TN 12th Syllabus 2025-26: Check Tamil Nadu HSC Syllabus for All Subjects

Units

Topics

Applications of Matrices and Determinants

Introduction, Inverse of a Non-Singular Square Matrix, Adjoint of a square Matrix, Properties of inverses of matrices, Row-Echelon form and others.

Complex Numbers

Introduction to Complex Numbers, Powers of the imaginary unit, Rectangular form, Properties of complex numbers, Geometrical representation of conjugate of a complex number, Properties of Complex Conjugates, others.

Theory of Equations

Introduction, Basics of Polynomial Equations, Different types of Polynomial Equations, Quadratic Equations, Vieta’s Formulae and Formation of Polynomial Equations and more.

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Introduction, Some Fundamental Concepts, Domain and Range of trigonometric functions, Graphs of functions, Amplitude and Period of a graph, Inverse functions and more.

Two-Dimensional Analytical Geometry-II

Introduction, Circle, Equation of a circle in standard form, Conics, The general equation of a Conic, Parabola, Hyperbola, Geometric description of conic section, and more.

Applications of Vector Algebra

Introduction, Geometric Introduction to Vectors, Scalar Product and Vector Product, Geometrical interpretation, Application of dot and cross products in Geometry, Vector triple product and more.

Applications of Differential Calculus

Early Developments, Meaning of Derivatives, Derivative as rate of change, Equations of Tangent and Normal, A Limit Process and more

Differentials and Partial Derivatives

Introduction, Linear Approximation and Differentials, Errors: Absolute Error, Relative Error, and Percentage Error, Differentials,

Applications of integration

Introduction, Fundamental Theorems of Integral Calculus and their Applications, Improper Integrals, Reduction Formulae, Gamma Integral, Evaluation of Bounded Plane Area by Integration

Ordinary Differential Equations

Introduction, Differential Equation, Order, and Degree, Formation of Differential Equations, Solution of First Order and First Degree Differential Equations, Applications of First Order Ordinary Differential Equations.

Units

Topics

Electrostatics

Historical background of electric charges, Coulomb’s law, Superposition principle, Electric Field, Electric dipole, Gauss Law, Electric Flux, Distribution of charges in a conductor and action at points, and more

Current Electricity

Electric Current, Ohm’s Law, Energy and power in electrical circuits, Kirchhoff’s rule, Thermoelectric current

Magnetism and magnetic effects of electric current

Basic properties of magnets, Ampere Circuital law, Lorentz force,

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current

Electromagnetic Induction, Self-Induction, Methods of producing induced emf, Transformer, Alternating Current Power in AC circuits, Oscillation in LC circuits

Electromagnetic waves

Displacement current and Maxwell’s correction to Ampere’s circuital law, Electromagnetic waves, Types of spectral emission and absorption spectrum, and Fraunhofer lines

Ray optics

Ray optics, Spherical mirrors, Refraction, Thin lens, Prism,

Wave optics

Theories on light, Wave nature of light, Interference, Diffraction, Optical instruments,

Dual nature of radiation and matter

Electron Emission, Matter waves, Photo Electric Effect, X - ray Spectra, Continuous X Ray Spectra, Characteristic X Ray Spectra

Atomic and nuclear physics

Electric Discharge Through gases Properties of Cathode Rays, Atomic Spectra, Nuclear Force, Nuclear fission, Nuclear fusion

Electronics and communication systems

Energy Band Diagram, DIODES, The Bipolar Junction Transistor, Digital Electronics, Modulation,

Units

Chapters

Metallurgy

Occurrence of metals, Concentration of ores, Extraction of crude metal, Refining process,

P-block elements -I

General trends in properties of p-block elements, Group 13 (Boron group) elements, Group 14 (Carbon group) elements,

P-block elements -II

Group 15 (Nitrogen group) elements, Oxygen, Group 17 (Halogen group) elements

Chapters

Topics

Organization

Meaning and Types of Organisation

Sole trader

Meaning of sole trader, Special features of a sole trader, Merits of a sole trader, Demerits of a sole trader.

Partnership

Definition of partnership, Special features of partnership, Similarities between sole trader and partnership, Merits and Demerits of Partnership, Types of Partnership, Kinds of Partners, Rights and Duties of partners, Partners' express and Implied authority, Partnership Deed, Dissolution of partnership, and more.

Companies I and II

Definitions, Differences between partnership and company, Kinds of companies, public company, private company, Privileges of a private company, Differences between private company and public company, Formation of a company, Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association, Prospectus, Shares, Allotment of shares, Debentures Types, Differences between Shares and Debentures.

Stock Exchange

Introduction, Procedures regarding new Issues, Stock Exchange, Investors and speculatorsDifferences, SEBI, Mutual funds, Bombay Online Trading (BOLT).

Co-operatives

Definition, Merits, and Demerits, Types of Cooperatives, Differences between companies and cooperatives.

Government in Business

Introduction, Types, Public Corporation, Government Companies, Differences between the private sector and the public sector.

Units

Topics

Introduction to Macro Economics

Introduction to Macro Economics, Meaning of macro economics, Importance of macro economics, Economic Systems, Capitalist economy

National Income

Meaning of National Income, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross National Product (GNP), Per capita Income, Real Income, GDP deflator

.Theories of Employment and Income

Theories of Employment and Income Introduction, Meaning of Full Employment, Unemployment and its types, Say’s Law of Market, and Effective Demand

Consumption and investment functions

Introduction, Consumption, Function, Meaning of Consumption function, Technical Attributes of the Consumption function, Multiplier, The Accelerator Principle

Monetary Economics

Money, Meaning, Functions of money, Supply of money, Quantity theories of money, Inflation, Meaning of inflation, Trade cycle

Banking

Commercial banks, Central Bank, NABARD and its role in Agricultural credit, Reserve Bank of India and Industrial Finance, Recent advancements in the banking sector, Money Market

International Economics

Meaning of International Economics, Subject matter of International Economics, Meaning of Trade, Gains from International Trade, Terms of Trade, Balance of Trade vs. Balance of Payments

International Economic Organisation

International monetary fund, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development of Bank or World Bank, World Trade Organization, Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Fiscal Economics

Meaning of public finance, Definitions, Subject matter, Functions of the Modern State, Public expenditure, Public Revenue

Environmental economics

Ecosystem, Pollution, Global warming,

Economics of Development and Planning

Planning, Types of planning, NITI Aayog,

Introduction to Statistical Methods and Econometrics

Etymology and milestones of statistics in the global level, Characteristics and Functions of Statistics,

Units

Chapters

Rise of Nationalism in India

Entire Unit

Rise of Extremism and the Swadeshi Movement

Entire Unit

Entire Unit

Entire Unit

Entire Unit

Entire Unit

Examination

Duration

Subjects

Part I- Language

3 Hours

Tamil, Hindi, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, Urdu, Sanskrit, Arabic, French, and German.

Part II- English

3 Hours

English

Part III- Any 4 subjects

3 Hours

Any 4 subjects from General Stream Papers or Vocational Stream Papers.