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Get UpdatesCBSE 12th Exams 2024: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) conducts the class 12th board exams every year. Students enrolled in the 12th class from a CBSE-affiliated institute can appear in these exams. Around 13 lakh students appear in the class 12th exam for 114 subjects. They should go through the latest CBSE 12th syllabus 2024 and devise a preparation strategy for exams.
Latest: CBSE Class 12th Sample papers | Syllabus | CBSE 12th date sheet pdf link
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Latest CBSE Board 12th Exams 2024 updates:
Based on their score in the 12th CBSE exam, students can apply for admission to colleges and universities in various undergraduate programs as per choice.
| Full Exam Name | Central Board of Secondary Education Class 12th Examination |
| Short Exam Name | CBSE Class 12th |
| Conducting Body | Central Board of Secondary Education |
| Frequency of Conduct | Once a year |
| Exam Level | Intermediate |
| Languages | Arabic, Bengali +11 More |
| Mode of Application | Offline / Online |
| Mode of Exam | Offline |
| Exam Duration | 3 Hours |
Past Dates and Events
02 Apr, 2024
Exam - Informatics Practices, Computer Science & Information Technology | Mode: Offline
01 Apr, 2024
Exam - Sociology | Mode: Offline
30 Mar, 2024
Exam - Sanskrit Core | Mode: Offline
28 Mar, 2024
Exam - History | Mode: Offline
27 Mar, 2024
Exam - Business Studies & Business Administration | Mode: Offline
26 Mar, 2024
Exam - Urdu Elective, Sanskrit Elective, Carnatic music vocal, Carnatic music mel ins, Carnatic music per ins mridangam, Urdu core, Front office operations, Insurance, Geospatial technology, Electrical technology & Mass media studies | Mode: Offline
23 Mar, 2024
Exam - Accountancy | Mode: Offline
22 Mar, 2024
Exam - Political Science | Mode: Offline
21 Mar, 2024
Exam - Fashion Studies | Mode: Offline
20 Mar, 2024
Exam - Tourism, Air-conditioning & refrigeration, Salesmanship | Mode: Offline
19 Mar, 2024
Exam - Biology | Mode: Offline
18 Mar, 2024
Exam - Economis | Mode: Offline
16 Mar, 2024
Exam - Agriculture & Marketing | Mode: Offline
15 Mar, 2024
Exam - Psychology | Mode: Offline
14 Mar, 2024
Exam - Punjabi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Sindhi, Marathi, Gujarati, Manipuri, Malayalam, Odia, Assamese, Kannada, Arabic, Tibetan, French, German, Persian, Nepali, Limboo, Lepcha, Telugu Telangana, Bodo, Tangkhul, Japanese, Bhutia, Spanish, Kashmiri & Mizo | Mode: Offline
13 Mar, 2024
Exam - Home Science | Mode: Offline
12 Mar, 2024
Exam - Physical Education | Mode: Offline
11 Mar, 2024
Exam - National Cadet Corps (NCC) | Mode: Offline
09 Mar, 2024
Exam - Mathematics & Applied Mathematics | Mode: Offline
07 Mar, 2024
Exam - Legal Studies & Textile Design | Mode: Offline
06 Mar, 2024
Exam - Painting, Graphics, Sculpture & Applied Art (Commercial Art) | Mode: Offline
05 Mar, 2024
Exam - Hindustani Music Vocal | Mode: Offline
04 Mar, 2024
Exam - Physics | Mode: Offline
01 Mar, 2024
Exam - Yoga | Mode: Offline
29 Feb, 2024
Exam - Geography | Mode: Offline
28 Feb, 2024
Exam - Financial Market Management, Beauty & Wellness & Medical Diagnostics | Mode: Offline
27 Feb, 2024
Exam - Chemistry | Mode: Offline
26 Feb, 2024
Exam - Taxation & Artificial Intelligence | Mode: Offline
24 Feb, 2024
Exam - Typography & Computer Application | Mode: Offline
23 Feb, 2024
Exam - Retail, Web Application & Multi-Media | Mode: Offline
22 Feb, 2024
Exam - English Elective, English Elective CBSE (Functional English) & English core | Mode: Offline
21 Feb, 2024
Exam - Hindustani Music Mel Ins, Hindustani Music Per Ins, Automotive, Health Care, Cost Accounting | Mode: Offline
20 Feb, 2024
Exam - Food Production, Office Procedures and Practices, Design, Electronics and Hardware | Mode: Offline
19 Feb, 2024
Exam - Hindi Elective & Hindi Core | Mode: Offline
17 Feb, 2024
Exam - Engineering Graphics, Kathak - Dance, Bharatanatyam - Dance, Kuchipudi - Dance, Odissi - Dance, Manipuri - Dance, Kathakali - Dance, Horticulture & Data Science | Mode: Offline
16 Feb, 2024
Exam - Biotechnology, Knowledge Tradition and Practices of India, Electronics Technology, Shorthand (English), Shorthand (Hindi), Food Nutrition and Dietetics, Library and Information Science, Banking, Early Childhood Care and Education | Mode: Offline
15 Feb, 2024
Exam - Entrepreneurship, Kokborok, Capital Market Operation & Physical Activity Trainer | Mode: Offline
Also read -
Mode of Application : Offline and Online
Mode of Payment : Credit Card | Debit Card | NEFT | Other
Go through the list of documents that will be needed to fill out the CBSE 12th Application Form 2024:
Reading comprehension |
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Creative writing skills |
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Literature Textbooks and Supplementary Reading Text |
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Reading comprehension |
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Applied grammar |
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Creative writing |
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Literature |
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Fiction |
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Advanced reading skills |
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| Unseen passage |
Effective writing skills |
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| Letter writing |
| Summary of lesson |
| Longer composition such as an essay, or speech or story read/ heard/ experienced |
Grammar (theory and application) |
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| Theory of grammar |
| Applied grammar (any two of the following): (i) Correction of sentences, (ii) fill in the blanks, (iii) roots of the verbs, (iv) formation of active participle and passive participle (all verb patterns), (v) choose nouns, verbs and prepositions |
Literature |
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Grammar |
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Prose |
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Poetry |
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Reading |
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| Comprehension: Unseen passages |
Grammar |
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| Phonology (definition with two examples) |
| Rhetoric (no clarification only definition/ identification with reason) |
| Proverbs and idioms-meaning and sentence making |
Composition and writing |
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| Report reading |
| Letter writing (friends and parents only) |
Literature |
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| Prose, poetry, supplementary reader |
Reading and comprehension |
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| Unseen passage |
Applied grammar |
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Textbook-prose |
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Textbook-poetry |
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Textbook-porse |
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Rapid reader |
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Writing and composition |
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| Essay writing |
| Application |
| Letter writing |
Culture and civilisation |
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| Prose, fill in the blanks/ true and false etc |
Writing skills |
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| Completing a story, informal letter |
Grammar |
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| Prepositions, interrogative adjectives and pronouns, relative pronouns (simple and composed), personal pronouns, tenses, direct and reported speech |
Comprehension |
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| Seen prose passage |
| Unseen prose passage |
Reading |
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| Unseen comprehension |
Writing |
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| Based on stimulus, compose a letter/ e‐mail |
| Based on stimulus, compose a dialogue |
Applied grammar |
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| All grammar topics |
| Passive voice |
| Subordinate clauses |
| Future tense |
| Personal pronouns in accusative and dative case |
Textbook |
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| Completing a passage with the vocabulary provided |
| Seen comprehension |
Reading |
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Literature |
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Applied grammar |
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| Idioms |
| Proverbs |
| Correct the Sentences |
| Transformation of sentences in respect to tenses |
Writing skills |
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| Essay on current topics |
| Report writing |
| Official letter |
Unseen comprehension |
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Grammar |
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Main course book |
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| Seen comprehension |
Creative writing |
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| Essay, paragraph writing, story writing and letters |
Unseen comprehension |
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Main course book |
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Prose and poetry |
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Drama |
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Writing skills |
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Unseen passage |
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Grammar |
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Writing |
|---|
Textbook |
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Applied grammar |
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Writing |
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| Paragraph writing on general topics |
| Letter to editor/ authority |
| Comprehension of an unseen passage |
Literature-prose, poetry |
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Literature-non-detailed |
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Reading |
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| Unseen passages |
Writing |
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| Essay writing |
| Letter writing |
| Amplification |
| Phrase and idioms |
| Sub-skill: Application writing; notice writing |
Grammar |
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| Phrases and clauses |
| Sentence and its transformation |
Prose |
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Poetry |
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Grammar |
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| Vocabulary enrichment in Mizo from other languages |
Reading |
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| Comment on the style from unseen passage |
| Give a suitable title summary of the passage |
Composition and writing |
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| Uses of idioms and phrases |
| A short history of Mizo literature, reports of events and incidents |
Literature |
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| Poetry |
| Prose |
| Fiction |
Grammar |
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Main course book |
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Creative writing |
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Reading comprehension |
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| Unseen prose passage and seen poetry stanzas |
Writing |
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| Essay on current topics, official letter |
Grammar |
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| Antonym, similar words with different meanings, correction of errors in words, answer in one word |
Literature |
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| Prose, poetry, short stories |
Reading comprehension |
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| Unseen passage |
Writing skills |
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Applied grammar |
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Literature |
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Applied grammar |
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Reading comprehension |
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| Unseen passage |
Composition and writing |
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| An essay in Russian on a topic related to everyday life |
Textbook |
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Translation |
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| From Russian into English (unknown text or sentences), from English in to Russian (unknown text or sentences) |
Unseen comprehension |
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| Unseen paragraphs |
Grammar |
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Main course book |
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Creative writing |
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| Essay writing |
| Report writing |
| Novel |
Applied grammar |
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Reading comprehension |
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Composition and writing |
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Culture/ civilization/ literature |
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Composition |
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| Comprehension (unseen), notice/ bio sketch, letter writing |
Grammar |
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| Phonetics, morpho phonemics, nominal, noun, pronoun, deverbal, verbal system, modifier, adnominal, enclitics |
Literature |
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| Prose, poetry |
Unseen comprehension |
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| Unseen paragraphs |
Grammar |
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Main course book |
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Supplementary reader/ non-detailed text |
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Creative writing |
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| Essay, report writing |
Unseen comprehension |
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Grammar |
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Main course book |
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Non-detail text |
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Creative writing |
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| Composition and writing, translation |
Grammar |
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| Applied grammar tags jugs |
| Classifications and applications of root letter and prefix letter |
| Tenses |
Reading |
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| Comprehension of a seen and an unseen passage extracted from stories, notes and biographies |
Writing |
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| Letter writing report, bonafide letter |
| Essay writing, techniques for writing prose and short stories |
Literature |
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| Prose |
| Poetry |
| Drama |
| Rapid reading |
Reading and comprehension |
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Writing skills |
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Reproduction |
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| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Post fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation |
| Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation |
| Human reproduction: Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea) |
| Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDS); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis |
| Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness) |
Genetics and evolution |
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| Principles of inheritance and variation: Heredity and variation-Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism-incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance |
| Principles of inheritance and variation: Heredity and variation-chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in human being, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over |
| Principles of inheritance and variation: Heredity and variation-sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans -thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes |
| Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-lac operon |
| Molecular basis of inheritance: Genome, human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting |
Biology and human welfare |
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| Human health and diseases: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control |
| Human health and diseases: Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; adolescence-drug and alcohol abuse |
| Microbes in human welfare: Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use |
Biotechnology and its applications |
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| Biotechnology-principles and processes: Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology) |
| Biotechnology and its application: Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture-human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; transgenic animals |
| Biotechnology and its application: Biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents |
Ecology and environment |
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| Organisms and populations: Organisms and environment-habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution |
| Biodiversity and its conservation: Biodiversity-concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, sacred groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife |
| Biodiversity and its conservation: Sanctuaries and Ramsar sites |
Protein and gene manipulation |
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| Recombinant DNA technology: Introduction, tool of DNA technology, making of rDNA molecule, introduction of recombinant DNA into host cells, identification of recombinants, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing |
| Protein structure and engineering: Introduction to the world of proteins, structure-function relationship in proteins, characterization of proteins, protein based products, designing proteins (protein engineering) |
| Genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics: Gene prediction and counting, genome similarity, SNPs and comparative genomics, functional genomics, proteomics, information sources, analysis using bioinformatics tools |
Cell culture and genetic manipulation |
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| Microbial cell culture and its applications: Introduction, microbial nutrition and culture techniques, measurement and kinetics of microbial growth, isolation of microbial products, strain isolation and improvement |
| Microbial cell culture and its applications: Applications of microbial culture technology |
| Plant cell culture and applications: Introduction, cell and tissue culture techniques, applications of cell and tissue culture, transgenic plants with beneficial traits, biosafety of transgenic plants |
| Animal cell culture and applications: Introduction, animal cell culture techniques, applications of animal cell culture, stem cell technology |
Solid state |
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| Classification of solids based on different binding forces: Molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea) |
| Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects |
Solutions |
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| Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties-relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point |
| Depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties |
Electrochemistry |
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| Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity |
| Variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis |
Chemical kinetics |
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| Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant |
| Factors affecting rate of reaction: Integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions) |
Surface chemistry |
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| Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, colloidal state: Distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic, multi-molecular and macromolecular colloids |
| Properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation |
P-block elements |
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| Group -15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen preparation properties and uses |
| Group -15 elements: Compounds of nitrogen-preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid |
| Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: Preparation, properties and uses, classification of oxides, ozone, sulphur-allotropic forms |
| Group 16 elements: Compounds of sulphur-preparation, properties and uses of sulphur-dioxide, sulphuric acid: Properties and uses; oxoacids of sulphur (structures only) |
| Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds |
| Group 17 elements: Oxoacids of halogens (structures only) |
| Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses |
D and f block elements |
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| General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals-metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour |
| Catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation |
| Lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences |
Coordination compounds |
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| Coordination compounds-Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT |
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes |
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| Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions. |
| Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only) |
Alcohols, phenols, and ethers |
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| Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration |
| Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols |
| Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses |
Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids |
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| Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses |
| Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses |
Amines |
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| Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines |
Biomolecules |
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| Carbohydrates: Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration |
| Proteins: Elementary idea of-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins-primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins |
| Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA |
Electrostatics |
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| Electric charges and fields: Electric charges; conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two-point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution |
| Electric charges and fields: Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field |
| Electric charges and fields: Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet |
| Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces |
| Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor |
| Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel |
| Electrostatic potential and capacitance: Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor |
Current electricity |
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| Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power |
| Electrical resistivity and conductivity; temperature dependence of resistance |
| Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and EMF of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications, Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge (qualitative ideas only) |
| Potentiometer-principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell (qualitative ideas only) |
Magnetic effects of current and magnetism |
|---|
| Moving charges and magnetism: Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment. Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire |
| Moving charges and magnetism: Straight and toroidal solenoids (only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields, force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field |
| Moving charges and magnetism: Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field |
| Moving charges and magnetism: Moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter |
| Magnetism and matter: Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements |
Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents |
|---|
| Electromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual induction |
| Alternating current: Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits. AC generator and transformer |
Electromagnetic waves |
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| Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative ideas only) |
| Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses |
Optics |
|---|
| Ray optics and optical instruments: Ray optics-refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker's formula, magnification, power of a lens |
| Ray optics and optical instruments: Ray optics-combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism |
| Ray optics and optical instruments: Optical instruments-microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers |
| Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen's principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen's principle |
| Wave optics: Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum |
Dual nature of radiation and matter |
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| Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light |
| Experimental study of photoelectric effect, matter waves-wave nature of particles, De-Broglie relation |
Atoms and nuclei |
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| Atoms: Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum |
| Nuclei: Composition and size of nucleus. Nuclear force: Mass-energy relation, mass defect, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion |
Electronic devices |
|---|
| Semiconductor electronics: Materials, devices and simple circuits-energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only) semiconductor diode-I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier |
| Semiconductor electronics: Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell |
Relations and Functions |
|---|
| Types of relations: Reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions |
| Inverse trigonometric functions: Definition, range, domain, principal value branch |
Algebra |
|---|
| Matrices: Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar |
| Matrices: Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Noncommutativity of multiplication of matrices, invertible matrices; (here all matrices will have real entries) |
| Determinants: Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix |
| Determinants: Solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix |
Calculus |
|---|
| Continuity and differentiability: Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions |
| Continuity and differentiability: Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives |
| Applications of derivatives: Applications of derivatives-increasing/ decreasing functions, tangents and normals, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool) |
| Applications of derivatives: Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real life situations) |
| Integrals: Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions, and by parts |
| Integrals: Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them-ʃ dx/ x² ± a², ʃ dx/ √ x² ± a², ʃ dx/ √ a² - x², ʃ dx/ ax² + bx + c, ʃ dx/ √ ax² + bx + c, ʃ px + q/ ax² + bx + c dx, ʃ px + q/ √ ax² + bx + c |
| Integrals: Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them-ʃ √ a² ± x² dx, ʃ √ x² - a² dx |
| Integrals: Fundamental theorem of calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals |
| Applications of the integrals: Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, parabolas; area of circles/ellipses (in standard form only) (the region should be clearly identifiable) |
| Differential equations: Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation |
| Differential equations: Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree of the type: dx/dy=f(y/x) |
| Differential equations: Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dy/dx + py = q, where p and q are functions of x or constant |
Vectors and three - dimensional geometry |
|---|
| Vectors: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector |
| Vectors: Components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, geometrical interpretation |
| Vectors: Properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors |
| Three-dimensional geometry: Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane |
| Three-dimensional geometry: Distance of a point from a plane |
Linear programming |
|---|
| Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems |
| Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints) |
Probability |
|---|
| Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Baye's' theorem, random variable and its probability distribution |
Numbers, quantification and numerical applications |
|---|
| Modulo arithmetic, congruence modulo, simple arithmetic functions, allegation or mixture, numerical problems on boats and streams; partnership; pipes and cistern; races and games, scheduling, numerical inequalities |
Algebra |
|---|
| Solution of simultaneous linear equations using elimination method (up to 3 variables), matrices and types of matrices, algebra of matrices, determinants, inverse of a matrix, Cramer's rule and its application |
| Simple applications of matrices and determinants including Leontiff input output model for two variables |
Calculus |
|---|
| Application of derivatives, increasing/ decreasing functions, maxima and minima, marginal cost and marginal revenue using derivatives, integration, indefinite integral as family of curves, definite integral as area under the curve |
| Integration of simple algebraic functions (primitive, by substitution, by parts), application of integration (consumer surplus-producer surplus), differential equation (definition, order, degree), formulating and solving linear differential equation |
| Application of differential equation (growth and decay model) |
Probability |
|---|
| Probability distribution, mathematical expectation, variance, Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, basic applications and inferences |
Inferential statistics |
|---|
| Population and sample, parameter, statistic and statistical inferences, t-test (one sample t-test and two independent groups t-test) |
Index numbers and time-based data |
|---|
| Index numbers, uses of index numbers, construction of index numbers (simple and weighted), tests of adequacy of index numbers (unit test and time reversal test), time series, time series analysis for univariant data sets |
| Trend analysis by moving average method, trend analysis by fitting of linear trend line using least squares |
Financial mathematics |
|---|
| Perpetuity, sinking funds, valuation of bonds (present value approach and relative price approach), calculation of EMI, calculation of returns, nominal rate of return, effective rate of interest, compound annual growth rate, stock, shares and debentures |
| Linear method of depreciation |
Linear programming |
|---|
| Introduction and related terminologies (constraints, objective function, optimization), mathematical formulation of linear programming problems, different types of linear programming problems (transportation and assignment problem) |
| Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded and unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three nontrivial constraints) |
Bricks, beads and bones |
|---|
| The Harappan civilization |
Kings, farmers and towns |
|---|
| Early states and economies (c. 600 BCE-600 CE) |
Kinship, caste and class |
|---|
| Early society societies (C. 600 BCE-600 CE) |
Thinkers, beliefs and buildings |
|---|
| Cultural developments (c. 600 BCE-600 CE) |
Bhakti-Sufi traditions |
|---|
| Changes in religious beliefs and devotional texts (c. eighth to eighteenth centuries) |
An imperial capital |
|---|
| Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth centuries) |
Kings and chronicles |
|---|
| The Mughal courts (c. sixteenth-seventeenth centuries) |
Colonialism and the countryside |
|---|
| Exploring official archives |
Rebels and the raj |
|---|
| 1857 revolt and its representations |
Mahatma Gandhi and the nationalist movement |
|---|
| Civil disobedience and beyond |
Framing the constitution |
|---|
| The beginning of a new era |
Human geography |
|---|
| Nature and Scope |
People |
|---|
| Population-distribution, density and growth |
| Population change-spatial pattern and structure; determinants of population change |
| Population composition-age-sex ratio; rural-urban composition |
| Human development-concept; selected indicators, international comparisons |
Human activities |
|---|
| Primary activities-concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities-some examples from selected countries |
| Tertiary activities-concept; trade, transport and tourism; services; people engaged in tertiary activities-some examples from selected countries |
| Quaternary activities-concept; people engaged in quaternary activities-case study from selected countries |
Human settlements |
|---|
| Settlement types-rural and urban; morphology of cities (case study); distribution of mega cities; problems of human settlements in developing countries |
Map work |
|---|
People |
|---|
| Population: Distribution, density and growth; composition of population-linguistic, religious; sex, rural-urban and occupational-regional variations in growth of population |
| Migration: International, national-causes and consequences |
| Human development: Selected indicators and regional patterns |
| Population, environment and development |
Human settlements |
|---|
| Rural settlements-types and distribution |
| Urban settlements-types, distribution and functional classification |
Resources and development |
|---|
| Water resources-availability and utilization-irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods-rain water harvesting and watershed management |
| Mineral and energy resources-distribution of metallic (iron ore, copper, bauxite, manganese); non-metallic (mica, salt) minerals |
| Mineral and energy resources-conventional (coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydroelectricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and conservation |
| Planning in India-target group area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study) |
Geographical perspective on selected issues and problems |
|---|
| Environmental pollution; urban-waste disposal |
| Urbanization, rural-urban migration; problems of slums |
| Land degradation |
Map work |
|---|
National income and related aggregates |
|---|
| What is macroeconomics?, basic concepts in macroeconomics: Consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation |
| Circular flow of income (two sector model); methods of calculating national income-value added or product method, expenditure method, income method |
| Aggregates related to national income: Gross national product (GNP), net national product (NNP), gross domestic product (GDP) and net domestic product (NDP)-at market price, at factor cost; real and nominal GDP. GDP and welfare |
Money and banking |
|---|
| Money-meaning and supply of money-currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks |
| Money creation by the commercial banking system |
| Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve bank of India): Bank of issue, government bank, banker's bank, control of credit through bank rate, CRR, SLR, repo rate and reverse repo rate, open market operations, margin requirement |
Determination of income and employment |
|---|
| Government budget-meaning, objectives and components |
| Classification of receipts-revenue receipts and capital receipts; classification of expenditure-revenue expenditure and capital expenditure |
| Measures of government deficit-revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning |
Balance of payments |
|---|
| Balance of payments account-meaning and components; foreign exchange rate-meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating |
Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991 |
|---|
| A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence |
| Indian economic system and common goals of five year plans |
| Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI-role and importance) and foreign trade |
| Economic reforms since 1991: Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy); concepts of demonetization and GST |
Current challenges facing Indian economy |
|---|
| Poverty-absolute and relative; main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment |
| Human capital formation: How people become resource; role of human capital in economic development |
| Rural development: Key issues, credit and marketing, role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification |
| Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies |
| Infrastructure: Meaning and types-case studies: Health, problems and policies-a critical assessment |
| Sustainable economic development: Meaning, effects of economic development on resources and environment, including global warming |
Development Experience of India |
|---|
| A comparison with neighbours, India and Pakistan, India and China, issues: Economic growth, population, sectoral development and other human development indicators |
Nature and significance of management |
|---|
| Management-concept, objectives, and importance |
| Management as science, art and profession |
| Levels of Management |
| Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling |
| Coordination-concept and importance |
Principles of management |
|---|
| Principles of management-concept and significance |
| Fayol's principles of management |
| Taylor's scientific management-principles and techniques |
Business environment |
|---|
| Business environment-concept and importance |
| Dimensions of business environment-economic, social, technological, political and legal |
Planning |
|---|
| Planning: Concept, importance and limitation |
| Planning process |
Organising |
|---|
| Organising: Concept and importance |
| Organising Process |
| Structure of organisation-functional and divisional concept |
| Delegation: Concept, elements and importance |
| Decentralization: Concept and importance |
Staffing |
|---|
| Staffing: Concept and importance |
| Staffing process |
| Recruitment process |
| Selection-process |
| Training and development-concept and importance, methods of training-on the job and off the job-vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship training |
Directing |
|---|
| Directing: Concept and importance |
| Elements of Directing |
| Motivation-concept, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, financial and non-financial incentives |
| Leadership-concept, styles-authoritative, democratic and laissez faire |
| Communication-concept, formal and informal communication |
Controlling |
|---|
| Controlling-concept and importance |
| Steps in process of control |
Financial management |
|---|
| Financial management: Concept, role and objectives |
| Financial decisions: Investment, financing and dividend-meaning and factors affecting |
| Financial planning-concept and importance |
| Capital structure-concept and factors affecting capital structure |
| Fixed and working capital-concept and factors affecting their requirements |
Financial markets |
|---|
| Financial markets: Concept, functions and types |
| Money market and its instruments |
| Capital market: Concept, types (primary and secondary), methods of floatation in the primary market |
| Stock exchange-meaning, functions and trading procedure |
| Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)-objectives and functions |
Marketing |
|---|
| Marketing-concept, functions and philosophies-product, prize and standard |
| Marketing mix-concept and elements |
| Product-branding, labelling and packaging-concept |
| Price-concept, factors determining price |
| Physical distribution-concept |
| Promotion-concept and elements; advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and public relations |
Consumer protection |
|---|
| Consumer protection: Concept |
| Consumer protection act 1986: Meaning of consumer, rights and responsibilities of consumers who can file a complaint?, redressal machinery, remedies available |
Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations |
|---|
| Not-for-profit organizations: Concept |
| Receipts and payments account: Features and preparation |
| Income and expenditure account: Features, preparation of income and expenditure account and balance sheet from the given receipts and payments account with additional information |
Accounting for partnership firms |
|---|
| Partnership: Features, partnership deed |
| Provisions of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 in the absence of partnership deed |
| Fixed v/s fluctuating capital accounts |
| Preparation of profit and loss appropriation account-division of profit among partners, guarantee of profits |
| Past adjustments (relating to interest on capital, interest on drawing, salary and profit sharing ratio) |
| Goodwill: Nature, factors affecting and methods of valuation-average profit, super profit and capitalization |
| Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Change in the profit sharing ratio among the existing partners-sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio, accounting for revaluation of assets |
| Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Reassessment of liabilities and treatment of reserves and accumulated profits. Preparation of revaluation account and balance sheet |
| Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Admission of a partner-effect of admission of a partner on change in the profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets |
| Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Admission of a partner-reassessment of liabilities, treatment of reserves and accumulated profits |
| Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Retirement and death of a partner-effect of retirement/ death of a partner on change in profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26) |
| Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Retirement and death of a partner-treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, adjustment of accumulated profits and reserves and preparation of balance sheet |
| Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Retirement and death of a partner-calculation of deceased partner's share of profit till the date of death |
| Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Dissolution of a partnership firm-meaning of dissolution of partnership and partnership firm, types of dissolution of a firm |
| Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Dissolution of a partnership firm-settlement of accounts-preparation of realization account |
| Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Dissolution of a partnership firm-other related accounts: Capital accounts of partners and cash/ bank a/c (excluding memorandum balance sheet, piecemeal distribution) |
| Accounting for partnership firms-reconstitution and dissolution: Dissolution of a partnership firm-other related accounts: Capital accounts of partners and cash/ bank a/c (sale to a company and insolvency of partner(s)) |
Accounting for companies |
|---|
| Accounting for share capital: Share and share capital-nature and types. Accounting for share capital: Issue and allotment of equity and preferences shares. Public subscription of shares-over subscription and under subscription of shares |
| Accounting for share capital: Issue at par and at premium, calls in advance and arrears (excluding interest), issue of shares for consideration other than cash. Concept of private placement and employee stock option plan (ESOP) |
| Accounting for share capital: Accounting treatment of forfeiture and reissue of shares. Disclosure of share capital in the Balance Sheet of a company |
| Accounting for debentures: Debentures-issue of debentures at par, at a premium and at a discount. Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash; issue of debentures with terms of redemption |
| Accounting for debentures: Debentures as collateral security-concept, interest on debentures. Writing off discount/ loss on issue of debentures |
Analysis of financial statements |
|---|
| Financial statements of a company: Statement of profit and loss and balance sheet in prescribed form with major headings and sub headings (as per schedule III to the companies act, 2013) |
| Financial statements of a company: Financial statement analysis-objectives, importance and limitations. Tools for financial statement analysis: Comparative statements, common size statements, cash flow analysis, ratio analysis |
| Financial statements of a company: Accounting ratios-meaning, objectives, classification and computation. Liquidity ratios: Current ratio and quick ratio |
| Financial statements of a company: Solvency ratios-debt to equity ratio, total asset to debt ratio, proprietary ratio and interest coverage ratio |
| Financial statements of a company: Activity ratios-inventory turnover ratio, trade receivables turnover ratio, trade payables turnover ratio and working capital turnover ratio |
| Financial statements of a company: Profitability ratios-gross profit ratio, operating ratio, operating profit ratio, net profit ratio and return on investment |
Cash flow statement |
|---|
| Meaning, objectives and preparation (as per AS 3 (Revised) (Indirect Method only) |
Computational thinking and programming-2 |
|---|
| Basics of Python covered in class XI |
| Functions: Scope, parameter passing, mutable/ immutable properties of data objects, passing strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries to functions, default parameters, positional parameters, return values |
| Functions: Functions using libraries-mathematical and string functions, functions using libraries-mathematical and string functions |
| File handling: Need for a data file, types of file: Text files, binary files and CSV (comma separated values) files |
| Text file: Basic operations on a text file-open (filename-absolute or relative path, mode), close a text file, reading and manipulation of data from a text file, appending data into a text file, standard input/ output and error streams |
| Text file: Relative and absolute paths |
| Binary file: Basic operations on a binary file-open (filename-absolute or relative path, mode), close a binary file, pickle module-methods load and dump; read, write/ create, search, append and update operations in a binary file |
| CSV file: Import csv module, functions-open, close a csv file, read from a csv file and write into a csv file using csv.reader ( ) and csv.writerow( ) |
| Using Python libraries: Import Python libraries |
| Data-structures: Lists as covered in class XI, stacks-push, pop using a list |
Computer networks |
|---|
| Evolution of networking: ARPANET, internet, interspace different ways of sending data across the network with reference to switching techniques (circuit and packet switching) |
| Data communication terminologies: Concept of channel, bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz) and data transfer rate (bps, kbps, mbps, gbps, tbps) |
| Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link, microwave link and satellite link |
| Network devices: Modem, RJ45 connector, ethernet card, router, switch, gateway, wifi card |
| Network topologies and types: Bus, star, tree, PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN |
| Network protocol: TCP/IP, file transfer protocol (FTP), PPP, HTTP, SMTP, POP3, remote login (telnet) and internet, wireless/ mobile communication protocol such as GSM, GPRS and WLL |
| Mobile telecommunication technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G; mobile processors; electronic mail protocols such as SMTP, POP3, protocols for chat and video conferencing: VoIP, wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and WiMax |
| Network security concepts: Threats and prevention from viruses, worms, Trojan horse, spams use of cookies, protection using firewall, https; India IT act, cyber law, cyber crimes, IPR issues, hacking |
| Introduction To web services: WWW, hyper text markup language (HTML), extensible markup language (XML); hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP); domain names; URL; website, web browser, web servers; web hosting |
Database management |
|---|
| Database concepts: Introduction to database concepts and its need |
| Relational data model: Concept of domain, relation, tuple, attribute, degree, cardinality, key, primary key, candidate key, alternate key and foreign key |
| Structured Query Language |
| General concepts: Advantages of using SQL, data definition language and data manipulation language |
| Data types: Number/ decimal, character/ varchar/ varchar2, date; SQL commands |
| Select, distinct, from, where, in, between, like, null/ is null, order by, group by, having |
| SQL functions: SUM ( ), AVG ( ), COUNT ( ), MAX ( ) and MIN ( ); joins: Equi-join and natural join |
| Interface of Python with an SQL database-connecting SQL with Python, creating database connectivity applications, performing insert, update, delete queries-display data by using fetchone(), fetchall(), rowcount |
Isometric projection of solids |
|---|
| Construction of isometric scale showing main divisions of 10mm and smaller divisions of 1mm, also showing the leading angles |
| Drawing helping view/s such as triangles, pentagon, hexagon, etc, using isometric scale |
| Isometric projection (drawn to isometric scale) of solids such as cube; regular prisms and pyramids (triangular, square, pentagonal and hexagonal); cone; cylinder; sphere; hemisphere |
| The axis and the base side of the solid should be either perpendicular to HP/ VP or parallel to HP and VP (indicate the direction of viewing) |
| Combination of any two above mentioned solids keeping the base side parallel or perpendicular to HP/ VP and placed centrally together (axis of both the solids should not be given parallel to HP) |
Machine drawing |
|---|
| Drawing of machine parts: (i) Drawing to full size scale with instruments-introduction of threads: Standard profiles of screw threads-square, knuckle, B.S.W., metric (external and internal); bolts-square head, hexagonal head; nuts-square head |
| Drawing of machine parts: (i) Drawing to full size scale with instruments-hexagonal head; plain washer; combination of nut and bolt with or without washer for assembling two parts together |
| Drawing of machine parts: (ii) Free-hand sketches-conventional representation of external and internal threads; types of studs-plain stud, square-neck stud, collar stud; types of rivets-snap head, pan head (without tapered neck), flat head |
| Drawing of machine parts: (ii) Free-hand sketches-60° countersunk flat head |
| Assembly drawings and dis-assembly drawings: 1. Bearings-(i) open-bearing, (ii) bush-bearing 2. Rod-joints-(i) cotter-joints for round-rods (sleeve and cotter joint), (ii) cotter-joints for square rods (gib and cotter-joint) |
| Assembly drawings and dis-assembly drawings: 3. Tie-rod and pipe-joint-(i) turnbuckle, (ii) flange pipe joint |
Entrepreneurial opportunities |
|---|
| Sensing entrepreneurial opportunities |
| Environment Scanning |
| Problem Identification |
| Idea fields |
| Spotting Trends |
| Creativity and Innovation |
| Selecting the Right Opportunity |
Entrepreneurial planning |
|---|
| Forms of business organization-sole proprietorship, partnership, company |
| Business plan: Concept, format |
| Components: Organisational plan; operational plan; production plan; financial plan; marketing plan; human resource planning |
Enterprise marketing |
|---|
| Marketing and Sales strategy |
| Branding, logo, tagline |
| Promotion strategy |
Enterprise growth strategies |
|---|
| Franchising: Concept, types, advantages, limitations |
| Mergers and acquisition: Concept, reasons, types |
Business arithmetic |
|---|
| Unit of Sale, Unit Cost for multiple products or services |
| Break even Analysis for multiple products or services |
| Computation of working capital |
| Inventory control and EOQ |
| Return on investment (ROI) and return on equity (ROE) |
Resource mobilization |
|---|
| Capital market-primary |
| Angel investor: Features |
| Venture capital: Features, funding |
Brief study of the following |
|---|
| Gram, Murchhana, Alankar, Alap, Tana |
| Gamak, Meend, Kan, krintan, Zamzama, Ghaseet, Sut |
Historical development of time theory of ragas |
|---|
Detail study of the following |
|---|
| Sangeet Ratnakar, Sangeet Parijat |
Life sketch and contribution of Inayat Khan, MushtaqAli Khan, Alauddin Khan |
|---|
Description of prescribed talas along with tala notation with Thah, Dugun, Tigun and Chaugun prescribed talas |
|---|
| Jhaptala, Rupak |
Tuning of the Instrument opted for |
|---|
Critical study of prescribed ragas along with recognizing ragas phrases of swaras and elaborating them (excluding raga Shuddha Sarang) |
|---|
Writing in notation the compositions of prescribed ragas |
|---|
| Bhairav, Bageshri, Malkauns |
Short notes of the following Uthan |
|---|
Comparative study of the following |
|---|
| Chautala-Ektala, Jhaptala-Sultala |
Layakari and its varieties |
|---|
Brief description of Gharanas of Tabla or Pakhawaj |
|---|
History of Tabla |
|---|
Biographies of Pandit Kishan Maharaj and Ustad Zakir Hussain |
|---|
Silent feature of style and biography Raja Chatrapati Singh, Guru Purushotam Das |
|---|
Notation of the prescribed talas and compositions |
|---|
Recognition of talas from given portion of the Thekas and compositions |
|---|
Prescribe talas |
|---|
| Teentala or Adi tala, Rupak or Tevra |
Brief study of the following |
|---|
| Alankar, Kan, Meend, Khatka, Murki, Gamak |
| Gram, Murchhana, Alap, Tana |
Historical development of time theory of ragas |
|---|
Detail study of the following |
|---|
| Sangeet Ratnakar, Sangeet Parijat |
Life sketch and contribution of Faiyaz Khan, Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Krishna Rao, Shankar Pandit |
|---|
Description of prescribed talas along with tala notation with Thah, Dugun, Tigun and Chaugun Jhaptala Rupak Dhamar |
|---|
Tuning of Tanpura |
|---|
Critical study of prescribed ragas along with recognizing ragas from phrases of swaras and elaborating them excluding raga Shuddha Sarang |
|---|
Notation the compositions of prescribed ragas |
|---|
| Bhairav, Bageshri, Malkauns |
History and Theory of Indian Music |
|---|
| An out-line knowledge of the following Lakshana Granthas: Sangita Saramrita Sangita Sampradaya Pradarsini, Svaramelakalanidhi and Ragavibhodha, Brihaddesi |
| Short life sketch and contributions of the following: Annamacharya, Swati Tirunal, Kshetrajna, Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer, Patnam Subramanya lyer, Ramnad Srinivasa Iyengar Mysore Doraiswamy Iyengar, Dwaram Venkataswamy |
| Short life sketch and contributions of the following: Naidu Karaikkudi Brothers, Mysore Vasudevachar |
| Brief study of the musical form, Kriti, Tiruppugazh, Padam, Javali and Tillana |
| Detailed study of the Manodharma Sangita |
| Definition and explanation of the following: Janaka, Janya system of Ragas, Bhashanga, Upanga, Varja, Vakra Ragas, Gamakas, Arudi, Eduppu, Jati, Prabandham, Grama, Murchchana, Jaati and Vishesha Prayogas |
| Description of the ragas prescribed |
| Notation the kriti/kirtana in the ragas prescribed |
| Describe the construction of the instrument opted for alongwith the basic techniques of playing |
| Classification of instruments in general and a brief history of the instrument opted for |
History and Theory of Indian Music |
|---|
| An outline knowledge of the following Lakshana Grandha to Sangita Saramrita, Sangita Sampradaya Pradarsini, Svaramelakalanidhi, Raga Vibodha, Brihaddesi |
| Short life sketch and contributions of the following: Annamacharya, Kshetrajna, Swati Tirunal, Gopalakrishna Bharati, Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer, Patanam Subramanya Aiyar. Ramnad Srinivasa Iyenger, Mysore Vasudevachar |
| A study of musical forms: Kriti, Padam, Javali, Tillana, Tiruppugazh, Ragamalika |
| Detailed study of Manodharma Sangita |
| Definition and explanation of the following: Janaka-Janya ragas, Bhashanga, Upanga, Varja, Vakra ragas, Gamakas, Arudi, Eduppu, Prabandham, Grama, Murchana, Jaati |
| Lakshanas of the ragas prescribed in practical activity |
| Notation of the Kriti/ Kirtana in the prescribed ragas |
| Brief description of concert instruments, their construction and techniques of playing |
| Classification of musical Instruments in general |
History and Theory of Indian Music |
|---|
| An outline knowledge of following Lakshana Granthas with special reference to Tala and percussion in Chaturdandi Prakashika, Sangita Ratnakara, Ragavibhodha, Svaramela Kalanidhi |
| Short life sketch and contributions of the following luminaries: Needamangalam Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai, Tanjore Vaidyanatha Iyer, Palghat Mani Iyer, Umaiyalpuram Kodanda Ramaiyer, Pudukkottai Swaminatha Pillai, Palani Subramania Pillai, Vilvadri Iyer |
| Study of the musical forms, Pallavi, Sollukattu, Tillana, Padam and Javali |
| Definition and explanation of the following: Padagarbham, Arudi, Eduppu, Gati-bheda, Anuloma, Pratiloma, Tisram, Trikalam, Theka, Shadangas, Talas |
| Classification of percussion instruments in general and a brief history of the instrument opted for |
| Technical Terms: Vilamba, Madhya, Druta, Atitam, Anagatam, Pharan, Kalapramanam, Ghumki, Konnakkol, Choru, Varu, Toppi |
| Knowledge of the fundamental structure, technique and playing of other percussion instruments like Morsing, Tabla, Chenda, Edakka and Gettu Vadyam |
Kathak dance |
|---|
| A brief history with other classical dance styles of India |
| Basic understanding of the term ABHINAYA and definition of its four aspects: Angika, Vachika, Aharya, Satvika |
| Aquitance of the three gharanas of kathak dance (Lucknow, Jaipur, Banaras) |
| Rasa: Definition and explanation of ninerasas |
| Knowledge of the following terms: (Short note) Sangeet, Tal, Laya, Angahara, Bhramari, Lokadharmi, Natyadharmi, Rasa Andbhava |
| Knowledge of the technical terminology of the dance form: Definition of the following-i) Vandana, ii) Tihaayi, iii) Aamad, iv) Toda/ Tukraa, v) Paran, vi) Chakardar Toda/ Tukraa and Paran, vii) Gatnikas, viii) Gatbhaav |
| Knowledge of the technical terminology of the dance form: Knowledge of Theka of Dadra, Kaharwa, Roopak. Definition of Tali, Khali, Sam, Tihaay. Ability to notate a Tukraa/ Toda and Paran. |
| Acquaintance with the traditional costumes and makeup |
Bharatnatyam Dance |
|---|
| Acquaintance with life history of the chief exponents and contributors of the past of the dance form: Rukmini Devi Arundale, Balasraswati, Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai, Tanjorequartette |
| Acquaintance with the contents of the Abhinaya Darpana |
| Knowledge of the following terms: Nritta, Nritya, Natya (Sanskrit slokas from the Abinaya Darpana and basic definition) Tandava (7 tandavas with detailed stories) Lasya, Lokadharmi, Natyadharmi (definitions with example) |
| Knowledge of the following terms: Sthana, Chari, Mandala, Bharmari, Utplavana (slokas and meaning from Abinaya Darpana) |
| Knowledge of the following terms: Abhinaya (Angika, Vachika, Satvika, Aharya-slokas from the Abinaya Darpana along with the meaning) |
| Knowledge of the following terms: Sangeeta, Tala, Laya (definition of the term, seven talams, three layams) |
| Knowledge of the following terms: Rasa (names of the nine rasas and their English meanings) |
| Knowledge of the technical terminology of the particular dance form: |
| Definitions of the following: Araimandi, Muzhumandi, Kuttanam, Korvai, Karvai, Adavu, Shollu, Aradhi, Theerumanam, Jati, Jaati, Gati, Avartana, Yati, Taalanga, Thattukazhi, Nattuvangam, Arangetram) |
| Acquaintance with the traditional costumes, make up of the dance styleopted |
Kuchipudi Dance |
|---|
| A brief history and acquaintance with some traditional dance forms of the region, other than the one offered for study |
| Acquaintance with life history of the chief exponents of the dance form, past and present |
| Knowledge of the following terms: Nritta, Nritya, Natya, Tandava, Lasya, Lokadharmi,Natyadharmi |
| Knowledge of the following terms: Chaturvidha Abhinaya (Angika, Vachika, Satyika, Aharya) with special reference to Mukhaja Abhinaya |
| Knowledge of the following terms: Sanchari Bhava, Sattvika Bhava |
| Types of compositions and formats used in Kuchipudi |
| Definitions of the following: Rangapuja, Shabdam,Ashthapadi, Kalaapam, (Bhaama Kalaapam, Golla Kalaapam) |
Odissi Dance |
|---|
| Elementary knowledge about the three styles of Chhau: Mayurbhanj, Seraikella and Purulia |
| Brief notes on the lives and contribution of the three gurus: Guru Pankaj Charan Das, Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra and Guru Deba Prasad Das |
| Elementary introduction to the texts; Natya Shastra, Abhinaya Darpana, and Abhinaya Chandrika: a) Identification of the author (approximate date), b) basic overview of the broad areas covered in the context of each text |
| Natya Shastra, Abhinaya Darpana, and Abhinaya Chandrika: c) Myths regarding the origin of dance according to each text |
| Basic understanding of the term Abhinaya and definition of its four aspects: Angika, Vachika, Aharya and Sattvik |
| Rasa: Definition and short explanation of the nine rasas |
| Short notes on: a) The Aharya of Odissi. b) The music accompaniment of Odissi |
| Brief explnation of the following terms: a) Nritta, Nritya andNatya, b) Matra, Laya, Taal, Avartana, Vibhaga (Anga), c) Tandava and Lasya d) Natyadharmi and Lokdharmi |
| Write some names of folk dances of Odisha |
Manipuri dance |
|---|
| Acquaintance with life history of chief exponents past and present of the dance form |
| Acquaintance with the contents of Abhinaya Darpana |
| Knowledge of the following terms: Nritta, Nritya and Natya. Tandava, Lasya, Loka Dharmi, Natya Dharm. Abhinaya: Angika, Vachika, Aharya and Satvika. Sangeet: TalaLaya. Rasa: Sthayi Bhava, Sanchari Bhava |
| Knowledge of technical terms of the style: Chali, Bhangi, Longlei, Uplei. Different kinds of Choloms: Kartal Cholom, Khubak Isei Cholom, Pung Cholom. Sankirtan. Different Talas, Rajmel, Menkup, Tanchap |
| Knowledge of technical terms of the style: Different kinds of Raas |
| Acquaintance with the traditional costumes, make up for the dance style offered: Potloi and its different components for Radha and Gopis. Krishna's costume. Typical traditional make up for Manipuri classical dances with emphasis on Vaishnava Tilak |
Kathakali Dance |
|---|
| Acquaintance with the life history of the great masters of the dance form of both past and present |
| Acquaintance with the contents of the Hastha Lakshana Deepika and Natyasasthra |
| Knowledge of the following terms: (i) Nritta, Nritya, Natya, Tandava, Lasya, Lokadharmi, Natyadharmi. (ii) Anga, Upanga, Prathyanga |
| Knowledge of the following terms: (iii) Abhinaya (Angika, Vachika, Satvika, Aharaya) with special reference to Hasta-Abhinaya, Mukhaja-Abhinaya andNetra-Abhinaya. (iv) Sangeeta, Tala, Laya |
| Knowledge of the following terms: (v) Rasa, Rasadhrishti, Sthaayibhava, Sthaayidrishti, Sancharibhava, Bhaava, Vibhaava, Anubhaava and Sathvika Bhaava |
| Knowledge of the technical terminology of the art forms: (a) Mutiyettu, Theyyam, Kootiyaattam, Ramanattam, Krishnattam, Ottanthullal, and Kalarippayattu |
| Knowledge of the technical terminology of the art forms: (b) Hastas-Samyutha, Asamyuta, Mishra, Nanartha from Hastalakshanadipika, (c) Kaal SadhakamI rativatam, (d) Kalassam, Ashtakalasam, Ilakiyattam,Cholliyattam |
| Knowledge of the technical terminology of the art forms: (e) Keli, Arangu Keli (Shuddha Maddalam), Todayam, Purappadu, Melapada, and Dhanaasi , (f) Chutti, Pachchha, Kathi, Thaadi, Kari, Minukku |
| Knowledge of the technical terminology of the art forms: (g) Rasa, Rasadhrishti, Sthaayibhava, Sthaayidrishti, Sancharibhava, Manodharma,Cholliyaattam and Ilakiyaattam |
| Knowledge of the technical terminology of the art forms: (h) Ability to write in notation talas learnt under practicals |
| Acquaintance with the traditional costumes and makeup of the dance style opted |
| Knowledge of Kathakali music both vocal and percussion |
Work, livelihood, and career |
|---|
| Introduction: Work and meaningful work. Work, careers and livelihood |
| Traditional occupation in India: Agriculture, handicrafts, Indian cuisine, visual arts |
| Work, age and gender: Gender issues in relation to work. Issues and concerns related to women and work-KGBV, Beti bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana |
| Attitudes and approaches to work and life skills for livelihood: Attitudes and approaches to work. Life skills for livelihood. Essential soft skills at workplace |
| Ergonomics: Definition and need for ergonomics. Benefits of ergonomics |
| Entrepreneurship: Definition and characteristics |
Nutrition, food science and technology |
|---|
| Clinical nutrition and dietetics: Introduction-nutrition, clinical nutrition. Significance. Basic concepts-diet therapy. Types of diets: Regular diet and modified diets. Changes in consistency. Feeding routes. Prevention of chronic diseases |
| Clinical nutrition and dietetics: Preparing for career. Scope |
| Public nutrition and health: Introduction. Significance. Basic concept-public health nutrition, nutritional problems of India: Protein energy malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies-iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin-A deficiency |
| Public nutrition and health: Micronutrient deficiencies-iodine deficiency disorders |
| Public nutrition and health: Strategies/ intervention to tackle nutritional problems-diet or food based strategies, nutrient based strategies |
| Public nutrition and health: Nutrition programmes operating in India-ICDS, nutrient deficiency control programmes, food supplementation programmes, food security programme. Health Care. Scope |
| Food processing and technology: Introduction. Significance. Basic concepts-food science, food processing, food technology, food manufacturing. Development of food processing and technology. Importance of food processing and preservation |
| Food processing and technology: Classification of food on the basis of extent and type of processing. Preparing for a career. Scope |
| Food quality and food safety: Introduction. Significance. Basic concepts-food safety (toxicity and hazard), hazards (physical, chemical, and biological), food infection, food poisoning, food quality. Food standards regulation in India-FSSA (2006) |
| Food quality and food safety: International organization and agreements in the area of food standards, quality, research and trade-codex alimentarius commission, international organization for standardisation, world trade organization |
| Food quality and food safety: Food safety management systems-good manufacturing practices (GMP), good handling practices (GHP), hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP). Scope |
Human development and family studies |
|---|
| Early childhood care and education: Significance. Basic concepts. Preparing for a career. Scope |
| Management of support services, institutions and programmes for children, youth and elderly: Significance. Basic concepts. Why are children vulnerable? |
| Management of support services, institutions and programmes for children, youth and elderly: Institutions, programmes, and initiatives for children-ICDS, SOS children's village, children's homes run by the government, adoption. Why are youth vulnerable? |
| Management of support services, institutions and programmes for children, youth and elderly: Youth programmes in India. Why are the elderly vulnerable?. Some programmes for the elderly. Preparing for a career. Scope |
Fabric and apparel |
|---|
| Design for fabric and apparel: Introduction. Basic concepts (design: Structural and applied). Elements of design-colour, texture, line, shapes or form. Principles of design-proportion, balance, emphasis, rhythm, harmony. Preparing for career. Scope |
| Fashion design and merchandising: Introduction. Significance. Basic concepts-fashion terminology-fashion, fads, style, classic. Fashion development-France-the centre of fashion, fashion evolution. Fashion merchandising. Fashion retail organization |
| Fashion design and merchandising: Preparing For a career. Scope |
| Care and maintenance of fabrics in institutions: Introduction. Basic concepts-washing equipment, drying equipment, ironing/ pressing equipment. Institutions. Preparing for a career. Scope |
Resource management |
|---|
| Hospitality management: Introduction. Significance. Basic concepts. Departments involved in hospitality management of an organization. Scope |
| Consumer education and protection: Introduction. Significance of consumer education and protection. Basic concepts-consumer product, consumer behaviour, consumer forum, consumer footfalls, consumer problems, consumer rights |
| Consumer education and protection: Basic concepts-standardized marks (ISI, Wool Mark, Hall Mark, Silk Mark), protection councils, consumer responsibilities. Scope |
Communication and extension |
|---|
| Development communication and journalism: Introduction. Significance. Basic concepts-development, development journalism, development communication. Methods of communication-campaign, radio and television, print media |
| Development communication and journalism: Methods of communication-information and communication technologies. Knowledge and skills required for a career in this field. Scope and career avenues in development communication |
Data handling using pandas-I |
|---|
| Introduction to python libraries-pandas, matplotlib |
| Data structures in pandas-series and data frames |
| Series: Creation of series from-ndarray, dictionary, scalar value; mathematical operations; head and tail functions; selection, indexing and slicing |
| Data frames: Creation-from dictionary of series, list of dictionaries, text/ CSV files; display; iteration; operations on rows and columns: add, select, delete, rename; head and tail functions; indexing using labels, Boolean indexing |
| Data frames: Importing/ exporting data between CSV files and data frames |
| Data visualization: Purpose of plotting; drawing and saving following types of plots using Matplotlib-line plot, bar graph, histogram customizing plots: Adding label, title, and legend in plots |
Database query using SQL |
|---|
| Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD () |
| Text functions: UCASE ()/ UPPER (), LCASE ()/ LOWER (), MID ()/ SUBSTRING ()/ SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM () |
| Date functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME () |
| Aggregate functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using COUNT (*) |
| Querying and manipulating data using group by, having, order by |
Introduction to computer networks |
|---|
| Introduction to networks, types of network: LAN, MAN, WAN |
| Network devices: modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway |
| Network topologies: Star, bus, tree, mesh |
| Introduction to internet, URL, WWW, and its applications- web, email, chat, VoIP |
| Website: Introduction, difference between a website and webpage, static vs. dynamic web page, web server and hosting of a website |
| Web browsers: Introduction, commonly used browsers, browser settings, add-ons and plug-ins, cookies |
Societal impacts |
|---|
| Digital footprint, net and communication etiquettes, data protection, intellectual property rights (IPR), plagiarism, licensing and copyright, free and open source software (FOSS), cybercrime and cyber laws, hacking, phishing, cyber bullying |
| Overview of Indian IT act |
| E-waste: Hazards and management |
| Awareness about health concerns related to the usage of technology |
Agriculture: A survey |
|---|
| Agriculture in prehistory and proto history/ textual sources/ types of lands/ rain-fed and irrigated crops/ implements/ seed and sowing/manures/pests and their management/ cattle management/horticulture and arboriculture/ fishing/ agriculture and society |
| Agricultural heritage: Excerpts from primary texts |
| Rigveda/ Kṛṣiparāśara (c. 400 BCE) / Kauṭilya (3rd or 4th century BCE)/ Kaśyapiyakṛṣisukti (800 CE) / Vṛkṣāyurveda (c. 1000 CE) / Kṛṣigītā (c. 1500 AD) |
Architecture: A survey |
|---|
| Early and classical architecture |
| Temple architecture/ rock-cut structures/ monolithic temples/ constructed temples/ public and private architecture |
| Excerpts from primary texts |
| Viudharmottarapura / Kautilya's Arthasastra / Mayamata |
Dance: A survey |
|---|
| Classical dance forms: Classical period/ middle period/ modern period/ classical dance forms/ Bharatanatyam/ Kathakali/ Kathak/ Kuchipudi/ Manipuri/ Orissi/ Sattriya. Primary texts on dance in India: A selection |
| Classical dance forms: Natyasastra (tr. Manomohan Ghosh)/ Natyasastra. Natyasastra dance: A survey |
| Folk dance forms: Chau/ Bihu/ Rauf/ Padayani/ DolluKunitha/ Dandiya/ Ghumar/ Kalbelia/ Chau and fla/ Bhangra/ Giddha/ Garba/ Lava)i/ Bamboo dance |
Education systems and practices: A survey |
|---|
| Goals of Indian education/ teaching and learning/ the teacher and the student/ centres of education / temples as first schools/ gurukulas/ Viharas and universities/ community supported education/ the continuing system |
| Primary texts on education in India: A selection |
| Two types of knowledge and the right pupil/ mere intellectual knowledge is not enough/ the link between teacher and pupil/ teachers invite students to come to them/ controlling the mind and the senses: The goal of Indian education |
| Teacher's directives to students on their completion of study/ what is a useful life? / Hsuan-tsang's (Xuanzang) impressions of Indian education/ Hsuan-tsang’s (XuanZang) description of Nalanda University |
| Narratives of Indian education in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries |
| An Italian explorer's record of Indian education in the 17th century/ a description of Indian education in the 18th century/ the teacher's subsistence/ respect for the teacher/ physical education and sports |
| Description of the university at Navadveep (Nuddeah) in Bengal in 1791/ love of learning and support for education among Indians/ a widespread pre-colonial network of indigenous schools |
Ethics: Individual and Social |
|---|
| The cosmic order/ Buddhist ethics/ Jain ethics/ Sikh ethics/ the Bhakti |
| Movement primary texts on ethics: Individual and social-a selection |
| From Jain Granthas/ from Buddhist Granthas/ from Asoka's edicts/ from the Kural (tr. P.S. Sundaram) |
Martial arts traditions: A survey |
|---|
| Texts/ practice of martial arts/ stick combat/ Kalarippayau martial arts traditions: A selection from primary texts wrestling in the Mahabharata/ Mallapura/ Marmasastram |
Language and Grammar |
|---|
| Languages of India/ study of language in India/ disciplines of language studies in India/ classification of speech-sounds/ theory of grammar |
| Primary texts on language: A selection |
| Reflections on language from vedic sources/ phonetics: Panini Siksa (tr. and ed., Manmohan Ghosh)/ Nirukta (etymology): The Nighantu and the Nirukta of Yaskacarya (tr. and ed., Lakshman Sarup) |
| Patañjali’s Mahabhashya (adapted from S.N. Dasgupta's translation)/ grammar, language and knowledge: Bhartrihari's Vakyapadiya, Brahmakanda, tr. K.A. Subramania Iyer |
Other technologies: A survey |
|---|
| Harappan technologies/ later pottery/ glass/ water management/ textile technology/ writing technologies: A selection from primary texts |
| Gemmology/ water management/ textiles and garments/ perfumes and cosmetics |
Judiciary |
|---|
| Structure and hierarchy of courts and legal offices in India |
| Constitution, roles and impartiality |
| Appointments, trainings, retirement and removal of judges |
| Courts and judicial review |
Topics in law |
|---|
| Law of property |
| Law of contracts |
| Law of torts |
| Introduction to criminal laws in India |
Arbitration, tribunal adjudication, and alternate dispute resolution |
|---|
| Adversarial and inquisitorial systems |
| Introduction to alternative dispute resolution |
| Types of ADR |
| Arbitration, administrative tribunals |
| Mediation and Conciliation |
| Lok Adalats |
| Ombudsman |
| Lokpal and lokayukta |
Human rights in India |
|---|
| Introduction-international context |
| Constitutional framework and related laws in India |
| Complaint mechanisms of Quasi-judicial bodies |
Legal profession in India |
|---|
| Introduction, the advocates act, 1961, The Bar Council of India, lawyers and professional ethics, advertising by lawyers, opportunities for law graduates, legal education in India, liberalization of the legal profession |
| Women and the legal profession in India |
Legal services |
|---|
| Legal background-free legal aid under criminal law, legal aid by the state, legal aid under the Indian constitution, NALSA regulations, 2010 |
| Criteria for giving free legal services |
| Lok Adalats |
| Legal aid in context of social justice and human rights |
International context |
|---|
| Introduction to International Law |
| Sources of international law-treaties, customs and ICJ decisions |
| International institutions, international human rights |
| Customary international law |
| International law and municipal law |
| International law and India |
| Dispute resolution-ICJ, ICC and other dispute resolution mechanisms |
Planning in sports |
|---|
| Meaning and Objectives Of Planning |
| Various committees and its responsibilities (pre; during and post) |
| Tournament-knock-out, league or round robin and combination |
| Procedure to draw fixtures-knock-out (bye and seeding) and league (staircase and cyclic) |
Sports and nutrition |
|---|
| Balanced diet and nutrition: Macro and micro nutrients |
| Nutritive and non-nutritive components of diet |
| Eating for weight control-a healthy weight, the pitfalls of dieting, food intolerance and food myths |
Yoga and lifestyle |
|---|
| Asanas as preventive measures |
| Obesity: Procedure, benefits and contraindications for Vajrasana, Hastasana, Trikonasana, Ardh Matsyendrasana |
| Diabetes: Procedure, benefits and contraindications for Bhujangasana, Paschimottasana, Pavan Muktasana, Ardh Matsyendrasana |
| Asthema: Procedure, benefits and contraindications for Sukhasana, Chakrasana, Gomukhasana, Parvatasana, Bhujangasana, Paschimottasana, Matsyasana |
| Hypertension: Tadasana, Vajrasana, Pavan Muktasana, Ardha Chakrasana, Bhujangasana, Sharasana |
Physical education and sports for CWSN (children with special needs-Divyang) |
|---|
| Concept of Disability and Disorder |
| Types of disability, its causes and nature (cognitive disability, intellectual disability, physical disability) |
| Types of disorder, its cause and nature (ADHD, SPD, ASD, ODD, OCD) |
| Disability Etiquettes |
| Strategies to make Physical Activities assessable for children with special need |
Children and women in sports |
|---|
| Motor development and factors affecting it |
| Exercise Guidelines at different stages of growth and Development |
| Common postural deformities-knock knee; flat foot; round shoulders; lordosis, kyphosis, bow legs and scoliosis and their corrective measures |
| Sports participation of women in India |
Test and measurement in sports |
|---|
| Motor fitness test-50 M standing start, 600 M run/ walk, sit and reach, partial curl up, push ups (boys), modified push ups (girls), standing broad jump, agility-4x10 M shuttle run |
| Measurement of cardio vascular fitness-Harvard step test/ rockport test-computation of fitness index: Duration of the exercise in seconds x 100/ 5.5 x pulse count of 1-1.5 min after exercise |
| Rikli and Jones-senior citizen fitness test: Chair stand test for lower body strength, arm curl test for upper body strength, chair sit and reach test for lower body flexibility, back scratch test for upper body flexibility |
| Rikli and Jones-senior citizen fitness test: Eight foot up and go test for agility, six minute walk test for aerobic endurance |
Physiology and injuries in sports |
|---|
| Physiological factor determining component of Physical Fitness |
| Effect of exercise on cardio respiratory system |
| Effect of exercise on Muscular System |
| Sports injuries: Classification (soft tissue injuries: (Abrasion, contusion, laceration, incision, sprain and strain) bone and joint injuries: (Dislocation, fractures: Stress fracture, green stick, communated, transverse oblique and impacted) causes |
| Sports injuries: Prevention and treatment |
| First aid-aims and objectives |
Biomechanics and sports |
|---|
| Meaning and importance of biomechanics in sports |
| Types of movements (flexion, extension, abduction and adduction) |
| Newton's law of motion and its application in sports |
Psychology and sports |
|---|
| Personality; its definition and types-trait and types (Sheldon and Jung classification) and big give theory |
| Motivation, its type and techniques |
| Meaning, concept and types of aggressions in sports |
Training in sports |
|---|
| Strength-definition, types and methods of improving strength-isometric, isotonic and isokinetic |
| Endurance-definition, types and methods to develop endurance-continuous training, interval training and Fartlek training |
| Speed-definition, types and methods to develop speed-acceleration run and pace run |
| Flexibility-definition, types and methods to improve flexibility |
| Coordinative abilities-definition and types |
Variations in psychological attributes |
|---|
| Introduction |
| Individual Differences in Human Functioning |
| Assessment of Psychological Attributes |
| Intelligence |
| Theories of intelligence: Psychometric theories of intelligence, information processing theories, theory of multiple intelligences, triarchic theory of intelligence, planning, attention-arousal and simultaneous successive model of intelligence |
| Individual Differences in Intelligence |
| Culture and Intelligence |
| Emotional Intelligence |
| Special abilities: Aptitude-nature and measurement |
| Creativity |
Self and personality |
|---|
| Introduction |
| Self and Personality |
| Concept of Self |
| Cognitive and Behavioural Aspects of Self |
| Culture and Self |
| Concept of Personality |
| Major approaches to the Study of personality: Type approach, trait approach, psychodynamic approach, behavioural approach, cultural approach, humanistic approach |
| Assessment of personality: Self-report measures, projective techniques, behavioural analysis |
Meeting life challenges |
|---|
| Introduction |
| Nature, types and sources of stress |
| Effects of stress on psychological functioning and health: Stress and health, general adaptation syndrome, stress and immune system, lifestyle |
| Coping with stress: Stress management techniques |
| Promoting positive health and well-being: Stress resistant personality, life skills, positive health |
Psychological disorders |
|---|
| Introduction |
| Concepts of abnormality and psychological disorders: Historical background |
| Classification of Psychological Disorders |
| Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour |
| Major psychological disorders: Anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, trauma-and stressor-related disorders, somatic symptom and related disorders, dissociative disorders, depressive disorder, bipolar and related disorders |
| Major psychological disorders: Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders, feeding and eating disorders, substance related and addictive disorders |
Therapeutic approaches |
|---|
| Nature and process of psychotherapy: Therapeutic relationship |
| Types of therapies: Behaviour therapy, cognitive therapy, humanistic-existential therapy, alternative therapies |
| Rehabilitation of the Mentally Ill |
Attitude and social cognition |
|---|
| Introduction |
| Explaining Social Behaviour |
| Nature and Components of Attitudes |
| Attitude formation and change: Attitude formation, attitude change, attitude-behaviour relationship |
| Prejudice and Discrimination |
| Strategies for Handling Prejudice |
Social influence and group processes |
|---|
| Introduction |
| Nature and Formation of Groups |
| Type of Groups |
| Influence of group on individual behaviour: Social loafing, group polarisation |
The demographic structure of the Indian society |
|---|
| Theories and concepts in demography |
| Rural-urban linkages and divisions |
| Population policy in India |
Social institutions: Continuity and change |
|---|
| Caste and the caste system |
| Tribal communities |
| Family and Kinship |
Patterns of social inequality and exclusion |
|---|
| Social inequality and social exclusion |
| Systems justifying and perpetuating inequality-caste, tribe, the other backward classes |
| Adivasi struggles |
| The struggle for women's equality and rights |
| The struggles of the Differently Abled |
The challenges of cultural diversity |
|---|
| Cultural communities and the nation state |
| Regionalism in the Indian context |
| The nation state and religion related issues and identities |
| Communalism, secularism and the nation state |
| State and Civil Society |
Structural change |
|---|
| Understanding colonialism, industrialization, urbanization |
Cultural change |
|---|
| Social reform movements |
| Different kinds of social change: Sanskritisation, westernization, modernization, secularization |
Change and development in rural society |
|---|
| Agrarian structure: Caste and class in rural India |
| Land reforms, green revolution and emerging agrarian society |
| Green revolution and its social consequences |
| Transformation in Rural Society |
| Circulation of labour |
| Globalization, liberalization and rural society |
Change and development in industrial society |
|---|
| From Planned Industrialization to Liberalization |
| How people find jobs |
| Work processes: How work is carried out, working conditions, home based work, strikes and unions |
Social movements |
|---|
| Concept of social movements |
| Theories and Classification of Social Movements |
| Environmental Movements |
| Class-based movements: Workers, peasants |
| Caste-based movements: Dalit movement, backward class/ castes, trends in upper caste responses |
| Tribal Movements |
| Women's movements in independent India |
The Rajasthani and Pahari schools of miniature painting |
|---|
| The Rajasthani school: Origin and development. Sub-schools-Mewar, Bundi, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Kishangarh and Jaipur |
| The Rajasthani school: Main features of the Rajasthani school. Appreciation of the following Rajasthani paintings-title: Maru-Ragini, Chaugan players, Krishna on swing, Radha (Bani-Thani), Bharat meets Rama at Chitrakuta |
| The Pahari school: Origin and development. Sub-schools-Basohli, Guler, Kangra, Chamba and Garhwal. Main features of the Pahari school |
| The Pahari school: Appreciation of the following Pahari paintings-title: Krishna with Gopis Nand, Yashoda, Krishna with Kinsmen going to Vrindavana |
The Mughal and Deccan schools of miniature painting (16th century A.D. to 19th century A.D.) |
|---|
| The Mughal school: Origin and development. Main features of the Mughal school. Appreciation of the following Mughal paintings: Title-Krishna lifting mount govardhana, falcon on a bird-rest, Kabir and Raidas, Marriage procession of Dara Shukoh |
| The Deccan school: Origin and development. Main features of the Deccan school. Appreciation of the following Deccan paintings: Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusro. Chand Bibi playing polo (Chaugan) |
The Bengal school of painting and the modern trends in Indian art |
|---|
| About the beginning to mid of the 20th century: National flag of India and the symbolic significance of its forms and the colours |
| About the beginning to mid of the 20th century: Introduction to the Bengal school of painting-(i) origin and development of the Bengal school of painting, (ii) main features of the Bengal school of painting |
| About the beginning to mid of the 20th century: Appreciation of the following paintings of the Bengal school-(i) Journey's end-Abanindranath Tagore, (ii) Shiv and Sati-Nandla Bose, (iv) Radhika-M.A.R.Chughtai, (v) Meghdoot-Ram Gopal Vijaivargiya |
| About the beginning to mid of the 20th century: Contribution of Indian artists in the struggle for national freedom movement |
| The modern trends in Indian art: Appreciation of the following contemporary (modern) Indian art |
| The modern trends in Indian art: Paintings-(i) Rama vanquishing the pride of the ocean-Raja Ravi Varma, (ii) Mother and child-Jamini Roy, (iii) Haldi Grinders-Amrita Sher Gill, (iv) Mother Teresa-M.F.Husain |
| The modern trends in Indian art: Graphic-prints-(i) Children-Somnath Hore, (ii) Devi-Jyoti Bhatt, (iii) Of walls-Anupam Sud, (iv) Man, woman and tree-K. Laxma Goud |
| The modern trends in Indian art: Sculptures-(i) Triumph of labour-D. P. Roychowdhury, (ii) Santhal family-Ramkinkar Vaij, (iii) Cries un-heard-Amar Nath Sehgal, (iv) Ganesha-P.V. Janaki Ram |
Six limbs of Indian painting and fundamental of visual arts (elements and principles) |
|---|
The Rajasthani and Pahari schools of miniature painting |
|---|
The Mughal and Deccan schools of miniature painting |
|---|
The Bengal school of painting and the modern trends in Indian art |
|---|
Six limbs of Indian art painting and fundamental of visual arts (elements and principles) |
|---|
The Rajasthani and Pahari schools of miniature painting |
|---|
The Mughal and Deccan schools of miniature painting |
|---|
The Bengal school of painting and the modern trends in Indian art |
|---|
Six limbs of Indian art painting and fundamental of visual arts (elements and principles) |
|---|
The Rajasthani and Pahari schools of miniature painting |
|---|
The Mughal and Deccan schools of miniature painting |
|---|
The Bengal school of painting and the modern trends in Indian art |
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To qualify the CBSE 12th exams 2024 with flying colours, students should be aware of how what and when to prepare for the board exam. Read the CBSE 12th preparation tips below to make the preparation easier-
Knowing exam pattern enables a student to prepare for CBSE 12th exams 2024 in a better way by making them aware of important aspects of an exam. CBSE class 12 exam pattern is divided into three main streams that are Science, Commerce and Arts. Some subjects of CBSE 12th are common for all stream students. The exam pattern and marking scheme of CBSE 12th major subjects is given in the following tables:
CBSE Class 12 Physics & Chemistry Exam Pattern
| Exam duration | 3 Hours |
| Practical Marks | 30 Marks |
| Theory marks | 70 marks |
| Total no. of questions | 37 |
| Very short answer type questions (1 mark each) | 20 |
| Short answer type questions (2 marks each) | 7 |
| Long answer type -I questions (3 marks each) | 7 |
| Long answer type -II questions (5 marks each) | 3 |
CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Exam Pattern
| Exam duration | 3 Hours |
| Internal Marks | 20 Marks |
| Theory marks | 80 marks |
| Total no. of questions | 36 |
| Very short answer type questions (1 mark each) | 20 |
| Short answer type questions (2 marks each) | 6 |
| Long answer type-I questions (4 marks each) | 6 |
| Long answer type-II questions (6 marks each) | 4 |
CBSE Class 12 Biology Exam Pattern
| Exam duration | 3 Hours |
| Practical Marks | 30 Marks |
| Theory marks | 70 marks |
| Total no. of questions | 27 |
| Very short answer type questions (1 mark each) | 5 |
| Short answer type-I questions (2 marks each) | 7 |
| Short answer type-II questions (3 marks each) | 12 |
| Long answer type questions (5 marks each) | 3 |
CBSE 12th English Core Exam Pattern
| Exam duration | 3 hours |
| Maximum marks | 100 marks (80 Marks for Theory + 20 Marks for assessment of listening and speaking skills) |
| Total number of questions | 33 |
| MCQ and objective type questions (1 mark each) | 20 |
| Short Answer type-I questions (2 marks each) | 5 |
| Short Answer type -II questions (4 marks each) | 3 |
| Long Answer type questions (6 marks each) | 3 |
| Very Long Answer type questions (10 marks each) | 2 |
CBSE 12th Accountancy Exam Pattern
| Exam duration | 3 hours |
| Theory marks | 80 |
| Practical marks | 20 |
| Total number of questions | 32 |
| MCQ and objective type questions (1 mark each) | 20 |
| Short answer I type questions (3 marks each) | 2 |
| Short answer II type questions (4 marks each) | 5 |
| Long answer I type questions (6 marks each) | 3 |
| Long answer II type questions (8 marks each) | 2 |
CBSE 12th Business Studies Exam Pattern
| Exam duration | 3 hours |
| Theory marks | 80 |
| Internal marks | 20 |
| Total number of questions | 34 |
| MCQ and objective type questions (1 mark each) | 20 |
| Short answer I type questions (3 marks each) | 5 |
| Short answer II type questions (4 marks each) | 3 |
| Long answer I type questions (6 marks each) | 3 |
| Long answer II type questions (8 marks each) | 3 |
CBSE Class 12 Geography Marking Scheme
| Exam duration | 3 hours |
| Total marks | 100 marks |
| Theory marks | 70 marks |
| Practical marks | 30 marks |
CBSE 12th History Marking Scheme
| Exam duration | 3 hours |
| Total marks | 100 marks |
| Theory marks | 80 marks |
| Project work | 20 marks |
| Total number of questions | 31 |
| MCQ and objective type questions (1 mark each) | 20 |
| Short answer type questions (3 marks each) | 4 |
| Source-based questions (6 marks each) | 3 |
| Long answer type questions (8 marks each) | 3 |
| Map Work (6 marks) | 1 |
Steps to Download the CBSE 12th Admit Card 2024:
Central Board of Secondary Education provides CBSE Class 12 answer key 2024 to respective exam centres. The officials of exam centres can download the answer key through the link given by the board. Students can access the unofficial answer key 2024 through the link given above and calculate their probable scores.
CBSE will release the CBSE 12th exam results in May 2024. Students can view their scores on the CBSE 12th result on the official website: cbseresults.nic.in. They should have their admit card number, roll number, school number and test centre number to access their results.
Steps to Check the CBSE Class 12 Result 2024
Students who are unsatisfied with their scores in the CBSE Class 12 Board exams 2024 can either apply for re-evaluation or can appear in the compartment exam if they fail in one subject.
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Answer:
The difficulty level of the CBSE 12th 2024 will be moderate.
Answer:
CBSE 12th Class result 2024 will be declared in May 2024.
Answer:
The admit card is available to download online for private students on - cbse.nic.in and regular students can collect their admit cards from their respective schools.
Answer:
For this, students will have to apply for NIOS admission under Transfer of Credit.
Answer:
In the verification, the marks will be verified only along with the total. Whereas re-evaluation is a different thing in which the answers are re-checked by a teacher.
Answer:
CBSE Class 12 sample papers 2024 have been released as per the latest syllabus.
Answer:
A student will have to score at least 33% marks separately in CBSE 12th theory exam and practical exam/Internal assessment/Project work along with 33% marks in aggregate.
Answer:
You will have to study sincerely to score good marks in CBSE 12 exams and practice with CBSE 12th sample papers 2024 to boost preparation for the exams.
Answer:
It is mandatory to carry the admit card and school ID card to the exam hall.
Answer:
CBSE Class 12 exam date sheet was released on December 12, 2023.
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Thank you
Hope this information helps you.
hello,
Yes you can appear for the compartment paper again since CBSE gives three chances to a candidate to clear his/her exams so you still have two more attempts. However, you can appear for your improvement paper for all subjects but you cannot appear for the ones in which you have failed.
I hope this was helpful!
Good Luck
Hello dear,
If you was not able to clear 1st compartment and now you giving second compartment so YES, you can go for your improvement exam next year but if a student receives an improvement, they are given the opportunity to retake the boards as a private candidate the following year, but there are some requirements. First, the student must pass all of their subjects; if they received a compartment in any subject, they must then pass the compartment exam before being eligible for the improvement.
As you can registered yourself as private candidate for giving your improvement exam of 12 standard CBSE(Central Board of Secondary Education).For that you have to wait for a whole year which is bit difficult for you.
Positive side of waiting for whole year is you have a whole year to preparing yourself for your examination. You have no distraction or something which may causes your failure in the exams. In whole year you have to stay focused on your 12 standard examination for doing well in it. By this you get a highest marks as a comparison of others.
Believe in Yourself! You can make anything happen
All the very best.
Hello Student,
I appreciate your Interest in education. See the improvement is not restricted to one subject or multiple subjects and we cannot say if improvement in one subject in one year leads to improvement in more subjects in coming year.
You just need to have a revision of all subjects what you have completed in the school. have a revision and practice of subjects and concepts helps you better.
All the best.
Hi,
You just need to give the exams for the concerned two subjects in which you have got RT. There is no need to give exam for all of your subjects, you can just fill the form for the two subjects only.
011-22509256
011-22509257
011-22509259
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