two bridging hydrogen atoms.
Question:21
Identify the correct resonance structures of carbon dioxide from the ones given below :
(i) O – C ≡ O
(ii) O = C = O
(iii) –O ≡ C – O+
(iv) –O – C ≡ O+
Answer:
The answer is the option (ii) O = C = O and (iv) –O – C ≡ O+
Question:22
Draw the structures of and (dimer)
Answer:
is the covalent compound which has 6 electrons in the valence shell. Thus it is an electron acceptor and needs 2 electrons to become an octet. It is a Lewis acid and can react with as it donates electrons easily and is a Lewis Base. They combine as shown
In , Al has 6 electrons in the valance shell and functions similarly as B and thus combines with Chlorine to form an octet.
Question:23
Explain the nature of boric acid as a Lewis acid in water.
Answer:
Boric acid is a weak monobasic acid that acts as a Lewis acid as it accepts electrons from a hydroxyl ion. Boric acid accepts and then the formation of hydroxyl ion.
Question:24
Answer:
The forms hexagonal rings through hydrogen bonds and is a weak acid. The hybridization is . Acting as an electron-deficient, it is a Lewis acid.
Question:25
Explain why the following compounds behave as Lewis acids?
Answer:
– It is an electron-deficient compound due to the presence of 6 electrons in its outermost orbital along with a vacant p orbital. Therefore, it behaves as Lewis acid and accepts a lone pair of electrons.
– It forms a covalent bond with chlorine through formation of three single bonds of chlorine. There are three electrons in the valence shell of Aluminium and thus it acts as an electron-deficient compound, therefore behaving as a Lewis acid.
Question:26
Answer:
(i) is a compound that is unable to form H bonds with water as it is a polar compound. It is insoluble, and carbon does not have d orbital and cannot take in any extra electrons from the oxygen molecule. If the central atom cannot take in lone pair of electrons, then it cannot be hydrolyzed. can undergo hydrolysis as it can accept a lone pair of electrons.
(ii) As the atomic size increases, the bond dissociation energy decreases, and since carbon has a size much smaller than silicon, then the dissociation energy of carbon is higher. Thus the carbon bonds are stronger and higher tendency for catenation than silicon.
Question:27
Answer:
(i) In , sp hybridization occurs, and the carbon atoms overlap to form two sigma bonds while bonding occurs with oxygen. This brings out the linear shape and no dipole energy.
Silicon dioxide is covalent and forms a tetrahedral structure, and each corner is covalent and shares with another tetrahedron.
(ii) The 3d orbitals in silicon are all in the valence shell, and thus the octet expands to give a hybridization. But carbon does not have d-orbitals present in the valence shell. It can only acquire hybridisation. Thus, carbon is unable to form anion.
Question:28
Answer:
The group 13 and 14, on going down a group, the energy to form bonds decreases. This is given the weak shielding of the s-electrons and the interference by the d-electrons. The inert pair effect arises, and thus the s-electrons, especially of groups 13 and 14, don’t indulge in bonding and the oxidation states of group 13 and 14 become stable due to an increase in atomic number.
Question:29
Carbon in group 14 has the ability to form stable p-p bonds with itself and other elements of the first row.
With the link formed between the atoms is a double bond.
The silicon does not form p-p bonds easily and instead link by single covalent bonds due to its large nuclear size.
Question:30
The Si atoms are in 3-dimensional structure in , and the tetrahedral atoms are responsible for this. These atoms are replaced by trivalent atoms, and the valence electron is freely available, and thus there is one negative charge in the structure. This makes the entire compound negatively charged.
Question:31
Answer:
in order to complete its octet, accepts an electron pair as to give . Boron here has one 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals. Thus, hybridization of B is in
The 6 H2O molecules get attached with Al i.e. they donate 6 electron pairs to the 3s,3p and 3d orbital of ion. Therefore, the hybridization of the Al atom in + is
Question:32
Answer:
Al when dissolved in acids and alkalis and thus is amphoteric and thus gives out H2 gas which can be tested as it burns with a pop sound.
When the nitric acid becomes passive, the reaction stops, and the thin layer of aluminium oxide ceases the reaction.
Question:33
(i) The ionization energy of Al is lower than that of Ga and Ga has less d and f orbital electrons and thus has an increases nuclear charge in order to balance the screening effect.
(ii) The atomic size of Boron is small, and the energy of hydrogen is immensely high. Therefore Boron cannot ionize to form B3+ but instead forms covalent compounds.
(iii) The vacant orbitals in Al are the d orbitals which can expand, and the coordination number can rise to 6; thus Al undergoes sp3d2 hybridization to form [AlF6]3- ion, which is octahedral. But only 4 as the coordination number is possible and thus forms [BF4]– not [BF6]3-.
(iv) The +4 oxidation state of Pb is less stable than its +2 oxidation state given the inert pair effect. PbX4 has the oxidation state of Pb is +4 and is less stable than PbX2, which has the oxidation state of Pb is +2.
(v) Pb has a more dominant inert pair effect than Sn. Pb4+ can gain 2 electrons to become Pb 2+ which is more stable and then Sn2+ when it loses 2 electrons. Thus Pb is an oxidizing agent, and Sn is a reducing one.
(vi) F has a small atomic size, and the repulsion between the electrons is quite strong, and any extra electron is not accepted and as the Cl atom where the repulsion is weak. Thus the energy given out by Cl through gaining an electron is much lesser and negative as compared to F.
(vii)The +3 oxidation state of Tl is less stable than its +1 oxidation state due to the inert pair, and it is a strong effect. In Tl(NO3)3, Tl’s oxidation state is +3; therefore, it can accept two electrons to form TlNO3. This will make the oxidation state of Tl is +1. Thus it is an oxidizing agent.
(viii)The strength of element-element bond determines the strength and properties of catenation. This also depends on the atomic size and thus if carbon has a small atomic size in comparison to Pb, then the strength between the carbon bonds is much higher than that of Pb-Pb bonds which explains carbon’s higher tendency for catenation.
(ix)
does not completely hydrolyze, and it forms boric and fluoroboric acid instead.
(x) Carbon is -hybridised to form graphite, and it forms hexagonal rings and links 3 other atoms. This leaves one p orbital which is unhybridized and forms double bonds instead. Thus this forms a layered structure and rings are fused together. Silicon is not formed out of carbon as it does not undergo the same hybridization or form p-p bonds but has three-dimensional network due to -hybridisation.
Question:34
Identify the compounds A, X and Z in the following reactions :
Answer:
In the given reaction A is Borax which reacts with HCl in the presence of water to give Orthoboric acid i.e. X.
When the Orthoboric acid is heated, it gives metaboric and on further heating gives Boron trioxide i.e. the compound Z.
Question:36
Match the species given in Column I with the properties mentioned in Column II.
Column I | Column II |
(i) | (a) Oxidation state of central atom is +4 |
(ii) | (b) Strong oxidising agent |
(iii) SnO | (c) Lewis acid |
(iv) | (d) Can be further oxidised |
(e) Tetrahedral shape |
Answer:
(i→e);
: Tetrahedral shape
Due to the hybridization, it has regular geometry with no lone pairs but 4 pairs that have bonded.
(ii → c);
: Lewis acid
The octet of is incomplete and thus is an electron acceptor making it a Lewis acid.
(iii —> d);
SnO: Can be further oxidized
can lose 2 more electrons to form a +4 oxidation state.
(iv →a, b)
: Oxidation state of the central atom is +4, Strong oxidizing agent
Question:37
Match the species given in Column I with properties given in Column II.
Column I | Column II |
(i) Diborane | (a) Used as a flux for soldering metals |
(ii) Gallium | (b) Crystalline form of silica |
(iii) Borax | (c) Banana bonds |
(iv) Aluminosilicate | (d) Low melting, high boiling, useful for measuring high temperatures |
(v) Quartz | (e) Used as catalyst in petrochemical industries |
Answer:
(i → c);
BH3 is not stable, has hybridization and shows banana bonds, and forms diborane by 3 centres -2 electron bonds
(ii → d)
Gallium has a different structure as it can exist in the liquid state for high ranges of temperature and the low melting point and high boiling point make it flexible to be used in fluctuating temperature.
(iii → a);
Borax is used as a flux for soldering metals and coating as it has a high melting point and can sustain heat.
(iv → e);
Aluminosilicates also contain zeolites and widely used as a catalyst in petrochemical industries.
(v → b)
Silica crystallizes to form Quartz.
Question:38
Match the species given in Column I with the hybridisation given in Column II.
Column I | Column II |
(i) Boron in | (a) |
(ii) Aluminium in | (b) |
(iii) Boron in | (c) |
(iv) Carbon in Buckminsterfullerene | |
(v) Silicon in | |
(vi) Germanium in |
Answer:
(i →b)
Boron in is and is the central atom.
(ii→ c);
Aluminium in is hybridized and has octahedral geometry.
(iii → b);
Boron in is , and the 4 hybrids have the same geometric configuration except one.
(iv→ a);
Carbon in Buckminsterfullerene is hybridized. Each atom forms a sigma bond with 3 others.
(v →b);
Silicon in is and has tetrahedral geometry.
(vi→ c)
Germanium in is and has octahedral geometry.
Question:39
Assertion (A): If aluminium atoms replace a few silicon atoms in three dimensional network of silicon dioxide, the overall structure acquires a negative charge.
Reason (R) : Aluminium is trivalent while silicon is tetravalent.
(i) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(iii) Both A and R are not correct
(iv) A is not correct but R is correct.
Answer:
The answer is the option (i) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
The aluminium atoms are trivalent while silicon’s tetravalency gives negatively charged ion.
Question:40
Assertion (A): Silicons are water-repelling in nature.
Reason (R): Silicons are organosilicon polymers, which have as repeating unit.
(i) A and R both are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(ii) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(iii) A and R both are not true.
(iv) A is not true but R is true.
Answer:
The answer is the option (ii) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Silicones are hydrophobic and thus, are organosilicon polymers. So they neither react nor absorb water molecules.
Question:41
Answer:
(i) Group 13 has a greater atomic size as when going down a group, the atomic size increases, so an extra shell with electrons is added, and the poor shielding effect is observed.
Group14- These have a covalent radius, and a small radius is observed, and the presence of the shielding effect is high as there are completely filled d and f orbitals.
(ii) The ionization enthalpy is unaffected by the group, and it decreases with increase in size. Group 13 has erratic ionization enthalpy as the nuclear charge is complemented by the screening effect.
Group 14 experiences a high ionization enthalpy, and it subsequently decreases and due to the poor shielding effect.
(iii) All elements in group 13 are non-metallic except Boron, and the shielding effect is responsible for the low metallic character.
Group 14 has Sn and Pb as metals and the metallic character increases on going down the group, so the carbon is classified as a non-metal and all others are metalloids
(iv) Group 13 has prevalent +3 oxidation states due to the lone pairs but slowly change to +1 as the group order persist
Group14 has + 4, and +2 oxidation states and the enthalpies are high, and they are covalent in nature.
(v)Group 13 forms trihalides and some electron acceptors act as Lewis Acids.
Group 14 forms Halides by accepting electrons or sharing, making them covalent compounds.
Question:42
(i) To complete the octet, it accepts electrons and thus acts as a Lewis Acid.
(ii) Boron’s vacant p orbital is not utilized and thus forms back bonding which is strong in F. The increasing atomic size decreases the strength of this bond, and thus Boron is completed using this bond
(iii)The inert pair effect is responsible, which increases in a group and Pb experiences this effect strongly and is an oxidizing agent.
(iv)The inert pair effect causes the strengthening of the oxidation state.
Question:43
HCl acidifies the borax to give boric acid, which monobasic and weak. It needs to accept electrons in order to complete its octet and thus acts as a Lewis Acid.
Question:44
i)
TlCl is more stable as the inert pair effect strengthens the oxidation state.
ii)
has no inert pair effect but instead is a covalent compound and thus accept electrons to become stable, acting as a Lewis acid.
iii)
Due to inert pair effect, Indium exists in both +1 and +3 oxidation states out of which +3 oxidation state is more stable is more stable than +1 oxidation state. In other words, InCl3 is more stable than InCl.
Question:45
has 6 electrons in its valence shell and is in trivalent state. It requires two additional electrons to complete the octet. act as a Lewis acid and can donate its electron. Therefore, readily accepts the lone pair of an electron from and forms
makes a stable molecule by forming a Dimer. Aluminium’s valence shell has 6 electrons and it requires 2 additional electrons for completing the octet. While chlorine has 3 lone pairs of electrons. Therefore, Aluminium takes up 1 lone pair and forms Dimer with chlorine.
Question:46
Answer:
The lone pair of electrons in Boron fluoride form a pπ- pπ bonds and accept electrons to reduce the deficiency of them. Thereby reducing the ability of Boron to accept electrons and not becoming a Lewis Acid but instead increasing stability.
In hydrogen has a lone pair. It therefore, cannot fulfil the deficiency of boron to dimerise to form which is in the shape of a banana.
Question:47
Answer:
(i) Silicones are organosilicon polymers and have a repeating unit. The alkyl groups form silicones and the methyl chloride in the presence of the copper as a catalyst with silicon form . The straight-chain polymers are formed by condensation and polymerization.
Uses: - They are used in industries as greasing agents and sealants as well as insulators. They are also expensively employed in the cosmetic industry for surgical implants.
(ii) The binary forms of boron and hydrogen form alkanes and the covalent hybrids are called diborane.
Question:48
Answer:
Compound A reacts with Boron and gives [B], and thus A is a Lewis acid as it accepts electrons. [B] reacts with [C] and liberates hydrogen and thus [A] is. B is thus and C is boric acid.
A = (DIBORANE)
B = (ADDUCT)
C = (INORGANIC BORAZINE)
Question:49
The element being discussed is Boron. It has an extremely high melting point and is black in colour along with being extremely hard.
Reaction of Boron Trifluoride with ammonia: -
Monomeric trihalides are deficient in the electrons, thus they act as strong Lewis acid. In order to complete the octet of boron, trifluoride of boron reacts conveniently with Lewis bases like . Due to the absence of d electrons in boron, it is not able to exceed the above mentioned covalence.
Question:50
The element being discussed is Carbon which is tetravalent. It can thus produce carbon monoxide and dioxide on reaction with oxygen.
(As a result of the direct oxidation of carbon)
(Dehydration of formic acid with concentrated at 373k)
(The mixture of CO and is known as water gas)
(The mixture of CO and is known as the producer gas)
Reduction Of Ferric Oxide With Monoxide
What are P-Block elements?
These are nothing but electrons that enter last or are found on the outermost orbit known as p-sub shell. In other words, P-Block elements are those elements belonging to groups 13 to 18 of the periodic table. We shall probe deeper into these elements further in NCERT exemplar class 11 Chemistry solutions chapter 11.
Class 11 Chemistry NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 11 solutions have been prepared by experts of this field. It is always better to have concepts clear before stepping into the 12th grade. With this view in mind, all the NCERT exemplar solutions for class 11 Chemistry chapter 11 are given equal importance in terms of explanation.
Class 11 Chemistry NCERT Exemplar solutions chapter 11 P-Block Elements cover the following topics-
A. Group 13 Elements: The Boron Family
i. Electronic Configuration
ii. Atomic Radii
iii. Ionization Enthalpy
iv. Electronegativity
v. Physical Properties
vi. Chemical Properties
B. Important Trends And Anomalous Properties Of Boron
C. Some Important Compounds Of Boron
i. Borax
ii. Orthoboric Acid
iii. Diborane, B2h6
D. Uses Of Boron And Aluminium And Their Compounds
E. Group 14 Elements: The Carbon Family
i. Electronic Configuration
ii. Covalent Radius
iii. Ionization Enthalpy
iv. Electronegativity
v. Physical Properties
vi. Chemical Properties
F. Important Trends And Anomalous Behaviour Of Carbon
G. Allotropes Of Carbon
i. Diamond
ii. Graphite
iii. Fullerenes
iv. Uses Of Carbon
H. Some Important Compounds Of Carbon And Silicon
i. Carbon Monoxide
ii. Carbon Dioxide
iii. Silicon Dioxide, Si02
iv. Silicones
v. Silicates
vi. Zeolitesl
By referring to NCERT Exemplar solutions for Class 11 Chemistry chapter 11, students will have detailed knowledge about P-Block elements.
They shall be prepared to get acquainted with the Boron family so as to comprehend their chemical and physical properties.
Besides, the Class 11 Chemistry NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 11 also encompasses elements of carbon and its uses along with other important compounds of carbon and silicon.
This is the base of 12 Class which needs to be strong as these will not be explained in detail then.
Students shall also learn about the causes or processes due to which electrons move.
The entire chapter is important from an academic point of view. However, below is the list of important topics that students cannot ignore at any cost.
o Physical and chemical properties of several elements/compounds like boric acid, carbon, graphite etc is important in order to understand their reactions and changes in various processes that take place. Students will get a clear picture of these in NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry solutions chapter 11.
o NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry chapter 11 solutions also focus on Boron and its compound. This makes understanding of one particular concept easy as everything about it is explained in one go.
o Electronic Configuration, Covalent Radius, Ionization Enthalpy, Electronegativity within the Boron family is also taken care of in the chapter
o Along with the Boron family, students shall also be acquainted with the carbon family. However, the chapter then also takes our attention to allotropes and compounds of carbon such as diamond, graphite and carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide respectively.
o In NCERT exemplar Class 11 Chemistry chapter 11 solutions, Important trends, anomalous properties, and uses of boron are explained in detail for better understanding.
Chapter-1 - Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Chapter-2 - Structure of Atom
Chapter-3 - Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Chapter-4 - Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Chapter-5 - States of Matter
Chapter-6 - Thermodynamics
Chapter-7 - Equilibrium
Chapter-8 - Redox Reaction
Chapter-9 - Hydrogen
Chapter-10 - The S-Block Elements
Chapter-11 - The P-Block Elements
Chapter-12 - Organic chemistry- some basic principles and techniques
Chapter-14 - Hydrocarbons
Chapter-15 - Environmental Chemistry
Read more NCERT Solution subject wise -
Also, read NCERT Notes subject wise -
Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:
You can easily access NCERT Exemplar class 11 Chemistry solutions chapter 11 PDF download through the browser file.
37 questions are solved in the Class 11 Chemistry NCERT Exemplar solutions chapter 11 for the convenience of the students. The pattern of solving these questions is approved by CBSE.
Everything related to P-Block elements is included in the chapter. However, to be precise, the boron and carbon family are the ones that seem important from the examination point of view.
The NCERT Exemplar solutions for Class 11 Chemistry chapter 11 are prepared by the team of our experts which include chemistry teachers and scholars of the subject.
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Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.
Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive.
Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.
The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction.
The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions.
How fascinating it is to represent the whole world on just a piece of paper or a sphere. With the help of maps, we are able to represent the real world on a much smaller scale. Individuals who opt for a career as a cartographer are those who make maps. But, cartography is not just limited to maps, it is about a mixture of art, science, and technology. As a cartographer, not only you will create maps but use various geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems to measure, analyse, and create different maps for political, cultural or educational purposes.
Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.
The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.
Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.
Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.
An investment director is a person who helps corporations and individuals manage their finances. They can help them develop a strategy to achieve their goals, including paying off debts and investing in the future. In addition, he or she can help individuals make informed decisions.
Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.
A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.
An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.
Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.
Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities.
Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.
Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.
Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.
A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability.
Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.
A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.
Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.
An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.
The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.
The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.
For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.
Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.
Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.
Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.
Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.
A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.
The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.
A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.
A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.
In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.
Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.
For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.
In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.
Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.
Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.
Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning).
Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French, German, Italian.
The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.
Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.
A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.
A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.
A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment.
An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.
An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.
Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack
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