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NCERT exemplar Class 12 Maths solutions chapter 12 Linear Programming - If you often wonder what the best solution to a set of problems would be, then linear programming would help you. It is the process of achieving the best possible outcome of a mathematical model. Explore the detailed concepts in NCERT exemplar Class 12 Maths chapter 12 solutions. Students looking for NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Maths solutions chapter 12 PDF download can use the ‘Save as webpage’ feature in the browser.
Also, read - NCERT Class 12 Maths Solutions
Question:1
Determine the maximum value of subject to the constraints:
Answer:
Given that:
It is subject to constraints
Now let us convert given inequalities into equation.
We obtain following equation
The lines that represent 2x+y=6, then further meet the other axes respectively in order to get an answer. The points are to be joined to obtain the line 2x+y=6. It is then further clarified that the equation is satisfied. Then the region that contains the origin is then represented by the set of solutions of the inequation
The region represented by
The line which is parallel to the Y-axis then meets the X-axis which comes at X=2. Hence, it is clarified that (0,0) satisfies the inequation.
After plotting the equation graphically, we get an answer:
Coming to the conclusion, when we substitute the values in Z at the corner points, we get the following answer:
Therefore, the final answer is the maximum value of Z is 42 at the point (0,6).
Question:2
Maximise , subject to the constraints:
Answer:
Following is the answer
It is subject to constraints
Now let us convert the given inequalities into equation.
We obtain the following equation
The part represented by
One of the lines that is x+y=1 meets the axes (0,1) and (1,0) respectively. Then the lines are joined to obtain the line that is x+y=1. Therefore, it is clear that (0,0) the equation satisfies
The region that is represented by is first quadrant, and further satisfies these inequations. The graphic plotting is given below:
The shaded region OBC shows the feasible region is bounded, so, maximum value will occur at a corner point of the feasible region.
Corner Points are
When we substitute the values in Z, we get the following answer
Hence, the maximum value of Z is 4 at the point (0,1).
Question:3
Maximize the function , subject to the constraints:
Answer:
It is subject to constraints
Now let us convert the given inequalities into equation
We obtain the following equation
The region represented by x≤3:
The line is parallel to the Y-axis and then meets the X-axis at the point x=3. Then it further gives a clarification that it satisfies the inequation in the problem that is. The region then represents the origin and the set of the inequation
The region that is represented by
The line that is parallel to the x-axis meets the y-axis. The part that contains the region represents the solution set of the other inequation
Therefore, the region that represents the is first quadrant and satisfies the inequations. After plotting the graph we get
The shaded region OBCD is the feasible region is bounded, so, maximum value will occur at a corner point of the feasible region.
Corner Points are
Now we will substitute these values in Z at each of these corner points, we get
Therefore, the final answer is that the value of Z is 47 at the point of (3,2).
Question:4
Minimise subject to the constraints:
Answer:
It is given that:
It is subject to constraints
Now let us convert the given inequalities into equation
We obtain the following equation
The region which is represented by
The line in the sum meets the coordinate axes (7,0) and (0,7) respectively. If we join the lines, we will get the other line that is x + y =7. And then it is further clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation. Then the origin represents the solution for the set of the inequation
The region represented by
The line 2x-3y+6=0 collides with the other axes to coordinate (-3,0) and (0,2) respectively. Then the lines are joined further to obtain the line 2x-3y+6=0. So, the part that contains the origin then represents the other solution set of the inequation
Looking at the graph we get,
The shaded region OBCD is the feasible region is bounded, so, minimum value will occur at a corner point of the feasible region.
Corner Points are O(0,0), B(0,2), C(3,4) and D(7,0)
Now we will substitute these values in Z at each of these corner points, we get
So, the final answer of the question is the minimum value of Z is -30 at the point of (0,2).
Question:5
Determine the maximum value of if the feasible region (shaded) for a LPP is shown in Fig.12.7.
Answer:
From the question, it is given that
The figure that is given above, from that we can come to a constraint that
Now let us convert the given inequalities into equation
We obtain the following equation
The region represented by
We can say that the line meets the coordinate axes (76,0) and (0,38) respectively. When we join the points to further get the required line we get the line
. Then, we can say that it is clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation
. And then origin is represented by the solution set of inequation
The region represented by
The line that has 2x +y=104 then meets the other coordinate axes (52,0) and (0,104) simultaneously. Then we need to join the points to get the result of 2x +y=104. The origin then represents the solution set further of the inequation
The first quadrant of the region represented is
The graph of the equation is given below:
The shaded region ODBA is the feasible region is bounded, so, maximum value will occur at a corner point of the feasible region.
Corner Points are O(0,0), D(0,38), B(44,16) and A(52,0)
Now we will substitute these values in Z at each of these corner points, we get
Hence, the maximum value of Z is 196 at the point (44,16)
Question:6
Feasible region (shaded) for a LPP is shown in Fig. 12.8. Maximise
Answer:
Following is the equation:
Z=5x+7y
The region that is shaded is OABD in the diagram that is being given. The maximum value of the corner point will occur at the feasible point.
When we substitute these values in Z, we get the corner points, we get:
Therefore, the final answer is the maximum value of Z is 43 at the point (3,4)
Question:7
The feasible region for a LPP is shown in Fig. 12.9. Find the minimum value of
Answer:
The following is given that:
It is subject to constraints
Now let us convert the given inequalities into equation
We obtain the following equation
The region represented by x + y ≤ 5:
The line that shows , then meets the axes that coordinate (5,0) and (0,5) respectively. We need to join the points in order to obtain the line
. Hence, it is clarified that (0,0) then satisfies the inequation
. Therefore, the region that has the origin represents the solution set of
.
The region that is represented by
The line that is meets the coordinate axes (9,0) and (0,3) respectively to get the final answer. When we join the points we get the line
. Therefore, it is then clear that the region doesn’t contain the origin and represents the solution set of the inequation.
The graph is further given below:
The shaded region BEC is the feasible region is bounded, so, minimum value will occur at a corner point of the feasible region.
Corner Points are B(0,3), E(0,5) and C(3,2)
Now we will substitute these values in Z at each of these corner points, we get
Hence, the minimum value of Z is 21 at the point (0,3)
Question:8
Refer to Exercise 7 above. Find the maximum value of Z.
Answer:
It is given below that:
The figure that is given above, we can see the subject to constraints
Now let us convert the given inequalities into equation
We obtain the following equation
The region which represents is explained below:
The line that is x+y=5, when meets the coordinate axes we get (9,0) and (0,3) respectively. After joining these points, we get the further line that is x+3y=9. The region does not represent the solution set.
The region that represents the first quadrant is
The graph for the same is given below:
The shaded region BEC is the feasible region is bounded, so, minimum value will occur at a corner point of the feasible region.
Corner Points are B(0,3), E(0,5) and C(3,2)
Now we will substitute these values in Z at each of these corner points, we get
Question:9
Answer:
It is subject to constraints
Now let us convert the given inequalities into equation
We obtain the following equation
The region representing
The line that is meets the other coordinate axes (4,0) and (0,2) respectively. Once we join these points we get the result
. After joining the lines, it is then clarified that it does not satisfy the inequation
. So, then the region that does not contain the origin then represents the set of solutions.
The region that is represented by
The other line that is meets the coordinate axes (3,0) and (0,3) respectively. When we join these points we obtain the line
. It is then cleared that it does not satisfy the inequation. Therefore, the region that does not contain the origin further represents the solution set.
Region represented by is first quadrant, since every point in the first quadrant satisfies these inequations
The graph of these equations is given.
The shaded region ABC is the feasible region is bounded, so, minimum value will occur at a corner point of the feasible region.
Corner Points are A(0,3), B(2,1), and C(4,0) .
When we see the region, we can see that it is unbounded, and 3 is not the minimum value of Z.
When we decide this issue, we can graph the inequality 4x + y < 3 and then further check that whether the resulting does has the open half no point in common, otherwise Z has no minimum value.
The graph that is shown above, we can see that it is clear that there is no point in common with the region and therefore, Z has a minimum value of 3 at (0, 3).
Henceforth, the minimum value of Z is 3 at the point (0, 3).
Question:10
Answer:
It is given that:
The figure that is given above, from that we can see that the shaded region is feasible and is bounded, so the maximum and the minimum point will occur at the corner point.
Question:11
Answer:
We can assume that the manufacturer produces x units of type A circuits and y units of type B circuits. We have made the following table from the data that is given to us:
From the table, we can see that the profit becomes,
The constraints that we got, i.e. the subject to the constraints,
[this is resistor constraint]
When we divide it throughout by 10, we get:
And [this is transistor constraint]
After that when we divide it through 10, we get
And [non-negative constraint]
So, the maximum profit is
subject to
Question:12
Answer:
Let us consider that the firm has X number of large vans and Y number of small vans . We have made the following table:
Looking at the table, we can see that the cost becomes Z=400x+200y.
Now when we minimize the cost, i.e. minimize
The subject to constraints are:
When we divide it by 40, we get:
Now will divide throughout by 200, we get
Also given the number of large vans cannot exceed the number of small vans
And [non-negative constraint]
So, minimize cost we have to minimize subject to
Question:13
On selling these screws, the company gets a profit of Rs 100 per box on type A screws and Rs 170 per box on type B screws.
Formulate this problem as a LPP given that the objective is to maximise profit.
Answer:
Let’s assume that the company manufactures X boxes of type A screws and Y boxes of type B screws. Look at the following table:
According to the table, we can see that profit becomes
Now, we have to maximize the profit, i.e., maximize
The constraints so obtained, i.e., subject to the constraints,
[time constraints for threading machine]
Now will divide throughout by 2, we get
And [time constraints for slotting machine]
And [non-negative constraint]
So, to maximize profit we have to maximize subject to
Question:14
Answer:
Let’s take an assumption that the company manufactures x number of type A sweaters and y number of type B. We have made a table for your understanding which is given below:
If we look at the table, we can see that the profit becomes
If we have to maximize the profit, then maximize
The constraints so obtained, i.e., subject to the constraints,
The company spends at most Rs 72000 a day.
Divide throughout by 120, we get
Also, company can make at most 300 sweaters.:
Also, the number of sweaters of type B cannot exceed the number of sweaters of type A by more than 100
.....(iii)
And [non-negative constraint]
So, to maximize profit we have to maximize subject to
Question:15
Answer:
If we see the man rides his motorcycle for a distance of X km at a speed of 50km/hr then he will have to spend Rs.2 per km for petrol.
If we assume that the man rides his motorcycle for a distance of Y km at a speed of 80km/hr, then he will need to spend Rs.3 per km on petrol.
Assuming that he has to spend Rs.120 on petrol for a total distance so the constraint becomes,
Now also given he has at most one hour's time for total distance to be covered, so the constraint becomes
Now taking the LCM as 400, we get
..........(ii)
And [non-negative constraint]
He want to find out the maximum distance travelled, here total distance,
Now, we have to maximize the distance, i.e., maximize
So, to maximize distance we have to maximize, , subject to
Question:16
Answer:
If we refer to Exercise 11, we get the following information.
The manufacturer produces X units of type A circuits and y units of type B circuits. We make the following table from the given data:
Looking at the table, we can see that profit becomes .
When we maximize the profit, i.e. maximize .
If we see at the constraints that we have obtained, then the subject to constraints,
[this is resistor constraint]
Dividing it throughout by 10, we get the answer as:
And [this is transistor constraint]
Dividing it by 10 throughout we get
And [this is capacitor constraint]
Then divide it by 10, we get
And [non-negative constraint]
So, when we look at the maximize profit it is , subject to
When we convert it to equation, we get the following equation
The region that is represented by :
When the line meets the coordinate axes (10,0) and (0,20) respectively. Once after the lines are joined, we obtain the line
. It is clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation
. So the region then represents the set of solutions.
The region represented by :
Once the line meets the coordinate axes (12,0) and (0,6) respectively, then the points are joined to get the final result that is
. It is then clear that it satisfies the inequation and the region does not contain the origin.
The region represented by
The line then meets the coordinate axes (15,0) and (0,5) respectively. Once we join these points we obtain the line
. It is clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation x+3y≤ 15. So the region that contains the origin represents the solution set of the inequation
.
Region represented by x≥0 and y≥0 is first quadrant, since every point in the first quadrant satisfies these inequations
The graph of the same is given below:
The shaded region OABCD is the feasible region is bounded, so, maximum value will occur at a corner point of the feasible region.
Corner Points are O(0,0), A(0,5) , B(6,3), C(9.3,1.3) and D(10,0)
Now we will substitute these values in Z at each of these corner points, we get
So from the above table the maximum value of Z is at point (9.3,1.3), but as the manufacturer is required to produce two type of circuits, so the parts of resistors, transistors and capacitors cannot be decimals. So we will consider the next maximum number.
Hence, the maximum value of Z is 480 at the point (6,3) i.e., the manufacturer should produce 6 circuits of type A and 3 circuits of type B so as to maximize his profit.
Question:17
Refer to Exercise 12. What will be the minimum cost?
Answer:
We get the following information referring to the exercise 12:
Let us consider that the firm has X number of large vans and Y number of small vans . We have made the following table:
According to the table, the cost becomes .
When we have to minimize the cost, i.e., minimize .
The subject to the constraints are as follows:
Then divide it by 40, we get
Then divide it by 200, we get
The number of the vans that are large exceed the number of small vans
So, when we minimize cost we have to minimize, Z=400x+200y, subject to
When we convert the inequalities into equation, we get the following equation
We can see the region represented by :
The line that is when it meets the coordinate axes (6,0) and (0,15) respectively we get the desired answer. We will then join these points to obtain the line 5x+2y=30. It is clear that (0,0) does not satisfy the inequation
. So the region that does not contain the origin represents the solution set of the inequation
.
The region that represents :
We can see that the line meets the coordinate axes (7.5,0) and (0,15) respectively. We will have to join these points to obtain the line
. It is clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation
. So the region that contains the origin represents the solution set of the inequation
.
The region represented by x≤y:
Then when the line x=y is a line that passes through the origin and doesn’t touch any coordinate axes at any other point except (0,0). When we join the points we get line x=y.
Region represented by x≥0 and y≥0 is first quadrant, since every point in the first quadrant satisfies these inequations
The shaded region ABC represents the feasible region is bounded, and minimum value will occur at a corner point of the feasible region.
Now we will substitute these values in Z at each of these corner points, we get
So from the above table the minimum value of Z is at point
Hence, the minimum cost of the firm is Rs. 2571.43
Question:18
Answer:
Refer to the Exercise 13, we get the following data:
Let us assume that the company manufactures x boxes of type A screws and y boxes of type B screws. We make the following table from the given data:
Type A screws (x boxes) | Type B screws (y boxes) | Max time available on each machine in a week | |
Time required for screws on threading machine | 2 | 8 | 60 hrs = 60*60min = 3600min |
Time required for screws on slotting machine | 3 | 3 | 60 hrs = 60*60min = 3600min |
Profit | Rs 100 | Rs170 |
When we look at the table, the profit becomes, Z=100x+170y
Thus according to the table, the profit becomes, Z=100x+170y
The constraints that we have obtained that is subject to constraints:
[time constraints for threading machine]
Divide it throughout by 2, we get
And [time constraints for slotting machine]
…………..(ii)
And x≥0, y≥0 [non-negative constraint]
So, to maximize profit we have to maximize, Z=100x+170y, subject to
Now let us convert the given inequalities into equation.
We obtain the following equation
The region that represents x+4y≤ 1800:
We can say that the line meets the coordinate axes (1800,0) and (0,450) respectively. When we join these points, we get the desired line that is
. We can say that it is clear that it satisfies the inequation and therefore the region that contains the origin further represents the set of solutions of the inequation.
The region represented by :
The line further meets the axes (1200,0) and (0,1800) respectively. After joining these points, we get the result that is
. It is then clear that it satisfies the inequation
. So the region that contains the origin represents the solution set of the inequation
.
The graph is given below:
The shaded region OBCD is the feasible region is bounded, so, maximum value will occur at a corner point of the feasible region.
Corner Points are O(0,0), B(0,450), C(1080,180) and D(1200,0)
Now we will substitute these values in Z at each of these corner points, we get
So from the above table the maximum value of Z is at point (1080,180) .
Therefore, the final answer is maximum profit to the manufacturer is Rs.
1,38,600
Question:19
Answer:
When we refer to the exercise, we get the following information:
Let’s take an assumption that the company manufactures x number of type A sweaters and y number of type B. We have made a table for your understanding which is given below:
Thus according to the table, the profit becomes, Z=200x+120y
If we have to maximize the profit, i.e., maximize Z=200x+120y
The subject to constraints is:
The company spends at most Rs 72000 a day
.
Divide throughout by 120, we get
Also, company can make at most 300 sweaters.:
Also, the number of sweaters of type $B$ cannot exceed the number of sweaters of type A by more than 100
i.e.,
And [non-negative constraint]
So, when we convert the inequalities into the equation we get the following answer:
We can say that the line 3x+y=600 meets the coordinate axes (200,0) and (0,600) respectively. Once the points are joined, we get the answer that is 3x+y=600. It is justified that 3x+y≤ 600. So the region that contain the origin represents the solution set of the inequation 3x+y≤ 600
The region represented by x+y≤ 300:
The line when it meets the coordinate axes respectively that is y= 100+x meets (-100,0) and (0,100) respectively and when the lines are joined we get the line y= 100+x. Then it is clarified that it satisfies the inequation. Therefore, the region contains the origin that represents the solution of sets of inequation.
The graph of the same is given:
The shaded region OBCDE is the feasible region is bounded, so, minimum value will occur at a corner point of the feasible region.
Corner Points are O(0,0), B(0,100), C(100,200) , D(150,150) and E(200,0)
Now we will substitute these values in Z at each of these corner points, we get
Hence, the final answer is the maximum profit to the manufacturer is Rs. 48,000, for making 150 sweaters each of type A and type B.
Question:20
Refer to Exercise 15. Determine the maximum distance that the man can travel.
Answer:
When we refer to the Exercise, we get the following information:
If the man rides his motorcycle for a distance of x km at a speed of 50km/hr then he has to spend Rs. 2/km on petrol.
And if he rides his motorcycle for a distance of y km at a speed of 80 km/hr then he has to spend Rs. 3/km on petrol.
He has Rs.120 to spend on petrol for covering the total distance so the constraint becomes
2x+3y≤120…………(i)
Given that he has only one hour’s time to cover the total distance, then the constraint becomes
{as distance speed x time}
Now taking the LCM as 400, we get
And [non-negative constraint]
He want to find out the maximum distance travelled, here total distance,
Now, we have to maximize the distance, i.e., maximize
So, to maximize distance we have to maximize, ,$ subject to
When we convert it into equation we get
The region that is represented by 2x+3y≤120:
The line that is 2x+3y=120 further meets the coordinate axes (60,0) and (0,40) respectively and then when we will join these points we obtain the line 2x+3y=120. It is clear that (0,0) justifies the inequation 2x+3y≤120. So the region that contain the origin represents the solution set of the inequation 2x+3y≤120
The region represented by 8x+5y≤400:
We can see that the line 8x+5y=400 meets the coordinate axes (50,0) and (0,80) respectively. When we join these points we obtain the line 8x+5y=400. Therefore, it is clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation 8x+5y≤400. So the region that contain the origin represents the solution set of the inequation 8x+5y≤400
The first quadrant of the region represented is x≥0 and y≥0. The graph is as follows:
The shaded region OBCD is the feasible region is bounded, and maximum value will occur at a corner point of the feasible region.
Corner Points are
When we substitute the values in Z, we get the following answer:
So from the above table the maximum value of Z is at point
Hence, the maximum distance the man can travel is or 54.3 km
Question:21
Answer:
It is given that:
And it is also subject to constraints that is given below:
We have to maximize Z, we are subject to the constraints above.
We need to convert the inequalities into equation to get the following equation:
The region that represents is explained below:
The line meets the coordinate axes (8,0) and (0,2) respectively. We will join these points to obtain the line
. It is clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation
. So, the region containing the origin represents the solution set of the inequation
The region that represents :
The line that is then meets the coordinate axes respectively to get the answer. When we join the points we obtain the line
. It is clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation
. So, the region containing the origin represents the solution set of the inequation
.
The region that represents :
The line meets the coordinate axes that is meets (3,0) and (0,9) respectively. After joining the lines, we get
and then it is clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation. The region that contains the origin is represented by the solution set of
.
The graph for the same is given below and also the final answer:
Question:22
Answer:
Let us say that the number of bikes per week of model X and Y are x and y respectively.
Assuming that model X takes 6 man-hours.
So, time taken by x bikes of model X = 6x hours.
Assuming that model Y takes 10 man-hours.
So, time taken by y bikes of model X = 10y hours.
So, the total man-hour that is available per week = 450
So, 6x + 10y ≤ 450
3x + 5y ≤ 225
The handling and the marketing cost of model X and Y is Rs 2000 and Rs 1000 per unit respectively.
So, total handling and marketing cost of x units of model X and y units of model y is 2000x + 1000y
The maximum amount that is available for handling and marketing per week is Rs 80000.
So,
Profits per unit for Models X and Y are Rs 1000 and Rs 500, Respectively.
Let total profit = Z
So,
Also, as units will be positive numbers so x, y ≥ 0
So, we have,
With constraints,
In order to maximize Z, that is subject to constraints.
We need to convert it into equation:
The graph for the same is given below:
ABCD being the feasible region.
The Value of Z as well as the final answer is given below.
The Value of Z at corner points A,B,C and D :
So, value of Z is maximum on-line BC, the maximum value is 40000 . So manufacturer must produce 25 number of models X and 30 number of model Y.
Question:23
The person needs at least 18 milligrams of iron, 21 milligrams of calcium and 16 milligrams of vitamins. The price of each tablet of X and Y is Rs 2 and Re 1 respectively. How many tablets of each should the person take in order to satisfy the above requirement at the minimum cost?
Answer:
Let us say that the number of tablet X be x and the number of tablet Y be y.
Iron content in X and Y tablets is 6 mg and 2 mg respectively.
Total iron content from x and y tablets = 6x + 2y
Minimum of 18 mg of iron is required. So, we have
Similarly, calcium content in X and Y tablets is 3 mg each respectively.
So, total calcium content from x and y tablets = 3x + 3y
Minimum of 21 mg of calcium is required. So, we have
Also, vitamin content in X and Y tablet is 2 mg and 4 mg respectively.
So, total vitamin content from x and y tablets = 2x + 4y
Minimum of 16 mg of vitamin is required. So, we have
Also, as number of tablets should be non-negative so, we have,
x, y ≥ 0
Cost of each tablet of X and Y is Rs 2 and Re 1 respectively.
Let total cost = Z
So, Z = 2x + y
Finally, we have,
Constraints,
We need to minimize Z, subject to the given constraints.
Now let us convert the given inequalities into equation.
We obtain the following equation
The region that is representing 3x + y ≥ 9 is the line 3x + y = 9 meets the coordinate axes (3,0) and (0,9) respectively. Once the points are joined, the lines are obtained 3x + y = 9. It does not satisfy the inequation and so the region that contains the origin then represents the solution set of the inequation 3x + y ≥ 9.
The region that is representing x + y ≥ 7 is the line x + y = 7 meets the coordinate axes (7,0) and (0,7) respectively. Once the points are joined, the lines are obtained v It does not satisfy the inequation and so the region that contains the origin then represents the solution set of the inequation x + y ≥ 7.
The region representing x + 2y ≥ 8 is the line x + 2y = 8 meets the coordinate axes (8,0) and (0,4) respectively. We will join these points to obtain the line x + 2y = 8. It is clear that (0,0) does not satisfy the inequation x + 2y ≥ 8. So, the region not containing the origin represents the solution set of the inequation x + 2y ≥ 8.
The regions that represent x≥0 and y≥0 is first quadrant, since every point in the first quadrant satisfies these inequations.
Given below is the graph:
The region towards the right of ABCD is the feasible region. It is unbounded in this case.
Value of Z at corner points A,B,C and D :
Now, we check if to check if resulting open half has any point common with feasible region.
The region represented by :
The line meets the coordinate axes (4,0) and (0,8) respectively. We will join these points to obtain the line
. It is clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation
. So, the region not containing the origin represents the solution set of the inequation
.
Clearly, intersects feasible region only at B.
So, does not have any point inside feasible region.
So, value of Z is minimum at B(1,6), the minimum value is 8 .
So, number of tablets that should be taken of type X and Y is 1,6 Respectively.
Question:24
Answer:
Taking into consideration that Let number of days for which factory I operate be x and number of days for which factory II operates be y.
Number of calculators made by factory I and II of model A are 50 and 40 respectively.
Minimum number of calculators of model A required = 6400
So, 50x + 40y ≥ 6400
⇒ 5x + 4y ≥ 640
Number of calculators made by factory I and II of model B are 50 and 20 respectively.
Minimum number of calculators of model B required = 4000
So, 50x + 20y ≥ 4000
⇒ 5x + 2y ≥ 400
Number of calculators made by factory I and II of model C are 30 and 40 respectively.
Minimum number of calculators of model C requires = 4800
So,
Operating costs is Rs 12000 and Rs 15000 each day to operate factory I and II respectively.
Let Z be total operating cost so we have Z = 12000x + 15000y
Also, number of days are non-negative so, x, y ≥ 0
So, we have,
Constraints,
We need to minimize Z, subject to the given constraints.
Now let us convert the given inequalities into equation.
We obtain the following equation
The region that represents the 5x + 4y ≥ 640.
The line 5x + 4y = 640 meets the coordinate axes (128,0) and (0,160) respectively to get the final outcome. When we join these points to obtain the line 5x + 4y = 640. It is then clear that (0,0) does not satisfy the inequation 5x + 4y ≥ 640. So, the region not containing the origin represents the solution set of the inequation 5x + 4y ≥ 640.
The region that represents the 5x + 2y ≥ 400:
The line 5x + 2y = 400 meets the coordinate axes (80,0) and (0,200) respectively. We will join these points to obtain the line 5x + 2y = 400. It is justified that (0,0) does not satisfy the inequation 5x + 2y ≥ 400. So, the region not containing the origin represents the solution set of the inequation 5x + 2y ≥ 400.
The region represented by 3x + 4y ≥ 480:
The line that 3x + 4y = 480 when meets the coordinate axes (160,0) and (0,120) respectively. We will then try and join these points to obtain the line 3x + 4y = 480. It is clear that (0,0) does not justify the inequation 3x + 4y ≥ 480. So, the region not containing the origin represents the solution set of the inequation 3x + 4y ≥ 480.
The graph is:
The region towards the right of ABCD is the feasible region. It is unbounded in this case.
The value of Z at the corner points, is
Now, we plot to check if resulting open half has any point common with feasible region.
The region represented by
The line meets the coordinate axes (155,0) and (0,124) respectively. We will join these points to obtain the line $
. It is clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation
. So, the region containing the origin represents the solution set of the inequation
.
Clearly, intersects feasible region only at C
So, value of Z is minimum at C(80,60), the minimum value is 1860000 .
So, number of days factory 1 is required to operate is 80 and number of days factory 2 should operate is 60 to minimize the cost.
Question:25
Maximise and Minimise Z = 3x - 4y
subject to
Answer:
We need to maximize and minimize Z, subject to the given constraints.
Now let us convert the given inequalities into equations.
We obtain the following equation
We have constraints,
We need to maximize and minimize Z, subject to the given constraints.
Now let us convert the given inequalities into equations.
We obtain the following equation
The further explanation of the same is given below:
The region represented by x – 2y ≤ 0:
The line x - 2y = 0 meets the coordinate axes at origin and slope of the line is . We will construct a line passing through origin and whose slope is
. As point (1,1) satisfies the inequality. So, the side of the line which contains (1,1) is feasible. Hence, the solution set of the inequation x – 2y ≤ 0 is the side which contains (1,1).
The region represented by – 3x + y ≤ 4:
The line – 3x + y = 4 meets the coordinate axes and (0,4) respectively. We will join these points to obtain the line -3x + y = 4. It is clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation – 3x + y ≤ 4. So, the region containing the origin represents the solution set of the inequation – 3x + y ≤ 4.
The region represented by x – y ≤ 6:
The line x – y = 6 then meets the coordinate axes (6,0) and (0,-6) respectively. We will join these points to obtain the line x – y = 6. It is clear that (0,0) satisfies the inequation x – y ≤ 6. So, the region containing the origin represents the solution set of the inequation x – y ≤ 6.
The graph for the same is given below:
The feasible region is region between line above BC and to the right of y axis as shown.
Feasible region is unbounded.
Corner points are A, B, C
Value of Z at corner points A, B, C and D –
So, maximum value of Z at corner points is 12 at C and minimum is -16 at A.
So, to check if the solution is correct, we plot 3 x-4 y>12 and 3 x-4 y<-16 for maximum and minimum respectively.
The region represented by 3 x-4 y>12
The line that is 3x – 4y = 12 meets the coordinate axes (4,0) and (0,-3) respectively. When we join these points, we get the line 3x – 4y > 12. It is clear that (0,0) does not satisfy the inequation 3x – 4y > 12. So, the region not containing the origin represents the solution set of the inequation 3x – 4y > 12.
The region represented by 3x – 4y <-16:
The line 3x – 4y = -16 meets the coordinate axes and (0,4) respectively. We will join these points to obtain the line 3x – 4y <-16. It is clear that (0,0) does not satisfy the inequation 3x – 4y <-16. So, the region not containing the origin represents the solution set of the inequation 3x – 4y <-16.
We get the following answer:
Clearly, has no point inside feasible region, but
passes through the feasible region.
Therefore, Z has no minimum value it has only a maximum value which is 12.
Question:26
Compare the quantity in Column A and Column B.
A. The quantity in column A is greater
B. The quantity in column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined on the basis of the information supplied
Answer:
B)
The quantity in column B is greater
Corner points- (0, 0), (0, 40), (20, 40), (60, 20), (60, 0)
A feasible region is bounded.
Value of Z at corner points-
At (0, 0), Z = 0
At (0, 40), Z = 120
At (20, 40), Z = 200
At (60, 20), Z = 300
At (60, 0), Z = 240
Clearly, the maximum value of Z is 300, which is less than 325.
Question:27
The feasible solution for a LPP is shown in Fig. 12.12. Let Z = 3x – 4y be the
objective function. Minimum of Z occurs at
A. (0, 0)
B. (0, 8)
C. (5, 0)
D. (4, 10)
Answer:
B)
Answer
Value of Z = 3x – 4y, at corner points are –
At (0, 0) = 0
At (0, 8) = -32
At (4, 10) = -28
At (6, 8) = -14
At (6, 5) = -2
At (5, 0) = 15
So, clearly minimum value is at (0, 8)
Question:28
Refer to Exercise 27. Maximum of Z occurs at
A. (5, 0)
B. (6, 5)
C. (6, 8)
D. (4, 10)
Answer:
Correct Answer A
Answer
Value of Z = 3x – 4y, at corner points are –
At (0, 0) = 0
At (0, 8) = -32
At (4, 10) = -28
At (6, 8) = -14
At (6, 5) = -2
At (5, 0) = 15
So, clearly maximum value is at (5, 0)
Question:29
Refer to Exercise 27. (Maximum value of Z + Minimum value of Z) is equal to
A. 13
B. 1
C. – 13
D. – 17
Answer:
Correct Answer D)
Answer:
Value of Z = 3x – 4y, at corner points are –
At (0, 0) = 0
At (0, 8) = -32
At (4, 10) = -28
At (6, 8) = -14
At (6, 5) = -2
At (5, 0) = 15
So, clearly maximum value is at (5, 0)
Maximum value = 15,
Minimum value = -32
So, maximum + minimum = 15 -32
= -17
Question:30
The feasible region for an LPP is shown in the Fig. 12.13. Let F = 3x – 4y be the objective function. Maximum value of F is.
A. 0
B. 8
C. 12
D. – 18
Answer:
Correct Answer C)
Answer:
F = 3x – 4y
Corner points are (0, 0), (0, 4), (12, 6)
Value of F at corner points –
At (0, 0), F = 0
At (0, 4), F = -16
At (12, 6), F = 12
Clearly, the maximum value of F = 12.
Question:31
Refer to Exercise 30. Minimum value of F is
A. 0
B. – 16
C. 12
D. does not exist
Answer:
Correct Answer B)
Answer:
F = 3x – 4y
Corner points are (0, 0), (0, 4), (12, 6)
Value of F at corner points –
At (0, 0), F = 0
At (0, 4), F = -16
At (12, 6), F = 12
Clearly, the minimum value of F = – 16.
Question:32
Corner points of the feasible region for an LPP are (0, 2), (3, 0), (6, 0), (6, 8) and (0, 5). Let F = 4x + 6y be the objective function.
The Minimum value of F occurs at
A. (0, 2) only
B. (3, 0) only
C. the midpoint of the line segment joining the points (0, 2) and (3, 0) only
D. any point on the line segment joining the points (0, 2) and (3, 0).
Answer:
Correct Answer D)
Answer:
F = 4x + 6y
Corner points - (0, 2), (3, 0), (6, 0), (6, 8) and (0, 5).
Value of F at corner points –
At (0, 2), F = 12
At (3, 0), F = 12
At (6, 0), F = 24
At (6, 8), F = 72
At (0, 5), F = 30
Feasible region –
As, feasible region to be bounded so it is a closed polygon.
So, minimum values of F = 12 are at (3, 0) and (0, 2).
Therefore, the minimum value of F occurs at any point on the line segment joining the points (0, 2) and (3, 0).
Question:33
Refer to Exercise 32, Maximum of F – Minimum of F =
A. 60
B. 48
C. 42
D. 18
Answer:
Correct Answer A)
Answer:
F = 4x + 6y
Corner points - (0, 2), (3, 0), (6, 0), (6, 8) and (0, 5).
Value of F at corner points –
At (0, 2), F = 12
At (3, 0), F = 12
At (6, 0), F = 24
At (6, 8), F = 72
At (0, 5), F = 30
Feasible region –
Considering, feasible region to be bounded so it is a closed polygon.
Minimum value of F = 12
Maximum value of F = 72
So, Maximum of F – Minimum of F = 60.
Question:34
Corner points of the feasible region determined by the system of linear constraints are (0, 3), (1, 1) and (3, 0). Let , where p, q > 0. Condition on p and q so that the minimum of Z occurs at (3, 0) and (1, 1) is
A. p = 2q
B. p = q/2
C. p = 3q
D. p = q
Answer:
Given,
Given, minimum occurs at (3, 0) and (1, 1).
For a minimum to occur at two points the value of Z at both points should be the same.
So, value of Z at (3, 0) = value of Z at (1, 1)
⇒ 3p = p + q
⇒ 2p = q
So, option B is correct.
Question:35
Answer:
In a LPP, the linear inequalities or restrictions on the variables are called linear constraints.
Question:36
Fill in the blanks in each of the Exercise.
In a LPP, the objective function is always _________
Answer:
In a LPP, the objective function is always linear.
Question:37
Answer:
If the feasible region for a LPP is unbounded, then the optimal value of the objective function Z = ax + by may or may not exist.
Question:38
Answer:
In a LPP if the objective function Z = ax + by has the same maximum value on two corner points of the feasible region, then every point on the line segment joining these two points give the same maximum value
Question:39
Answer:
A feasible region of a system of linear inequalities is said to be bounded if it can be enclosed within a circle.
Question:40
Answer:
A corner point of a feasible region is a point in the region which is the intersection of two boundary lines.
Question:41
Answer:
The feasible region for an LPP is always a convex polygon.
Question:42
Answer:
True
If the feasible region is unbounded then we may or may not have a maximum or minimum of objective function, but if we have a maximum or a minimum value then it must be at one of the corner points only.
Question:43
Answer:
False.
Maximum value or minimum value can occur at more than one point. In such all the points lie on a line segment and are part of the boundary of the feasible region.
Question:44
Answer:
False.
Minimum value of objective function can also be negative if the coefficient of x or y is negative. So, it is not necessary that the minimum value of objective function will be zero.
Question:45
Answer:
False.
In a LPP, the maximum value of the objective function may or may not be finite. It depends on the feasible region. If a feasible region is unbounded then we can also have infinite maximum value of objective function.
Class 12 Maths NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 12 introduces us to the definition of Linear programming as a mathematical modelling technique in which a function is deemed maximum or minimum when subjected to several constraints. The solution of a linear programming problem targets finding the optimal value of a linear expression.
While some linear programming are quick and does not require a pen and a paper, quite often, the calculations and variables become too complicated but don't worry; NCERT exemplar solutions for Class 12 Maths chapter 12 provided on this page would always give you a quick head-start and aid you in doing well in your 12 board exams and competitive exams.
The topics and subtopics are as follows:
Chapter 1 | |
Chapter 2 | |
Chapter 3 | |
Chapter 4 | |
Chapter 5 | |
Chapter 6 | |
Chapter 7 | |
Chapter 8 | |
Chapter 9 | |
Chapter 10 | |
Chapter 11 | |
Chapter 12 | Linear Programming |
Chapter 13 |
These days linear programming is helpful in almost every field and industry from finance to engineering to medicine. Learning this chapter will help in getting a better understanding of mathematical modeling.
Yes, these NCERT exemplar Class 12 Maths solutions chapter 12 are helpful in the preparation of all types of engineering entrance exams like JEE Main and others.
These solutions are prepared by our highly experienced experts and teachers, who have years of experience and knowledge regarding NCERT and CBSE pattern and requirement.
Yes, the NCERT exemplar solutions for Class 12 Maths chapter 12 given here are exhaustive with each step mentioned in complete detail. The solutions are also as per the CBSE guidelines and pattern.
Application Date:20 November,2023 - 19 December,2023
Application Date:20 November,2023 - 19 December,2023
hello,
Yes you can appear for the compartment paper again since CBSE gives three chances to a candidate to clear his/her exams so you still have two more attempts. However, you can appear for your improvement paper for all subjects but you cannot appear for the ones in which you have failed.
I hope this was helpful!
Good Luck
Hello dear,
If you was not able to clear 1st compartment and now you giving second compartment so YES, you can go for your improvement exam next year but if a student receives an improvement, they are given the opportunity to retake the boards as a private candidate the following year, but there are some requirements. First, the student must pass all of their subjects; if they received a compartment in any subject, they must then pass the compartment exam before being eligible for the improvement.
As you can registered yourself as private candidate for giving your improvement exam of 12 standard CBSE(Central Board of Secondary Education).For that you have to wait for a whole year which is bit difficult for you.
Positive side of waiting for whole year is you have a whole year to preparing yourself for your examination. You have no distraction or something which may causes your failure in the exams. In whole year you have to stay focused on your 12 standard examination for doing well in it. By this you get a highest marks as a comparison of others.
Believe in Yourself! You can make anything happen
All the very best.
Hello Student,
I appreciate your Interest in education. See the improvement is not restricted to one subject or multiple subjects  and  we cannot say if improvement in one subject in one year leads to improvement in more subjects in coming year.
You just need to have a revision of all subjects what you have completed in the school. have a revision and practice of subjects and concepts helps you better.
All the best.
If you'll do hard work then by hard work of 6 months you can achieve your goal but you have to start studying for it dont waste your time its a very important year so please dont waste it otherwise you'll regret.
Yes, you can take admission in class 12th privately there are many colleges in which you can give 12th privately.
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Also Read: Career as Nurse
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Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages. Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.
The career as a Talent Agent is filled with responsibilities. A Talent Agent is someone who is involved in the pre-production process of the film. It is a very busy job for a Talent Agent but as and when an individual gains experience and progresses in the career he or she can have people assisting him or her in work. Depending on one’s responsibilities, number of clients and experience he or she may also have to lead a team and work with juniors under him or her in a talent agency. In order to know more about the job of a talent agent continue reading the article.
If you want to know more about talent agent meaning, how to become a Talent Agent, or Talent Agent job description then continue reading this article.
Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.
A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.
A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.
The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.
Individuals who opt for a career as a talent director are professionals who work in the entertainment industry. He or she is responsible for finding out the right talent through auditions for films, theatre productions, or shows. A talented director possesses strong knowledge of computer software used in filmmaking, CGI and animation. A talent acquisition director keeps himself or herself updated on various technical aspects such as lighting, camera angles and shots.
In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.
Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.
For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.
In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. Ever since internet cost got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, the career as vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the career as vlogger, how to become a vlogger, so on and so forth then continue reading the article. Students can visit Jamia Millia Islamia, Asian College of Journalism, Indian Institute of Mass Communication to pursue journalism degrees.
Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.
Fashion journalism involves performing research and writing about the most recent fashion trends. Journalists obtain this knowledge by collaborating with stylists, conducting interviews with fashion designers, and attending fashion shows, photoshoots, and conferences. A fashion Journalist job is to write copy for trade and advertisement journals, fashion magazines, newspapers, and online fashion forums about style and fashion.
A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.
Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.
A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.
Production Manager Job Description: A Production Manager is responsible for ensuring smooth running of manufacturing processes in an efficient manner. He or she plans and organises production schedules. The role of Production Manager involves estimation, negotiation on budget and timescales with the clients and managers.
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A Team Leader is a professional responsible for guiding, monitoring and leading the entire group. He or she is responsible for motivating team members by providing a pleasant work environment to them and inspiring positive communication. A Team Leader contributes to the achievement of the organisation’s goals. He or she improves the confidence, product knowledge and communication skills of the team members and empowers them.
A Quality Systems Manager is a professional responsible for developing strategies, processes, policies, standards and systems concerning the company as well as operations of its supply chain. It includes auditing to ensure compliance. It could also be carried out by a third party.
A career as a merchandiser requires one to promote specific products and services of one or different brands, to increase the in-house sales of the store. Merchandising job focuses on enticing the customers to enter the store and hence increasing their chances of buying a product. Although the buyer is the one who selects the lines, it all depends on the merchandiser on how much money a buyer will spend, how many lines will be purchased, and what will be the quantity of those lines. In a career as merchandiser, one is required to closely work with the display staff in order to decide in what way a product would be displayed so that sales can be maximised. In small brands or local retail stores, a merchandiser is responsible for both merchandising and buying.
The procurement Manager is also known as Purchasing Manager. The role of the Procurement Manager is to source products and services for a company. A Procurement Manager is involved in developing a purchasing strategy, including the company's budget and the supplies as well as the vendors who can provide goods and services to the company. His or her ultimate goal is to bring the right products or services at the right time with cost-effectiveness.
Individuals who opt for a career as a production planner are professionals who are responsible for ensuring goods manufactured by the employing company are cost-effective and meets quality specifications including ensuring the availability of ready to distribute stock in a timely fashion manner.
ITSM Manager is a professional responsible for heading the ITSM (Information Technology Service Management) or (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) processes. He or she ensures that operation management provides appropriate resource levels for problem resolutions. The ITSM Manager oversees the level of prioritisation for the problems, critical incidents, planned as well as proactive tasks.
Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack
Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
An IT Consultant is a professional who is also known as a technology consultant. He or she is required to provide consultation to industrial and commercial clients to resolve business and IT problems and acquire optimum growth. An IT consultant can find work by signing up with an IT consultancy firm, or he or she can work on their own as independent contractors and select the projects he or she wants to work on.
A Data Architect role involves formulating the organisational data strategy. It involves data quality, flow of data within the organisation and security of data. The vision of Data Architect provides support to convert business requirements into technical requirements.
The Security Engineer is responsible for overseeing and controlling the various aspects of a company's computer security. Individuals in the security engineer jobs include developing and implementing policies and procedures to protect the data and information of the organisation. In this article, we will discuss the security engineer job description, security engineer skills, security engineer course, and security engineer career path.
A UX Architect is someone who influences the design processes and its outcomes. He or she possesses a solid understanding of user research, information architecture, interaction design and content strategy.
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