NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices

Edited By Ramraj Saini | Updated on Sep 13, 2023 08:58 PM IST | #CBSE Class 12th

Matrices Class 12 Questions And Answers

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices are provided here. Matrices is an important and powerful tool in mathematics and it's basically introduced to solve simultaneous linear equations. maths chapter 3 class 12 includes the type of matrices, operations of matrices, and many more concepts. These concepts are used to solve challenging problems of 3d geometry, and determinants Therefore matrices class 12 solutions become important to get command of concepts. The NCERT Solutions are prepared by expert team according the latest syllabus of CBSE 2023. Also, Students can refer matrices class 12 NCERT solutions which covers all the questions of NCERT Books for Class 12 Maths.

Latest: JEE Main high scoring chapters | JEE Main 10 year's papers

This Story also Contains

Matrices Class 12 Questions And Answers
Matrices Class 12 Questions And Answers PDF Free Download
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices - Important Formulae
Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Question Answer (Intext Questions and Exercise)
More about NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices
Matrices Class 12 NCERT solutions - Topics
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 - Subject Wise
NCERT solutions for class 12 maths - Chapter wise
NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices

The practice from NCERT solutions for class 12 maths Chapter 3 Matrices is very important to score well in academics as well as in competitive exams. Matrices class 12 also includes exercises you can also solve to build hold on the concepts. All the questions in NCERT maths class 12 chapter 3 are explained in a detailed manner. You can also refer to class 12 maths ncert solutions chapter 3 matrices by clicking on the link NCERT solutions for Class 12.

Also read:

VMC VIQ Scholarship Test

Apply

Pearson | PTE

Register now for PTE & Unlock 20% OFF : Use promo code: 'C360SPL20'. Valid till 30th NOV'24! Trusted by 3,500+ universities globally

Apply

Matrices Class 12 Questions And Answers PDF Free Download

Download PDF

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices - Important Formulae

Matrix Definition and Properties:

A matrix is an ordered rectangular array of numbers or functions.

A matrix of order m × n consists of m rows and n columns.

The order of a matrix is written as m × n, where m is the number of rows and n is the number of columns.

A matrix is called a square matrix when m = n.

A diagonal matrix A = [a_ij]_m×m has a_ij = 0 when i ≠ j.

A scalar matrix A = [a_ij]_n×n has a_ij = 0 when i ≠ j, aij = k (where k is a constant)

when i = j.

An identity matrix A = [a_ij]n×n has a_ij = 1 when i = j and a_ij = 0 when i ≠ j.

A zero matrix contains all its elements as zero.

A column matrix is of the form [A]_{n × 1}.

A row matrix is of the form [A]_{1 × n}.

Equality of Matrices:

Two matrices A and B are equal (A = B) if they have the same order and a_ij = b_ij for all the corresponding values of i and j.

Operations on Matrices:

Matrix Addition:

If A = [a_ij]_{m × n} and B = [b_ij]_{m × n}, then A + B = [a_ij + b_ij]m × n.

JEE Main Highest Scoring Chapters & Topics

Just Study 40% Syllabus and Score upto 100%

Download EBook

Matrix Subtraction:

If A = [a_ij]_{m × n} and B = [b_ij]_{m × n}, then A - B = [a_ij - b_ij]_{m × n}.

Multiplication of a Matrix by Scalar:

Let A = [a_ij]_{m × n} be a matrix and k is a scalar, then kA is obtained by multiplying each element of A by the scalar k, i.e., kA = [ka_ij]_{m × n}.

Multiplication of Matrices:

Let A be an m × p matrix, and B be a p × n matrix. Their product AB is defined if the number of columns in A is equal to the number of rows in B. The resulting matrix is an m × n matrix, and the elements are calculated as follows: (AB)_ij = Σ(a_i * b_j), where the sum is taken over all values of p.

Transpose of a Matrix:

The transpose of a matrix A, denoted as AT, is obtained by interchanging its rows and columns.

Symmetric and Skew-Symmetric Matrices:

A matrix A is symmetric if A = AT (i.e., it is equal to its transpose).

A matrix A is skew-symmetric if AT = -A (i.e., the transpose of A is equal to the negative of A).

Elementary Operation or Transformation of a Matrix:

Elementary row operations include:

Interchanging any two rows.
Multiplying a row by a non-zero scalar.
Adding or subtracting a multiple of one row from another row.

Inverse of a Matrix by Elementary Operations:

You can find the inverse of a matrix using elementary row operations. If the matrix A is invertible, you can transform it into the identity matrix I through row operations on an augmented matrix [A | I], where I is the identity matrix of the same order as A. If this process is successful, the resulting matrix on the left will be I, and the matrix on the right will be the inverse of A.

Free download Matrices Class 12 Questions And Answers for CBSE Exam.

Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Question Answer (Intext Questions and Exercise)

Matrices Class 12 Questions And Answers: Exercise 3.1

Question:1(i). In the matrix $A = \begin{bmatrix} 2& 5 &19 &-7 \\ 35 & -2 & \frac{5}{2} &12 \\ \sqrt3& 1 &-5 &17 \end{bmatrix}$ , write:

The order of the matrix

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 2& 5 &19 &-7 \\ 35 & -2 & \frac{5}{2} &12 \\ \sqrt3& 1 &-5 &17 \end{bmatrix}$

(i) The order of the matrix = number of row $\times$ number of columns $= 3\times 4$ .

Question 1(ii). In the matrix $A = \begin{bmatrix}2&5&19&-7&\\ 35& -2&\frac{5}{2}&12\\\sqrt3&1&-5&17 \end{bmatrix}$ , write:

The number of elements

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix}2&5&19&-7&\\ 35& -2&\frac{5}{2}&12\\\sqrt3&1&-5&17 \end{bmatrix}$

(ii) The number of elements $3\times 4=12$ .

Question 1(iii). In the matrix $A = \begin{bmatrix}2&5&19&-7&\\35&-2&\frac{5}{2}&12\\\sqrt3&1&-5&17 \end{bmatrix}$ , write:

Write the elements a ₁₃ , a ₂₁ , a ₃₃ , a ₂₄ , a ₂₃

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix}2&5&19&-7&\\35&-2&\frac{5}{2}&12\\\sqrt3&1&-5&17 \end{bmatrix}$

(iii) An element $a_{ij}$ implies the element in raw number i and column number j.

$a_1_3= 19$ $a_2_1= 35$

$a_3_3= -5$ $a_2_4= 12$

$a_2_3= \frac{5}{2}$

Question 2. If a matrix has 24 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it has 13 elements?

Answer:

A matrix has 24 elements.

The possible orders are :

$1\times 24,24\times 1,2\times 12,12\times 2,3\times 8,8\times 3,4\times 6 \, \, and\, \, 6\times 4$ .

If it has 13 elements, then possible orders are :

$1\times 13\, \, \, and \, \, \, \, 13\times 1$ .

Question 3. If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it has 5 elements?

Answer:

A matrix has 18 elements.

The possible orders are as given below

$1\times 18,18\times 1,2\times 9,9\times 2,3\times 6\, \, \, and\, \, \, \, 6\times 3$

If it has 5 elements, then possible orders are :

$1\times 5\, \, \, and \, \, \, \, 5\times 1$ .

Question 4(i). Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, $A = [a_{ij} ]$ whose elements are given by:

$a_{ij} = \frac{(i + j)^2}{2}$

Answer:

$A = [a_{ij} ]$

(i) $a_{ij} = \frac{(i + j)^2}{2}$

Each element of this matrix is calculated as follows

$a_1_1 = \frac{(1+1)^{2}}{2} =\frac{2^{2}}{2}=\frac{4}{2}=2$ $a_2_2 = \frac{(2+2)^{2}}{2} =\frac{4^{2}}{2}=\frac{16}{2}=8$

$a_1_2 = \frac{(1+2)^{2}}{2} =\frac{3^{2}}{2}=\frac{9}{2}=4.5$ $a_2_1 = \frac{(2+1)^{2}}{2} =\frac{3^{2}}{2}=\frac{9}{2}=4.5$

Matrix A is given by

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 2&4.5 \\4.5 & 8 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 4(ii). Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, $A = [a_{ij} ]$ , whose elements are given by:

$a_{ij} = \frac{i}{j}$

Answer:

A 2 × 2 matrix, $A = [a_{ij} ]$

(ii) $a_{ij} = \frac{i}{j}$

$a_1_1 = \frac{1}{1}=1$ $a_2_2 = \frac{2}{2}=1$

$a_1_2 = \frac{1}{2}$ $a_2_1 = \frac{2}{1}=2$

Hence, the matrix is

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 1& \frac{1}{2} \\ 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 4(iii). Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, $A = [a_{ij} ]$ , whose elements are given by:

$a_{ij} = \frac{(i+2j)^2}{2}$

Answer:

(iii)

$a_{ij} = \frac{(i+2j)^2}{2}$

$a_1_1 = \frac{(1+(2\times 1))^{2}}{2}= \frac{(1+2)^{2}}{2}=\frac{3^{2}}{2}=\frac{9}{2}$ $a_2_2 = \frac{(2+(2\times 2))^{2}}{2}= \frac{(2+4)^{2}}{2}=\frac{6^{2}}{2}=\frac{36}{2}=18$

$a_2_1 = \frac{(2+(2\times 1))^{2}}{2}= \frac{(2+2)^{2}}{2}=\frac{4^{2}}{2}=\frac{16}{2}=8$ $a_1_2 = \frac{(1+(2\times 2))^{2}}{2}= \frac{(1+4)^{2}}{2}=\frac{5^{2}}{2}=\frac{25}{2}$

Hence, the matrix is given by

$A = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{9}{2}& \frac{25}{2} \\ 8 & 18 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 5(i). Construct a 3 × 4 matrix, whose elements are given by:

$a_{ij} = \frac{1}{2}|-3i + j|$

Answer:

(i)

$a_{ij} = \frac{1}{2}|-3i + j|$

$a_1_1 = \frac{\left | -3+1 \right |}{2}=\frac{2}{2}=1$ $a_1_2 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 1)+2 \right |}{2}=\frac{1}{2}$ $a_1_3 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 1)+3 \right |}{2}=0$

$a_2_1 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 2)+1 \right |}{2}=\frac{5}{2}$ $a_2_2 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 2)+2 \right |}{2}=\frac{4}{2}=2$ $a_2_3 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 2)+3 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -6+3 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -3 \right |}{2} =\frac{3}{2}$

$a_3_1 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 3)+1 \right |}{2}=\frac{8}{2}=4$ $a_3_2 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 3)+2 \right |}{2}=\frac{7}{2}$ $a_3_3 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 3)+3 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -9+3 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -6 \right |}{2} =\frac{6}{2}=3$

$a_1_4 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 1)+4 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -3+4 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | 1 \right |}{2} =\frac{1}{2}$ $a_2_4 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 2)+4 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -6+4 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -2 \right |}{2} =\frac{2}{2}=1$

$a_3_4 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 3)+4 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -9+4 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -5 \right |}{2} =\frac{5}{2}$

Hence, the required matrix of the given order is

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 1& \frac{1}{2} & 0&\frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{5}{2} & 2&\frac{3}{2}&1 \\4&\frac{7}{2}&3&\frac{5}{2}\end{bmatrix}$

Question 5(ii) Construct a 3 × 4 matrix, whose elements are given by:

$a_{ij} = 2i - j$

Answer:

A 3 × 4 matrix,

(ii) $a_{ij} = 2i - j$

$a_1_1 = 2\times 1-1 =2-1=1$ $a_1_2 = 2\times 1-2 =2-2=0$ $a_1_3 = 2\times 1-3 =2-3=-1$

$a_2_1 = 2\times 2-1 =4-1=3$ $a_2_2= 2\times 2-2 =4-2=2$ $a_2_3 = 2\times 2-3 =4-3=1$ $a_3_1 = 2\times 3-1 =6-1=5$ $a_3_2 = 2\times 3-2 =6-2=4$ $a_3_3 = 2\times 3-3 =6-3=3$

$a_1_4 = 2\times 1-4 =2-4=-2$ $a_2_4= 2\times 2-4 =4-4=0$ $a_3_4= 2\times 3-4 =6-4=2$

Hence, the matrix is

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0& -1& -2 \\ \ 3 & 2&1& 0 \\5&4&3&2\end{bmatrix}$

Question 6(i). Find the values of x, y and z from the following equations:

$\begin{bmatrix}4&3\\x&5 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}y&z\\1&5 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(i) $\begin{bmatrix}4&3\\x&5 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}y&z\\1&5 \end{bmatrix}$

If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal.

$\therefore$ $x=1\, \, \, ,\, \, \, y=4\, \, \, \, and\, \, \, \, z=3$

Question 6(ii) Find the values of x, y and z from the following equations:

$\begin{bmatrix} x +y & 2\\ 5 + z & xy \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 6 &2 \\ 5 & 8 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(ii)

$\begin{bmatrix} x +y & 2\\ 5 + z & xy \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 6 &2 \\ 5 & 8 \end{bmatrix}$

If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal.

$\therefore$ $x+y=6$ $\cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot (i)$

$x=6-y$

$xy=8$ $\cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot (ii)$

Solving equation (i) and (ii) ,

$(6-y)y =8$

$6y-y^{2}=8$

$y^{2}-6y+8=0$

solving this equation we get,

$y=4 \, \, and\, \, y=2$

Putting the values of y, we get

$x=2 \, \, and\, \, x=4$

And also equating the first element of the second raw

$5+z = 5$ , $z=0$

Hence,

$x=2,y=4,z=0\, \, \, \, \, and\, \, \, \, \, \, x=4,y=2,z=0$

Question 6(iii) Find the values of x, y and z from the following equations

$\begin{bmatrix} x + y + z\\ x + z \\ y + z \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 9\\5 \\7 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(iii)

$\begin{bmatrix} x + y + z\\ x + z \\ y + z \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 9\\5 \\7 \end{bmatrix}$

If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal

$x+y+z=9........(1)$

$x+z=5..............(2)$

$y+z=7..............(3)$

subtracting (2) from (1) we will get y=4

substituting the value of y in equation (3) we will get z=3

now substituting the value of z in equation (2) we will get x=2

therefore,

$x=2$ , $y=4$ and $z=3$

Question 7. Find the value of a, b, c and d from the equation:

$\begin{bmatrix} a -b & 2a + c\\ 2a - b & 3c + d \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 5\\ 0 & 13 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$\begin{bmatrix} a -b & 2a + c\\ 2a - b & 3c + d \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 5\\ 0 & 13 \end{bmatrix}$

If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal

$a-b=-1$ $.............................1$

$2a+c=5$ $.............................2$

$2a-b=0$ $.............................3$

$3c+d=13$ $.............................4$

Solving equation 1 and 3 , we get

$a=1 \, \, \, \, and \, \, \, \, b=2$

Putting the value of a in equation 2, we get

$c=3$

Putting the value of c in equation 4 , we get

$d=4$

Question 8. $A = [a_{ij}]_{m\times n}$ is a square matrix, if

(A) $m <n$

(B) $m >n$

(D) None of these

Answer:

A square matrix has the number of rows and columns equal.

Thus, for $A = [a_{ij}]_{m\times n}$ to be a square matrix m and n should be equal.

Option (c) is .

Question 9. Which of the given values of x and y make the following pair of matrices equal

$\begin{bmatrix} 3x + 7 &5 \\ y + 1 & 2 -3x \end{bmatrix}$ , $\begin{bmatrix} 0 & y - 2 \\ 8 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

(A) $x = \frac{-1}{3}, y = 7$

(B) Not possible to find

(D) $x = \frac{-1}{3}, y = \frac{-2}{3}$

Answer:

Given, $\begin{bmatrix} 3x + 7 &5 \\ y + 1 & 2 -3x \end{bmatrix}$ $=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & y - 2 \\ 8 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal

$3x+7=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{-7}{3}$

$y-2=5 \Rightarrow y=5+2=7$

$y+1=8\Rightarrow y=8-1=7$

$2-3x=4\Rightarrow 3x=2-4\Rightarrow 3x=-2\Rightarrow x=\frac{-2}{3}$

Here, the value of x is not unique, so option B is correct.

Question 10. The number of all possible matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is:

(A) 27
(B) 18
(C) 81
(D) 512

Answer:

Total number of elements in a 3 × 3 matrix

$=3\times 3=9$

If each entry is 0 or 1 then for every entry there are 2 permutations.

The total permutations for 9 elements

$=2^{9}=512$

Thus, option (D) is correct.

Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Question Answer: Exercise 3.2

Question 1(i) Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ , $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$ , $C = \begin{bmatrix} -2 &5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Find each of the following:

A + B

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

(i) A + B

The addition of matrix can be done as follows

$A+B = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+B = \begin{bmatrix} 2+1 &4+3 \\ 3+(-2) & 2+5 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+B = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &7 \\ 1 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 1(ii) Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ , $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$ , $C = \begin{bmatrix} -2 &5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Find each of the following:

A - B

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

(ii) A - B

$A-B = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

$A-B = \begin{bmatrix} 2-1 &4-3 \\ 3-(-2) & 2-5 \end{bmatrix}$

$A-B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &1 \\ 5 & -3 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 1(iii) Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ , $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$ , $C = \begin{bmatrix} -2 &5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Find each of the following:

3A - C

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $C = \begin{bmatrix} -2 &5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

(iii) 3A - C

First multiply each element of A with 3 and then subtract C

$3A -C = 3\begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} -2 &5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$3A -C = \begin{bmatrix} 6 &12 \\ 9 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} -2 &5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$3A -C = \begin{bmatrix} 6-(-2) &12-5 \\ 9-3 & 6-4 \end{bmatrix}$

$3A -C = \begin{bmatrix} 8 &7 \\ 6 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 1(iv) Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ , $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$ , $C = \begin{bmatrix} -2 &5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Find each of the following:

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

(iv) AB

$AB = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $\times \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

$AB = \begin{bmatrix} 2\times 1+4\times -2 & \, \, \, 2\times 3+4\times 5 \\ 3\times 1+2\times -2 & \, \, \, 3\times 3+2 \times 5 \end{bmatrix}$

$AB = \begin{bmatrix} -6 &26 \\ -1 & 19 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 1(v) Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ , $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$ , $C = \begin{bmatrix} -2 &5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Find each of the following:

Answer:

The multiplication is performed as follows

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ , $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

$BA = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ -2 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$ $\times \begin{bmatrix} 2 &4 \\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$BA = \begin{bmatrix} 1\times 2+3\times 3 &1\times 4+3\times 2 \\ -2\times 2+5\times 3& -2\times 4+2\times 5 \end{bmatrix}$

$BA = \begin{bmatrix} 11 &10 \\ 11& 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 2(i). Compute the following:

$\begin{bmatrix} a &b \\ -b& a \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} a &b \\ b& a \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(i) $\begin{bmatrix} a &b \\ -b& a \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} a &b \\ b& a \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} a+a &b+b \\ -b+b & a+a \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 2a &2b \\ 0 & 2a \end{bmatrix}$

Question 2(ii). Compute the following:

$\begin{bmatrix} a^2 + b^2& b^2+c^2\\ a^2 + c^2& a^2 + b^2 \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 2ab &2bc \\ -2ac & -2ab \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(ii) The addition operation can be performed as follows

$\begin{bmatrix} a^2 + b^2& b^2+c^2\\ a^2 + c^2& a^2 + b^2 \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 2ab &2bc \\ -2ac & -2ab \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} a^2 + b^2+2ab& b^2+c^2+2bc\\ a^2 + c^2-2ac& a^2 + b^2-2ab \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} (a+b)^2 & (b+c)^2\\ (a-c)^2 & (a-b)^2 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 2(iii). Compute the following:

$\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 4 & -6\\ 8 & 5 & 16\\ 2 & 8 & 5 \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 12 & 7 & 6\\ 8 & 0 &5 \\ 3 & 2 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(iii) The addition of given three by three matrix is performed as follows

$\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 4 & -6\\ 8 & 5 & 16\\ 2 & 8 & 5 \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 12 & 7 & 6\\ 8 & 0 &5 \\ 3 & 2 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} -1+12 & 4+7 & -6+6\\ 8+8 & 5+0 & 16+5\\ 2+3 & 8+2 & 5+4 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 11 & 11 & 0\\ 16 & 5 & 21\\ 5 & 10 & 9 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 2(iv). Compute the following:

$\begin{bmatrix} \cos^2 x &\sin^2 x\\ \sin^2 x & \cos^2x \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} \sin^2 x &\cos^2 x\\ \cos^2 x & \sin^2x \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(iv) the addition is done as follows

$\begin{bmatrix} \cos^2 x &\sin^2 x\\ \sin^2 x & \cos^2x \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} \sin^2 x &\cos^2 x\\ \cos^2 x & \sin^2x \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} \cos^2+ \sin^2 x &\sin^2 x+\cos^2 x\\ \sin^2 x+\cos^2 x & \cos^2x+ \sin^2 x \end{bmatrix}$ since $sin^2x+cos^2x=1$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 1 &1\\ 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 3(i). Compute the indicated products.

$\begin{bmatrix} a &b \\ -b &a \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} a & -b \\ b &a \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(i) The multiplication is performed as follows

$\begin{bmatrix} a &b \\ -b &a \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} a & -b \\ b &a \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} a &b \\ -b &a \end{bmatrix} \times \begin{bmatrix} a & -b \\ b &a \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} a\times a+b\times b &a\times -b+b\times a \\ -b\times a+a\times b &-b\times -b+a\times a \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} a^{2}+b^{2} & 0 \\ 0 & b^{2}+a^{2} \end{bmatrix}$

Question 3(ii). Compute the indicated products.

$\begin{bmatrix} 1\\ 2\\ 3 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(ii) the multiplication can be performed as follows

$\begin{bmatrix} 1\\ 2\\ 3 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 1\times 2 &1\times 3&1\times 4\\ 2\times 2&2\times 3&2\times 4\\3\times 2&3\times 3&3\times 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 2 &3& 4\\ 4&6&8\\6&9&12 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 3(iii). Compute the indicated products.

$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -2\\ 2 & 3 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 1 &2 &3\\ 2 & 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(iii) The multiplication can be performed as follows

$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -2\\ 2 & 3 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 1 &2 &3\\ 2 & 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 1\times 1+(-2)\times 2 & 1\times 2+(-2)\times 3&1\times 3+(-2)\times 1\\ 2\times 1+3\times 2 & 2\times 2+3\times 3&2\times 3+3\times 1 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 3(iv). Compute the indicated products.

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 3 & 4\\ 3 & 4 & 5\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -3 & 5\\ 0& 2 & 4\\ 3 & 0 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(iv) The multiplication is performed as follows

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 3 & 4\\ 3 & 4 & 5\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -3 & 5\\ 0& 2 & 4\\ 3 & 0 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 3 & 4\\ 3 & 4 & 5\\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{bmatrix}\times \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -3 & 5\\ 0& 2 & 4\\ 3 & 0 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 2\times 1+3\times 0+4\times 3 \, \, & 2\times (-3)+3\times 2+4\times 0 \, \, & 2\times 5+3\times 4+4\times 5 \\ 3\times 1+4\times 0+5\times 3 \, \, & 3\times (-3)+4\times 2+5\times 0 & 3\times 5+4\times 4+5\times 5 \\ 4\times 1+5\times 0+6\times 3 \, \, & 4\times (-3)+5\times 2+6\times 0\, \, & 4\times 5+5\times 4+6\times 5 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 14 & 0 & 42\\ 18 & -1 & 56\\ 22 & -2 & 70 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 3(v). Compute the indicated products.

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 &1 \\ 3 & 2\\ -1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 1\\ -1 &2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(v) The product can be computed as follows

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 &1 \\ 3 & 2\\ -1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 1\\ -1 &2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 2 &1 \\ 3 & 2\\ -1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\times \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 1\\ -1 &2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 2\times 1+1\times (-1) &2\times 0+1\times (2) & 2\times 1+1\times (1) \\ 3\times 1+2\times (-1) & 3\times 0+2\times (2) &3\times 1+2\times (1) \\ (-1)\times 1+1\times (-1) & (-1)\times 0+1\times (2) & (-1)\times 1+1\times (1) \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 1 &2&3 \\ 1 & 4&5\\ -2 & 2&0 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 3(vi). Compute the indicated products.

$\begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1 & 3\\ -1 & 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3\\ 1 & 0\\ 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(vi) The given product can be computed as follows

$\begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1 & 3\\ -1 & 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3\\ 1 & 0\\ 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1 & 3\\ -1 & 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix}\times \begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3\\ 1 & 0\\ 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 3 \times 2+(-1)\times 1+3\times 3\, \, \, & 3 \times (-3)+(-1)\times 0+3\times 1 \\ (-1) \times 2+ 0 \times 1+2\times 3 \, \, \, & (-1) \times -3+0\times 0+2\times 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 14 & -6 \\ 4 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 4. If $A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &2 &-3 \\ 5 &0 &2 \\ 1 & -1 &1 \end{bmatrix}$ , $B = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &-1 &2 \\ 4 &2 &5 \\ 2 & 0 &3 \end{bmatrix}$ and $C = \begin{bmatrix} 4 &1 &2 \\ 0 &3 &2 \\ 1 & -2 &3 \end{bmatrix}$ , then compute (A+B) and (B-C). Also verify that A + (B - C) = (A + B) - C

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &2 &-3 \\ 5 &0 &2 \\ 1 & -1 &1 \end{bmatrix}$ , $B = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &-1 &2 \\ 4 &2 &5 \\ 2 & 0 &3 \end{bmatrix}$ and $C = \begin{bmatrix} 4 &1 &2 \\ 0 &3 &2 \\ 1 & -2 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &2 &-3 \\ 5 &0 &2 \\ 1 & -1 &1 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} 3 &-1 &2 \\ 4 &2 &5 \\ 2 & 0 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+B = \begin{bmatrix} 1+3 &2+(-1) &-3+2 \\ 5+4 &0+2 &2+5 \\ 1+2 & -1+0 &1+3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+B = \begin{bmatrix} 4 &1 &-1 \\ 9 &2 &7 \\ 3 & -1 &4 \end{bmatrix}$

$B-C = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &-1 &2 \\ 4 &2 &5 \\ 2 & 0 &3 \end{bmatrix}$ $-\begin{bmatrix} 4 &1 &2 \\ 0 &3 &2 \\ 1 & -2 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$B-C = \begin{bmatrix} 3-4 &-1-1 &2-2 \\ 4-0 &2-3 &5-2 \\ 2-1 & 0-(-2) &3-3 \end{bmatrix}$

$B-C = \begin{bmatrix} -1 &-2 &0 \\ 4 &-1 &3 \\ 1 & 2 &0 \end{bmatrix}$

Now, to prove A + (B - C) = (A + B) - C

$L.H.S\, \, :\, A+(B-C)$

$A+(B-C)=\begin{bmatrix} 1 &2 &-3 \\ 5 &0 &2 \\ 1 & -1 &1 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} -1 &-2 &0 \\ 4 &-1 &3 \\ 1 & 2 &0 \end{bmatrix}$ (Puting value of $B-C$ from above)

$A+(B-C)=\begin{bmatrix} 1-1 &2-2 &-3+0 \\ 5+4 &0+(-1) &2+3 \\ 1+1 & -1+2 &1+0 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+(B-C)=\begin{bmatrix} 0 &0 &-3 \\ 9 &-1 &5 \\ 2 & 1 &1 \end{bmatrix}$

$R.H.S\, \, :\, (A+B)-C$

$(A+B)-C = \begin{bmatrix} 4 &1 &-1 \\ 9 &2 &7 \\ 3 & -1 &4 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} 4 &1 &2 \\ 0 &3 &2 \\ 1 & -2 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$(A+B)-C = \begin{bmatrix} 4-4 &1-1 &-1-2 \\ 9-0 &2-3 &7-2 \\ 3-1 & -1-(-2) &4-3 \end{bmatrix}$

$(A+B)-C = \begin{bmatrix} 0 &0 &-3 \\ 9 &-1 &5 \\ 2 & 1 &1 \end{bmatrix}$

Hence, we can see L.H.S = R.H.S = $\begin{bmatrix} 0 &0 &-3 \\ 9 &-1 &5 \\ 2 & 1 &1 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 5. If $A = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{2}{3} & 1 & \frac{5}{3}\\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{2}{3} &\frac{4}{3} \\ \frac{7}{3} & 2 & \frac{2}{3} \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{2}{5} & \frac{3}{5}&1\\ \frac{1}{5} & \frac{2}{5} &\frac{4}{5} \\ \frac{7}{5} & \frac{6}{5} & \frac{2}{5} \end{bmatrix}$ , then compute 3A - 5B

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{2}{3} & 1 & \frac{5}{3}\\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{2}{3} &\frac{4}{3} \\ \frac{7}{3} & 2 & \frac{2}{3} \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{2}{5} & \frac{3}{5}&1\\ \frac{1}{5} & \frac{2}{5} &\frac{4}{5} \\ \frac{7}{5} & \frac{6}{5} & \frac{2}{5} \end{bmatrix}$

$3A-5B = 3\times \begin{bmatrix} \frac{2}{3} & 1 & \frac{5}{3}\\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{2}{3} &\frac{4}{3} \\ \frac{7}{3} & 2 & \frac{2}{3} \end{bmatrix}$ $-5\times \begin{bmatrix} \frac{2}{5} & \frac{3}{5}&1\\ \frac{1}{5} & \frac{2}{5} &\frac{4}{5} \\ \frac{7}{5} & \frac{6}{5} & \frac{2}{5} \end{bmatrix}$

$3A-5B = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 3 & 5\\ 1 & 2 &4 \\ 7 & 6 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 3 & 5\\ 1 & 2 &4 \\ 7 & 6 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$3A-5B = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$3A-5B = 0$

Question 6. Simplify $\cos\theta\begin{bmatrix} \cos\theta & \sin\theta\\ -\sin\theta & \cos\theta \end{bmatrix} + \sin\theta\begin{bmatrix} \sin\theta & -\cos\theta\\ \cos\theta & \sin\theta \end{bmatrix}$ .

Answer:

The simplification is explained in the following step

$\cos\theta\begin{bmatrix} \cos\theta & \sin\theta\\ -\sin\theta & \cos\theta \end{bmatrix} + \sin\theta\begin{bmatrix} \sin\theta & -\cos\theta\\ \cos\theta & \sin\theta \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} \cos^{2}\theta & \sin\theta \cos\theta \\ -\sin\theta \cos\theta & \cos^{2}\theta \end{bmatrix} +\begin{bmatrix} \sin^{2}\theta & - \sin\theta \cos\theta\\ \sin\theta\cos\theta & \sin^{2}\theta \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} \cos^{2}\theta+\sin^{2}\theta & \sin\theta \cos\theta - \sin\theta \cos\theta \\ -\sin\theta \cos\theta + \sin\theta \cos\theta & \cos^{2}\theta + \sin^{2}\theta\end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 1&0 \\ 0 & 1\end{bmatrix} =I$

the final answer is an identity matrix of order 2

Question 7(i). Find X and Y, if

$X + Y = \begin{bmatrix} 7 &0 \\ 2 &5 \end{bmatrix}$ and $X - Y = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &0 \\ 0 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(i) The given matrices are

$X + Y = \begin{bmatrix} 7 &0 \\ 2 &5 \end{bmatrix}$ and $X - Y = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &0 \\ 0 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$X + Y = \begin{bmatrix} 7 &0 \\ 2 &5 \end{bmatrix}.............................1$

$X - Y = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &0 \\ 0 &3 \end{bmatrix}.............................2$

Adding equation 1 and 2, we get

$2 X = \begin{bmatrix} 7 &0 \\ 2 &5 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} 3 &0 \\ 0 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$2 X = \begin{bmatrix} 7+3 &0+0 \\ 2+0 &5+3 \end{bmatrix}$

$2 X = \begin{bmatrix} 10 &0 \\ 2 &8 \end{bmatrix}$

$X = \begin{bmatrix} 5 &0 \\ 1 &4 \end{bmatrix}$

Putting the value of X in equation 1, we get

$\begin{bmatrix} 5 &0 \\ 1 &4 \end{bmatrix}$ $+Y = \begin{bmatrix} 7 &0 \\ 2 &5 \end{bmatrix}$

$Y = \begin{bmatrix} 7 &0 \\ 2 &5 \end{bmatrix} -$ $\begin{bmatrix} 5 &0 \\ 1 &4 \end{bmatrix}$

$Y = \begin{bmatrix} 7-5 &0-0 \\ 2-1 &5-4 \end{bmatrix}$

$Y = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &0 \\ 1 &1 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 7(ii). Find X and Y, if

$2X + 3Y = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 \\ 4 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ and $3X + 2Y = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &-2 \\ -1 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

(ii) $2X + 3Y = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 \\ 4 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ and $3X + 2Y = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &-2 \\ -1 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

$2X + 3Y = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 \\ 4 & 0 \end{bmatrix}..........................1$

$3X + 2Y = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &-2 \\ -1 & 5 \end{bmatrix}......................2$

Multiply equation 1 by 3 and equation 2 by 2 and subtract them,

$3(2X + 3Y)-2(3X+2Y) = 3 \times \begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 \\ 4 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \, \, \, 2\times \begin{bmatrix} 2 &-2 \\ -1 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$

$6X + 9Y-6X-4Y= \begin{bmatrix} 6 &9 \\ 12 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} 4 &-4 \\ -2 & 10 \end{bmatrix}$

$9Y-4Y= \begin{bmatrix} 6-4 &9-(-4) \\ 12-(-2) & 0-10 \end{bmatrix}$

$5Y= \begin{bmatrix} 2 &13 \\ 14 & -10 \end{bmatrix}$

$Y= \begin{bmatrix} \frac{2}{5} &\frac{13}{5} \\ \frac{14}{5} & -2 \end{bmatrix}$

Putting value of Y in equation 1 , we get

$2X + 3Y = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 \\ 4 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$2X + 3 \begin{bmatrix} \frac{2}{5} &\frac{13}{5} \\ \frac{14}{5} & -2 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 \\ 4 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$2X + \begin{bmatrix} \frac{6}{5} &\frac{39}{5} \\ \frac{42}{5} & -6 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 \\ 4 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$2X = \begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 \\ 4 & 0 \end{bmatrix} - \begin{bmatrix} \frac{6}{5} &\frac{39}{5} \\ \frac{42}{5} & -6 \end{bmatrix}$

$2X = \begin{bmatrix} 2-\frac{6}{5} &3-\frac{39}{5} \\ 4-\frac{42}{5} & 0 -(-6)\end{bmatrix}$

$2X = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{4}{5} &-\frac{24}{5} \\ -\frac{22}{5} & 6\end{bmatrix}$

$X = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{2}{5} &-\frac{12}{5} \\ -\frac{11}{5} & 3\end{bmatrix}$

Question 8. Find X, if $Y = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &2 \\ 1 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$ and $2X+ Y = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 \\ -3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$Y = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &2 \\ 1 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$2X+ Y = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 \\ -3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Substituting the value of Y in the above equation

$2X+ \begin{bmatrix} 3 &2 \\ 1 & 4 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 \\ -3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$2X = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 \\ -3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}- \begin{bmatrix} 3 &2 \\ 1 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$2X = \begin{bmatrix} 1-3 &0-2 \\ -3-1 & 2-4 \end{bmatrix}$

$2X = \begin{bmatrix} -2 &-2 \\ -4 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$

$X = \begin{bmatrix} -1 &-1 \\ -2 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 9. Find x and y, if $2\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3\\ 0 & x \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} y & 0\\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 5 & 6\\ 1 & 8\end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$2\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3\\ 0 & x \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} y & 0\\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 5 & 6\\ 1 & 8\end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 6\\ 0 & 2x \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} y & 0\\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 5 & 6\\ 1 & 8\end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix} 2+y & 6+0\\ 0+1 & 2x+2 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 5 & 6\\ 1 & 8\end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix} 2+y & 6\\ 1 & 2x+2 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 5 & 6\\ 1 & 8\end{bmatrix}$

Now equating LHS and RHS we can write the following equations

$2+y=5$ $2x+2=8$

$y=5-2$ $2x=8-2$

$y=3$ $2x=6$

$x=3$

Question 10. Solve the equation for x, y, z and t, if $2\begin{bmatrix}x & z \\ y &t \end{bmatrix} + 3\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1\\ 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix} = 3\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 5\\ 4 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$2\begin{bmatrix}x & z \\ y &t \end{bmatrix} + 3\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1\\ 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix} = 3\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 5\\ 4 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$

Multiplying with constant terms and rearranging we can rewrite the matrix as

$\begin{bmatrix}2x &2 z \\ 2y &2t \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 9 &15\\ 12 & 18 \end{bmatrix} - 3\begin{bmatrix} 1& -1\\ 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix}2x &2 z \\ 2y &2t \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 9 &15\\ 12 & 18 \end{bmatrix} - \begin{bmatrix} 3& -3\\ 0 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix}2x &2 z \\ 2y &2t \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 9-3 &15-(-3)\\ 12-0 & 18-6 \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix}2x &2 z \\ 2y &2t \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 6 &18\\ 12 & 12 \end{bmatrix}$

Dividing by 2 on both sides

$\begin{bmatrix}x & z \\ y &t \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &9\\ 6 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$

$x=3,y=6,z=9\, \, and\, \, t=6$

Question 11. If $x\begin{bmatrix}2\\3 \end{bmatrix} + y\begin{bmatrix} -1\\1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 10\\5 \end{bmatrix}$ , find the values of x and y.

Answer:

$x\begin{bmatrix}2\\3 \end{bmatrix} + y\begin{bmatrix} -1\\1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 10\\5 \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix}2x\\3x \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} -y\\y \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 10\\5 \end{bmatrix}$

Adding both the matrix in LHS and rewriting

$\begin{bmatrix}2x-y\\3x+y \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 10\\5 \end{bmatrix}$

$2x-y=10........................1$

$3x+y=5........................2$

Adding equation 1 and 2, we get

$5x=15$

$x=3$

Put the value of x in equation 2, we have

$3x+y=5$

$3\times 3+y=5$

$9+y=5$

$y=5-9$

$y=-4$

Question 12. Given $3\begin{bmatrix}x & y \\ z & w \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} x & 6 \\ -1 & 2w \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 4 &x + y \\ z + w & 3 \end{bmatrix}$ , find the values of x, y, z and w.

Answer:

$3\begin{bmatrix}x & y \\ z & w \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} x & 6 \\ -1 & 2w \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 4 &x + y \\ z + w & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix}3x &3 y \\3 z & 3w \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} x+4 & 6+x+y \\ -1+z+w & 2w+3 \end{bmatrix}$

If two matrices are equal than corresponding elements are also equal.

Thus, we have

$3x=x+4$

$3x-x=4$

$2x=4$

$x=2$

$3y=6+x+y$

Put the value of x

$3y-y=6+2$

$2y=8$

$y=4$

$3w=2w+3$

$3w-2w=3$

$w=3$

$3z=-1+z+w$

$3z-z=-1+3$

$2z=2$

$z=1$

Hence, we have $x=2,y=4,z=1\, \, and\, \, w=3.$

Question 13. If $F(x) = \begin{bmatrix} \cos x & -\sin x& 0\\\sin x &\cos x & 0 \\ 0 &0&1\end{bmatrix}$ , show that $F(x) F(y) = F(x + y)$ .

Answer:

$F(x) = \begin{bmatrix} \cos x & -\sin x& 0\\\sin x &\cos x & 0 \\ 0 &0&1\end{bmatrix}$

To prove : $F(x) F(y) = F(x + y)$

$R.H.S : F(x + y)$

$F(x+y) = \begin{bmatrix} \cos (x+y) & -\sin (x+y)& 0\\\sin (x+y) &\cos (x+y) & 0 \\ 0 &0&1\end{bmatrix}$

$L.H.S : F(x) F(y)$

$F(x)F(y) = \begin{bmatrix} \cos x & -\sin x& 0\\\sin x &\cos x & 0 \\ 0 &0&1\end{bmatrix}\times \begin{bmatrix} \cos y & -\sin y& 0\\\sin y &\cos y & 0 \\ 0 &0&1\end{bmatrix}$

$F(x)F(y) = \begin{bmatrix} \cos x \cos y- \sin x\sin y+0 & -\cos x \sin y-\sin x\cos y+0& 0+0+0\\\ sin x\cos y+\cos x \sin y+0 & - \sin x\sin y+\cos x \cos y+0 &0+0+0 \\ 0+0+0 &0+0+0&0+0+1\end{bmatrix}$

$F(x) F(y)= \begin{bmatrix} \cos (x+y) & -\sin (x+y)& 0\\\sin (x+y) &\cos (x+y) & 0 \\ 0 &0&1\end{bmatrix}$

Hence, we have L.H.S. = R.H.S i.e. $F(x) F(y) = F(x + y)$ .

Question 14(i). Show that

$\begin{bmatrix}5&-1\\6&7 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}\neq \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}5&-1\\6&7 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

To prove:

$\begin{bmatrix}5&-1\\6&7 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}\neq \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}5&-1\\6&7 \end{bmatrix}$

$L.H.S : \begin{bmatrix}5&-1\\6&7 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix}5\times 2+(-1)\times 3 &5\times 1+(-1)\times 4\\6\times 2+7\times 3&6\times 1+7\times 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix}7 &1\\33&34 \end{bmatrix}$

$R.H.S : \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}5&-1\\6&7 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 2\times 5+1\times 6 & 2\times (-1)+1\times 7\\ 3\times 5+4\times 6 & 3\times (-1)+4\times 7 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 16 & 5\\ 39 & 25 \end{bmatrix}$

Hence, the right-hand side not equal to the left-hand side, that is

Question 14(ii). Show that

$\begin{bmatrix}1& 2&3\\0&1&0\\1&1&0 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & -1 & 1\\ 2 & 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \neq \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & -1 & 1\\ 2 & 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix}1& 2&3\\0&1&0\\1&1&0 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

To prove the following multiplication of three by three matrices are not equal

$L.H.S: \begin{bmatrix}1& 2&3\\0&1&0\\1&1&0 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & -1 & 1\\ 2 & 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix}1\times(-1)+2\times 0+3\times 2 \, \, \, & 1\times(1)+2\times (-1)+3\times 3\, \, \, &1\times(0)+2\times 1+3\times 4\\0\times(-1)+1\times 0+0\times 2\, \, \, &0\times(1)+1\times (-1)+0\times 3\, \, \, &0\times(0)+1\times 1+0\times 4\\1\times(-1)+1\times 0+0\times 2\, \, \, &1\times(1)+1\times (-1)+0\times 3\, \, \, &1\times(0)+1\times 1+0\times 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix}5& 8&14\\0&-1&1\\-1&0&1\end{bmatrix}$

$R.H.S : \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & -1 & 1\\ 2 & 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix}1& 2&3\\0&1&0\\1&1&0 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix}-1\times(1)+1\times 0+0\times 1 \, \, \, & -1\times(2)+1\times (1)+0\times 1\, \, \, &-1\times(3)+1\times 0+0\times 0\\0\times(1)+-(1)\times 0+1\times 1\, \, \, &0\times(2)+(-1)\times (1)+1\times 1\, \, \, &0\times(3)+(-1)\times 0+1\times 0\\2\times(1)+3\times 0+4\times 1\, \, \, &2\times(2)+3\times (1)+4\times 1\, \, \, &2\times(3)+3\times 0+4\times 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix}-1& -1&-3\\1&0&0\\6&11&6\end{bmatrix}$

Hence, $L.H.S \neq R.H.S$ i.e. $\begin{bmatrix}1& 2&3\\0&1&0\\1&1&0 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & -1 & 1\\ 2 & 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \neq \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & -1 & 1\\ 2 & 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix}1& 2&3\\0&1&0\\1&1&0 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 15. Find $A^2 -5A + 6I$ , if

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & 1\\ 2 & 1 &3 \\ 1 & -1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & 1\\ 2 & 1 &3 \\ 1 & -1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

First, we will find ou the value of the square of matrix A

$A\times A = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & 1\\ 2 & 1 &3 \\ 1 & -1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}\times \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & 1\\ 2 & 1 &3 \\ 1 & -1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{2} = \begin{bmatrix} 2\times 2+0\times 2+1\times 1 & 2\times 0+0\times 1+1\times -1 & 2\times 1+0\times 3+1\times 0\\ 2\times 2+1\times 2+3\times 1& 2\times 0+1\times 1+3\times -1 &2\times 1+1\times 3+3\times 0 \\ 1\times 2+(-1)\times 2+0\times 1 & 1\times 0+(-1)\times 1+0\times -1 & 1\times 1+(-1)\times 3+0\times 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{2} = \begin{bmatrix} 5 & -1 & 2\\ 9 & -2 &5 \\ 0 & -1 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$

$I= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 &0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$\therefore$ $A^2 -5A + 6I$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 5 & -1 & 2\\ 9 & -2 &5 \\ 0 & -1 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$ $-5 \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & 1\\ 2 & 1 &3 \\ 1 & -1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $+6 \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 &0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 5 & -1 & 2\\ 9 & -2 &5 \\ 0 & -1 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} 10 & 0 & 5\\ 10 & 5 &15 \\ 5 & -5 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $+\begin{bmatrix} 6 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 6 &0 \\ 0 & 0 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 5-10+6 & -1-0+0 & 2-5+0\\ 9-10+0 & -2-5+6 &5-15+0 \\ 0-5+0 & -1-(-5)+0 & -2-0+6 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & -3\\ -1 & -1 &-10 \\ -5 & 4 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 16. If $A = \begin{bmatrix}1&0&2\\0&2&1\\2&0&3 \end{bmatrix}$ prove that $A^3 - 6A^2 + 7A + 2I = 0$ .

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix}1&0&2\\0&2&1\\2&0&3 \end{bmatrix}$

First, find the square of matrix A and then multiply it with A to get the cube of matrix A

$A\times A = \begin{bmatrix}1&0&2\\0&2&1\\2&0&3 \end{bmatrix}$ $\times \begin{bmatrix}1&0&2\\0&2&1\\2&0&3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{2} = \begin{bmatrix}1+0+4&0+0+0&2+0+6\\0+0+2&0+4+0&0+2+3\\2+0+6&0+0+0&4+0+9 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{2} = \begin{bmatrix}5&0&8\\2&4&5\\8&0&13 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{3}=A^{2}\times A$

$A^{2}\times A = \begin{bmatrix}5&0&8\\2&4&5\\8&0&13 \end{bmatrix}$ $\times \begin{bmatrix}1&0&2\\0&2&1\\2&0&3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{3} = \begin{bmatrix}5+0+16&0+0+0&10+0+24\\2+0+10&0+8+0&4+4+15\\8+0+26&0+0+0&16+0+39 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{3} = \begin{bmatrix}21&0&34\\12&8&23\\34&0&55 \end{bmatrix}$

$I= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 &0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$\therefore$ $A^3 - 6A^2 + 7A + 2I = 0$

L.H.S :

$\begin{bmatrix}21&0&34\\12&8&23\\34&0&55 \end{bmatrix}$ $- 6\begin{bmatrix}5&0&8\\2&4&5\\8&0&13 \end{bmatrix}$ $+7 \begin{bmatrix}1&0&2\\0&2&1\\2&0&3 \end{bmatrix}$ $+2 \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 &0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix}21&0&34\\12&8&23\\34&0&55 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix}30&0&48\\12&24&30\\48&0&78 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix}7&0&14\\0&14&7\\14&0&21 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 2 &0 \\ 0 & 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix}21-30+7+2&0-0+0+0&34-48+14+0\\12-12+0+0&8-24+14+2&23-30+7+0\\34-48+14+0&0-0+0+0&55-78+21+2 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix}30-30&0&48-48\\12-12&24-24&30-30\\48-48&0&78-78 \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 &0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}=0$

Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S

i.e. $A^3 - 6A^2 + 7A + 2I = 0$ .

Question 17. If $A = \begin{bmatrix}3 &-2\\4&-2 \end{bmatrix}$ and $I = \begin{bmatrix}1 &0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$ , find k so that $A^{2} = kA - 2I$ .

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix}3 &-2\\4&-2 \end{bmatrix}$

$I = \begin{bmatrix}1 &0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A \times A= \begin{bmatrix}3 &-2\\4&-2 \end{bmatrix}$ $\times \begin{bmatrix}3 &-2\\4&-2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{2} = \begin{bmatrix}9-8 &-6+4\\12-8&-8+4 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{2} = \begin{bmatrix}1 &-2\\4&-4 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{2} = kA - 2I$

$\begin{bmatrix}1 &-2\\4&-4 \end{bmatrix}=$ $k\begin{bmatrix}3 &-2\\4&-2 \end{bmatrix} -$ $2 \begin{bmatrix}1 &0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix}1 &-2\\4&-4 \end{bmatrix}=$ $k\begin{bmatrix}3 &-2\\4&-2 \end{bmatrix} -$ $\begin{bmatrix}2 &0\\0&2 \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix}1 &-2\\4&-4 \end{bmatrix}+$ $\begin{bmatrix}2 &0\\0&2 \end{bmatrix}$ $=k\begin{bmatrix}3 &-2\\4&-2 \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix}1+2 &-2+0\\4+0&-4+2 \end{bmatrix}$ $=\begin{bmatrix}3k&-2k\\4k&-2k \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix}3 &-2\\4&-2 \end{bmatrix}$ $=\begin{bmatrix}3k&-2k\\4k&-2k \end{bmatrix}$

We have, $3=3k$

$k=\frac{3}{3}=1$

Hence, the value of k is 1.

Question 18. If $A = \begin{bmatrix} 0&-\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\\\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}& 0\end{bmatrix}$ and I is the identity matrix of order 2, show that $I + A = (I- A)\begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 0&-\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\\\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}& 0\end{bmatrix}$

$I = \begin{bmatrix}1 &0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$

To prove : $I + A = (I- A)\begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

L.H.S : $I+A$

$I+A = \begin{bmatrix}1 &0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} 0&-\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\\\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}& 0\end{bmatrix}$

$I+A = \begin{bmatrix} 1+0&0-\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\\0+\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}&1+ 0\end{bmatrix}$

$I+A = \begin{bmatrix} 1&-\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\\\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}&1\end{bmatrix}$

R.H.S : $(I- A)\begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

$(I- A)\begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ $= (\begin{bmatrix}1 &0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}-$ $\begin{bmatrix} 0&-\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\\\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}& 0\end{bmatrix})$ $\times \begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

$(I- A)\begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ $=\begin{bmatrix} 1-0&0-(-\tan\frac{\alpha}{2})\\0-\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}&1- 0\end{bmatrix}$ $\times \begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

$(I- A)\begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ $=\begin{bmatrix} 1&\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\\-\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}&1\end{bmatrix}$ $\times \begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha + \sin \alpha\tan\frac{\alpha}{2} &- \sin \alpha+ \cos \alpha \tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\\-\tan\frac{\alpha}{2} \cos\alpha + \sin \alpha &\tan\frac{\alpha}{2} \sin\alpha + \cos \alpha \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 1-2\sin^{2}\frac{\alpha }{2} + 2\sin\frac{\alpha }{2} \ cos \frac{\alpha }{2}\tan\frac{\alpha}{2} &- 2\sin\frac{\alpha }{2} \ cos \frac{\alpha }{2}+ (2\cos^{2} \frac{\alpha }{2} -1)\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\\-\tan\frac{\alpha}{2} (2\cos^{2} \frac{\alpha }{2} -1) + 2\sin\frac{\alpha }{2} \ cos \frac{\alpha }{2} &\tan\frac{\alpha}{2} 2\sin\frac{\alpha } {2} \ cos \frac{\alpha }{2} + 1-2\sin^{2}\frac{\alpha }{2} \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 1-2\sin^{2}\frac{\alpha }{2} + 2\sin^{2}\frac{\alpha }{2} &- 2\sin\frac{\alpha }{2} \ cos \frac{\alpha }{2}+ 2\sin\frac{\alpha }{2} \ cos \frac{\alpha }{2} -\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\\-2\sin\frac{\alpha }{2} \ cos \frac{\alpha }{2}+\tan\frac{\alpha}{2} + 2\sin\frac{\alpha }{2} \ cos \frac{\alpha }{2} & 2\sin^{2}\frac{\alpha } {2} + 1-2\sin^{2}\frac{\alpha }{2} \end{bmatrix}$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 1&-\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}\\\tan\frac{\alpha}{2}&1\end{bmatrix}$

Hence, we can see L.H.S = R.H.S

i.e. $I + A = (I- A)\begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 19(i). A trust fund has Rs. 30,000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds. The first bond pays 5% interest per year, and the second bond pays 7% interest per year. Using matrix multiplication, determine how to divide Rs 30,000 among the two types of bonds. If the trust fund must obtain an annual total interest of:

Rs. 1800

Answer:

Let Rs. x be invested in the first bond.

Money invested in second bond = Rs (3000-x)

The first bond pays 5% interest per year and the second bond pays 7% interest per year.

To obtain an annual total interest of Rs. 1800, we have

$\begin{bmatrix}x &(30000-x) \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} \frac{5}{100} \\ \frac{7}{100} \end{bmatrix}$ $=1800$ (simple interest for 1 year $=\frac{pricipal\times rate}{100}$ )

$\frac{5}{100}x+\frac{7}{100}(30000-x) = 1800$

$5x+210000-7x=180000$

$210000-180000=7x-5x$

$30000=2x$

$x=15000$

Thus, to obtain an annual total interest of Rs. 1800, the trust fund should invest Rs 15000 in the first bond and Rs 15000 in the second bond.

Question 19(ii). A trust fund has Rs. 30,000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds. The first bond pays 5% interest per year, and the second bond pays 7% interest per year. Using matrix multiplication, determine how to divide Rs 30,000 among the two types of bonds. If the trust fund must obtain an annual total interest of:

Rs. 2000

Answer:

Let Rs. x be invested in the first bond.

Money invested in second bond = Rs (3000-x)

The first bond pays 5% interest per year and the second bond pays 7% interest per year.

To obtain an annual total interest of Rs. 1800, we have

$\begin{bmatrix}x &(30000-x) \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} \frac{5}{100} \\ \frac{7}{100} \end{bmatrix}$ $=2000$ (simple interest for 1 year $=\frac{pricipal\times rate}{100}$ )

$\frac{5}{100}x+\frac{7}{100}(30000-x) = 2000$

$5x+210000-7x=200000$

$210000-200000=7x-5x$

$10000=2x$

$x=5000$

Thus, to obtain an annual total interest of Rs. 2000, the trust fund should invest Rs 5000 in the first bond and Rs 25000 in the second bond.

Question 20. The bookshop of a particular school has 10 dozen chemistry books, 8 dozen physics books, 10 dozen economics books. Their selling prices are Rs 80, Rs 60 and Rs 40 each respectively. Find the total amount the bookshop will receive from selling all the books using matrix algebra.

Answer:

The bookshop has 10 dozen chemistry books, 8 dozen physics books, 10 dozen economics books.

Their selling prices are Rs 80, Rs 60 and Rs 40 each respectively.

The total amount the bookshop will receive from selling all the books:

$12$ $\begin{bmatrix}10 &8&10 \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix}80\\60\\40 \end{bmatrix}$

$=12(10\times 80+8\times 60+10\times 40)$

$= 12(800+480+ 400)$

$= 12(1680)$

$=20160$

The total amount the bookshop will receive from selling all the books is 20160.

Question 21 Assume X, Y, Z, W and P are matrices of order 2 × n, 3 × k, 2 × p, n × 3 and p × k , respectively. Choose the correct answer in Exercises 21 and 22.

Q21. The restriction on n, k and p so that PY + WY will be defined are:
(A) $k = 3, p = n$

(B) k is arbitrary, $p = 2$

(D) $k = 2, p = 3$

Answer:

P and Y are of order $p*k$ and $3*k$ respectivly.

$\therefore$ PY will be defined only if k=3, i.e. order of PY is $p*k$ .

W and Y are of order $n*3$ and $3*k$ respectivly.

$\therefore$ WY is defined because the number of columns of W is equal to the number of rows of Y which is 3, i.e. the order of WY is $n*k$

Matrices PY and WY can only be added if they both have same order i.e = $n*k$ implies p=n.

Thus, $k = 3, p = n$ are restrictions on n, k and p so that PY + WY will be defined.

Option (A) is correct.

Question 22 Assume X, Y, Z, W and P are matrices of order 2 × n, 3 × k, 2 × p, n × 3 and p × k ,
respectively. Choose the correct answer in Exercises 21 and 22. If n = p , then the order of the matrix $7X - 5Z$ is:
(A) p × 2
(B) 2 × n
(C) n × 3
(D) p × n

Answer:

X has of order $2*n$ .

$\therefore$ 7X also has of order $2*n$ .

Z has of order $2*p$ .

$\therefore$ 5Z also has of order $2*p$ .

Mtarices 7X and 5Z can only be subtracted if they both have same order i.e $2*n$ = $2*p$ and it is given that p=n.

We can say that both matrices have order of $2*n$ .

Thus, order of $7X - 5Z$ is $2*n$ .

Option (B) is correct.

Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Question Answer: Exercise 3.3

Question 1(i). Find the transpose of each of the following matrices:

$\begin{bmatrix} 5\\ \frac{1}{2} \\-1 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 5\\ \frac{1}{2} \\-1 \end{bmatrix}$

The transpose of the given matrix is

$A^{T}=\begin{bmatrix} 5& \frac{1}{2} &-1 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 1(ii). Find the transpose of each of the following matrices:

$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1\\ 2 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1\\ 2 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

interchanging the rows and columns of the matrix A we get

$A^{T}=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2\\ -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 1(iii) Find the transpose of each of the following matrices:

$\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 5 & 6\\ \sqrt3& 5 &6 \\ 2 &3 &-1 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 5 & 6\\ \sqrt3& 5 &6 \\ 2 &3 &-1 \end{bmatrix}$

Transpose is obtained by interchanging the rows and columns of matrix

$A^{T} = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & \sqrt3 & 2\\ 5& 5 &3 \\ 6 &6 &-1 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 2(i). If $A = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 & 3\\ 5 &7 &9 \\ -2 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} -4 & 1 & -5\\ 1 &2 &0 \\ 1 & 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ , then verify

$(A + B)' = A' + B'$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 & 3\\ 5 &7 &9 \\ -2 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} -4 & 1 & -5\\ 1 &2 &0 \\ 1 & 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$(A + B)' = A' + B'$

L.H.S : $(A + B)'$

$A+B = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 & 3\\ 5 &7 &9 \\ -2 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} -4 & 1 & -5\\ 1 &2 &0 \\ 1 & 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+B = \begin{bmatrix} -1+(-4) & 2+1 & 3+(-5)\\ 5+1 &7+2 &9+0 \\ -2+1 & 1+3 & 1+1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+B = \begin{bmatrix} -5 & 3 & -2\\ 6 &9 &9 \\ -1 & 4 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$(A+B)' = \begin{bmatrix} -5 & 6 & -1\\ 3 &9 &4 \\ -2 & 9 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

R.H.S : $A' + B'$

$A'+B' = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 5 & -2\\ 2 &7 &1 \\ 3 & 9 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} -4 & 1 & 1\\ 1 &2 &3\\ -5 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A'+B' = \begin{bmatrix} -1+(-4) & 5+1 & -2+1\\ 2+1 &7+2 &1+3 \\ 3+(-5) & 9+0 & 1+1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A'+B' = \begin{bmatrix} -5 & 6 & -1\\ 3 &9 &4 \\ -2 & 9 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Thus we find that the LHS is equal to RHS and hence verified.

Question 2(ii). If $A = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 & 3\\ 5 &7 &9 \\ -2 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} -4 & 1 & -5\\ 1 &2 &0 \\ 1 & 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ , then verify

$(A - B)' = A' - B'$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 & 3\\ 5 &7 &9 \\ -2 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} -4 & 1 & -5\\ 1 &2 &0 \\ 1 & 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$(A - B)' = A' - B'$

L.H.S : $(A - B)'$

$A-B = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 & 3\\ 5 &7 &9 \\ -2 & 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} -4 & 1 & -5\\ 1 &2 &0 \\ 1 & 3 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A-B = \begin{bmatrix} -1-(-4) & 2-1 & 3-(-5)\\ 5-1 &7-2 &9-0 \\ -2-1 & 1-3 & 1-1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A-B = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 1 & 8\\ 4 &5 &9 \\ -3 & -2& 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$(A-B)' = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 4 & -3\\ 1 &5 &-2 \\ 8 & 9& 0 \end{bmatrix}$

R.H.S : $A' - B'$

$A'-B' = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 5 & -2\\ 2 &7 &1 \\ 3 & 9 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} -4 & 1 & 1\\ 1 &2 &3\\ -5 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A'-B' = \begin{bmatrix} -1-(-4) & 5-1 & -2-1\\ 2-1 &7-2 &1-3 \\ 3-(-5) & 9-0 & 1-1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A'-B' = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 4 & -3\\ 1 &5 &-2 \\ 8 & 9& 0 \end{bmatrix}$

Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S. so verified that

$(A - B)' = A' - B'$ .

Question 3(i). If $A' = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 4\\ -1 &2 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 & 1\\ 1 &2 &3 \end{bmatrix}$ , then verify

$(A + B)' = A' + B'$

Answer:

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 4\\ -1 &2 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $B = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 & 1\\ 1 &2 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=(A')' = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1&0\\ 4 &2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

To prove: $(A + B)' = A' + B'$

$L.H.S : (A + B)' =$

$A+B = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1&0\\ 4 &2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 & 1\\ 1 &2 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+B = \begin{bmatrix} 3+(-1) & -1+(-1)&0+1\\ 4+1 &2+2 & 1+3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+B = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & -2&1\\ 5 &4 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$\therefore \, \, \, (A+B)' = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 5\\ 1 &4\\1 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

R.H.S: $A' + B'$

$A'+B' = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 4\\ -1 &2 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1\\ 2 &2 \\ 1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A'+B' = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 5\\ 1 &4 \\ 1 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S i.e. $(A + B)' = A' + B'$ .

Question 3(ii). If $A = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 4\\ -1 &2 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 & 1\\ 1 &2 &3 \end{bmatrix}$ , then verify

$(A - B)' = A' - B'$

Answer:

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 4\\ -1 &2 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $B = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 & 1\\ 1 &2 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=(A')' = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1&0\\ 4 &2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

To prove: $(A - B)' = A' - B'$

$L.H.S : (A - B)' =$

$A-B = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1&0\\ 4 &2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 2 & 1\\ 1 &2 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A-B = \begin{bmatrix} 3-(-1) & -1-(2)&0-1\\ 4-1 &2-2 & 1-3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A-B = \begin{bmatrix} 4 & -3&-1\\ 3 &0 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$

$\therefore \, \, \, (A-B)' = \begin{bmatrix} 4 & 3\\ -3 &0\\-1 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$

R.H.S: $A' - B'$

$A'-B' = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 4\\ -1 &2 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 1\\ 2 &2 \\ 1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A'-B' = \begin{bmatrix} 4 & 3\\ -3 &0 \\ -1 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$

Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S i.e. $(A - B)' = A' - B'$ .

Question 4. If $A' = \begin{bmatrix} -2 & 3\\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ and $B= \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0\\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ , then find $(A + 2B)'$

Answer:

$B= \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0\\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} -2 & 3\\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=(A')' = \begin{bmatrix} -2 & 1\\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$(A + 2B)'$ :

$A+2B = \begin{bmatrix} -2 & 1\\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $+2 \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0\\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+2B = \begin{bmatrix} -2 & 1\\ 3 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} -2 & 0\\ 2 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+2B = \begin{bmatrix} -2+(-2) & 1+0\\ 3+2 & 2+4 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+2B = \begin{bmatrix} -4 & 1\\ 5 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$

Transpose is obtained by interchanging rows and columns and the transpose of A+2B is

$(A+2B)' = \begin{bmatrix} -4 & 5\\ 1 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 5(i) For the matrices A and B, verify that $(AB)' = B'A'$ , where

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 1\\-4 \\3 \end{bmatrix}$ , $B = \begin{bmatrix} -1& 2 &1 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 1\\-4 \\3 \end{bmatrix}$ , $B = \begin{bmatrix} -1& 2 &1 \end{bmatrix}$

To prove : $(AB)' = B'A'$

$L.H.S : (AB)'$

$AB = \begin{bmatrix} 1\\-4 \\3 \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} -1& 2 &1 \end{bmatrix}$

$AB = \begin{bmatrix} -1&2&1\\4&-8&-4 \\-3 &6&3\end{bmatrix}$

$(AB)' = \begin{bmatrix} -1&4&-3\\2&-8&6 \\1 &-4&3\end{bmatrix}$

$R.H.S : B'A'$

$B' = \begin{bmatrix} -1\\2 \\1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} 1& -4 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$B'A' = \begin{bmatrix} -1\\2 \\1 \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1& -4 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$B'A' = \begin{bmatrix} -1&4&-3\\2&-8&6 \\1&-4&3 \end{bmatrix}$

Hence, L.H.S =R.H.S

so it is verified that $(AB)' = B'A'$ .

Question 5(ii) For the matrices A and B, verify that $(AB)' = B'A'$ , where

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 1\\ 2 \end{bmatrix}$ , $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5&7 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 1\\ 2 \end{bmatrix}$ , $B = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5&7 \end{bmatrix}$

To prove : $(AB)' = B'A'$

$L.H.S : (AB)'$

$AB = \begin{bmatrix} 0\\1 \\2 \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1& 5 &7 \end{bmatrix}$

$AB = \begin{bmatrix} 0&0&0\\1&5&7 \\2 &10&14\end{bmatrix}$

$(AB)' = \begin{bmatrix} 0&1&2\\0&5&10 \\0 &7&14\end{bmatrix}$

$R.H.S : B'A'$

$B' = \begin{bmatrix} 1\\5 \\7 \end{bmatrix}$

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} 0& 1 &2 \end{bmatrix}$

$B'A' = \begin{bmatrix} 1\\5 \\7 \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 0& 1 &2 \end{bmatrix}$

$B'A' = \begin{bmatrix} 0&1&2\\0&5&10 \\0&7&14 \end{bmatrix}$

Heence, L.H.S =R.H.S i.e. $(AB)' = B'A'$ .

Question 6(i). If $A = \begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & \sin\alpha \\ -\sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ , then verify that $A'A =I$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & \sin\alpha \\ -\sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

By interchanging rows and columns we get transpose of A

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha \\ \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

To prove: $A'A =I$

L.H.S : $A'A$

$A'A = \begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha \\ \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & \sin\alpha \\ -\sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

$A'A = \begin{bmatrix} \cos^{2}\alpha + \sin ^{2}\alpha & \sin\alpha \cos \alpha - \sin \alpha \ cos \alpha \\ \sin\alpha \cos \alpha - \sin \alpha \cos \alpha & \ sin^{2}\alpha +\cos^{2}\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

$A'A = \begin{bmatrix} 1& 0 \\ 0& 1 \end{bmatrix}=I=R.H.S$

Question 6(ii). If $A = \begin{bmatrix} \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \\ -\cos\alpha & \sin\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ , then verify that $A'A = I$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \\ -\cos\alpha & \sin\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

By interchanging columns and rows of the matrix A we get the transpose of A

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} \sin\alpha & -\cos\alpha \\ \cos\alpha & \sin\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

To prove: $A'A =I$

L.H.S : $A'A$

$A'A = \begin{bmatrix} \sin\alpha & -\cos\alpha \\ \cos\alpha & \sin\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} \sin\alpha & \cos\alpha \\ -\cos\alpha & \sin\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

$A'A = \begin{bmatrix} 1& 0 \\ 0& 1 \end{bmatrix}=I=R.H.S$

Question 7(i). Show that the matrix $A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &- 1& 5\\ -1 & 2 & 1\\ 5 & 1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$ is a symmetric matrix.

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &- 1& 5\\ -1 & 2 & 1\\ 5 & 1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

the transpose of A is

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} 1 &- 1& 5\\ -1 & 2 & 1\\ 5 & 1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

Since, $A' = A$ so given matrix is a symmetric matrix.

Question 7(ii) Show that the matrix $A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 & -1\\ -1 & 0 &1 \\ 1 & -1 &0 \end{bmatrix}$ is a skew-symmetric matrix.

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 & -1\\ -1 & 0 &1 \\ 1 & -1 &0 \end{bmatrix}$

The transpose of A is

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -1 & 1\\ 1 & 0 &-1 \\- 1 & 1 &0 \end{bmatrix}$

$A' =- \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 & -1\\ -1 & 0 &1 \\ 1 & -1 &0 \end{bmatrix}$

$A' =- A$

Since, $A' =- A$ so given matrix is a skew-symmetric matrix.

Question 8(i). For the matrix $A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5\\ 6 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$ , verify that

$(A + A')$ is a symmetric matrix.

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5\\ 6 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 6\\ 5 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

$A + A'= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5\\ 6 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 6\\ 5 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

$A + A'= \begin{bmatrix} 1+1 & 5+6\\ 6+5 & 7+7 \end{bmatrix}$

$A + A'= \begin{bmatrix}2 & 11\\ 11& 14 \end{bmatrix}$

$(A + A')'= \begin{bmatrix}2 & 11\\ 11& 14 \end{bmatrix}$

We have $A+A'=(A + A')'$

Hence , $(A + A')$ is a symmetric matrix.

Question 8(ii) For the matrix $A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5\\ 6 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$ , verify that

$(A - A')$ is a skew symmetric matrix.

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5\\ 6 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 6\\ 5 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

$A - A'= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5\\ 6 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 6\\ 5 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

$A - A'= \begin{bmatrix} 1-1 & 5-6\\ 6-5 & 7-7 \end{bmatrix}$

$A - A'= \begin{bmatrix}0 & -1\\ 1& 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$(A - A')'= \begin{bmatrix}0 & 1\\ -1& 0 \end{bmatrix}=-(A-A')$

We have $A-A'=-(A - A')'$

Hence , $(A - A')$ is a skew-symmetric matrix.

Question 9. Find $\frac{1}{2}(A+A')$ and $\frac{1}{2}(A-A')$ , when $A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & a & b\\ -a & 0 & c\\ -b & -c & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & a & b\\ -a & 0 & c\\ -b & -c & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

the transpose of the matrix is obtained by interchanging rows and columns

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -a & -b\\ a & 0 & -c\\ b & c & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$\frac{1}{2}(A+A') = \frac{1}{2}(\begin{bmatrix} 0 & a & b\\ -a & 0 & c\\ -b & -c & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $+\begin{bmatrix} 0 & -a & -b\\ a & 0 & -c\\ b & c & 0 \end{bmatrix})$

$\frac{1}{2}(A+A') = \frac{1}{2}(\begin{bmatrix} 0+0 & a+(-a) & b+(-b)\\ -a+a & 0+0 & c+(-c)\\ -b+b & -c+c & 0+0 \end{bmatrix})$

$\frac{1}{2}(A+A') = \frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$\frac{1}{2}(A+A') = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$\frac{1}{2}(A+A') = 0$

$\frac{1}{2}(A-A') = \frac{1}{2}(\begin{bmatrix} 0 & a & b\\ -a & 0 & c\\ -b & -c & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -a & -b\\ a & 0 & -c\\ b & c & 0 \end{bmatrix})$

$\frac{1}{2}(A-A') = \frac{1}{2}(\begin{bmatrix} 0-0 & a-(-a) & b-(-b)\\ -a-a & 0-0 & c-(-c)\\ -b-b & -c-c & 0-0 \end{bmatrix})$

$\frac{1}{2}(A-A') = \frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 2a &2 b\\ -2a & 0 & 2c\\ -2b & -2c & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$\frac{1}{2}(A-A') = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & a & b\\ -a & 0 & c\\ -b & -c & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

Question 10(i). Express the following matrices as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix:

$\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 5\\ 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 5\\ 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A'=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 1\\ 5 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+A'=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 5\\ 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$ $+\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 1\\ 5 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+A'=\begin{bmatrix} 6 & 6\\ 6 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$

Let

$B=\frac{1}{2}(A+A')=\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 6 & 6\\ 6 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$ $=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 3\\ 3 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$

$B'=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 3\\ 3 & -1 \end{bmatrix}=B$

Thus, $\frac{1}{2}(A+A')$ is a symmetric matrix.

$A-A'=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 5\\ 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$ $-\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 1\\ 5 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A-A'=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 4\\ -4 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

Let

$C= \frac{1}{2}(A-A')=\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 4\\ -4 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 2\\ -2 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$C'= \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -2\\ 2 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$C=-C'$

Thus, $\frac{1}{2}(A-A')$ is a skew symmetric matrix.

Represent A as sum of B and C.

$B+C = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 3\\ 3 & -1 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 2\\ -2 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 5\\ 1 & -1\end{bmatrix}=A$

Question:10(ii). Express the following matrices as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix:

$\begin{bmatrix} 6 & -2 & 2\\ -2 & 3 & -1\\ 2 & -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 6 & -2 & 2\\ -2 & 3 & -1\\ 2 & -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A'=\begin{bmatrix} 6 & -2 & 2\\ -2 & 3 & -1\\ 2 & -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+A'=\begin{bmatrix} 6 & -2 & 2\\ -2 & 3 & -1\\ 2 & -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} 6 & -2 & 2\\ -2 & 3 & -1\\ 2 & -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+A'=\begin{bmatrix} 12 & -4 & 4\\ -4 & 6 & -2\\ 4 & -2 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$

Let

$B= \frac{1}{2}(A+A')=\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 12 & -4 & 4\\ -4 & 6 & -2\\ 4 & -2 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 6 & -2 & 2\\ -2 & 3 & -1\\ 2 & -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

$B'= \begin{bmatrix} 6 & -2 & 2\\ -2 & 3 & -1\\ 2 & -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}=B$

Thus, $\frac{1}{2}(A+A')$ is a symmetric matrix.

$A-A'=\begin{bmatrix} 6 & -2 & 2\\ -2 & 3 & -1\\ 2 & -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} 6 & -2 & 2\\ -2 & 3 & -1\\ 2 & -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A-A'=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0&0\\ 0 & 0&0 \\0&0&0\end{bmatrix}$

Let

$C= \frac{1}{2}(A-A')=\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0&0\\ 0&0 & 0\\0&0&0 \end{bmatrix}$ $=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0&0\\ 0&0 & 0\\0&0&0 \end{bmatrix}$

$C'=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0&0\\ 0&0 & 0\\0&0&0 \end{bmatrix}$

$C=-C'$

Thus, $\frac{1}{2}(A-A')$ is a skew-symmetric matrix.

Represent A as the sum of B and C.

$B+C= \begin{bmatrix} 6 & -2 & 2\\ -2 & 3 & -1\\ 2 & -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$ $+\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0&0\\ 0&0 & 0\\0&0&0 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 6 & -2 & 2\\ -2 & 3 & -1\\ 2 & -1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}=A$

Question 10(iii). Express the following matrices as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix:

$\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 3 & -1\\ -2 & -2 & 1\\ -4 & -5 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 3 & -1\\ -2 & -2 & 1\\ -4 & -5 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A'=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & -2 & -4\\ 3 & -2 & -5\\ -1 & 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+A'=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 3 & -1\\ -2 & -2 & 1\\ -4 & -5 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $+\begin{bmatrix} 3 & -2 & -4\\ 3 & -2 & -5\\ -1 & 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+A'=\begin{bmatrix} 6 & 1 & -5\\ 1& -4 & -4\\ -5 & -4 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Let

$B= \frac{1}{2}(A+A')=\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 6 & 1 & -5\\ 1 & -4 & -4\\ -5 & -4 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 3 & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{5}{2}\\ \frac{1}{2} & -2 & -2\\ \frac{-5}{2} & -2 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$B'= \begin{bmatrix} 3 & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{5}{2}\\ \frac{1}{2} & -2 & -2\\ \frac{-5}{2} & -2 & 2 \end{bmatrix}=B$

Thus, $\frac{1}{2}(A+A')$ is a symmetric matrix.

$A-A'=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 3 & -1\\ -2 & -2 & 1\\ -4 & -5 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $-\begin{bmatrix} 3 & -2 & -4\\ 3 & -2 & -5\\ -1 & 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A-A'=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 5&3\\ -5 & 0&6 \\-3&-6&0\end{bmatrix}$

Let

$C= \frac{1}{2}(A-A')=\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 5&3\\ -5&0 & 6\\-3&-6&0 \end{bmatrix}$ $=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \frac{5}{2}&\frac{3}{2}\\ -\frac{5}{2}&0 & 3\\\frac{-3}{2}&-3&0 \end{bmatrix}$

$C'=\begin{bmatrix} 0 &- \frac{5}{2}&-\frac{3}{2}\\ \frac{5}{2}&0 &- 3\\\frac{3}{2}&3&0 \end{bmatrix}$

$C=-C'$

Thus, $\frac{1}{2}(A-A')$ is a skew-symmetric matrix.

Represent A as the sum of B and C.

$B+C= \begin{bmatrix} 3 & \frac{1}{2} & -\frac{5}{2}\\ \frac{1}{2} & -2 & -2\\ \frac{-5}{2} & -2 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $+\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \frac{5}{2}&\frac{3}{2}\\ -\frac{5}{2}&0 & 3\\\frac{-3}{2}&-3&0 \end{bmatrix}$ $=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 3 & -1\\ -2 & -2 & 1\\ -4 & -5 & 2 \end{bmatrix}=A$

Question 10(iv). Express the following matrices as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix:

$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5\\ -1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A =\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5\\ -1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A'=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1\\ 5 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+A'=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5\\ -1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $+\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1\\ 5 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+A'=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4\\ 4 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Let

$B=\frac{1}{2}(A+A')=\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4\\ 4 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$ $=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2\\ 2 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$B'=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2\\ 2 & 2 \end{bmatrix}=B$

Thus, $\frac{1}{2}(A+A')$ is a symmetric matrix.

$A-A'=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5\\ -1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $-\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1\\ 5 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A-A'=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 6\\ -6 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

Let

$C= \frac{1}{2}(A-A')=\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 6\\ -6 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 3\\ -3 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$C'= \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -3\\ 3 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$C=-C'$

Thus, $\frac{1}{2}(A-A')$ is a skew-symmetric matrix.

Represent A as the sum of B and C.

$B+C=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2\\ 2 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $- \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -3\\ 3 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 5\\ -1 & 2\end{bmatrix}=A$

Question 11 Choose the correct answer in the Exercises 11 and 12.

If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then AB – BA is a

(A) Skew symmetric matrix
(B) Symmetric matrix
(C) Zero matrix
(D) Identity matrix

Answer:

If A, B are symmetric matrices then

$A'=A$ and $B' = B$

we have, $\left ( AB-BA \right )'=\left ( AB \right )'-\left ( BA \right )'=B'A'-A'B'$

$=BA-AB$

$= -(AB-BA)$

Hence, we have $(AB-BA) = -(AB-BA)'$

Thus,( AB-BA)' is skew symmetric.

Option A is correct.

Question 12 Choose the correct answer in the Exercises 11 and 12.

If $A = \begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha& \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ and $A+A' =I$ , then the value of $\alpha$ is

(A) $\frac{\pi}{6}$

(B) $\frac{\pi}{3}$

(D) $\frac{3\pi}{2}$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha& \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & \sin\alpha\\ -\sin\alpha& \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

$A+A' = \begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ \sin\alpha& \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ $+ \begin{bmatrix} \cos\alpha & \sin\alpha\\ -\sin\alpha& \cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 1& 0\\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A+A' = \begin{bmatrix} 2\cos\alpha & 0\\ 0 & 2\cos\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 1& 0\\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$2 cos \alpha=1$

$cos \alpha=\frac{1}{2}$

$\alpha=\frac{\pi}{3}$

Option B is correct.

NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 3 Matrices: Exercise 3.4

Question 1 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\2&3 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

Use the elementary transformation we can find the inverse as follows

$A=\begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\2&3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\2&3 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2-2R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\0&5 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\-2&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow \frac{R_2}{5}$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\\frac{-2}{5}&\frac{1}{5} \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1+R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}\frac{3}{5}&\frac{1}{5}\\\frac{-2}{5}&\frac{1}{5} \end{bmatrix}A$

$\therefore A^{-1}= \begin{bmatrix}\frac{3}{5}&\frac{1}{5}\\\frac{-2}{5}&\frac{1}{5} \end{bmatrix}$

Question 2 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 2&1\\1&1\end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 2&1\\1&1\end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2&1\\1&1\end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1-R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix}1&0\\1&1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2-R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\-1& 2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$A^{-1}= \begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\-1& 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Thus we have obtained the inverse of the given matrix through elementary transformation

Question 3 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ 2 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ 2 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 \\ 2 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

Using elementary transformations

$R_2\rightarrow R_2-2R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix}1&3\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\-2&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_1\rightarrow R_1-3R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}7&-3\\-2&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ $\begin{bmatrix}7&-3\\-2&1 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 4 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 \\ 5 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 \\ 5 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 \\ 5 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2-2R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 &3 \\ 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\-2&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_1\rightarrow R_1-3R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} -1 &0 \\ 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}7&-3\\-2&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2+R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} -1 &0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}7&-3\\5&-2\end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow -R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-7&3\\5&-2\end{bmatrix}A$

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ $\begin{bmatrix}-7&3\\5&-2\end{bmatrix}$

Question 5 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 7 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A =\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 7 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 7 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2-3R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\-3&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_1\rightarrow R_1-R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}4&-1\\-3&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2-R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}4&-1\\-7&2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ $\begin{bmatrix}4&-1\\-7&2 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Thus the inverse of matrix A is obtained.

Question 6 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 5\\ 1 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 5\\ 1 &3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 5\\ 1 &3 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

Use the elementary transformation

$R_1\rightarrow R_1-R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2\\ 1 &3 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_2\rightarrow R_2-R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2\\ 0 &1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\-1&2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1-2R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 0 &1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}3&-5\\-1&2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ $\begin{bmatrix}3&-5\\-1&2 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 7 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 1\\ 5 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 1\\ 5 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 1\\ 5 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2-R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 1\\ 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\-1&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_1\rightarrow R_1-R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}2&-1\\-1&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2-2R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}2&-1\\-5&3 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ $\begin{bmatrix}2&-1\\-5&3 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Thus the inverse of matrix A is obtained using elementary transformation.

Question 8 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 4 &5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 4 &5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 4 &5 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1-R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 &1 \\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_2\rightarrow R_2-3R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix}1&1\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\-3&4 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1-R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}4&-5\\-3&4 \end{bmatrix}A$

Thus using elementary transformation inverse of A is obtained as

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ $\begin{bmatrix}4&-5\\-3&4 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 9 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 10\\ 2 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 10\\ 2 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 3 & 10\\ 2 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1-R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1& 3\\ 2 & 7 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_2\rightarrow R_2-2R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1& 3\\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&-1\\-2&3 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1-3R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1& 0\\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}7&-10\\-2&3 \end{bmatrix}A$

Thus using elementary transformation the inverse of A is obtained as

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ $\begin{bmatrix}7&-10\\-2&3 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 10 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1\\ -4 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1\\ -4 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1\\ -4 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2+R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 3 & -1\\ -1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\1&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_1\rightarrow R_1+2R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1\\ -1 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}3&2\\1&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2+R_1$

$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1\\ 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}3&2\\4&3 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow \frac{R_2}{2}$

$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1\\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}3&2\\2&\frac{3}{2} \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1-R_2$

$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&\frac{1}{2}\\2&\frac{3}{2} \end{bmatrix}A$

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ $\begin{bmatrix}1&\frac{1}{2}\\2&\frac{3}{2} \end{bmatrix}$ .

Thus the inverse of A is obtained using elementary transformation.

Question 11 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -6\\ 1 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -6\\ 1 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -6\\ 1 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1-3R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0\\ 1 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&-3\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_2\rightarrow R_2+R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0\\ 0 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&-3\\1&-2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow -R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 0 & -2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-1&3\\1&-2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow \frac{R_2}{-2}$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-1&3\\\frac{1}{-2}&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

thus the inverse of matrix A is

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ $\begin{bmatrix}-1&3\\\frac{1}{-2}&1 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 12 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 6 & -3\\ -2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 6 & -3\\ -2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 6 & -3\\ -2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow \frac{R_1}{6}$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1& -\frac{1}{2}\\ -2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}\frac{1}{6}&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_2\rightarrow R_2+2R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1& -\frac{1}{2}\\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}\frac{1}{6}&0\\\frac{1}{3}&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

Hence, we can see all the zeros in the second row of the matrix in L.H.S so $A^{-1}$ does not exist.

Question 13 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3\\ -1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3\\ -1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3\\ -1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow 2R_2+R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3\\ 0 &1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\1&2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_1\rightarrow R_1+3R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0\\ 0 &1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}4&6\\1&2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow \frac{R_1}{2}$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 0 &1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}2&3\\1&2 \end{bmatrix}A$

so the inverse of matrix A is

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ $\begin{bmatrix}2&3\\1&2 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 14 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 4 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 4 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 4 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow \frac{R_2}{2}$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&\frac{1}{2} \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_1\rightarrow R_1-R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0\\ 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&\frac{-1}{2}\\0&\frac{1}{2} \end{bmatrix}A$

Hence, we can see all upper values of matirix are zeros in L.H.S so $A^{-1}$ does not exists.

Question 15 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3 & 3\\ 2& 2 & 3\\ 3 & -2 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3 & 3\\ 2& 2 & 3\\ 3 & -2 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & -3 & 3\\ 2& 2 & 3\\ 3 & -2 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0&0\\0&1&0 \\0&0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1-R_3$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} -1 & -1 & 1\\ 2& 2 & 3\\ 3 & -2 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0&-1\\0&1&0 \\0&0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow -R_1$

$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & -1\\ 2& 2 & 3\\ 3 & -2 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-1&0&1\\0&1&0 \\0&0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_2\rightarrow R_2-2R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & -1\\ 0& 0 & 5\\ 3 & -2 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-1&0&1\\2&1&-2 \\0&0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_3\rightarrow R_3-3R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & -1\\ 0& 0 & 5\\ 0 & -5 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-1&0&1\\2&1&-2 \\3&0&-2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\leftrightarrow R_3$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & -1\\ 0& -5 & 5\\ 0 & 0 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-1&0&1\\3&0&-2 \\2&1&-2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow \frac{-R_2}{5}$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & -1\\ 0& 1 & -1\\ 0 & 0 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-1&0&1\\\frac{-3}{5}&0&\frac{2}{5} \\2&1&-2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1-R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0& 1 & -1\\ 0 & 0 & 5 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-\frac{2}{5}&0&\frac{3}{5}\\\frac{-3}{5}&0&\frac{2}{5} \\2&1&-2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_3\rightarrow \frac{R_3}{5}$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0& 1 & -1\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-\frac{2}{5}&0&\frac{3}{5}\\\frac{-3}{5}&0&\frac{2}{5} \\\frac{2}{5}&\frac{1}{5}&-\frac{2}{5} \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2+R_3$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0& 1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-\frac{2}{5}&0&\frac{3}{5}\\\frac{-1}{5}&\frac{1}{5}&0\\\frac{2}{5}&\frac{1}{5}&-\frac{2}{5} \end{bmatrix}A$

Thos the Inverse of A is

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ . $\begin{bmatrix}-\frac{2}{5}&0&\frac{3}{5}\\\frac{-1}{5}&\frac{1}{5}&0\\\frac{2}{5}&\frac{1}{5}&-\frac{2}{5} \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 16 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 & -2\\ -3& 0 &-5 \\ 2 & 5 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 & -2\\ -3& 0 &-5 \\ 2 & 5 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 & -2\\ -3& 0 &-5 \\ 2 & 5 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0&0\\0&1&0 \\0&0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2+3R_1$ and $R_3\rightarrow R_3-2R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 &3 & -2\\ 0& 9 &-11 \\ 0 & -1 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0&0\\3&1&0 \\-2&0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1+3R_3$ and $R_2\rightarrow R_2+8R_3$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 & 10\\ 0& 1 &21 \\ 0 & -1 & 4 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-5&0&3\\-13&1&8 \\-2&0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_3\rightarrow R_3+R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 & 10\\ 0& 1 &21 \\ 0 & 0 & 25 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-5&0&3\\-13&1&8 \\-15&1&9 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_3\rightarrow \frac{R_3}{25}$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 & 10\\ 0& 1 &21 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}-5&0&3\\-13&1&8 \\-\frac{3}{5}&\frac{1}{25}&\frac{9}{25} \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1-10R_3$ and $R_2\rightarrow R_2-21R_3$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 & 0\\ 0& 1 &0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&\frac{-2}{5}&\frac{-3}{5}\\\frac{-2}{5}&\frac{4}{25}&\frac{11}{25} \\-\frac{3}{5}&\frac{1}{25}&\frac{9}{25} \end{bmatrix}A$

Thus the inverse of three by three matrix A is

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ . $\begin{bmatrix}1&\frac{-2}{5}&\frac{-3}{5}\\\frac{-2}{5}&\frac{4}{25}&\frac{11}{25} \\-\frac{3}{5}&\frac{1}{25}&\frac{9}{25} \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 17 Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists
in Exercises 1 to 17.

$\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & -1\\ 5 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$A=\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & -1\\ 5 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

$A=IA$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & -1\\ 5 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}1&0&0\\0&1&0 \\0&0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow \frac{R_1}{2}$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & -\frac{1}{2}\\ 5 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}\frac{1}{2}&0&0\\0&1&0 \\0&0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_2\rightarrow R_2-5R_1$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & -\frac{1}{2}\\ 0 & 1 & \frac{5}{2}\\ 0 & 1 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}\frac{1}{2}&0&0\\-\frac{5}{2}&1&0 \\0&0&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$\Rightarrow$ $R_3\rightarrow R_3-R_2$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & -\frac{1}{2}\\ 0 & 1 & \frac{5}{2}\\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{2} \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}\frac{1}{2}&0&0\\-\frac{5}{2}&1&0 \\\frac{5}{2}&-1&1 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_3\rightarrow 2R_3$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & -\frac{1}{2}\\ 0 & 1 & \frac{5}{2}\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix}\frac{1}{2}&0&0\\-\frac{5}{2}&1&0 \\ 5&-2&2 \end{bmatrix}A$

$R_1\rightarrow R_1+\frac{R_3}{2}$ and $R_2\rightarrow R_2-\frac{5}{2}R_3$

$\Rightarrow$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 & 0\\ 0& 1 &0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 3&-1&1\\-15&6&-5 \\ 5&-2&2 \end{bmatrix}A$

Thus the inverse of A is obtained as

$\therefore A^{-1}=$ . $\begin{bmatrix} 3&-1&1\\-15&6&-5 \\ 5&-2&2 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question:18 Matrices A and B will be inverse of each other only if

(A) $AB = BA$

(B) $AB = BA = 0$

(D) $AB = BA = I$

Answer:

We know that if A is a square matrix of order n and there is another matrix B of same order n, such that $AB=BA=I$ , then B is inverse of matrix A.

In this case, it is clear that A is inverse of B.

Hence, m atrices A and B will be inverse of each other only if $AB=BA=I$ .

Option D is correct .

NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter - 3 Matrices: Miscellaneous exercise

Question:1 Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 &1 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ , show that $(aI + bA)^n = a^n I + na^{n-1} bA$ , where I is the identity matrix of order 2 and $n \in N$ .

Answer:

Given :

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 &1 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

To prove : $(aI + bA)^n = a^n I + na^{n-1} bA$

For n=1, $aI + bA = a I + a^{0} bA =a I + bA$

The result is true for n=1.

Let result be true for n=k,

$(aI + bA)^k = a^k I + ka^{k-1} bA$

Now, we prove that the result is true for n=k+1,

(aI + bA)^k^+^1 = (aI + bA)^k^(aI + bA)

$= (a^k I + ka^{k-1} bA)$ $(aI + bA)$

$=a^{k+1}I+Ka^{k}bAI+a^{k}bAI+ka^{k-1}b^{2}A^{2}$

$=a^{k+1}I+(k+1)a^{k}bAI+ka^{k-1}b^{2}A^{2}$

$A^{2} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 &1 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 0 &1 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{2} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 &0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}=0$

Put the value of $A^{2}$ in above equation,

(aI + bA)^k^+^1 $=a^{k+1}I+(k+1)a^{k}bAI+ka^{k-1}b^{2}A^{2}$

(aI + bA)^k^+^1 $=a^{k+1}I+(k+1)a^{k}bAI+0$

$=a^{k+1}I+(k+1)a^{k}bAI$

Hence, the result is true for n=k+1.

Thus, we have $(aI + bA)^n = a^n I + na^{n-1} bA$ where $A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 &1 \\ 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ , $n \in N$ .

Question 2. If $A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1\\ 1& 1& 1\\ 1& 1& 1 \end{bmatrix}$ then show that $A^n =\begin{bmatrix} 3^{n-1} & 3^{n-1} &3^{n-1} \\ 3^{n-1}& 3^{n-1} & 3^{n-1}\\ 3^{n-1} & 3^{n-1}& 3^{n-1} \end{bmatrix}$ , $n\in N$ .

Answer:

Given :

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1\\ 1& 1& 1\\ 1& 1& 1 \end{bmatrix}$

To prove:

$A^n =\begin{bmatrix} 3^{n-1} & 3^{n-1} &3^{n-1} \\ 3^{n-1}& 3^{n-1} & 3^{n-1}\\ 3^{n-1} & 3^{n-1}& 3^{n-1} \end{bmatrix}$

For n=1, we have

$A^1 =\begin{bmatrix} 3^{1-1} & 3^{1-1} &3^{1-1} \\ 3^{1-1}& 3^{1-1} & 3^{1-1}\\ 3^{1-1} & 3^{1-1}& 3^{1-1} \end{bmatrix}$ $=\begin{bmatrix} 3^{0} & 3^{0} &3^{0} \\ 3^{0}& 3^{0} & 3^{0}\\ 3^{0} & 3^{0}& 3^{0} \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1\\ 1& 1& 1\\ 1& 1& 1 \end{bmatrix}=A$

Thus, the result is true for n=1.

Now, take n=k,

$A^k =\begin{bmatrix} 3^{k-1} & 3^{k-1} &3^{k-1} \\ 3^{k-1}& 3^{k-1} & 3^{k-1}\\ 3^{k-1} & 3^{k-1}& 3^{k-1} \end{bmatrix}$

For, n=k+1,

$A^{K+1}=A.A^K$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1\\ 1& 1& 1\\ 1& 1& 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 3^{k-1} & 3^{k-1} &3^{k-1} \\ 3^{k-1}& 3^{k-1} & 3^{k-1}\\ 3^{k-1} & 3^{k-1}& 3^{k-1} \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix}3. 3^{k-1} & 3.3^{k-1} &3.3^{k-1} \\3. 3^{k-1}& 3.3^{k-1} & 3.3^{k-1}\\3. 3^{k-1} & 3.3^{k-1}&3. 3^{k-1} \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 3^{(K+1)-1} &3^{(K+1)-1} &3^{(K+1)-1}\\ 3^{(K+1)-1}&3^{(K+1)-1} &3^{(K+1)-1}\\ 3^{(K+1)-1} & 3^{(K+1)-1}& 3^{(K+1)-1}\end{bmatrix}$

Thus, the result is true for n=k+1.

Hence, we have $A^n =\begin{bmatrix} 3^{n-1} & 3^{n-1} &3^{n-1} \\ 3^{n-1}& 3^{n-1} & 3^{n-1}\\ 3^{n-1} & 3^{n-1}& 3^{n-1} \end{bmatrix}$ , $n\in N$ where $A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1\\ 1& 1& 1\\ 1& 1& 1 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 3. If $A = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & -4\\ 1& -1 \end{bmatrix}$ , then prove that $A^n = \begin{bmatrix} 1+2n & -4\n\\ n & 1-2n \end{bmatrix}$ , where n is any positive integer.

Answer:

Given :

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & -4\\ 1& -1 \end{bmatrix}$

To prove:

$A^n = \begin{bmatrix} 1+2n & -4\n\\ n & 1-2n \end{bmatrix}$

For n=1, we have

$A^1 = \begin{bmatrix} 1+2\times 1 & -4\times 1\\ 1 & 1-2\times 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 3 & -4\\ 1 & -1 \end{bmatrix}=A$

Thus, result is true for n=1.

Now, take result is true for n=k,

$A^k = \begin{bmatrix} 1+2k & -4k\\ k & 1-2k \end{bmatrix}$

For, n=k+1,

$A^{K+1}=A.A^K$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 3 & -4\\ 1& -1 \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1+2k & -4k\\ k & 1-2k \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 3(1+2k)-4k & -12k-4(1-2k)\\ (1+2k)-k &-4k-(1-2k) \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 3+6k-4k & -12k-4k+8k\\ 1+k &-4k-1+2k \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 3+2k & -4k-4k\\ 1+k &-2k-1 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 1+2(k+1)& -4(k+1)\\ 1+k &1-2(k+1) \end{bmatrix}$

Thus, the result is true for n=k+1.

Hence, we have $A^n = \begin{bmatrix} 1+2n & -4\n\\ n & 1-2n \end{bmatrix}$ , where $A = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & -4\\ 1& -1 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 4. If A and B are symmetric matrices, prove that $AB - BA$ is a skew symmetric matrix.

Answer:

If A, B are symmetric matrices then

$A'=A$ and $B' = B$

we have, $\left ( AB-BA \right )'=\left ( AB \right )'-\left ( BA \right )'=B'A'-A'B'$

$=BA-AB$

$= -(AB-BA)$

Hence, we have $(AB-BA) = -(AB-BA)'$

Thus,( AB-BA)' is skew symmetric.

Question 5. Show that the matrix B′AB is symmetric or skew symmetric according as A is symmetric or skew symmetric.

Answer:

Let be a A is symmetric matrix , then $A'=A$

Consider, $(B'AB)' ={B'(AB)}'$

$={(AB)}'(B')'$

$= B'A'(B)$

$= B'(A'B)$

Replace $A'$ by $A$

$=B'(AB)$

i.e. $(B'AB)'$ $=B'(AB)$

Thus, if A is a symmetric matrix than $B'(AB)$ is a symmetric matrix.

Now, let A be a skew-symmetric matrix, then $A'=-A$ .

$(B'AB)' ={B'(AB)}'$

$={(AB)}'(B')'$

$= B'A'(B)$

$= B'(A'B)$

Replace $A'$ by - $A$ ,

$=B'(-AB)$

$= - B'AB$

i.e. $(B'AB)'$ $= - B'AB$ .

Thus, if A is a skew-symmetric matrix then $- B'AB$ is a skew-symmetric matrix.

Hence, the matrix B′AB is symmetric or skew-symmetric according to as A is symmetric or skew-symmetric.

Question 6. Find the values of x , y , z if the matrix $A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 2y & z\\ x & y & -z\\ x & -y &z \end{bmatrix}$ satisfy the equation $A'A = I$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 2y & z\\ x & y & -z\\ x & -y &z \end{bmatrix}$

$A' = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & x & x\\ 2y & y & -y\\ z & -z &z \end{bmatrix}$

$A'A = I$

$\begin{bmatrix} 0 & x & x\\ 2y & y & -y\\ z & -z &z \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 2y & z\\ x & y & -z\\ x & -y &z \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0& 0\\ 0 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 &1\end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix} x^{2}+x^{2} & xy-xy& -xz+xz\\ xy-xy& 4y^{2}+y^{2}+y^{2} & 2yz-yz-yz\\ -zx+zx & 2yz-yz-yz &z^{2}+z^{2}+z^{2}\end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0& 0\\ 0 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 &1\end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix} 2x^{2} & 0& 0\\ 0& 6y^{2} & 0\\ 0 & 0 &3z^{2}\end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0& 0\\ 0 & 1 & 0\\ 0 & 0 &1\end{bmatrix}$

Thus equating the terms elementwise

$2x^{2} = 1$ $6y^{2} = 1$ $3z^{2} = 1$

$x^{2} = \frac{1}{2}$ $y^{2} = \frac{1}{6}$ $z^{2}=\frac{1}{3}$

$x = \pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ $y= \pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}$ $z=\pm \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$

Question 7. For what values of x: $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 0\\ 2 & 0 &1 \\ 1& 0& 2\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 2 \\ x \end{bmatrix} = O$ ?

Answer:

$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 0\\ 2 & 0 &1 \\ 1& 0& 2\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 2 \\ x \end{bmatrix} = O$

$\begin{bmatrix} 1+4+1 & 2+0+0 & 0+2+2 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 2 \\ x \end{bmatrix} = O$

$\begin{bmatrix} 6& 2& 4 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 0\\ 2 \\ x \end{bmatrix} = O$

$\begin{bmatrix} 0+4+4x \end{bmatrix} = O$

$4+4x=0$

$4x=-4$

$x=-1$

Thus, value of x is -1.

Question 8. If $A = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &1 \\ -1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ , show that $A^2 -5A + 7I= 0$ .

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &1 \\ -1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{2} = \begin{bmatrix} 3 &1 \\ -1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 3 &1 \\ -1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{2} = \begin{bmatrix} 9-1 &3+2 \\ -3-2 & -1+4 \end{bmatrix}$

$A^{2} = \begin{bmatrix} 8 &5 \\ -5 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$

$I= \begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 \\ 0& 1 \end{bmatrix}$

To prove: $A^2 -5A + 7I= 0$

L.H.S : $A^2 -5A + 7I$

$= \begin{bmatrix} 8 &5 \\ -5 & 3 \end{bmatrix}$ $-5 \begin{bmatrix} 3 &1 \\ -1 & 2 \end{bmatrix}$ $+ 7 \begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 \\ 0& 1 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 8-15+7 &5-5+0 \\ -5+5+0& 3-10+7 \end{bmatrix}$

$=\begin{bmatrix} 0 &0 \\ 0& 0 \end{bmatrix} =0=R.H.S$

Hence, we proved that

$A^2 -5A + 7I= 0$ .

Question 9. Find x, if $\begin{bmatrix} x & -5 & -1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 2\\ 0 & 2 & 1\\ 2 & 0 & 3 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x\\ 4\\ 1 \end{bmatrix} = 0$ .

Answer:

$\begin{bmatrix} x & -5 & -1 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 2\\ 0 & 2 & 1\\ 2 & 0 & 3 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x\\ 4\\ 1 \end{bmatrix} = 0$

$\begin{bmatrix} x +0-2& 0-10+0 & 2x-5-3 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x\\ 4\\ 1 \end{bmatrix} = 0$

$\begin{bmatrix} x -2& -10 & 2x-8 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x\\ 4\\ 1 \end{bmatrix} = 0$

$\begin{bmatrix}x (x -2)-40+(2x-8) \end{bmatrix} = 0$

$\begin{bmatrix}x ^{2}-2x-40+2x-8\end{bmatrix} = 0$

$\therefore \, \, x ^{2}-48= 0$

$x ^{2}=48$

thus the value of x is

$x =\pm 4\sqrt{3}$

Question 10(a) A manufacturer produces three products x, y, z which he sells in two markets.
Annual sales are indicated below:

Market Products
I 10,000 2,000 18,000
II 6,000 20,000 8,000

If unit sale prices of x, y and z are ` 2.50, ` 1.50 and ` 1.00, respectively, find the total revenue in each market with the help of matrix algebra.

Answer:

The unit sale prices of x, y and z are ` 2.50, ` 1.50 and ` 1.00, respectively.

The total revenue in the market I with the help of matrix algebra can be represented as :

$\begin{bmatrix} 10000& 2000 & 18000 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 2.50\\ 1.50\\ 1.00 \end{bmatrix}$

$= 10000\times 2.50+2000\times 1.50+18000\times 1.00$

$= 25000+3000+18000$

$= 46000$

The total revenue in market II with the help of matrix algebra can be represented as :

$\begin{bmatrix} 6000& 20000 & 8000 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 2.50\\ 1.50\\ 1.00 \end{bmatrix}$

$= 6000\times 2.50+20000\times 1.50+8000\times 1.00$

$= 15000+30000+8000$

$= 53000$

Hence, total revenue in the market I is 46000 and total revenue in market II is 53000.

Question 10(b). A manufacturer produces three products x, y, z which he sells in two markets.
Annual sales are indicated below:

Market Products
I 10,000 2,000 18,000
II 6,000 20,000 8,000

If the unit costs of the above three commodities are ` 2.00, ` 1.00 and 50 paise respectively. Find the gross profit.

Answer:

The unit costs of the above three commodities are ` 2.00, ` 1.00 and 50 paise respectively.

The total cost price in market I with the help of matrix algebra can be represented as :

$\begin{bmatrix} 10000& 2000 & 18000 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 2.00\\ 1.00\\ 0.50 \end{bmatrix}$

$= 10000\times 2.00+2000\times 1.00+18000\times 0.50$

$= 20000+2000+9000$

$= 31000$

Total revenue in the market I is 46000 , gross profit in the market is $= 46000-31000$ $=Rs. 15000$

The total cost price in market II with the help of matrix algebra can be represented as :

$\begin{bmatrix} 6000& 20000 & 8000 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 2.00\\ 1.00\\ 0.50 \end{bmatrix}$

$= 6000\times 2.0+20000\times 1.0+8000\times 0.50$

$= 12000+20000+4000$

$= 36000$

Total revenue in market II is 53000, gross profit in the market is $= 53000-36000= Rs. 17000$

Question 11. Find the matrix X so that $X\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 &3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} -7 & -8 & -9\\ 2 &4 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$

Answer:

$X\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 &3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} -7 & -8 & -9\\ 2 &4 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$

The matrix given on R.H.S is $2\times 3$ matrix and on LH.S is $2\times 3$ matrix.Therefore, X has to be $2\times 2$ matrix.

Let X be $\begin{bmatrix} a & c\\ b & d \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix} a & c\\ b & d \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 &3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} -7 & -8 & -9\\ 2 &4 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix} a+4c & 2a+5c &3a+6c \\ b+4d & 2b+5d & 3b+6d \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} -7 & -8 & -9\\ 2 &4 & 6 \end{bmatrix}$

$a+4c=-7$ $2a+5c=-8$ $3a+6c=-9$

$b+4d=2$ $2b+5d=4$ $3b+6d=6$

Taking, $a+4c=-7$

$a=-4c-7$

$2a+5c=-8$

$-8c-14+5c=-8$

$-3c=6$

$c=-2$

$a=-4\times -2-7$

$a=8-7=1$

$b+4d=2$

$b=-4d+2$

$2b+5d=4$

$\Rightarrow$ $-8d+4+5d=4$

$\Rightarrow -3d=0$

$\Rightarrow d=0$

$b=-4d+2$

$\Rightarrow b=-4\times 0+2=2$

Hence, we have $a=1, b=2,c=-2,d=0$

Matrix X is $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -2\\ 2 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ .

Question 12. If A and B are square matrices of the same order such that $AB = BA$ , then prove by induction that $AB^n = B^n A$ . Further, prove that $(AB)^n = A^n B^n$ for all $n \in N$ .

Answer:

A and B are square matrices of the same order such that $AB = BA$ ,

To prove : $AB^n = B^n A$ , $n \in N$

For n=1, we have $AB^1 = B^1 A$

Thus, the result is true for n=1.

Let the result be true for n=k,then we have $AB^k = B^k A$

Now, taking n=k+1 , we have $AB^{k+1} = AB^k .B$

$AB^{k+1} = (B^kA) .B$

$AB^{k+1} = (B^k) .AB$

$AB^{k+1} = (B^k) .BA$

$AB^{k+1} = (B^k.B) .A$

$AB^{k+1} = (B^k^+^1) .A$

Thus, the result is true for n=k+1.

Hence, we have $AB^n = B^n A$ , $n \in N$ .

To prove: $(AB)^n = A^n B^n$

For n=1, we have $(AB)^1 = A^1 B^1$

Thus, the result is true for n=1.

Let the result be true for n=k,then we have $(AB)^k = A^k B^k$

Now, taking n=k+1 , we have $(AB)^{k+1} = (A B)^k.(AB)$

$(AB)^{k+1} = A^k B^k.(AB)$

$(AB)^{k+1} = A^{K}( B^kA)B$

$(AB)^{k+1} = A^{K}( AB^k)B$

$(AB)^{k+1} = (A^{K}A)(B^kB)$

$(AB)^{k+1} = (A^{k+1})(B^{k+1})$

Thus, the result is true for n=k+1.

Hence, we have $AB^n = B^n A$ and $(AB)^n = A^n B^n$ for all $n \in N$ .

Question 13 Choose the correct answer in the following questions:

If $A = \begin{bmatrix} \alpha &\beta\\ \gamma &-\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ is such that $A^2 = I$

(A) $1 + \alpha^2 + \beta \gamma = 0$

(B) $1 - \alpha^2 + \beta \gamma = 0$

(D) $1 + \alpha^2 - \beta \gamma = 0$

Answer:

$A = \begin{bmatrix} \alpha &\beta\\ \gamma &-\alpha \end{bmatrix}$

$A^2 = I$

$\begin{bmatrix} \alpha &\beta\\ \gamma &-\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ $\begin{bmatrix} \alpha &\beta\\ \gamma &-\alpha \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 1 &0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix} \alpha^{2} +\beta \gamma&\alpha \beta-\alpha \beta\\\alpha \gamma-\alpha \gamma&\beta \gamma+\alpha^{2} \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 1 &0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix} \alpha^{2} +\beta \gamma&0\\0&\beta \gamma+\alpha^{2} \end{bmatrix}$ $= \begin{bmatrix} 1 &0\\0&1 \end{bmatrix}$

Thus we obtained that

$\alpha^{2} +\beta \gamma=1$

$\Rightarrow 1-\alpha^{2} -\beta \gamma=0$

Option C is correct.

Question 14. If the matrix A is both symmetric and skew-symmetric, then

(A) A is a diagonal matrix
(B) A is a zero matrix
(C) A is a square matrix
(D) None of these

Answer:

If the matrix A is both symmetric and skew-symmetric, then

$A'=A$ and $A'=-A$

$A'=A'$

$\Rightarrow \, \, \, \, \, \, \, A=-A$

$\Rightarrow \, \, \, \, \, \, \, A+A=0$

$\Rightarrow \, \, \, \, \, \, \, 2A=0$

$\Rightarrow \, \, \, \, \, \, \, A=0$

Hence, A is a zero matrix.

Option B is correct.

Question 15. If A is square matrix such that $A^{2}=A$ , then $(I + A)^3 - 7 A$ is equal to

(A) A
(B) I – A
(C) I
(D) 3A

Answer:

A is a square matrix such that $A^{2}=A$

$(I + A)^3 - 7 A$

$=I^{3}+A^{3}+3I^{2}A+3IA^{2}-7A$

$=I+A^{2}.A+3A+3A^{2}-7A$

$=I+A.A+3A+3A-7A$ (Replace $A^{2}$ by $A$ )

$=I+A^{2}+6A-7A$

$=I+A-A$

$=I$

Hence, we have $(I + A)^3 - 7 A=I$

Option C is correct.

If you are interested in Matrices Class 12 NCERT Solutions exercises then these are listed below.

Matrices Class 12 NCERT Solutions Exercise 3.1

Matrices Class 12 NCERT Solutions Exercise 3.2

Matrices Class 12 NCERT Solutions Exercise 3.3

Matrices Class 12 NCERT Solutions Exercise 3.4

Matrices Class 12 NCERT Solutions Miscellaneous Exercise

Matrices Class 12 NCERT solutions - Topics

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Matrix

3.2.1 Order of a matrix

3.3 Types of Matrices

3.3.1 Equality of matrices

3.4 Operations on Matrices

3.4.1 Addition of matrices

3.4.2 Multiplication of a matrix by a scalar

3.4.3 Properties of matrix addition

3.4.4 Properties of scalar multiplication of a matrix

3.4.5 Multiplication of matrices

3.4.6 Properties of multiplication of matrices

3.5. Transpose of a Matrix

3.5.1 Properties of the transpose of the matrices

3.6 Symmetric and Skew-Symmetric Matrices

3.7 Elementary Operation (Transformation) of a Matrix

3.8 Invertible Matrices

3.8.1 Inverse of a matrix by elementary operations

Topics of NCERT Class 12 Maths Chapter Matrices

The main topics covered in maths chapter 3 class 12 are:

Matrix

It is an ordered representation of numbers and functions, known as elements in a rectangular array. In this class 12 NCERT topics discuss concepts related to the order of a matrix, elements in raw, and columns of a matrix. there are good quality questions in matrix class 12 solutions.

Type of matrices

This ch 1 maths class 12 concerns different types of matrices like column matrix, raw matrix, square matrix, diagonal matrix, scalar matrix, identity matrix, zero matrix, etc. In this ch 3 maths class 12 also discuss comprehensively conditions of equality of matrix. To get command on these concepts you can refer to NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 3.

Operations on matrices

This ch 3 maths class 12 also includes concepts of addition of matrices, multiplication of a matrix by a scalar, negative matrix, difference of matrices. maths class 12 chapter 3 also contains properties of matrix addition that include commutative leas, associative laws, the existence of an additive identity, the existence of additive inverse. Properties of scalar multiplication of matrix elaborated in this chapter. You can refer to class 12 NCERT solutions for questions about these concepts.

multiplication of matrix

Properties of multiplication of matrix that includes associative law, distributive laws, the existence of multiplicative identity. to get command of these concepts you can go through the NCERT solution for class 12 maths chapter 3.

transpose of a matrix

properties of transpose of the matrix are discussed in maths class 12 chapter 3. matrix class 12 solutions include quality questions to understand the concepts.

ch 3 maths class 12 also discuss in detail the concepts of symmetric and skew symmetric matrix, elementary operations (transformation) of a matrix. for questions on these concepts, you can browse NCERT solutions for class 12 chapter 3.

Invertible matrix

In class 12 NCERT chapter you get an idea of the inverse of a matrix by elementary operation. class 12 NCERT solutions include problems related to these concepts

Topics enumerated in class 12 NCERT are very important and students are suggested to go through all the concepts discussed in the topics. Questions related to all the above topics are covered in the NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 3

Also read,

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 - Subject Wise

NCERT solutions for class 12 maths - Chapter wise

Chapter 1	Relations and Functions
Chapter 2	Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Chapter 3	Matrices
Chapter 4	Determinants
Chapter 5	Continuity and Differentiability
Chapter 6	Application of Derivatives
Chapter 7	Integrals
Chapter 8	Application of Integrals
Chapter 9	Differential Equations
Chapter 10	Vector Algebra
Chapter 11	Three Dimensional Geometry
Chapter 12	Linear Programming
Chapter 13	Probability

How to use NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices

NCERT Class 12 Maths solutions chapter 3 covers all the questions given in the textbook. Make sure you have gone through all the important concepts of NCERT class 12th maths Matricesbefore solving the questions.
Firstly try to solve the questions on your own and then check the NCERT class 12 maths chapter 3 solutions.
Along with the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices, solve the previous year questions as well.
NCERT Class 12 maths chapter 3 solutions pdf download will be made available soon. Till then you can save this webpage instead of NCERT class 12 maths chapter 3 pdf to practice questions offline.

NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How are the NCERT solutions helpful in the board exam?

NCERT solutions are not only important when you are stuck while solving the problems but you will get to know how to answer in the board exam in order to get good marks in the board exam. these class 12 maths ch 3 question answer also make you understand new concepts or in depth understanding of topics and can solve you doubts. in this way ncert solutions becomes important so you can refer ncert textbooks, ncert exercises and ncert solutions.

2. What are the important topics in chapter matrices?

Matrices, order of a matrix, types of matrices, equality of matrices, operations like addition multiplication on matrices, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices are the important topics in this chapter. these topics are very important because of use in other supplementary topics like 3d geometry.

3. Can using class 12 maths chapter 3 ncert solutions improve your performance on the board exam?

Yes, Class 12 Matrices solutions definitely improve the performance on the board exam. It's recommended that students begin by tackling simpler problems before moving on to more challenging ones. Class 12 matrices NCERT solutions will enable them to identify areas where they need improvement. Through repeated practice on their weaker concepts, students can strengthen their skills and perform well on the board exams. Additionally, short-cut tips are provided to assist students in finding easier ways to solve complex problems.

4. What is the weightage of the chapter matrices for CBSE board exam?

The topic algebra which contains two topics matrices and determinants which has 13 % weightage in the maths CBSE 12th board final examination. students can list out topics according to respective weightage and channelise their energy according to priority of the topics.

5. What are the primary themes covered in NCERT Solutions for class 12 chapter 3 maths?

Mathematics often has simple chapters that can be enjoyable to study once understood, and matrices are one example. NCERT Class 12 maths matrices focus on the following main topics: matrices, types of matrices, operations on matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices, elementary operations on matrices, and invertible matrices. The material is presented in a straightforward manner to help students achieve good grades in the board exams, regardless of their intelligence. For ease, students can study matrices class 12 ncert pdf both online and offline.

Also Read

NCERT Class 12 Maths Notes - Download Chapter wise Free PDFs

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 9 Notes Ray Optics and Optical Instruments - Download PDF

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 Notes Electromagnetic Waves - Download PDF

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Notes Alternating Current - Download PDF

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 6 Notes Electromagnetic Induction - Download PDF

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 Notes Magnetism and Matter - Download PDF

NCERT Books for Class 12 - Download All Subjects PDFs Here

NCERT Solutions for Miscellaneous Exercise Chapter 7 Class 12 - Integrals

NCERT Solutions for Exercise 4.1 Class 11 Maths Chapter 4 - Principle of Mathematical Induction

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves

Articles

JAC 12th Result 2025 Science, Jharkhand Inter Science Result @jacresults.com

Nov 19, 2024

TS Intermediate Exam Date 2025, Check Telangana 1st, 2nd Year Time Table @tgbie.cgg.gov.in

Nov 19, 2024

IMO Answer Key 2024-25, Download Math Olympiad Class 1 to 12 (SET A, B, C)

Nov 19, 2024

12th Time Table 2025: Check State-wise Exam Date Sheet

Nov 19, 2024

Skill Based Subjects in CBSE with Good Scope for Classes XI and XII

Nov 17, 2024

CBSE Percentage Calculation Method Class 12: How to Check Percentage of Marks

Nov 14, 2024

CBSE Class 11 Date Sheet 2025 – Download Class 11th Exam Schedule for All Subjects

Nov 14, 2024

CBSE Syllabus 2025 Class 10th 12th PDF Download Subject Wise Pattern

Nov 14, 2024

Upcoming School Exams

National Institute of Open Schooling 12th Examination

Admit Card Date:04 October,2024 - 29 November,2024

Application Process

Exam Pattern

Admit Card

National Institute of Open Schooling 10th examination

Admit Card Date:04 October,2024 - 29 November,2024

Application Process

Exam Pattern

Mock Test

Mizoram Board of School Education 12th Examination

Application Date:07 October,2024 - 22 November,2024

Exam Pattern

Result

Mock Test

Mizoram Board 10th Examination

Application Date:07 October,2024 - 22 November,2024

Exam Pattern

Admit Card

Result

Punjab Board of Secondary Education 10th Examination

Application Correction Date:08 October,2024 - 27 November,2024

Exam Pattern

Result

Admit Card

View All School Exams

Certifications By Top Providers

Full-Stack Web Development

Via Masai School

Digital Banking Business Model

Via State Bank of India

Business Analytics Foundations

Via PW Skills

Master Data Management for Beginners

Via TCS iON Digital Learning Hub

Data Analytics Basics for Everyone

Via IBM

Banking 101 A Guide for Beginners in the Banking Sector

Via EduBridge

1113 courses

812 courses

394 courses

295 courses

Harvard University, Cambridge

98 courses

IBM

83 courses

IT & Software

Teaching and Academics

Programming and Development

Health, Fitness and Medicine

Business and Management

Engineering and Architecture

General Management

Financial Management

Environmental Studies

History

Artificial Intelligence

Psychology

Explore Top Universities Across Globe

University of Essex, Colchester

Wivenhoe Park Colchester CO4 3SQ

University College London, London

Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT

The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh

Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh, Post Code EH8 9YL

University of Bristol, Bristol

Beacon House, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1QU

University of Delaware, Newark

Newark, DE 19716

University of Nottingham, Nottingham

University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD

PR in UK After Study for International and Indian Students 2025

9 min ⋆ Nov 14, 2024 13:11 PM IST

Duolingo English Test Accepting Universities and Countries in 2025-26

12 min ⋆ Nov 14, 2024 13:11 PM IST

Top MBA Colleges in Dubai 2025 (with Tuition fees): List of Best Colleges

11 min ⋆ Nov 14, 2024 13:11 PM IST

Cheapest Universities in Germany for International Students 2025-26

15 min ⋆ Nov 14, 2024 13:11 PM IST

Cheapest Universities in Melbourne 2025: Discover Affordable Education

7 min ⋆ Nov 14, 2024 13:11 PM IST

Top Courses to Study in USA for Indian and International Students 2025

11 min ⋆ Nov 14, 2024 13:11 PM IST

Related E-books & Sample Papers

CBSE Class 12 Accounts Sample Paper with Solution 2024-25 PDF

124+ Downloads

CBSE Class 12 Physical Education Sample Paper with Solution 2024-25 PDF

51+ Downloads

CBSE Class 12 Hindi Elective Sample Paper with Solution 2024-25 PDF

58+ Downloads

CBSE Class 12 Hindi Core Sample Paper with Solution 2024-25 PDF

53+ Downloads

CBSE Class 12 Political Science Sample Paper with Solution 2024-25 PDF

41+ Downloads

CBSE Class 12 Physics Sample Paper with Solution 2024-25 PDF

146+ Downloads

Questions related to CBSE Class 12th

Have a question related to CBSE Class 12th ?

quartely question paper for mathematics cbse

Hello there! Thanks for reaching out to us at Careers360.

Ah, you're looking for CBSE quarterly question papers for mathematics, right? Those can be super helpful for exam prep.

Unfortunately, CBSE doesn't officially release quarterly papers - they mainly put out sample papers and previous years' board exam papers. But don't worry, there are still some good options to help you practice!

Have you checked out the CBSE sample papers on their official website? Those are usually pretty close to the actual exam format. You could also look into previous years' board exam papers - they're great for getting a feel for the types of questions that might come up.

If you're after more practice material, some textbook publishers release their own mock papers which can be useful too.

Let me know if you need any other tips for your math prep. Good luck with your studies!

Read Complete Answer

Jefferson 25 September,2024

i have taken admission in clg after my campartment exam in chemistry along with the neet 2025 preperation but unfortunately i again got campartment after doing all this preparation i got 15 marks only now I can't able to think what should I do next.

It's understandable to feel disheartened after facing a compartment exam, especially when you've invested significant effort. However, it's important to remember that setbacks are a part of life, and they can be opportunities for growth.

Possible steps:

Re-evaluate Your Study Strategies:
- Identify Weak Areas: Pinpoint the specific topics or concepts that caused difficulties.
- Seek Clarification: Reach out to teachers, tutors, or online resources for additional explanations.
- Practice Regularly: Consistent practice is key to mastering chemistry.
Consider Professional Help:
- Tutoring: A tutor can provide personalized guidance and support.
- Counseling: If you're feeling overwhelmed or unsure about your path, counseling can help.
Explore Alternative Options:
- Retake the Exam: If you're confident in your ability to improve, consider retaking the chemistry compartment exam.
- Change Course: If you're not interested in pursuing chemistry further, explore other academic options that align with your interests.
Focus on NEET 2025 Preparation:
- Stay Dedicated: Continue your NEET preparation with renewed determination.
- Utilize Resources: Make use of study materials, online courses, and mock tests.
Seek Support:
- Talk to Friends and Family: Sharing your feelings can provide comfort and encouragement.
- Join Study Groups: Collaborating with peers can create a supportive learning environment.

Remember: This is a temporary setback. With the right approach and perseverance, you can overcome this challenge and achieve your goals.

I hope this information helps you.

Read Complete Answer

Kanishka kaushikii 17 September,2024

i scored 84 percent in cbse 2 years ago.Am i eligible for medhavi scholarship if give 12th again after 2 drop years and will got 75+ in mpboard

Hi,

Qualifications:
Age: As of the last registration date, you must be between the ages of 16 and 40.
Qualification: You must have graduated from an accredited board or at least passed the tenth grade. Higher qualifications are also accepted, such as a diploma, postgraduate degree, graduation, or 11th or 12th grade.
How to Apply:
Get the Medhavi app by visiting the Google Play Store.
Register: In the app, create an account.
Examine Notification: Examine the comprehensive notification on the scholarship examination.
Sign up to Take the Test: Finish the app's registration process.
Examine: The Medhavi app allows you to take the exam from the comfort of your home.
Get Results: In just two days, the results are made public.
Verification of Documents: Provide the required paperwork and bank account information for validation.
Get Scholarship: Following a successful verification process, the scholarship will be given. You need to have at least passed the 10th grade/matriculation scholarship amount will be transferred directly to your bank account.

Scholarship Details:

Type A: For candidates scoring 60% or above in the exam.

Type B: For candidates scoring between 50% and 60%.

Type C: For candidates scoring between 40% and 50%.

Cash Scholarship:

Scholarships can range from Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 18,000 per month, depending on the marks obtained and the type of scholarship exam (SAKSHAM, SWABHIMAN, SAMADHAN, etc.).

Since you already have a 12th grade qualification with 84%, you meet the qualification criteria and are eligible to apply for the Medhavi Scholarship exam. Make sure to prepare well for the exam to maximize your chances of receiving a higher scholarship.

Hope you find this useful!

Read Complete Answer

Yuvan 30 August,2024

i upload 12th board result screenshot in ncweb form from the cbse site so it is valid

hello mahima,

If you have uploaded screenshot of your 12th board result taken from CBSE official website,there won,t be a problem with that.If the screenshot that you have uploaded is clear and legible. It should display your name, roll number, marks obtained, and any other relevant details in a readable forma.ALSO, the screenshot clearly show it is from the official CBSE results portal.

hope this helps.

Read Complete Answer

Ashvadha 12 July,2024

Kya mujhe class 12 ka important question milega jo exam mai per year puche jate hai

Hello Akash,

If you are looking for important questions of class 12th then I would like to suggest you to go with previous year questions of that particular board. You can go with last 5-10 years of PYQs so and after going through all the questions you will have a clear idea about the type and level of questions that are being asked and it will help you to boost your class 12th board preparation.

You can get the Previous Year Questions (PYQs) on the official website of the respective board.

I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries then feel free to share your questions with us we will be happy to assist you.

Thank you and wishing you all the best for your bright future.

Read Complete Answer

kumardurgesh1802 10 July,2024

View All

Stay up-to date with CBSE Class 12th News

Download Careers360 App

All this at the convenience of your phone

Regular Exam Updates
Best College Recommendations
College & Rank predictors
Detailed Books and Sample Papers
Question and Answers

Scan and download the app

Central Board of Secondary Education Class 12th Examination

JEE Test Series

Applications Open

Option 1) $0.34\; J$	Option 2) $0.16\; J$
Option 3) $1.00\; J$	Option 4) $0.67\; J$

Option 1) $2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J$	Option 2) $200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J$
Option 3) $2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J$	Option 4) $20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J$

Option 1) $K/2\,$	Option 2) $\; K\;$
Option 3) $zero\;$	Option 4) $K/4$

Option 1) $11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole $HCL_{(aq)}$ consumed	Option 2) $6L\, HCl_{(aq)}$ is consumed for ever $3L\, H_{2(g)}$ produced
Option 3) $33.6 L\, H_{2(g)}$ is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts	Option 4) $67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}$ at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

Option 1) 0.02	Option 2) 3.125 × 10^-2
Option 3) 1.25 × 10^-2	Option 4) 2.5 × 10^-2

Option 1) decrease twice	Option 2) increase two fold
Option 3) remain unchanged	Option 4) be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

Option 1) Molality	Option 2) Weight fraction of solute
Option 3) Fraction of solute present in water	Option 4) Mole fraction.

Option 1) twice that in 60 g carbon	Option 2) 6.023 × 10²²
Option 3) half that in 8 g He	Option 4) 558.5 × 6.023 × 10²³

Option 1) less than 3	Option 2) more than 3 but less than 6
Option 3) more than 6 but less than 9	Option 4) more than 9

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices

Matrices Class 12 Questions And Answers

VMC VIQ Scholarship Test

Pearson | PTE

Matrices Class 12 Questions And Answers PDF Free Download

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices - Important Formulae

Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Question Answer (Intext Questions and Exercise)

More about NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices

Matrices Class 12 NCERT solutions - Topics

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 - Subject Wise

NCERT solutions for class 12 maths - Chapter wise

How to use NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices

NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Also Read

Articles

Upcoming School Exams

Certifications By Top Providers

Explore Top Universities Across Globe

Related E-books & Sample Papers

Questions related to CBSE Class 12th

Popular CBSE Class 12th Questions

Colleges After 12th

VMC VIQ Scholarship Test

JEE Main Important Physics formulas

JEE Main Important Chemistry formulas

TOEFL ® Registrations 2024

Pearson | PTE

JEE Main high scoring chapters and topics

Stay up-to date with CBSE Class 12th News

Explore on Careers360

NCERT Solutions

NCERT Exemplars

NCERT Books

NCERT Notes

CBSE

CBSE Class 10

CBSE Class 12th

CISCE Board 10th

IMO

IEO

NSO

NMMS

NVS

JNVST

Schools By Medium

By Ownership

By City

By State

Download Careers360 App

All this at the convenience of your phone

Scan and download the app