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MBOSE HSSLC 2025: Exam Dates, Syllabus, Admit Card, Result

Updated on 30th September, 2024 by Mallika Thaledder

About MBOSE HSSLC 2025

MBOSE HSSLC 2025- The Meghalaya Board of School Education (MBOSE) conducts the Higher Secondary School Leaving Certificate (HSSLC) exam for Class 12th students. MBOSE HSSLC exams are conducted in English, Khasi, Garo, Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Nepali, and Mizo which are also Modern Indian Languages. Students can opt for a suitable language while applying for exams.

More about MBOSE HSSLC 2025:

  • The MBOSE HSSLC routine 2025 will be released in December 2024.
  • MBOSE HSSLC practical exams will be held in February 2025.
  • MBOSE HSSLC board exams 2025 will be held in March 2025.
  • MBOSE HSSLC result 2025 will be announced in May 2025.
  • Students can check their results on - megresults.nic.in.
  • Students are advised to complete the entire MBOSE HSSLC syllabus 2025 at the earliest. This provides enough time for revision and practising the last year's papers.
  • All the papers of the Meghalaya Class 12th board exam are of three hours duration. MBOSE HSSLC exams 2025 are held in a single shift starting from 10 am to 1 pm. 
  • Students are always advised to complete the MBOSE HSSLC syllabus 2025 and make study plan as per the MBOSE HSSLC routine 2025.  
  • They must also use MBOSE HSSLC question papers 2025 to prepare better for the exams.
Read more

MBOSE HSSLC 2025 Highlights

Full Exam Name
Meghalaya Board of Higher Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination
Short Exam Name
MBOSE HSSLC
Conducting Body
Meghalaya Board of School Education
Frequency Of Conduct
Once a year
Exam Level
Intermediate
Languages
Assamese +5 more
Mode Of Application
offline +1 more
Application Fee
Offline : 1000
Mode Of Exam
offline
Exam Duration
3 Hours

MBOSE HSSLC Important Dates

MBOSE HSSLC Meghalaya Board of Higher Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination (session 2025)

10 Sep' 2024 - 25 Sep' 2024 . Online
Application Date
Without late fee (Non-Regular, Compartmental And Improvement)
26 Sep' 2024 - 30 Sep' 2024 . Online
Late Fee Application Date
With late fee Of Rs 400/- (Non-Regular, Compartmental And Improvement)
01 Oct' 2024 - 18 Oct' 2024 . Online
Application Date
Without late fee (Regular-I, Regular-Ii And Private Candidates)

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Meghalaya Board of Secondary Education issues guidelines which a student should meet to be eligible for MBOSE HSSLC exams 2025. The eligibility criteria for MBOSE HSSLC 2025 is given below:

  1. The student should be enrolled in class 12th of a school affiliated to MBOSE.

  2. The student should have qualified class 11th from a school affiliated to MBOSE or any other board recognised by MBOSE.

  3. The student must have the minimum required attendance in the current academic year of class 12th.

Regular and non-regular students can apply for MBOSE HSSLC exams 2025 through downloadable forms available on the official website, mbose.in

Online forms are made available on the MBOSE website for non-regular and regular students. Candidates have to take the forms from their schools and fill them in the following manner:

  1. On the front side of the application form, candidates have to enter their details and attach their passport-sized photographs. 

  2. Students should carefully read the guidelines, sign in the appropriate field and the concerned Head of Institution is to certify, with seal.

The fee structure for MBOSE HSSLC 2025 is given below:

Parameters

Meghalaya HSSLC 2025 Fee (in rupees)

Regular candidate without practicals

Exam Fee: 400

Mark sheet fee: 150

Original Certificate fee: 150

Admit card fee: 80

Centre fee: 220

Total Fee: 1000

Regular candidate with practical in one subject

Exam Fee: 400

Marksheet Fee: 150

Original Certificate: 150

Admit card fee: 80

Centre fee: 220

Practical Fee for one subject: 130

Total Fee: 1130

Regular candidate with practical in two subject

Exam Fee: 400

Marksheet Fee: 150

Original Certificate: 150

Admit card fee: 80

Centre fee: 220

Practical Fee for one subject: 260

Total Fee: 1260

Regular candidate with practical in three subject

Exam Fee: 400

Marksheet Fee: 150

Original Certificate: 150

Admit card fee: 80

Centre fee: 220

Practical Fee for one subject: 390

Total Fee: 1390

Regular candidate with practical in four subject

Exam Fee: 400

Marksheet Fee: 150

Original Certificate: 150

Admit card fee: 80

Centre fee: 220

Practical Fee for one subject: 520

Total Fee: 1520

Non-regular/Compartmental/Improvement without practical

Exam and other fee: 1000

Permission fee: 220

Total fee: 1220

Non-regular/Compartmental/Improvement with practical in one subject

Exam and other fee: 1130

Permission fee: 220

Total fee: 1350

Non-regular/Compartmental/Improvement with practical in two subjects

Exam and other fee: 1260

Permission fee: 220

Total fee: 1480

Non-regular/Compartmental/Improvement with practical in three subjects

Exam and other fee: 1390

Permission fee: 220

Total fee: 1610

Non-regular/Compartmental/Improvement with practical in four subjects

Exam and other fee: 1520

Permission fee: 220

Total fee: 1740

Private candidate

Total fee (including permission fee): 1220

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Documents Required at Exam MBOSE HSSLC 2025

Meghalaya Board of Higher Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination 2025

  • School ID
  • MBOSE HSSLC admit card
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Students preparing for MBOSE HSSLC exams 2025 should know the exam pattern for creating exam preparation strategies. MBOSE HSSLC 2025 pattern is given below:

  1. Subjects are divided in the following manner: Science, Commerce, Arts, Modern Indian languages, Elective languages, and Vocational stream. 

  2. Most of Science, Commerce, and Arts exams have a duration of 3 hours and a total score of 100 marks. These papers have a section of multiple-choice, objective-based questions. 

  3. All language papers, both Modern Indian languages and Elective languages have a duration of 3 hours and a total score of 100 marks. These papers have a section of multiple-choice, objective-based questions as well.

  4. The vocational stream has a total of four papers and doesn’t have multiple-choice, objective-based questions section. Two of these papers are for 45 marks and are to be attempted in 2 hours.

If you aspire to qualify MBOSE HSSLC exams 2025 with a good score, solve as many Meghalaya HSSLC question papers you can. Attempting these questions gives you an insight into the marking scheme, frequent topics, exam pattern, syllabus, etc.

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MBOSE HSSLC 2025 Syllabus

MBOSE HSSLC 2025 Meghalaya Board of Higher Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination 2025

English core: Unit 01


Prose
  • Pieces to be read: (i) Indigo–by Louis Fischer, (ii) The rattrap-by Selma Lagerlof, (iii) Lost spring-stories of stolen childhood-by Anees Jung, (iv) Deep water-by William Douglas

English core: Unit 02


Poetry
  • Pieces to be read: (i) Keeping quiet-by Pablo Neruda, (ii) A thing of beauty-by John Keats, (iii) Caring for animals-by Jon Silkin, (iv) And so it eventually happened-by R. Parthasarathy

English core: Unit 03


Supplementary reader
  • Pieces to be read: (i) What men live by-by Leo Tolstoy, (ii) Enchanting caves of Meghalaya-by B. D. Kharpran Daly

English core: Unit 04


Grammar and composition
  • Reading: Unseen passages of various types (for comprehension, vocabulary enrichment, and note-taking)
  • Writing: (a) Short composition like note-taking, (b) notice writing, (c) letter writing (formal and informal), (d) letters of application for a job, (e) essay writing
  • Grammar usage: (a) Transformation of sentences, (b) direct and indirect speech, (c) active and passive voice, (d) error correction in sentences, (e) use of word substitution, (f) opposite words

Assamese: Unit 01


Prose

    Assamese: Unit 02


    Poetry

      Assamese: Unit 03


      Drama

        Assamese: Unit 04


        Grammar

          Assamese: Unit 05


          Composition

            Assamese: Unit 06


            Essay

              Bengali: Unit 01


              Prose

                Bengali: Unit 02


                Poetry

                  Bengali: Unit 03


                  Novel

                    Bengali: Unit 04


                    Grammar

                      Bengali: Unit 05


                      Composition

                        Hindi: Unit 01


                        Prose

                          Hindi: Unit 02


                          Poetry

                            Hindi: Unit 03


                            Rapid reader

                              Khasi: Unit 01


                              Prose

                                Khasi: Unit 02


                                Poetry

                                  Nepali: Unit 01


                                  Literature

                                    Nepali: Unit 02


                                    Grammar

                                      Nepali: Unit 03


                                      Reading (unseen)

                                        Alternative english: Unit 01


                                        Prose
                                        • Pieces to be read: (i) The face on the wall-by E. V. Lucas, (ii) Sparrows-by K.A. Abbas, (iii) Love across the desert-by K. N. Dharuwala, (iv) The redemption-by Victor Hugo, (v) The castaway-by Rabindranath Tagore

                                        Alternative english: Unit 02


                                        Poetry
                                        • Pieces to be read: (i) The soul‘s prayer-by Sarojini Naidu, (ii) The education of nature-by William Wordsworth, (iii) The human seasons-by John Keats, (iv) Enterprise-by Nissim Ezekie

                                        Alternative english: Unit 03


                                        Short plays
                                        • The prescribed plays are: (i) The Bishop‘s candlesticks-by Norman Mckinnell, or, (ii) Macbeth-by William Shakespeare

                                        Alternative english: Unit 04


                                        Grammar and composition
                                        • Reading: Unseen passages (descriptive/ narrative/ speech form)
                                        • Writing: (i) Precis writing, (ii) amplification of an idea
                                        • Grammar and usage: (a) Correction of grammatical errors in the given sentences, (b) active and passive voice, (c) use of adverbs, (d) question tags, (e) modals, (f) one word substitution

                                        Environmental education: Unit 01


                                        Biodiversity
                                        • Concepts and values of biodiversity: Concepts of biodiversity; species of various gene pools; biodiversity in an ecosystem; values of biodiversity; why value diversity
                                        • Types of biodiversity (species, ecosystem and genetic): Species diversity; ecosystem diversity, marine ecosystem; estuarine ecosystem; genetic diversity
                                        • Interdependence between species: Interactions between plants and animals
                                        • Economic potential of biodiversity: Introduction; economic potential of plant diversity; economic importance of animal diversity
                                        • Loss of biodiversity (threatened, endangered and extinct species): Introduction; causes leading to loss of biodiversity; threatened, endangered and extinct species
                                        • Strategies for conservation of biodiversity: Introduction; why conserve biodiversity

                                        Environmental education: Unit 02


                                        Environmental management
                                        • Need for environmental development vis-i-vis development: Introduction development levels and environment impacts

                                        Environmental education: Unit 03


                                        Sustainable agriculture
                                        • Need for sustainable agriculture: Key components in the industrialization or modern agriculture
                                        • Green revolution: Impact of green revolution on the environment; ecological impact; sociological impacts
                                        • Impact of agrochemicals on environment
                                        • Management or agriculture produce: Storage and preservation; transportation

                                        Environmental education: Unit 04


                                        Sustainable development
                                        • Concept of sustainable development; Introduction
                                        • Concept or sustainable consumption: Lessons on sustainable consumption; contemporary concept or sustainable consumption
                                        • Challenges for sustainable development: Econonic considerations; need for sound economic policies; political considerations; social considerations; need for a transformation in social conditions
                                        • Role of individual and community

                                        Political science (political theory-II): Unit 01


                                        Key concepts
                                        • Rights: Meaning and characteristics of rights; kinds of rights; classification of rights; relation between rights and duties
                                        • Liberty: Negative and positive meaning of liberty; kinds of liberty-natural, civil, political, economic, national; relation between law and liberty
                                        • Equality: Negative and positive meaning of equality; kinds of equality-natural, social, civil, political, economic; the relationship between liberty and equality
                                        • Justice: The varied meanings of justice; kinds of justice-natural, social, economic, political, legal
                                        • Law: Meaning; source-customs, religion, equity, scientific commentaries judicial decisions, legislature; kinds of law; relationship between law and morality
                                        • Citizenship: Meaning of citizenship; legal and moral aspects of citizenship; similarities and differences between citizens and aliens; citizens and nationals; methods of acquiring citizenship-by birth and by naturalisation; double citizenship
                                        • Citizenship: Loss or termination of citizenship

                                        Political science (political theory-II): Unit 02


                                        The electorate
                                        • Meaning and basis of franchise; universal adult franchise arguments for and against
                                        • Systems of representation: Kinds of representations-proportional (Hare system and list system), functional, territorial, communal, and their merits and demerits

                                        Political science (political theory-II): Unit 03


                                        Major contemporary political theories
                                        • Liberalism: Its meaning and essence; classical or negative liberalism and contemporary or positive liberalism and the shift from classical liberalism
                                        • Marxism: Genesis; tenets of Marxism-dialectical materialism, historical materialism, class struggle, surplus value, revolution and dictatorship of the proletariat, classless society

                                        Political science (political theory-II): Unit 04


                                        The United Nations
                                        • Origins of the United Nations, development, aims and principles of the United Nations organization of the United Nations

                                        Political science (the Indian constitution and political system in operation): Unit 01


                                        The fundamental right
                                        • Characteristics; kinds of fundamental rights; writs for enforcement of the fundamental rights; evaluation of the fundamental rights
                                        • The fundamental duties: Kinds, characteristics and evaluation
                                        • The directive principles of state policy: Sources, meaning and objectives. Classification-social welfare, Gandhian, economic, administrative, educational and cultural principles. Constitutional significance of the directive principles
                                        • The directive principles of state policy: Distinction between fundamental rights and directive principles

                                        Political science (the Indian constitution and political system in operation): Unit 02


                                        The Union Government
                                        • The president of India: Qualifications, method of election, tenure and removal, privileges, powers and functions, constitutional position
                                        • The vice-president of India: Qualifications, election, tenure and removal, privileges, functions, position
                                        • The union council of ministers: Composition, powers and functions
                                        • The prime minister: Appointment, tenure, powers, functions and position of the council of ministers, distribution of portfolios, as a supervisor of and coordinator between the different ministries, as a leader of the parliament
                                        • The prime minister: Appointment, tenure, powers, functions and position of the council of ministers, distribution of portfolios, as a link between the president and the parliament, etc

                                        Political science (the Indian constitution and political system in operation): Unit 03


                                        The parliament
                                        • The Rajya Sabha (council of states): Composition, qualifications of members, term of office, presiding officers, privileges, quorum, powers and functions
                                        • The Lok Sabha (house of the people): Composition, qualifications of members, election, term of office, privileges, quorum, powers and functions-legislative, executive, financial, constituent and miscellaneous
                                        • The Lok Sabha (house of the people): The speaker of the Lok Sabha-election, tenure, powers and functions, position
                                        • The judiciary: The Supreme Court of India-composition, appointment of judges, qualifications of judges, tenure and method of removal of judges. Powers and functions-original jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction, advisory jurisdiction, miscellaneous
                                        • The judiciary: Evaluation of the Supreme Court

                                        Political science (the Indian constitution and political system in operation): Unit 04


                                        India and the world
                                        • India and the United Nations; India and SAARC; India‘s role in the non-align movement; India‘s approach to major world issues like disarmament, human rights and globalisation

                                        Philosophy: Unit 01


                                        Induction
                                        • Relation between induction and deduction, kinds of inductio-scientific induction, unscientific induction, analogy, perfect induction, colligation of fact, parity of reasoning
                                        • Laws of thought: Meaning and characteristics

                                        Philosophy: Unit 02


                                        Ground of induction
                                        • Formal ground of induction-law of uniformity and law of causation, cause–definition, qualitative and quantitative marks of causation, cause and condition, plurality of cause, paradox of induction, material grounds of induction-observation and experiment

                                        Philosophy: Unit 03


                                        Experimental methods
                                        • Method of agreement, method of difference, joint method of agreement and difference, method of concomitant variation and method of residue, hypothesis-meaning, forms and conditions of hypothesis

                                        Philosophy: Unit 04


                                        Symbolic logic
                                        • Statement and arguments, statement form and argument form, logical connectives-conjunction, disjunction, implication, implication symbolization, constructionof truth tables (tautology, contradictory, contingent), proving invalidity

                                        Philosophy: Unit 05


                                        Philosophy
                                        • Definition of philosophy with reference to indian philosophy, distinctive feature of indian philosophy, rationalism and empericism

                                        Geography (fundamental of human geography): Unit 01


                                        Human geography: nature and scope

                                          Geography (fundamental of human geography): Unit 02


                                          People
                                          • Population of the world-distribution, density and growth
                                          • Population change-spatial patterns and structure; determinants of population change
                                          • Age-sex ratio, rural-urban composition
                                          • Human development-concept, selected indicators (literacy and occupation)

                                          Geography (fundamental of human geography): Unit 03


                                          Human activities
                                          • Primary activities-concept and changing trends, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture, major crops-rice, wheat, tea, coffee, rubber and sugarcane (conditions of growth and distribution)
                                          • Mining-world distribution of iron ore, copper, bauxite, coal and petroleum
                                          • Secondary activities-concept; manufacturing-agro-processing, household, small scale, large scale; iron and steel industries, location of industries
                                          • Tertiary activities-concept; knowledge –based industries (information technology industry)
                                          • Quaternary activities-concept, knowledge-based industries (information technology industry)

                                          Geography (fundamental of human geography): Unit 04


                                          Transport, communication and trade
                                          • Land transport-roads, railways, trans-continental railways
                                          • Water transport-inland waterways; major ocean routes
                                          • Air transport-intercontinental air routes
                                          • Oil and gas pipelines
                                          • satellite communication
                                          • International trade-based, and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade, role of WTO in International trade

                                          Geography (fundamental of human geography): Unit 05


                                          Human settlement
                                          • Settlement types-rural and urban; morphology of cities, distribution of mega cities; problems of human settlement in developing countries

                                          Geography (India people and economy): Unit 01


                                          People
                                          • Population-distribution, density and growth; composition of population: Linguistic and religious compositions; occupations
                                          • Migration-international, national-causes and consequences
                                          • Human development-selected indicators (literacy and occupations)

                                          Geography (India people and economy): Unit 02


                                          Human settlement
                                          • Urban settlements-types and distribution and functional classification

                                          Geography (India people and economy): Unit 03


                                          Recourse and development
                                          • Land resources-general land use; agricultural land use-major crops agricultural development and problems
                                          • Water resource utilization: Irrigation; scarcity of water and conservation method-rain water harvesting
                                          • Minerals and energy resources: Metallic mineral (iron ore, copper, bauxite) and non-metallic minerals (limestone and dolomite). Their distribution, conventional and non conventional energy sources
                                          • Industries: Types and distribution, industrial location and clustering; changing pattern of selected industries-iron and steel cotton textiles
                                          • Industries: Petrochemicals and knowledge-based industries impact of liberalization, privatization and globalizationon industrial location

                                          Geography (India people and economy): Unit 04


                                          Transport, communication and trade
                                          • Transport and communication: Roads, railways, waterways and airways; oil and gas pipelines; national electric grid; satellite communication
                                          • International trade: Changing patterns of India‘s foreign trade; seaports and their hinterland and airports

                                          Geography (India people and economy): Unit 05


                                          Geographical perspective on selected issues and problems
                                          • Environment pollution, urban-waste disposal
                                          • Urbanization–rural–urban migration; problems of slum
                                          • Land degradation

                                          Geography (India people and economy): Unit 06


                                          Regional study of Meghalaya
                                          • Relief, climate, agriculture and minerals

                                          Education (education): Unit 01


                                          Curriculum
                                          • Concept of curriculum
                                          • Principles of curriculum construction
                                          • Types of curriculum: (a) Child centred, (b) subject centred, (c) activity centred
                                          • Approaches to curriculum development

                                          Education (education): Unit 02


                                          Inclusive education
                                          • Meaning and concept
                                          • Importance of inclusive education (as a basic human right)
                                          • Children with special needs (physically and mentally challenged)-preliminary idea
                                          • Approaches to inclusive education-discrimination and psycho-social implications

                                          Education (education): Unit 03


                                          Art education
                                          • Concept of art education
                                          • Modes of expression-visual arts
                                          • Performing arts
                                          • Need and importance of art education
                                          • Stages and process of imparting art education

                                          Education (education): Unit 04


                                          Educational Technology
                                          • Meaning and definition of educational technology
                                          • Types of educational technology
                                          • Aspects and steps of educational technology
                                          • Forms of educational technology

                                          Education (psychology): Unit 01


                                          Psychology attributes
                                          • Individual differences in human functioning-meaning, factors and significance
                                          • Intelligence: Concept of intelligence. Theories of Intelligence: Spearman‘s theory, Thurstone‘s theory
                                          • Individual Differences in Intelligence

                                          Education (psychology): Unit 02


                                          Personality
                                          • Personality-concept, definition and nature
                                          • Factors affecting personality development
                                          • Structure of personality-type and trait approaches

                                          Education (psychology): Unit 03


                                          Attention and memory
                                          • Attention: Characteristics, types
                                          • Attention and interest-their educational implications
                                          • Memory: Meaning and definition, factors involved in memory
                                          • Forgetting: Nature and causes
                                          • Enhancing memory
                                          • Conditions that stimulate thinking
                                          • Reasoning: Concept and steps in reasoning
                                          • Training in thought and reasoning

                                          Education (psychology): Unit 04


                                          Thinking and reasoning
                                          • Concept and nature of thinking

                                          Home science: Unit 01


                                          Community development and services
                                          • Community development: Definition, objectives, principles and philosophy of community development
                                          • Food laws and food standards: Consumer rights, consumer challenges, food adulteration and voluntary agencies
                                          • Community development programmes: Feeding programmes (local, state, national), rural employment programme (TRYSEM, village cooperatives, mahila mandals, youth clubs), adult education programmes
                                          • Kitchen gardening: Importance of kitchen gardening, layout of a kitchen garden, selection of Rabi and Kharif crops selection of manures, compost making

                                          Home science: Unit 02


                                          Textiles and clothing
                                          • Fibre science: Classification of fibres with examples, properties of fibres (chemical and physical) of cotton, wool, silk, polyester
                                          • Fibre science: Identification of fibres (visual inspection, microscopic observation, burning and chemical tests/ of cotton, wool, silk, polyester)
                                          • Yarn: Yarn making processing, types of yarns
                                          • Stains: Meaning, classification of stains with examples. Removal of stains from different fabrics. Fabrics: Cotton, wool, silk, synthetics. Stains-blood, ink, curry, lipstick, grease, tea, ice-cream
                                          • Bleaching: Meaning and use of different bleaching agents. Types of bleaching agents
                                          • Sewing: Sewing equipments and tools

                                          Home science: Unit 03


                                          Food and nutrition
                                          • Food and nutrition: Definition and meaning of food, nutrition and health. Functions and constituents (nutrients) of food. Food guide
                                          • Diets: Definition and meaning of balanced and therapeutic diets. Balanced diet and nutritional requirements during: Infancy (0-2 yrs), pre-school (2-6 yrs), school age (6-12 years) and adolescence (12-18 yrs)
                                          • Deficiency diseases: Definition, causes and preventive measures of: Protein-calorie malnutrition (Kwashiorkor, Marasmus and Marasmic Kwashiorkor), iron deficiency, iodine deficiency, vitamin-A deficiency
                                          • Methods of food preparation: General principles and methods of food preparation-boiling, steaming, pressure cooking, deep and shallow frying, roasting and grilling

                                          Geology: Unit 01


                                          Sedimentology
                                          • Processess of formation of sedimentary rocks: Disintegration and decomposition, transporation, deposition, diagenesis and lithification
                                          • Textures of sedimentary rocks
                                          • Structures of sedimentary rocks-beds, laminations, ripple marks, current beddings, mud cracks, rain prints, borings, flute casts, load casts, nodules and concretions
                                          • Genetic classification of sedimentary rocks: Clastics-(rudaceous, arenaceous and argillaceous) and non-clastics
                                          • Elementary idea of the classification of sedimentary environments of deposition

                                          Geology: Unit 02


                                          Paleontology
                                          • Paleontology: Definition and scope
                                          • Fossils: Definition, conditions for preservation and modes of preservation
                                          • Habits and habitats of organisms
                                          • Morphological study of the following phyla: Brachiopoda and mollusca (Lamellibranchia, Gastropoda and Cephalopoda)
                                          • Study of the following Gondwana flora: Glossopteris, Gangamopteris, vertebraria and ptillophylum

                                          Geology: Unit 03


                                          Stratigraphy
                                          • A brief idea of stratigraphic correlation
                                          • Lithostratigraphy of the following: Precambrian of Dharwar supergroup of Karnataka, Vindhyan supergroup of Sone valley, Palaeozoic of Spiti and tertiary of upper Assam
                                          • Lithostratigraphy of Meghalaya

                                          Geology: Unit 04


                                          Mineral and energy resources
                                          • Mineral resources: definition and its importance
                                          • Definition of ore, gangue and tenor
                                          • Processes of formation of mineral deposits-magmatic, sedimentary and metamorphic processes
                                          • Genetic classification of mineral deposits-primary (syngenetic and epigenetic) and secondary deposits
                                          • Study of the mode of occurrence, distribution in India and uses of the following mineral resources: Galena, chalcopyrite, hematite, bauxite, magnetite, chromite and mica
                                          • Energy resources: Sources and types
                                          • Petroleum: Origin, migration and accumulation; occurrence of petroleum in north-eastern region
                                          • Coal: Origin and mode of occurrence; types of coal; coal deposits of north-eastern region
                                          • Study of the mode of occurrence, distribution in India and uses of the radioactive minerals

                                          Geology: Unit 05


                                          Engineering geology, groundwater, environment and disaster studies
                                          • Engineering geology: Definition. Geological considerations in the construction of dams
                                          • Groundwater: Definition and occurrence; porosity and permeability; hydrologic cycle; aquifer
                                          • Environment: Definition and components; impact of open-cast and underground mining on the environment
                                          • Disasters: Landslides-causes, effects and remedial measures; earthquakes-effects and mitigation

                                          Anthropology: Unit 01


                                          Hominid evolution
                                          • Australopithecine
                                          • Homo-Erectus
                                          • Homo-Neanderthal

                                          Anthropology: Unit 02


                                          Human adaptation
                                          • Concept of adaptation
                                          • Morphological adaptation
                                          • Ecological adaptation (cases of mountain, desert, coastal and riverine)

                                          Anthropology: Unit 03


                                          Human growth
                                          • Concept of growth
                                          • Stages of growth
                                          • Factors responsible for growth and development

                                          Anthropology: Unit 04


                                          Human race
                                          • Race formation
                                          • Major races of the world
                                          • Classification of Indian population by Risley and Guha

                                          Anthropology: Unit 05


                                          Human cultural evolution
                                          • Emergence of life on earth, geological time-scale and cultural-chronology
                                          • Nature, causes and evidences of Glaciation
                                          • Bio-cultural mechanism behind the evolution of man

                                          Anthropology: Unit 06


                                          Prehistoric technology
                                          • Techniques of tool-making
                                          • Paleolithic typologies (chopper, hand-axes and cleavers)
                                          • Mesolithic and neolithic typologies (microliths and celts)

                                          Anthropology: Unit 07


                                          Main features of prehistoric cultures
                                          • Paleolithic: Lower, middle and upper paleolithic cultures
                                          • Mesolithic and neolithic cultures
                                          • Prehistoric arts

                                          Anthropology: Unit 08


                                          Political aspect of society
                                          • Traditional political structure in tribal societies
                                          • Sanctions and taboo, customary law and statutory law
                                          • Justice and punishment in tribal societies

                                          Anthropology: Unit 09


                                          Gender and culture
                                          • Concept of sex and gender, gender roles and socialization
                                          • Women in the public and private domain
                                          • Women‘s status in north-east India (patrilineal and matrilineal societies)

                                          Anthropology: Unit 10


                                          Indian Society
                                          • Caste: Origin, formation and characteristics of caste; concept of schedule caste and OBC
                                          • Tribe: Concept of tribe, tribal problems and welfare measures
                                          • Social change in India: Culture contact, Sanskritization and modernization

                                          Statistics: Unit 01


                                          Mathematical expectation
                                          • Definition of random variable and expectation
                                          • Statement of theorem on the expectation of sum and product of several variables (proof not necessary)
                                          • Simple problems

                                          Statistics: Unit 02


                                          Standard distribution
                                          • Definition of Bernoulli trials, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions
                                          • Their definitions, expressions for mean and standard deviation, properties, example and simple problems involving their uses, no derivations

                                          Statistics: Unit 03


                                          Index numbers
                                          • Construction and use of index numbers; simple and weighted relative of aggregates and averages of relatives; Laspeyre‘s, Paasche‘s, Marshall Edgeworth‘s and Fisher‘s formulae

                                          Statistics: Unit 04


                                          Time series
                                          • Components of time series and moving average
                                          • To determine trends (only free hand smoothing and method of moving averages)

                                          Statistics: Unit 05


                                          Sample survey
                                          • Sampling versus census; sources of errors in a survey-sampling and non-sampling: Simple random sampling (definitions, uses, expressions for estimation of mean, total and standard deviations)
                                          • Stratified random sampling; definition, uses, advantages, expression for the estimates of mean and total (derivation is not necessary)

                                          Elective English: Unit 01


                                          Prose
                                          • Pieces to be read: (i) The conquest of malaria-by T.C. Bridges and H.H. Tiltman, (ii) On the rule of the road-by A.G. Gardiner

                                          Elective English: Unit 02


                                          Poetry
                                          • Pieces to be read: (i) The highwayman-by Alfred Noyes, (ii) The solitary reaper- by William Wordsworth, (iii) On his blindness- by John Milton

                                          Elective English: Unit 03


                                          Fiction
                                          • The Guide- by R.K. Narayan

                                          Elective English: Unit 04


                                          Drama
                                          • Arms and the man-by Bernard Shaw

                                          Elective English: Unit 05


                                          Reading/ writing
                                          • Phonology
                                          • Comprehension (unseen)
                                          • Essay: Argumentative, discursive, reflective, narrative and descriptive

                                          Music: Unit 01


                                          Harmony
                                          • Three-part diatonic secondary triads (ii, iii, vi, vii), root position and 1st inversion in either clef in major keys only: (a) By letter name (ex: Bm, Am+, F#º), (b) by roman numeral in key context with figured bass symbols (ex: key of G: vi, iii, ii)
                                          • Three-part diatonic secondary triads (ii, iii, vi, vii), root position and 1st inversion in either clef in major keys only: (c) By triad name/function (ex: key of E major: (i) Median-root position; (ii) supertonic-1 st inversion)
                                          • Four-part secondary triads in major keys: Median and submediant (root position) and supertonic (root position and 1st inversion), with any tone in the Soprano
                                          • V7 chord in root position, in major and minor keys, with its correct resolution, on either staff; and in 4-part harmony (on 2 staves), root position with any tone in the soprano
                                          • Four-part chord progressions in any major key: (a) I, iii, IV, ii, I, V7, I. (start with the tonic in the soprano), (b) I, vi, ii, V7, I (start with the tonic in the soprano), (c) I, vi, IV, V7 (or V), I (start with any tone in the soprano)
                                          • Non-harmonic tones (non-essential tones, non-chord tones): (a) Passing tone (PT)-diatonic and chromatic, (b) neighbor tone (NT)-diatonic and chromatic, (c) anticipation (A)

                                          Music: Unit 02


                                          Music appreciation
                                          • Characteristics of musical tones: Pitch, duration (length), intensity (dynamics), quality (tone colour/timbre)
                                          • Basic elements of music: Rhythm, melody, harmony
                                          • Additional musical elements
                                          • Meter, tempo, tonality and mode, modulation
                                          • Source of musical sound: (i) Human voices, (ii) string instruments (chordophones), (iii) wind instruments (aerophones): Woodwinds, brass, (iv) percussion instruments (membranophones, idiophones), (v) keyboard-family
                                          • Source of musical sound: (vi) Electronic instruments (electrophones)
                                          • Musical textures: (i) Monophony, (ii) heterophony, (iii) polyphony, (iv) homophony
                                          • Musical forms: One part, binary, ternary, strophic, rondo, sonata-allegro, theme and variations
                                          • Art music, folk (traditional) music and popular music

                                          Music: Unit 03


                                          Brief overview of western music history (1600 to 1900 A.D.) and music in non-western cultures
                                          • Brief overview of western musical history (1600-1900 A.D.): (i) Renaissance-Burgundian period; Flanders; musical genres; musical instruments
                                          • Brief overview of western musical history (1600-1900 A.D.): (ii) Baroque (1600-1750): (a) Musical characteristics-unity of mood, rhythm, melody, terrace dynamics, texture, figured bass, (b) Bach and Handel
                                          • Brief overview of western musical history (1600-1900 A.D.): (iii) Classical period (1750-1828)- (a) Sonata, (b) chamber music: String quartet, (c) orchestral music: Symphony, concerto, (d) Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven
                                          • Brief overview of western musical history (1600-1900 A.D.): (iv) Romantic period (1828-1900)-(a) Piano piece (Chopin), (b) programme music, (c) nationalism in music, (d) opera, (v) other musical mediums: Choirs bands
                                          • Music in non-western cultures: (i) Historical perspective-(a) cultural differences and similarities, (b) cultural interchange, (ii) characteristics: (a) Timbre, (b) texture-rythmic polyphony, diaphony, call and response, (c) duration
                                          • Music in non-western cultures: (ii) Characteristics-(d) pitch-pentatonic scales, microtones, (e) dynamics

                                          Physical education: Unit 01


                                          Sports environment and society
                                          • Meaning and need of sports environment
                                          • Essential elements of positive sports environment
                                          • Role of individual in improvement of sports environment
                                          • Role of spectators and media in creating positive sports environment
                                          • Women participation-as discourse and ideology

                                          Physical education: Unit 02


                                          Adventure sports and leadership training
                                          • Meaning and objectives of adventure sports
                                          • Types of activities-camping, rock climbing, tracking, river rafting and mountaineering
                                          • Material requirement and safety measures
                                          • Identification and use of natural resources
                                          • Conservation of environment
                                          • Creating leaders through physical education

                                          Physical education: Unit 03


                                          Sports and nutrition
                                          • Balanced diet and nutrition: Macro and micro nutrients
                                          • Nutritive and non-nutritive components of diet
                                          • Eating disorders-anorexia nervosa and bulemia
                                          • Effects of diet on performance
                                          • Eating for weight control-a healthy weight, the pitfalls of dieting, food intolerance and food myths

                                          Physical education: Unit 04


                                          Planning in sports
                                          • Meaning and Objectives Of Planning
                                          • Various Committees and its Responsibilities
                                          • Tournament-knock-out, league or round robin and combination
                                          • Procedure to draw fixtures-knock-out (bye and seeding) and league (staircase and cyclic)
                                          • Intramural and extramural-meaning, objectives and its significance
                                          • Specific sports programme (sports day, health run, run for fun, run for specific cause and run for unity)

                                          Physical education: Unit 05


                                          Postures
                                          • Meaning and concept of correct postures-standing and sitting
                                          • Advantages of correct posture
                                          • Common postural deformities-knock knee; flat foot; round shoulders; lordosis, kyphosis, bow legs and scolioses
                                          • Physical activities as corrective measures

                                          Physical education: Unit 06


                                          Children and sports
                                          • Motor development in children
                                          • Factors affecting motor development
                                          • Physical and physiological benefits of exercise on children
                                          • Advantages and disadvantages of weight training and food supplement for children
                                          • Activities and quality of life

                                          Physical education: Unit 07


                                          Test and measurement in sports
                                          • Measurement of muscular strength-Kraus Weber test
                                          • Motor fitness test-AAPHER
                                          • Measurement of cardio vascular fitness-Harward step test/ Rockfort test
                                          • Measurement of flexibility-sit and reach test
                                          • Rikli and Jones-senior citizen fitness test
                                          • Chair Stand Test for lower body strength
                                          • Arm Curl Test for upper body strength
                                          • Chair Sit and Reach Test for lower body flexibility
                                          • Back Scratch Test for upper body flexibility
                                          • Eight Foot Up and Go Test for agility
                                          • Six Minute Walk Test for Aerobic Endurance

                                          Physical education: Unit 08


                                          Physiology and sports
                                          • Physiological factor determining component of Physical Fitness
                                          • Effect of exercise on Cardio Vascular System
                                          • Effect of exercise on respiratory system
                                          • Effect of exercise on circulatory system
                                          • Physiological changes due to ageing and role of regular exercise on ageing process

                                          Physical education: Unit 09


                                          Biomechanics and sports
                                          • Projectile and factors affecting Projectile Trajectory
                                          • Angular and linear movements
                                          • Introduction to work, power and energy
                                          • Friction
                                          • Mechanical analysis of walking and running

                                          Physical education: Unit 10


                                          Psychology and sports
                                          • Understanding stress, anxiety and its management
                                          • Coping strategies-problem focused and emotional focused
                                          • Personality, its dimensions and types; role of sports in personality development
                                          • Motivation, its type and technique
                                          • Self-esteem and body image

                                          Physical education: Unit 11


                                          Training in sports
                                          • Strength-definition, types and methods of improving strength-isometric, isotonic and isokinetic
                                          • Endurance-definition, types and methods to develop endurance-continuous training, interval training and Fartlek training
                                          • Speed-definition, types and methods to develop speed-acceleration run and pace run
                                          • Flexibility-definition, types and methods to improve flexibility
                                          • Coordinative abilities-definition and types

                                          Psychology: Unit 01


                                          Intelligence and aptitude
                                          • Individual differences in intelligence: Theories of Intelligence; culture and intelligence; emotional intelligence; aptitude: Nature and types, assessment of psychological attributes, dynamic assessment

                                          Psychology: Unit 02


                                          Self and personality
                                          • Aspects of self: Self concept-self-esteem and self-regulation; culture and self; personality: Concept; approaches to personality: Type and trait, psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioural and cultural
                                          • Assessment of personality: Self-report measures, behavioural analysis, and projective measures

                                          Psychology: Unit 03


                                          Human strengths and meeting life challenges
                                          • Life challenge and adjustment; concept of adaptation; human strengths and virtues: Nature, types and effects on psychological functioning; coping with stress; concepts of health and well-being though life style changes

                                          Psychology: Unit 04


                                          Psychological disorders
                                          • Concepts of abnormality and psychological disorder, causal factors associated with abnormal behaviour, classification of disorder, major psychological disorders: Anxiety, somato-form dissociative, mood, schizophrenic
                                          • Major psychological disorders: Developmental and behavioural substance related

                                          Psychology: Unit 05


                                          Therapeutic approaches and counseling
                                          • Nature and process of therapy; nature of therapeutic relationship; types of therapies: Psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, behaviour; alternative therapies: Yoga, meditation; Zen; rehabilitation of mentally ill people
                                          • Counselling Prevention of mental disorder

                                          Psychology: Unit 06


                                          Attitude and social cognition
                                          • Explaining behaviour through attributions; social cognition; schemas and stereotypes; impression formation; nature and components of attitudes; attitude formation and change; behaviour in the presence of others: Pro-social behaviour
                                          • Behaviour in the presence of others: Strategies for handling prejudice

                                          Psychology: Unit 07


                                          Social influence and group processes
                                          • Influence processess: Nature of conformity, obedience and compliance: Cooperation and competition; groups: nature, formation and types; influence of group on individual behaviour; social identity; Inter-group conflict; conflict resolution strategies

                                          Psychology: Unit 08


                                          Environmental and social concerns
                                          • Human-environment relationship; environmental effects on human behaviour
                                          • Noise, pollution, crowding, natural disasters, social issue: aggression and violence; social Inequality and poverty; media and human values; promoting pro-environmental behaviour, human rights and citizenship; peace

                                          Psychology: Unit 09


                                          Applied psychology
                                          • Application of psychology to following areas: (i) Sports, (ii) education, (iii) communication, (iv) organisation

                                          Sociology (Indian society): Unit 01


                                          Demographic structure and Indian society
                                          • Rural-urban linkages and divisions

                                          Sociology (Indian society): Unit 02


                                          Social institutions: Continuity and change
                                          • Family and Kinship
                                          • The Caste System

                                          Sociology (Indian society): Unit 03


                                          Market as a social institution
                                          • Market as a social institution

                                          Sociology (Indian society): Unit 04


                                          Pattern of social inquality and exclusion
                                          • Caste prejudice, scheduled castes and other backward classes
                                          • Marginalization of Tribal Communities
                                          • The struggle for women’s equality
                                          • The protection of religious minorities
                                          • Caring for the differently abled

                                          Sociology (Indian society): Unit 05


                                          The challenges of cultural diversity
                                          • Problems of communalism, regionalism, casteism and patriarchy
                                          • Role of the state in a plural and unequal society
                                          • What we share

                                          Sociology (change and development in Indian society): Unit 01


                                          Structural change
                                          • Colonialism, Industrialization, Urbanization

                                          Sociology (change and development in Indian society): Unit 02


                                          Cultural change
                                          • Modernization, westernization, Sanskritisation, secularization
                                          • Social Reform Movements and Laws

                                          Sociology (change and development in Indian society): Unit 03


                                          The story of democracy
                                          • The Constitution as an instrument of Social Change
                                          • Parties, pressure groups and democratic politics
                                          • Panchayati Raj and the Challenges of Social Transformation

                                          Sociology (change and development in Indian society): Unit 04


                                          Change and development in rural society
                                          • Land reforms, green revolution and agrarian society

                                          Sociology (change and development in Indian society): Unit 05


                                          Change and development in industrial society
                                          • From Planned Industrialization to Liberalization
                                          • Changes in the class structure

                                          Sociology (change and development in Indian society): Unit 06


                                          Globalisation and social change

                                            Sociology (change and development in Indian society): Unit 07


                                            Mass media and communication process

                                              Sociology (change and development in Indian society): Unit 08


                                              Social movements
                                              • Class-based movements: Workers, peasants
                                              • Caste-based movements: Dalit movement, backward castes, trends in upper caste responses
                                              • Women’s Movements in Independent India
                                              • Tribal Movements
                                              • Environmental Movements

                                              Informatics practices: Unit 01


                                              Networking and open standards
                                              • Computer networking: (a) Networking-a brief overview, (b) communication media: Wired technologies-co-axial, ethernet cable, optical fiber, wireless technologies-bluetooth, infrared, microwave, radio link, sattelite link, (c) Network devices: Hub, switch
                                              • Computer networking: (c) Network devices-repeater, gateway and their functions, (d) types of network-LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN, (e) network topologies: Star, bus, tree, (f) network protocols: HTTP, TCP/IP, PPP
                                              • Computer networking: (g) Identifying computers and users over a network: Basic concept of domain name, MAC (media access control), and IP address, domain name resolution, (h) network security-denial of service, intrusion problems, snooping
                                              • Open source concepts: (a) Open source software (OSI norms), common FOSS examples (Gnu/ Linux, Firefox, OpenOffice), common open standards (OSS) common FOSS/FLOSS examples (e.g. Gnu/ Linux, Firefox, OpenOffice, Java, netbeans, MySQL)
                                              • Open source concepts: (a) Common open standards (WWW, HTML,XML,ODF, IP,TCP), (b) Indian language computing: Character encoding, UNICODE, different types of fonts (open type vs true type, static vs dynamic)
                                              • Open source concepts: (b) Indian language computing-entering Indian language text-phonetic and keymap based

                                              Informatics practices: Unit 02


                                              Programming
                                              • Programming fundamentals: (a) Refer to appendix A for sample guidelines of GUI programming, and appendix B for swing control methods and properties, (b) basic concepts of access specifier for classes, members and methods, basic concept of Inheritance
                                              • Programming fundamentals: (c) Commonly used libraries-string class and methods: Tostring(), concat(), length(), tolowercase(), touppercase(), trim(), substring(), (d) math class method: pow(), round()
                                              • Programming fundamentals: (c) Commonly used libraries-accessing MySQL database using ODBC/JDBC to connect with database, (d) Web application development: URL, web server, communicating with the web server, concept of client and server side
                                              • Programming fundamentals: (e) HTML based web pages covering basic tags-HTML, title, body, H1..H6, paragraph (P), line break (BR), section separator (HR), font, table, list (UL, OL), form
                                              • Programming fundamentals: (e) HTML based web pages covering basic tags-creating and accessing static pages using HTML and introduction to XML

                                              Informatics practices: Unit 03


                                              Relational database management system
                                              • Database fundamentals: (a) Concept of database transaction, committing and revoking a transaction using commit and revoke, (b) grouping records: Group by, group functions-max(), min(), avg(), sum(), count(); using count(*), distinct clause with count
                                              • Database fundamentals: (b) Grouping records-group functions and null values
                                              • Displaying data from multiple tables: Union, equi-join and Cartesian products; concept of foreign key; creating a table with primary key and not null constraints, viewing constraints, viewing the columns associated with constraints using DESC command
                                              • Displaying data from multiple tables: Alter table for deleting a column, alter table for modifying data types of a column for adding a constraint enabling constraints, dropping constraint
                                              • Drop table for deleting a table

                                              Informatics practices: Unit 04


                                              It applications
                                              • Front-end interface: Introduction; content and features; identifying and using appropriate component (text box, radio button, checkbox, list, etc) as learnt in unit-2 (programming) for data entry, validation and display
                                              • Back-end database: Introduction and its purpose; exploring the requirement of tables and its essential attributes
                                              • Front-end and database connectivity: Introduction, requirement and benefits demonstration and development of appropriate front-end interface and back-end database for e-governance, e-business and e-learning applications)
                                              • Front-end and database connectivity: Impact of ICT on society-social and economics benefits and Info mania

                                              Tourism and travel techniques (tourism marketing): Unit 01


                                              Introduction
                                              • Meaning and role of tourism marketing, difference between selling and marketing; special features of tourism marketing; marketing concepts, elements of marketing-product promotion, physical distribution and price

                                              Tourism and travel techniques (tourism marketing): Unit 02


                                              Market segmentation and target marketing
                                              • Basis of segmentation, identifying target market, types of tourism, profile of tourists

                                              Tourism and travel techniques (tourism marketing): Unit 03


                                              Positioning of product
                                              • Promotion-establishing a product, creating a position statement, principles of product positioning, pricing the product. Meaning, importance, methods, tourism communication, advertising: Publicity, VCR, coupons, picture postcard; personal selling
                                              • Press and media, public relations and communication

                                              Tourism and travel techniques (tourism marketing): Unit 04


                                              Marketing techniques
                                              • Marketing techniques of a travel agency; marketing of fairs and festivals; marketing of congress: Conventions, incentive travel, workshops, seminars

                                              Tourism and travel techniques (computer applications in tourism): Unit 01


                                              Basics of computers
                                              • Parts of computers, operating systems-DOS, UNIX, WINDOWS, types of languages and packages

                                              Tourism and travel techniques (computer applications in tourism): Unit 02


                                              Basic application of computers
                                              • Word processing, spread sheet, storing and retrieval of information, customer data base, promotional mailing, making (developing) tour packages/ programmes
                                              • Road, transport, airlines, hotel booking and different packages

                                              Tourism and travel techniques (computer applications in tourism): Unit 03


                                              Travel accounting
                                              • Basics of accounting systems, maintenance of ledger, simple final accounts
                                              • Familiarity with foreign exchange, credit card transactions

                                              Tourism and travel techniques (accommodation and hospitality operations): Unit 01


                                              Hospitality industry
                                              • Meaning and role, futuristic view of growth; nature and scope, forms and types, classification and approval of hotel properties and restaurants; components of a hotel-front office, house keeping and maintenance, food and beverages services
                                              • Food and beverages production, security, marketing and sale, HRD, account, coordination of different departments

                                              Tourism and travel techniques (accommodation and hospitality operations): Unit 02


                                              Front office operations
                                              • Meaning, aims, objectives and role, layout and design, organisation of front office, manpower deployment, coordination with other departments, functions, information, reservation and reception, cash and billing, telephone department
                                              • Coordination with other departments, guest handling procedure.

                                              Tourism and travel techniques (accommodation and hospitality operations): Unit 03


                                              House keeping
                                              • Meaning; objectives, nature and principle, organisational structure, manpower division and skills, duties and responsibilities of housekeeping staff, liaisoning with other departments and room cleaning
                                              • Types of line on and equipment and materials used in hotel properties, nine gems of maintenance department-tailor, carpenter, mason, electrician, plumber, gardener, laundry, painter, florist

                                              Tourism and travel techniques (accommodation and hospitality operations): Unit 04


                                              Food and beverages service
                                              • Meaning, nature and objectives, manpower structure-bearers, steward, captains- types; layout and design of food beverage service area, types of catering establishments-industrial, commercial, transportational and institutional, F and B equipments
                                              • Cutleries, variety of menus, alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages, billing and payment procedure, traits and grooming of F and B service staff, coordination with other departments

                                              Horticulture (floriculture and landscaping): Unit 01


                                              Importance, definition, status and scope of floriculture, landscaping and interior scaping
                                              • History and styles of gardens.
                                              • Elements and principles of landscape design
                                              • Design and layout of gardens for home, school, college, public buildings, parks, villages
                                              • Important components and features of gardens-gate, lawn, shrubbery, flower beds, borders, paths, hedges, edges, steps, statues, fountains, bird baths, streams, pools, waterfalls, planters, terraces, rockeries, pergolas, arches
                                              • Indoor gardening, principles of interior scaping
                                              • Ornamental trees, shrubs, climbers and groundcovers, their selection based in landscape
                                              • value and use, their planting and maintenance
                                              • Avenue trees
                                              • Colour schemes with plant materials
                                              • Establishment and maintenance of lawns
                                              • Cultivation of bedding plants, bulbs and pot plants
                                              • Commercial cultivation of the following cut flower crops with respect to soil, climate, varieties, propagation, nutrition, irrigation, weeding, pest control, flower regulation, harvesting, grading, packing and marketing: Rose, chrysanthemum, gladiolus
                                              • Packing and marketing: Marigold, carnation, tuberose, jasmine, orchids, crossandra, gerbera, snapdragon, aster and lilies
                                              • Flower arrangements, use of preservatives for prolonging vase life
                                              • Principles of making Bonsai
                                              • Protected cultivation
                                              • Seed production of important flower crops
                                              • Participation in flower shows and exhibitions
                                              • Economics of cultivation of some commercial flowers

                                              Horticulture (commerical crops): Unit 01


                                              Introduction, present status and future prospects of plantation, spice, medicinal and aromatic crops in India
                                              • Commercial cultivation of the following with respect to origin, distribution, area and production, soil, climate, improved varieties, propagation and nursery techniques, lay out and planting, cultural practices related to nutrition
                                              • Commercial cultivation of the following with respect to water management, intercultivation, weed control, plant protection, harvesting, processing, products, storage and marketing of the following
                                              • Plantation crops: Coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashewnut, coffee, cacao, rubber, tea and betelvine
                                              • Spice crops: Cardamom, pepper, cinnamon, clove, ginger, turmeric, fennel, cumin and coriander
                                              • Medicinal crops: Dioscorea, periwinkle, sarpagandha, ashwagandha, steroid bearing solanum, isabgol, senna and liquorice
                                              • Aromatic crops: Lemon grass, citronella, palmarosa, vetiver (khus), geranium, patchaouli, davana, mints and rosemary
                                              • Mushrooms: Their types, environmental requirements, containers, media and its preparation, disinfection, seeding, look after and care, harvesting, dehydration and packing. Preparation and maintenance of culture

                                              Horticulture (post harvest technology): Unit 01


                                              Importance and scope of post harvest technology
                                              • Post harvest changes in different horticultural produce and causes of spoilage/ deterioration including role of bacteria and enzymes
                                              • Post harvest handling procedures: Cleaning, sorting, grading, treatments, packing, storage and transportation
                                              • Storage of fruits, vegetables and flowers: Methods, condition, preparation for storage like pulsing, pre-cooling, dip-treatment, waxing, packing
                                              • Principles and methods of preservation and processing: Refrigeration and freezing; carbonation, heat processing, sundrying and dehydration; use of chemical additives and preservatives and fermentation
                                              • Establishment of small scale processing unit: Site, finance, buildings, water and power supply, sanitation and drainage, labour, machinery and equipment, lay out plan, economics
                                              • Canning of important fruits and vagetables: Canning equipment, machinery and containers; selection of fruits and vegetables, sorting and grading, washing, preparation, blanching, filling, syruping or brining, lidding or crunching, exhausting, sealing
                                              • Canning of important fruits and vagetables: Sterilization, cooling, inspection of defects, labeling, storage and marketing
                                              • Preparation and preservation of fruit and vegetable juices and beverages: Equipment, machinery and containers, types of fruit beverages and methods of their preservation
                                              • Preparation and preservation by sugar: Jam, jelly, marmalade preserve, candy and crystalised fruits
                                              • Preparation and preservation of tomato juice, puree and ketchup
                                              • Preparation and preservation of chutney, sauce spreads
                                              • Preparation and preservation of pickles
                                              • Drying and dehydration of important fruits and vegetables: Equipment, pre-treatment, drying, packaging and storage
                                              • Evaluation of quality of preserved/ processed products
                                              • Processed products specifications and regulations
                                              • Fruit products order (FPO) and prevention of food adulteration act (PFA)

                                              • Meghalaya Board releases the previous year's question papers for a better understanding of the paper pattern and syllabus. 
                                              • By solving these MBOSE HSSLC exams papers in the specified exam duration, students can learn how to manage the exam stress.
                                              • Students can also check their preparedness by solving these Meghalaya Board Class 12th papers.
                                              • It is advised to solve the papers after completing the entire syllabus of MBOSE HSSLC exams 2025. 

                                              To strengthen the MBOSE HSSLC exams 2025 preparation, it is important to study smartly along with hard work. Read these handy tips and tricks given by the exam toppers to learn how to ace MBOSE HSSLC 2025:

                                              • Finish the syllabus one month before the exams: Students should finish the syllabus at least one months before the commencement of MBOSE HSSLC exams 2025. This gives you enough time to revise and solve previous years question papers, sample papers, and mock tests. Practising from these are helpful in the exam. Make a list and keep a track of which subjects/units are left.
                                              • Make a study timetable: Planning a study schedule for MBOSE HSSLC exams 2025 is really helpful as it helps you to finish the exam syllabus on time. Students should allot time for different subjects and divide topics according to their weightage in the exam. Don’t forget to add short breaks in the study timetable.
                                              • Focus on basic concepts: Give more priority to basic concepts before attempting to do advanced topics. If you reach straight into advanced topics, you will get demotivated. Thus, it is advisable to strengthen your basic concepts first and go to the advanced topics for later. Try to solve every problem and example problems in your board prescribed textbook before reaching to the reference books. 
                                              • Give yourself short, achievable goals: Divide the syllabus into small parts and give yourself small goals that are easily achievable. Once you are habitual, start expanding your goals. This is beneficial as it gives you a sense of fulfilment and confidence.
                                              • Take breaks: It is important to take breaks during your studies. Exam stress can be detrimental to your preparation and it only leads to unnecessary anxiety. Try to follow some hobbies or exercise, take walks and eat healthily.

                                              Students can download the admit card for MBOSE HSSLC exams in February 2025. It is mandatory to bring the MBOSE HSSLC admit card 2025 while appearing in the Class 12 board exams. Students can follow the given steps to download the Meghalaya HSSLC admit card-

                                              Step 1: Go to the link provided on this page.

                                              Step 2: Look for the link to the admit card under ‘Latest News’’.

                                              Step 3: Click on the link and type in your details.

                                              Step 4: The admit card for MBOSE HSSLC exams 2025 will load on the screen.

                                              Step 5: Download and take a printout of the admit card as it will be required to take the exams.

                                              Meghalaya Board of Secondary Education will declare the result for MBOSE HSSLC in May 2025 for Science, Commerce, Arts and Vocational streams.

                                              Students can check their MBOSE HSSLC result online on the link provided on this page. Students can follow the step-by-step guide below to check their Meghalaya HSSLC 2025 result:

                                              Step 1: Click on the link provided on this page.

                                              Step 2: Navigate to the link ‘Higher Secondary School Leaving Certificate 2025’ and click on it.

                                              Step 3: Enter your credentials like enrollment number, name etc. and press on submit.

                                              Step 4: MBOSE HSSLC 2025 result can be seen.

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                                              The Meghalaya Board of School Education (MBOSE) will declare the Meghalaya HSSLC result 2021 for Science, Commerce, and Arts in the last week of July 2021.

                                              MBOSE HSSLC Result 2021 Meghalaya - Highlights

                                              Board name Meghalaya Board of School Education
                                              Exam name MBOSE HSSLC Exam
                                              HSSLC Result 2021 Meghalaya Date Last week of July 2021
                                              Official MBOSE Result Website megresults.nic.in
                                              Mode of result Online

                                              To know more about this information, refer the below link,

                                              https://school.careers360.com/articles/mbose-hsslc-result

                                              Hope this information will help you,

                                              All the Best!!!

                                              Hello student,

                                              No. You cannot join College without clearing that one subject in which you failed. To get into College you need to clear that subject in HSSCL.

                                              Within few months they will conduct the exam and results will be declared and later only you can join College. So, till then prepare well for that subject and try to clear it. After clearing that subject you can join Colleges based on the eligibility criteria they have and if you fulfil it.

                                              I hope this information helps you.

                                              Good Luck!!


                                              Hello aspirant,

                                              To get MBOSE Class 12th question paper Chemistry 2016, please visit the official website. There in the search bar, write down "previous question papers" and click it. On clicking, you will find the question papers along with the year accordingly. Click on the link and download the desired question paper in PDF format. Make sure you have the proper document reading application so as to read the PDF.

                                              Hope, this information helps you.

                                              Hello aspirant,

                                              To get MBOSE Class 12th question paper Chemistry 2015, please visit the official website. There in the search bar, write down "previous question papers" and click it. On clicking, you will find the question papers along with the year accordingly. Click on the link and download the desired question paper in PDF format. Make sure you have the proper document reading application so as to read the PDF.

                                              Hope, this information helps you.

                                              Hello Mondal,

                                              As I can see you need the MBOSE Class 12th question papers of 2017. I will be attaching the link below which will redirect you to the website, over there you can download the paper as per your convenience.

                                              Link :- http://www.mbose.in/more.php?category=home&id=11

                                              I hope this information will be useful for you.


                                              If you any have query please don't hesitate to drop message in the comment section below.


                                              All the best!

                                              Syed 26 January 2021
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