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According to the latest CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 10.
You can find NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 on Biotechnology and its Applications here. Biotechnology is changing our world! Biotechnology applies the use of living organisms or biological parts to the development of new products and technology. You're going to see how biotechnology is applied to different areas, including medicine and agriculture, in your Class 12 Biology syllabus.
This article will help you through the key concepts discussed in the Class 12 Biology Chapter Biotechnology and its Applications. You will see the applications of Biotechnology in real life and also learn the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biotechnology and its Applications. NCERT Solutions is prepared to help you understand the material and prepare for your exams.
You can find detailed answers to every chapter of the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology, which are updated to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24.
Also Read,
NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and its Applications
Biotechnological developments in agriculture have changed the agricultural practice. The development of genetically modified (GM) crops is one such area. GM crops are designed to have desirable characteristics, including resistance to insects or better nutritional value.
Benefits of GM Crops: GM crops have the possibility for increased yield, less use of pesticides, and better nutritional content (such as golden rice which is Vitamin A-rich).
Drawbacks of GM Crops: There are concerns about the effect of GM crops on biodiversity and their possible allergenicity.
Class 12 Biotechnology applications NCERT solutions explore the difficulties of how the crops are made and the morals involved in their utilization.
Biotechnology applications in medicine are revolutionizing healthcare. From creating life-saving medicines to creating sophisticated diagnostic tools, biotechnology is leading medical advances.
One of the first achievements of biotechnology was the development of genetically engineered insulin. This has given a safe and efficient treatment for diabetes. Class 12 Biotechnology and its Applications NCERT solutions describe how bacteria such as E. coli can be genetically modified to synthesize human insulin.
Gene therapy is the process of introducing genes into the cells of a patient to cure diseases. A typical example is the cure of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency. During this therapy, functional genes are inserted into the lymphocytes of the patient. The NCERT solutions class 12 Biology Biotechnology and its Applications give a step-by-step explanation of this process.
Biotechnology has made it possible to produce highly sensitive molecular diagnostic methods. These methods can identify diseases at an early stage, improving the results of treatment.
Transgenic animals are animals whose genes have been altered. They are used for several purposes, ranging from researching diseases to manufacturing useful proteins. The ethical concerns involving transgenic animals are also dealt with in the Class 12 Biology chapter on Biotechnology.
With the development of biotechnology, it is important to look at the ethical aspects of its applications. Problems like the safety of GM crops and the misuse of gene therapy must be given serious thought. The Class 12 Biology Biotechnology applications NCERT solutions urge students to think deeply about these ethical issues.
Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 NCERT solutions provide complete answers to all the questions in the textbook. They are designed to help you:
Understand the concepts better
Prepare for your exams
Develop a deeper appreciation for biotechnology
You can find these solutions in PDF format for easy access and study.
Here's a summary of the key topics discussed in the Biotechnology Chapter 10 class 12 NCERT solutions:
Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture
Biotechnological Applications in Medicine
Transgenic Animals
Ethical Issues
Learning these topics using Class 12 Biology Biotechnology applications NCERT solutions will help you prepare well for your exams and learn about the fascinating field of biotechnology.
Exercise page no. 215 – 216
Q1. Crystals of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because-
(a) bacteria are resistant to the toxin
(b) toxin is immature
(c) toxin is inactive
(d) bacteria enclose toxins in a special sac.
Answer:
Bt toxin crystals formed in bacteria do not kill the bacteria because the toxin is inactive. The Bt toxin is in an inactive state inside the bacteria and is only activated when it is ingested by insects, where it is activated by the alkaline pH of the insect gut.
Hence the correct answer is (c) Toxin is inactive
Q2. What are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example.
Answer:
Transgenic bacteria are those whose genomes have been altered by recombinant DNA technology to include foreign genes. A good example is transgenic E. coli, which has been genetically modified to produce human insulin by the introduction of DNA sequences encoding the A and B chains of insulin, thus allowing it to synthesize insulin for the treatment of diabetes.
Answer:
The following table shows the advantages and disadvantages of GM crops:
Advantages | Disadvantages |
Increased productivity and yield | Potential risk to wild species due to transgenes |
Enhanced nutritional quality (e.g., golden rice) | Possible allergenicity and transfer of antibiotic resistance markers |
Insect pest resistance reduces chemical pesticide use | Environmental concerns regarding genetic contamination |
Tolerance to abiotic stresses (drought, salinity) | Impact on biodiversity and ecosystem balance |
Reduced post-harvest losses |
Answer:
Cry proteins are insecticidal proteins carried by the cry genes, which are produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). They are toxic to many insect larvae, especially those belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Humans have utilized Cry proteins by transferring the cry genes into genetically modified crops like Bt cotton and Bt brinjal, rendering them resistant to certain insect pests.
Q5. What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
Answer:
Gene therapy includes methods to fix or substitute faulty genes that cause disease occurrence. ADA deficiency, for example, is a result of a mutation in the gene for the adenosine deaminase enzyme. In one important case, a 4-year-old patient received gene therapy in which his lymphocytes were grown, a viable ADA cDNA was introduced with a retroviral vector, and afterward these converted cells were administered back into the patient's circulation.
Answer: Below is the diagram to represent the steps in DNA cloning.
Diagrammatic representation of steps in DNA cloning
Answer:
By recombinant DNA technology, it is possible to silence genes involved in the synthesis of glycerol and fatty acids in seeds, thereby lowering or even abolishing oil content (hydrocarbons). This is possible through methods like RNA interference (RNAi).
Q8. Find out from the internet what is golden rice.
Answer:
Golden rice is a genetically modified rice variety engineered to synthesize beta-carotene, the precursor of vitamin A, in its endosperm instead of merely in its leaves. This was achieved by introducing two genes: psy from daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) and crtI from the bacterium Erwinia uredovora, both driven by endosperm-specific promoters.
Q9. Does our blood have proteases and nucleases?
Answer:
Blood has no proteases or nucleases; rather, it has protease inhibitors that safeguard proteins from breakdown by proteases when circulating.
Answer:
For preparing orally active protein drugs, proteins or peptides are encapsulated in liposomes along with penetration enhancers for oral administration. The principal difficulty encountered is that the proteins can be hydrolyzed by the proteases of the stomach prior to exerting their therapeutic action, which requires alternative routes of administration directly to target locations.
The important topics in the CBSE biotechnology book class 12 solutions are given below:
Section Name | Topic Name |
12 | Biotechnology and its Applications |
12.1 | Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture |
12.2 | Biotechnological Applications in Medicine |
12.3 | Transgenic Animals |
12.4 | Ethical Issues |
12.5 | Summary |
12.2.1 - Genetically Engineered Insulin
12.2.2 - Gene Therapy
12.2.3 - Molecular Diagnosis
Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 NCERT Solutions highlights are given below:
Biotechnology and its Applications class 12 NCERT solutions are in very simple words, so you can easily read and understand them.
In Class 12 Biotechnology applications NCERT solutions answers are provided in points so that you can learn easily and quickly.
The NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology Biotechnology and its Application is taken from the NCERT textbook and is developed by experts.
Class 12 Biology chapter on Biotechnology NCERT solutions is according to the new CBSE syllabus and guidelines.
Free PDF links of Biotechnology Chapter 10 class 12 NCERT solutions are available and can be easily downloaded.
Important points are described clearly in question-answer format.
These NCERT solutions class 12 Biology Biotechnology and its Applications are an excellent source of information regarding the applications of biotechnology.
They assist you in preparing for exams such as NEET and your Class 12 board exam.
By studying Class 12 Biology Biotechnology applications NCERT solutions, you will gain more knowledge and interest in biology.
NCERT is the foundation for the study, and NCERT solutions class 12 Biology Biotechnology and its Applications are readily available.
Students can check the given detailed NCERT biology syllabus Class 12 from the table. It is important to know and understand the Class 12 biology NCERT syllabus in detail. Below mentioned are the chapter-wise important topics of the CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus 2024-25.
NCERT Chapter-wise Solution | Important Topics |
Flower Structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; pollination -Types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; post-fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization, etc. | |
Embryo development up to blastocyst formation, menstrual cycle, fertilisation, Male and Female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis - spermatogenesis and oogenesis, etc. | |
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - contraception and medical termination of pregnancy, need and methods, etc. | |
Chromosome theory of inheritance; linkage and crossing over; sex-linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans, Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and inheritance, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance, etc. | |
Central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon, Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication, etc. | |
Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution, Origin of life; biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution (palaeontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence), etc. | |
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm) and their control, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, etc. | |
Energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers, In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, etc. | |
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology). | |
Chapter 10 - Biotechnology and its Applications | Stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms, Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, etc. |
Population and ecological adaptations; population interactions - mutualism, Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, competition, predation, parasitism, etc. | |
Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession, etc. | |
Biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity, etc. | |
Total - 13 chapters |
To download biotechnology and its applications class 12 ncert pdf for 12 biology chapter , students can use the online webpage to pdf converter tools. To Score Well in the examination, follow the NCERT syllabus and exercise given in the NCERT Book. To practice more problems, students can refer to the NCERT exemplar.
The benefits of NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 10 biotechnology and its applications are:
The applications of biotechnology include:
The field of biotechnology, according to NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10, uses living things to advance technology in a variety of areas for the long-term welfare of humanity. It has uses in both the medical and agricultural fields. Since more than 6000 years ago, the biological processes of living things have been utilised to create necessary goods like bread, cheese, alcohol, etc.
Students can focus more clearly and save time by using the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10. The experts carefully prepare the solutions in accordance with the most recent CBSE Syllabus. To get a clear understanding of the concepts, which are crucial for the CBSE exams, students can consult the solutions while completing the questions from the textbook.
Chapter 10 of NCERT Class 12 Biology focuses on the applications of biotechnology in various fields. Key topics include:
Introduction to biotechnology and its significance
Techniques of genetic engineering, including recombinant DNA technology
Applications in agriculture, such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Applications in medicine, including biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy
Environmental biotechnology and bioremediation
Ethical issues and bio-patents related to biotechnology
These topics highlight the transformative potential of biotechnology across multiple sectors.
In Agriculture:
Biotechnology enhances agricultural productivity through the development of genetically modified crops (GMOs) that are resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stressors. For example:
Bt cotton reduces the need for chemical pesticides by producing a toxin that targets specific pests.
In Healthcare:
Biotechnology aids in producing biopharmaceuticals such as insulin, vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies. Gene therapy is another critical application that aims to treat genetic disorders by delivering functional genes to replace defective ones.
defective or missing genes responsible for disease development. According to NCERT, this approach aims to treat various genetic disorders, such as:
Cystic fibrosis
Hemophilia
Certain types of cancer
Gene therapy represents a promising frontier in medical treatment by addressing the root cause of genetic diseases.
Advantages:
Increased agricultural yield and productivity.
Reduced dependency on chemical pesticides.
Enhanced nutritional content of food crops.
Improved resistance to environmental stressors.
Disadvantages:
Potential ecological risks due to cross-contamination with wild species.
Ethical concerns regarding genetic manipulation practices.
Risk of reduced biodiversity in ecosystems.
NCERT emphasizes that while GMOs offer numerous benefits, their long-term impacts must be carefully considered.
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process where double-stranded RNA molecules inhibit gene expression by degrading messenger RNA (mRNA). In pest resistance:
RNAi can specifically target genes in pests that are crucial for their growth or reproduction, effectively silencing these genes.
This innovative method allows for the development of pest-resistant crops without introducing foreign DNA into plants.
According to NCERT Solutions, RNAi represents a cutting-edge approach to sustainable agriculture.
Bt cotton is a genetically modified crop that contains a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which produces a toxin harmful to certain insect pests like bollworms. Its importance lies in:
Reducing pesticide usage, which benefits both farmers and the environment.
Increasing cotton yield by providing inherent protection against pests.
Bt cotton exemplifies how biotechnology can effectively address agricultural challenges.
Bio-patents: Protect intellectual property rights for biotechnological inventions but may limit access to essential products like medicines or seeds due to high costs.
Bioethics: Raises concerns about genetic manipulation, biodiversity loss, and equitable access to biotechnological advancements. Ethical considerations are crucial for ensuring responsible use of biotechnology.
NCERT highlights the need for balancing innovation with ethical practices in biotechnology applications.
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Changing from the CBSE board to the Odisha CHSE in Class 12 is generally difficult and often not ideal due to differences in syllabi and examination structures. Most boards, including Odisha CHSE , do not recommend switching in the final year of schooling. It is crucial to consult both CBSE and Odisha CHSE authorities for specific policies, but making such a change earlier is advisable to prevent academic complications.
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If you're after more practice material, some textbook publishers release their own mock papers which can be useful too.
Let me know if you need any other tips for your math prep. Good luck with your studies!
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