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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 Probability

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 Probability

Edited By Ramraj Saini | Updated on Sep 16, 2023 05:06 PM IST | #CBSE Class 12th
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NCERT Probability Class 12 Questions And Answers

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 Probability are provided here. You have already studied the basics of probability class 12 in our previous classes like probability as a measure of uncertainty of events in a random experiment, addition rule of probability etc. NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 13 probability will build your base to study probability theory in higher studies therefore probability class 12 ncert solutions become very important.

This Story also Contains
  1. NCERT Probability Class 12 Questions And Answers
  2. NCERT Probability Class 12 Questions And Answers PDF Free Download
  3. NCERT Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 Question Answer Probability - Important Formulae
  4. NCERT Probability Class 12 Questions And Answers (Intext Questions and Exercise)
  5. NCERT class 12 maths chapter 13 Solutions Probability - Topics
  6. NCERT solutions for class 12 maths - Chapter Wise
  7. Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 Probability
  8. NCERT solutions for class 12 subject wise
  9. NCERT Solutions class wise
  10. NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus
  11. NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions
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NCERT Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 solutions include concepts of discrete probability, computational probability and stochastic process. The important topics like conditional probability, Bayes' theorem, multiplication rule of probability, and independence of events are covered in this chapter of NCERT Class 12 maths probability books. Questions from all these topics are covered in NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 13 probability.

Also, you will learn some important concepts of the random variable, probability distribution, and the mean and variance of a probability distribution in this chapter 13 NCERT Class 12 maths solutions PDF. class 12 maths ncert solutions pdf will help you to learn the concept of probability distribution which will be required in higher study. NCERT solutions help students to understan the concepts in a much easy way. Here you will get NCERT solutions for class 12 other subjects also.

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NCERT Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 Question Answer Probability - Important Formulae

>> Conditional Probability: Conditional probability is the likelihood of an event occurring based on the occurrence of a preceding event. For two events A and B with the same sample space, the conditional probability of event A given that B has occurred (P(A|B)) is defined as:

P(A|B) = P(A ∩ B) / P(B) (when P(B) ≠ 0)

Other conditional probability relationships:

P(S|F) = P(F|F) = 1

P((A ∪ B)|F) = P(A|F) + P(B|F) – P((A ∩ B)|F)

P(E'|F) = 1 − P(E|F)

>> Multiplication Rule: The multiplication rule relates the probability of two events E and F in a sample space S:

P(E ∩ F) = P(E) P(F|E) = P(F) P(E|F) (when P(E) ≠ 0 and P(F) ≠ 0)

>> Independent Events: Two experiments are considered independent if the probability of the events E and F occurring simultaneously is the product of their individual probabilities:

P(E ∩ F) = P(E) * P(F)

>> Bayes’ Theorem: Bayes’ theorem deals with events E1, E2, …, En that form a partition of the sample space S. It allows the calculation of the probability of event Ei given event A:

P(Ei|A) = [P(Ei) * P(A|Ei)] / ∑[P(Ej) * P(A|Ej)], for i = 1, 2, …, n

>> Theorem of Total Probability: Given a partition E1, E2, …, En of the sample space and an event A, the theorem of total probability states:

P(A) = P(E1) * P(A|E1) + P(E2) * P(A|E2) + … + P(En) * P(A|En)

>> Random Variables and their Probability Distributions: A random variable is a real-valued function whose domain is a sample space. The probability distribution of a random variable X consists of possible values x1, x2, …, xn and their corresponding probabilities p1, p2, …, pn:

E(X) = μ = ∑(xi * pi)

Var(X) = σ² = ∑((xi - μ)² * pi)

σ = √Var(X)

Free download NCERT Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 Question Answer Probability for CBSE Exam.

NCERT Probability Class 12 Questions And Answers (Intext Questions and Exercise)

NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 13 probability-Exercise: 13.1


Question:1 Given that E and F are events such that P(E)=0.6,P(F)=0.3 and p(EF)=0.2, find P(EF) and P(FE)

Answer:

It is given that P(E)=0.6,P(F)=0.3 and p(EF)=0.2,

P(E|F)=p(EF)P(F)=0.20.3=23

P(F|E)=p(EF)P(E)=0.20.6=13

Question:2 Compute P(AB), if P(B)=0.5 and P(AB)=0.32

Answer:

It is given that P(B)=0.5 and P(AB)=0.32

P(A|B)=p(AB)P(B)=0.320.5=0.64

Question:3 If P(A)=0.8,P(B)=0.5 and P(BA)=0.4, find

(i) P(AB)

Answer:

It is given that P(A)=0.8, P(B)=0.5 and P(B|A)=0.4

P(B|A)=p(AB)P(A)

0.4=p(AB)0.8

p(AB)=0.4×0.8

p(AB)=0.32

Question:3 If P(A)=0.8,P(B)=0.5 and P(BA)=0.4, find

(ii) P(AB)

Answer:

It is given that P(A)=0.8,P(B)=0.5 and P(BA)=0.4,

P(AB)=0.32

P(A|B)=p(AB)P(B)

P(A|B)=0.320.5

P(A|B)=3250=0.64

Question:3 If P(A)=0.8,P(B)=0.5 and P(BA)=0.4, find

(iii) P(AB)

Answer:

It is given that P(A)=0.8,P(B)=0.5

P(AB)=0.32

P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)P(AB)

P(AB)=0.8+0.50.32

P(AB)=1.30.32

P(AB)=0.98

Question:4 Evaluate P(AB), if 2P(A)=P(B)=513 and P(AB)=25

Answer:

Given in the question 2P(A)=P(B)=513 and P(AB)=25

We know that:

P(A|B)=p(AB)P(B)

25=p(AB)513

2×55×13=p(AB)

p(AB)=213

Use, p(AB)=p(A)+p(B)p(AB)

p(AB)=526+513213

p(AB)=1126

Question:5 If P(A)=611,P(B)=511 and P(AB)=711. , find

(i) P(AB)

Answer:

Given in the question

P(A)=611,P(B)=511 and P(AB)=711.

By using formula:

p(AB)=p(A)+p(B)p(AB)

711=611+511p(AB)

p(AB)=1111711

p(AB)=411

Question:5 If P(A)=611,P(B)=511 and P(AB)=711, find

(ii) P(AB)

Answer:

It is given that - P(A)=611,P(B)=511

p(AB)=411

We know that:

P(A|B)=p(AB)P(B)

P(A|B)=411511

P(A|B)=45

Question:5 If P(A)=611,P(B)=511 and P(AB)=711, find

(iii) P(BA)

Answer:

Given in the question-

P(A)=611,P(B)=511 and p(AB)=411

Use formula

P(B|A)=p(AB)P(A)

P(B|A)=411611

P(B|A)=46=23

Question:6 A coin is tossed three times, where

(i)E : head on third toss ,F : heads on first two tosses

Answer:

The sample space S when a coin is tossed three times is

S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}

It can be seen that the sample space (S) has 8 elements.

Total number of outcomes =23=8

According to question

E: head on third toss, F: heads on first two tosses

E={HHH,TTH,HTH,THH}

F={HHH,HHT}

EF=HHH

P(F)=28=14

P(EF)=18

P(E|F)=P(EF)P(F)

P(E|F)=1814

P(E|F)=48=12

Question:6 A coin is tossed three times, where

(ii)E : at least two heads ,F : at most two heads

Answer:

The sample space S when a coin is tossed three times is

S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}

It can be seen that the sample space (S) has 8 elements.

Total number of outcomes =23=8

According to question

E : at least two heads , F : at most two heads

E={HHH,HTH,THH,HHT}=4

F={HTH,HHT,THH,TTT,HTT,TTH,THT}=7

EF={HTH,THH,HHT}=3

P(F)=78

P(EF)=38

P(E|F)=P(EF)P(F)

P(E|F)=3878

P(E|F)=37

Question:6 A coin is tossed three times, where

(iii)E : at most two tails ,F : at least one tail

Answer:

The sample space S when a coin is tossed three times is

S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}

It can be seen that the sample space (S) has 8 elements.

Total number of outcomes =23=8

According to question

E: at most two tails, F: at least one tail

E={HHH,TTH,HTH,THH,THT,HTT,HHT}=7

F={TTT,TTH,HTH,THH,THT,HTT,HHT}=7

EF={TTH,HTH,THH,THT,HTT,HHT}=6

P(F)=78

P(EF)=68=34

P(E|F)=P(EF)P(F)

P(E|F)=3478

P(E|F)=67

Question:7 Two coins are tossed once, where

(i) E : tail appears on one coin, F : one coin shows head

Answer:

E : tail appears on one coin, F : one coin shows head

Total outcomes =4

E={HT,TH}=2

F={HT,TH}=2

EF={HT,TH}=2

P(F)=24=12

P(EF)=24=12

P(E|F)=P(EF)P(F)

P(E|F)=1212

P(E|F)=1

Question:7 Two coins are tossed once, where

(ii)E : no tail appears,F : no head appears

Answer:

E : no tail appears, F : no head appears

Total outcomes =4

E=HHF=TT

EF=ϕ

n(EF)=0

P(F)=1

P(EF)=04=0

P(E|F)=P(EF)P(F)

P(E|F)=01=0

Question:8 A die is thrown three times,

E : 4 appears on the third toss, F : 6 and 5 appears respectively on first two tosses

Answer:

E : 4 appears on the third toss, F : 6 and 5 appears respectively on first two tosses

Total outcomes =63=216

E={114,124,134,144,154,164,214,224,234,244,254,264,314,324,334,344,354,364,414,424,434,454,464,514,524,534,544,554,564,614,624,634,644,654,664} n(E)=36

F={651,652,653,654,655,656}

n(F)=6

EF={654}

n(EF)=1

P(EF)=1216

P(F)=6216=136

P(E|F)=P(EF)P(F)

P(E|F)=1216136

P(E|F)=16

Question:9 Mother, father and son line up at random for a family picture

E : son on one end, F : father in middle

Answer:

E : son on one end, F : father in middle

Total outcomes =3!=3×2=6

Let S be son, M be mother and F be father.

Then we have,

E={SMF,SFM,FMS,MFS}

n(E)=4

F={SFM,MFS}

n(F)=2

EF={SFM,MFS}

n(EF)=2

P(F)=26=13

P(EF)=26=13

P(E|F)=P(EF)P(F)

P(E|F)=1313

P(E|F)=1

Question:10 A black and a red dice are rolled.

(a) Find the conditional probability of obtaining a sum greater than 9 , given that the black die resulted in a 5.

Answer:

A black and a red dice are rolled.

Total outcomes =62=36

Let the A be event obtaining a sum greater than 9 and B be a event that the black die resulted in a 5.

A={46,55,56,64,65,66}

n(A)=6

B={51,52,53,54,55,56}

n(B)=6

AB={55,56}

n(AB)=2

P(AB)=236

P(B)=636

P(A|B)=P(AB)P(B)

P(A|B)=236636=26=13

Question:10 A black and a red dice are rolled.

(b) Find the conditional probability of obtaining the sum 8 , given that the red die resulted in a number less than 4 .

Answer:

A black and a red dice are rolled.

Total outcomes =62=36

Let the A be event obtaining a sum 8 and B be a event thatthat the red die resulted in a number less than 4 .

A={26,35,53,44,62,}

n(A)=5

Red dice is rolled after black dice.

B={11,12,13,21,22,23,31,32,33,41,42,43,51,52,53,61,62,63}

n(B)=18

AB={53,62}

n(AB)=2

P(AB)=236

P(B)=1836

P(A|B)=P(AB)P(B)

P(A|B)=2361836=218=19

Question:11 A fair die is rolled. Consider events E={1,3,5},F{2,3} and G={2,3,4,5} Find

(i) P(EF) and P(FE)

Answer:

A fair die is rolled.

Total oucomes ={1,2,3,4,5,6}=6

E={1,3,5},F{2,3}

EF={3}

n(EF)=1

n(F)=2

n(E)=3

P(E)=36 P(F)=26 and P(EF)=16

P(E|F)=P(EF)P(F)

P(E|F)=1626

P(E|F)=12

P(F|E)=P(FE)P(E)

P(F|E)=1636

P(F|E)=13

Question:11 A fair die is rolled. Consider events E={1,3,5},F={2,3} and G={2,3,4,5} Find

(ii) P(EG) and P(GE)

Answer:

A fair die is rolled.

Total oucomes ={1,2,3,4,5,6}=6

E={1,3,5} , G={2,3,4,5}

EG={3,5}

n(EG)=2

n(G)=4

n(E)=3

P(E)=36 P(G)=46 P(EF)=26

P(E|G)=P(EG)P(G)

P(E|G)=2646

P(E|G)=24=12

P(G|E)=P(GE)P(E)

P(G|E)=2636

P(G|E)=23

Question:11 A fair die is rolled. Consider events E={1,3,5},F={2,3} and G={2,3,4,5} Find

(iii) P((EF)G) and P((EF)G)

Answer:

A fair die is rolled.

Total oucomes ={1,2,3,4,5,6}=6

E={1,3,5},F{2,3} and G={2,3,4,5}

EG={3,5} , FG={2,3}

(EG)G={3}

P[(EG)G]=16 P(EG)=26 P(FG)=26

P((EF)|G)=P(E|G)+P(F|G)P[(EF)|G]

=P(EG)P(G)+P(FG)P(G)P((EF)G)P(G)

=2646+26461646

=24+2414

=34

P((EF)|G)=P((EF)G)P(G)

P((EF)|G)=1646

P((EF)|G)=14

Question:12 Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family has two children, what is the conditional probability that both are girls given that

(i) the youngest is a girl,

Answer:

Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl.

Let first and second girl are denoted by G1andG2 respectively also first and second boy are denoted by B1andB2

If a family has two children, then total outcomes =22=4 ={(B1B2),(G1G2),(G1B2),(G2B1)}

Let A= both are girls ={(G1G2)}

and B= the youngest is a girl = ={(G1G2),(B1G2)}

AB={(G1G2)}

P(AB)=14 P(B)=24

P(A|B)=P(AB)P(B)

P(A|B)=1424

P(A|B)=12

Therefore, the required probability is 1/2

Question:12 Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family has two children, what is the conditional probability that both are girls given that

(ii) at least one is a girl?

Answer:

Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl.

Let first and second girl are denoted by G1andG2 respectively also first and second boy are denoted by B1andB2

If a family has two children, then total outcomes =22=4 ={(B1B2),(G1G2),(G1B2),(G2B1)}

Let A= both are girls ={(G1G2)}

and C= at least one is a girl = ={(G1G2),(B1G2),(G1B2)}

AB={(G1G2)}

P(AB)=14 P(C)=34

P(A|C)=P(AC)P(C)

P(A|C)=1434

P(A|C)=13

Question:13 An instructor has a question bank consisting of 300 easy True / False questions, 200 difficult True / False questions, 500 easy multiple choice questions and 400 difficult multiple choice questions. If a question is selected at random from the question bank, what is the probability that it will be an easy question given that it is a multiple choice question?

Answer:

An instructor has a question bank consisting of 300 easy True / False questions, 200 difficult True / False questions, 500 easy multiple choice questions and 400 difficult multiple choice questions.

Total number of questions =300+200+500+400=1400

Let A = question be easy.

n(A)=300+500=800

P(A)=8001400=814

Let B = multiple choice question

n(B)=500+400=900

P(B)=9001400=914

AB= easy multiple questions

n(AB)=500

P(AB)=5001400=514

P(A|B)=P(AB)P(B)

P(A|B)=514914

P(A|B)=59

Therefore, the required probability is 5/9

Question:14 Given that the two numbers appearing on throwing two dice are different. Find the probability of the event ‘the sum of numbers on the dice is 4’.

Answer:

Two dice are thrown.

Total outcomes =62=36

Let A be the event ‘the sum of numbers on the dice is 4.

A={(13),(22),(31)}

Let B be the event that two numbers appearing on throwing two dice are different.

B={(12),(13),(14),(15),(16),(21)(23),(24),(25),(26,)(31),(32),(34),(35),(36),(41),(42),(43),(45),(46),(51),(52),(53),(54),(56),(61),(62),(63),(64),(65)} n(B)=30

P(B)=3036

AB={(13),(31)}

n(AB)=2

P(AB)=236

P(A|B)=P(AB)P(B)

P(A|B)=2363036

P(A|B)=230=115

Therefore, the required probability is 1/15

Question:15 Consider the experiment of throwing a die, if a multiple of 3 comes up, throw the die again and if any other number comes, toss a coin. Find the conditional probability of the event ‘the coin shows a tail’, given that ‘at least one die shows a 3’.

Answer:

Consider the experiment of throwing a die, if a multiple of 3 comes up, throw the die again and if any other number comes, toss a coin.

Total outcomes ={(1H),(1T),(2H),(2T),(31),(32),(33),(34),(35),(36),(4H),(4T),(5H),(5T),(61),(62),(63),(64),(65),(66)}

Total number of outcomes =20

Let A be a event when coin shows a tail.

A={((1T),(2T),(4T),(5T)}

Let B be a event that ‘at least one die shows a 3’.

B={(31),(32),(33),(34),(35),(36),(63)}

n(B)=7

P(B)=720

AB=ϕ

n(AB)=0

P(AB)=020=0

P(A|B)=P(AB)P(B)

P(A|B)=0720

P(A|B)=0

Question:16 In the following Exercise 16 choose the correct answer:

If P(A)=12,P(B)=0, then P(AB) is

(A) 0

(B) 12

(C) notdefined

(D) 1

Answer:

It is given that

P(A)=12,P(B)=0,

P(A|B)=P(AB)P(B)

P(A|B)=P(AB)0

Hence, P(A\mid B) is not defined .

Thus, correct option is C.

Question:17 In the following Exercise 17 choose the correct answer:

If A and B are events such that P(AB)=P(BA), then

(A) AB but AB

(B) A=B

(C) AB=ψ

(D) P(A)=P(B)

Answer:

It is given that P(AB)=P(BA),

P(AB)P(B) =P(AB)P(A)

P(A)=P(B)

Hence, option D is correct.


NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 13 probability-Exercise: 13.2

Question:1 If P(A)=35 and P(B)=15, find P(AB) if A and B are independent events.

Answer:

P(A)=35 and P(B)=15,

Given : A and B are independent events.

So we have, P(AB)=P(A).P(B)

P(AB)=35×15

P(AB)=325

Question: 2 Two cards are drawn at random and without replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that both the cards are black.

Answer:

Two cards are drawn at random and without replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards.

There are 26 black cards in a pack of 52.

Let P(A) be the probability that first cards is black.

Then, we have

P(A)=2652=12

Let P(B) be the probability that second cards is black.

Then, we have

P(B)=2551

The probability that both the cards are black =P(A).P(B)

=12×2551

=25102

Question:3 A box of oranges is inspected by examining three randomly selected oranges drawn without replacement. If all the three oranges are good, the box is approved for sale, otherwise, it is rejected. Find the probability that a box containing 15 oranges out of which 12 are good and 3 are bad ones will be approved for sale.

Answer:

Total oranges = 15

Good oranges = 12

Bad oranges = 3

Let P(A) be the probability that first orange is good.

The, we have

P(A)=1215=45

Let P(B) be the probability that second orange is good.

P(B)=1114

Let P(C) be the probability that third orange is good.

P(C)=1013

The probability that a box will be approved for sale =P(A).P(B).P(C)

=45.1114.1013

=4491

Question:4 A fair coin and an unbiased die are tossed. Let A be the event ‘head appears on the coin’ and B be the event ‘3 on the die’. Check whether A and B are independent events or not.

Answer:

A fair coin and an unbiased die are tossed,then total outputs are:

={(H1),(H2),(H3),(H4),(H5),(H6),(T1),(T2),(T3),(T4),(T5),(T6)}

=12

A is the event ‘head appears on the coin’ .

Total outcomes of A are : ={(H1),(H2),(H3),(H4),(H5),(H6)}

P(A)=612=12

B is the event ‘3 on the die’.

Total outcomes of B are : ={(T3),(H3)}

P(B)=212=16

AB=(H3)

P(AB)=112

Also, P(AB)=P(A).P(B)

P(AB)=12×16=112

Hence, A and B are independent events.

Question:5 A die marked 1,2,3 in red and 4,5,6 in green is tossed. Let A be the event, ‘the number is even,’ and B be the event, ‘the number is red’. Are A and B independent?

Answer:

Total outcomes ={1,2,3,4,5,6}=6 .

A is the event, ‘the number is even,’

Outcomes of A ={2,4,6}

n(A)=3.

P(A)=36=12

B is the event, ‘the number is red’.

Outcomes of B ={1,2,3}

n(B)=3.

P(B)=36=12

(AB)={2}

n(AB)=1

P(AB)=16

Also,

P(AB)=P(A).P(B)

P(AB)=12×12=1416

Thus, both the events A and B are not independent.

Question:6 Let E and F be events with P(E)=35,P(F)=310 and P(EF)=15. Are E and F independent?

Answer:

Given :

P(E)=35,P(F)=310 and P(EF)=15.

For events E and F to be independent , we need

P(EF)=P(E).P(F)

P(EF)=35×310=95015

Hence, E and F are not indepent events.

Question:7 Given that the events A and B are such that P(A)=12,P(AB)=35 and P(B)=p. Find p if they are

(i) mutually exclusive

Answer:

Given,

P(A)=12,P(AB)=35

Also, A and B are mutually exclusive means AB=ϕ .

P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)P(AB)

35=12+P(B)0

P(B)=3512=110

Question:7 Given that the events A and B are such that P(A)=12,P(AB)=35 and P(B)=p. Find p if they are

(ii) independent

Answer:

Given,

P(A)=12,P(AB)=35

Also, A and B are independent events means

P(AB)=P(A).P(B) . Also P(B)=p.

P(AB)=P(A).P(B)=p2

P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)P(AB)

35=12+pp2

p2=3512=110

p=210=15

Question:8 Let A and B be independent events with P(A)=0.3 and P(B)=0.4 Find

(i) P(AB)

Answer:

P(A)=0.3 and P(B)=0.4

Given : A and B be independent events

So, we have

P(AB)=P(A).P(B)

P(AB)=0.3×0.4=0.12

Question:8 Let A and B be independent events with P(A)=0.3 and P(B)=0.4 Find

(ii) P(AB)

Answer:

P(A)=0.3 and P(B)=0.4

Given : A and B be independent events

So, we have

P(AB)=P(A).P(B)

P(AB)=0.3×0.4=0.12

We have, P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)P(AB)

P(AB)=0.3+0.40.12=0.58

Question:8 Let A and B be independent events with P(A)=0.3 and P(B)=0.4 Find

(iii) P(AB)

Answer:

P(A)=0.3 and P(B)=0.4

Given : A and B be independent events

So, we have P(AB)=0.12

P(A|B)=P(AB)P(B)

P(A|B)=0.120.4=0.3

Question:8 Let A and B be independent events with P(A)=0.3 and P(B)=0.4 Find

(iv) P(BA)

Answer:

P(A)=0.3 and P(B)=0.4

Given : A and B be independent events

So, we have P(AB)=0.12

P(B|A)=P(AB)P(A)

P(B|A)=0.120.3=0.4

Question:9 If A and B are two events such that P(A)=14,P(B)=12 and P(AB)=18, find P(notAandnotB).

Answer:

If A and B are two events such that P(A)=14,P(B)=12 and P(AB)=18,

P(notAandnotB)=P(AB)

P(notAandnotB)=P(AB) use, (P(AB)=P(AB))

=1(P(A)+P(B)P(AB))

=1(14+1218)

=1(6818)

=158

=38

Question:10 Events A and B are such that P(A)=12,P(B)=712 and P(notAornotB)=14. State whether A and B are independent ?

Answer:

If A and B are two events such that P(A)=12,P(B)=712 and P(notAornotB)=14.

P(AB)=14

P(AB)=14 (AB=(AB))

1P(AB)=14

P(AB)=114=34

AlsoP(AB)=P(A).P(B)

P(AB)=12×712=724

As we can see 34724

Hence, A and B are not independent.

Question:11 Given two independent events A and B such that P(A)=0.3,P(B)=0.6, Find

(i) P(AandB)

Answer:

P(A)=0.3,P(B)=0.6,

Given two independent events A and B .

P(AB)=P(A).P(B)

P(AB)=0.3×0.6=0.18

Also , we know P(AandB)=P(AB)=0.18

Question:11 Given two independent events A and B such that P(A)=0.3,P(B)=0.6, Find

(ii) P(AandnotB)

Answer:

P(A)=0.3,P(B)=0.6,

Given two independent events A and B .

P(AandnotB) =P(A)P(AB)

=0.30.18=0.12

Question:11 Given two independent events A and B such that P(A)=0.3,P(B)0.6, Find

(iii) P(AorB)

Answer:

P(A)=0.3,P(B)=0.6,

P(AB)=0.18

P(AorB)=P(AB)

P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)P(AB)

=0.3+0.60.18

=0.90.18

=0.72

Question:11 Given two independent events A and B such that P(A)=0.3,P(B)=0.6, Find

(iv) P(neitherAnorB)

Answer:

P(A)=0.3,P(B)=0.6,

P(AB)=0.18

P(AorB)=P(AB)

P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)P(AB)

=0.3+0.60.18

=0.90.18

=0.72

P(neitherAnorB) =P(AB)

=P((AB))

=1P(AB)

=10.72

=0.28

Question:12 A die is tossed thrice. Find the probability of getting an odd number at least once.

Answer:

A die is tossed thrice.

Outcomes ={1,2,3,4,5,6}

Odd numbers ={1,3,5}

The probability of getting an odd number at first throw

=36=12

The probability of getting an even number

=36=12

Probability of getting even number three times

=12×12×12=18

The probability of getting an odd number at least once = 1 - the probability of getting an odd number in none of throw

= 1 - probability of getting even number three times

=118

=78

Question:13 Two balls are drawn at random with replacement from a box containing 10 black and 8 red balls. Find the probability that

(i) both balls are red.

Answer:

Two balls are drawn at random with replacement from a box containing 10 black and 8 red balls.

Total balls =18

Black balls = 10

Red balls = 8

The probability of getting a red ball in first draw

=818=49

The ball is repleced after drawing first ball.

The probability of getting a red ball in second draw

=818=49

the probability that both balls are red

=49×49=1681

Question:13 Two balls are drawn at random with replacement from a box containing 10 black and 8 red balls. Find the probability that

(ii) first ball is black and second is red.

Answer:

Two balls are drawn at random with replacement from a box containing 10 black and 8 red balls.

Total balls =18

Black balls = 10

Red balls = 8

The probability of getting a black ball in the first draw

=1018=59

The ball is replaced after drawing the first ball.

The probability of getting a red ball in the second draw

=818=49

the probability that the first ball is black and the second is red

=59×49=2081

Question:13 Two balls are drawn at random with replacement from a box containing 10 black and 8 red balls. Find the probability that

(iii) one of them is black and other is red.

Answer:

Two balls are drawn at random with replacement from a box containing 10 black and 8 red balls.

Total balls =18

Black balls = 10

Red balls = 8

Let the first ball is black and the second ball is red.

The probability of getting a black ball in the first draw

=1018=59

The ball is replaced after drawing the first ball.

The probability of getting a red ball in the second draw

=818=49

the probability that the first ball is black and the second is red

=59×49=2081 ...........................1

Let the first ball is red and the second ball is black.

The probability of getting a red ball in the first draw

=818=49

The probability of getting a black ball in the second draw

=1018=59

the probability that the first ball is red and the second is black

=49×59=2081 ...........................2

Thus,

The probability that one of them is black and the other is red = the probability that the first ball is black and the second is red + the probability that the first ball is red and the second is black =2081+2081=4081

Question:14 Probability of solving specific problem independently by A and B are 12 and 13 respectively. If both try to solve the problem independently, find the probability that

(i) the problem is solved

Answer:

P(A)=12 and P(B)=13

Since, problem is solved independently by A and B,

P(AB)=P(A).P(B)

P(AB)=12×13

P(AB)=16

probability that the problem is solved =P(AB)

P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)P(AB)

P(AB)=12+1316

P(AB)=5616

P(AB)=46=23

Question:14 Probability of solving specific problem independently by A and B are 12 and 13 respectively. If both try to solve the problem independently, find the probability that

(ii) exactly one of them solves the problem

Answer:

P(A)=12 and P(B)=13

P(A)=1P(A) , P(B)=1P(B)

P(A)=112=12 , P(B)=113=23

probability that exactly one of them solves the problem =P(AB)+P(AB)

probability that exactly one of them solves the problem =P(A).P(B)+P(A)P(B)

=12×23+12×13

=26+16

=36=12

Question:15 One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. In which of the following cases are the events E and F independent ?

(i) E : ‘the card drawn is a spade’

F : ‘the card drawn is an ace’

Answer:

One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards

Total ace = 4

total spades =13

E : ‘the card drawn is a spade

F : ‘the card drawn is an ace’

P(E)=1352=14

P(F)=452=113

EF: a card which is spade and ace = 1

P(EF)=152

P(E).P(F)=14×113=152

P(EF)=P(E).P(F)=152

Hence, E and F are indepentdent events .

Question:15 One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. In which of the following cases are the events E and F independent ?

(ii) E : ‘the card drawn is

F : ‘the card drawn is a king’

Answer:

One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards

Total black card = 26

total king =4

E : ‘the card drawn is black’

F : ‘the card drawn is a king’

P(E)=2652=12

P(F)=452=113

EF: a card which is black and king = 2

P(EF)=252=126

P(E).P(F)=12×113=126

P(EF)=P(E).P(F)=126

Hence, E and F are indepentdent events .

Question:15 One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. In which of the following cases are the events E and F independent ?

(iii) E : ‘the card drawn is a king or queen’

F : ‘the card drawn is a queen or jack’.

Answer:

One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards

Total king or queen = 8

total queen or jack = 8

E : ‘the card drawn is a king or queen’

F : ‘the card drawn is a queen or jack’.

P(E)=852=213

P(F)=852=213

EF: a card which is queen = 4

P(EF)=452=113

P(E).P(F)=213×213=4169

P(EF)P(E).P(F)

Hence, E and F are not indepentdent events

Question:16 In a hostel, 60o/o of the students read Hindi newspaper, 40o/o read English newspaper and 20o/o read both Hindi and English newspapers. A student is selected at random.

(a) Find the probability that she reads neither Hindi nor English newspapers

Answer:

H : 60o/o of the students read Hindi newspaper,

E : 40o/o read English newspaper and

HE: 20o/o read both Hindi and English newspapers.

P(H)=60100=610=35

P(E)=40100=410=25

P(HE)=20100=210=15

the probability that she reads neither Hindi nor English newspapers =1P(HE)

=1(P(H)+P(E)P(HE))

=1(35+2515)

=145

=15

Question:16 In a hostel, 60o/o of the students read Hindi newspaper, 40o/o read English newspaper and 20o/o read both Hindi and English newspapers. A student is selected at random.

(b) If she reads Hindi newspaper, find the probability that she reads English newspaper.

Answer:

H : 60o/o of the students read Hindi newspaper,

E : 40o/o read English newspaper and

HE: 20o/o read both Hindi and English newspapers.

P(H)=60100=610=35

P(E)=40100=410=25

P(HE)=20100=210=15

The probability that she reads English newspape if she reads Hindi newspaper =P(E|H)

P(E|H)=P(EH)P(H)

P(E|H)=1535

P(E|H)=13

Question:16 In a hostel, 60o/o of the students read Hindi newspaper, 40o/o read English newspaper and 20o/o read both Hindi and English newspapers. A student is selected at random.

(c) If she reads English newspaper, find the probability that she reads Hindi newspaper.

Answer:

H : 60o/o of the students read Hindi newspaper,

E : 40o/o read English newspaper and

HE: 20o/o read both Hindi and English newspapers.

P(H)=60100=610=35

P(E)=40100=410=25

P(HE)=20100=210=15

the probability that she reads Hindi newspaper if she reads English newspaper =P(H|E)

P(H|E)=P(HE)P(E)

P(H|E)=1525

P(H|E)=12

Question:17 The probability of obtaining an even prime number on each die, when a pair of dice is rolled is

(A) 0

(B) 13

(C) 112

(D) 136

Answer:

when a pair of dice is rolled, total outcomes =62=36

Even prime number ={2}

n(evenprimenumber)=1

The probability of obtaining an even prime number on each die =P(E)

P(E)=136

Option D is correct.

Question:18 Two events A and B will be independent, if

(A) A and B are mutually exclusive

(B) P(AB)=[1P(A)][1P(B)]

(C) P(A)=P(B)

(D) P(A)+P(B)=1

Answer:

Two events A and B will be independent, if

P(AB)=P(A).P(B)

Or P(AB)=P(AB)=P(A).P(B)=(1P(A)).(1P(B))

Option B is correct.


NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 13 probability-Exercise: 13.3

Question:1 An urn contains 5 red and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random, its colour is noted and is returned to the urn. Moreover, 2 additional balls of the colour drawn are put in the urn and then a ball is drawn at random. What is the probability that the second ball is red?

Answer:

Black balls = 5

Red balls = 5

Total balls = 10

CASE 1 Let red ball be drawn in first attempt.

P(drawingredball)=510=12

Now two red balls are added in urn .

Now red balls = 7, black balls = 5

Total balls = 12

P(drawingredball)=712

CASE 2

Let black ball be drawn in first attempt.

P(drawingblackball)=510=12

Now two black balls are added in urn .

Now red balls = 5, black balls = 7

Total balls = 12

P(drawingredball)=512

the probability that the second ball is red =

=12×712+12×512

=724+524

=1224=12

Question:2 A bag contains 4 red and 4 black balls, another bag contains 2 red and 6 black balls. One of the two bags is selected at random and a ball is drawn frome bag which is found to be red. Find the probability that the ball is drawn from the first bag.

Answer:

BAG 1 : Red balls =4 Black balls=4 Total balls = 8

BAG 2 : Red balls = 2 Black balls = 6 Total balls = 8

B1 : selecting bag 1

B2 : selecting bag 2

P(B1)=P(B2)=12

Let R be a event of getting red ball

P(R|B1)=P(drawingredballfromfirstbag)=48=12

P(R|B2)=P(drawingredballfromsecondbag)=28=14

probability that the ball is drawn from the first bag,

given that it is red is P(B1|R) .

Using Baye's theorem, we have

P(B1|R)=P(B1).P(R|B1)P(B1).P(R|B1)+P(B2).P(R|B2)

P(B1|R)=12×1212×12+12×14

P(B1|R)=1414+18

P(B1|R)=1438

P(B1|R)=23

Question:3 Of the students in a college, it is known that 60o/o reside in hostel and 40o/o are day scholars (not residing in hostel). Previous year results report that 30o/o of all students who reside in hostel attain A grade and 20o/o of day scholars attain A grade in their annual examination. At the end of the year, one student is chosen at random from the college and he has an A grade, what is the probability that the student is a hostlier?

Answer:

H : reside in hostel

D : day scholars

A : students who attain grade A

P(H)=60100=610=35

P(D)=40100=410=25

P(A|H)=30100=310

P(A|D)=20100=210=15

By Bayes theorem :

P(H|A)=P(H).P(A|H)P(H).P(A|H)+P(D).P(A|D)

P(H|A)=35×31035×310+25×15

P(H|A)=950950+225

P(H|A)=9501350

P(H|A)=913

Question:5 A laboratory blood test is 99o/o effective in detecting a certain disease when it is in fact, present. However, the test also yields a false positive result for 0.5o/o of the healthy person tested (i.e. if a healthy person is tested, then, with probability 0.005, the test will imply he has the disease). If 0.1o/o of the population actually has the disease, what is the probability that a person has the disease given that his test result is positive ?

Answer:

A : Person selected is having the disease

B : Person selected is not having the disease.

C :Blood result is positive.

P(A)=0.1%=11000=0.001

P(B)=1P(A)=10.001=0.999

P(C|A)=99%=0.99

P(C|B)=0.5%=0.005

By Bayes theorem :

P(A|C)=P(A).P(C|A)P(A).P(C|A)+P(B).P(C|B)

=0.001×0.990.001×0.99+0.999×0.005

=0.000990.00099+0.004995

=0.000990.005985 =9905985

=22133

Question:6 There are three coins. One is a two headed coin (having head on both faces), another is a biased coin that comes up heads 75o/o of the time and third is an unbiased coin. One of the three coins is chosen at random and tossed, it shows heads, what is the probability that it was the two headed coin?

Answer:

Given : A : chossing a two headed coin

B : chossing a biased coin

C : chossing a unbiased coin

P(A)=P(B)=P(C)=13

D : event that coin tossed show head.

P(D|A)=1

Biased coin that comes up heads 75o/o of the time.

P(D|B)=75100=34

P(D|C)=12

P(B|D)=P(B).P(D|B)P(B).P(D|B)+P(A).P(D|A)+P(C).P(D|C)

P(B|D)=13×113×1+13×34+13×12

P(B|D)=1313+14+16

P(B|D)=13912

P(B|D)=1×123×9

P(B|D)=49

Question:7 An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck drivers. The probability of an accidents are 0.01,0.03 , and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons meets with an accident. What is the probability that he is a scooter driver?

Answer:

Let A : scooter drivers = 2000

B : car drivers = 4000

C : truck drivers = 6000

Total drivers = 12000

P(A)=200012000=16=0.16

P(B)=400012000=13=0.33

P(C)=600012000=12=0.5

D : the event that person meets with an accident.

P(D|A)=0.01

P(D|B)=0.03

P(D|C)=0.15

P(A|D)=P(A).P(D|A)P(B).P(D|B)+P(A).P(D|A)+P(C).P(D|C)

P(A|D)=0.16×0.010.16×0.01+0.33×0.03+0.5×0.15

P(A|D)=0.00160.0016+0.0099+0.075

P(A|D)=0.00160.0865

P(A|D)=0.019

Question:8 A factory has two machines A and B. Past record shows that machine A produced 60o/o of the items of output and machine B produced 40o/o of the items. Further, 2o/o of the items produced by machine A and 1o/o produced by machine B were defective. All the items are put into one stockpile and then one item is chosen at random from this and is found to be defective. What is the probability that it was produced by machine B ?

Answer:

A : Items produced by machine A =60%

B : Items produced by machine B =40%

P(A)=60100=35

P(B)=40100=25

X : Produced item found to be defective.

P(X|A)=2100=150

P(X|B)=1100

P(B|X)=P(B).P(X|B)P(B).P(X|B)+P(A).P(X|A)

P(B|X)=25×110025×1100+35×150

P(B|X)=12501250+3250

P(B|X)=12504250

P(B|X)=14

Hence, the probability that defective item was produced by machine B =

P(B|X)=14 .

Question:9 Two groups are competing for the position on the Board of directors of a corporation. The probabilities that the first and the second groups will win are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively. Further, if the first group wins, the probability of introducing a new product is 0.7 and the corresponding probability is 0.3 if the second group wins. Find the probability that the new product introduced was by the second group.

Answer:

A: the first groups will win

B: the second groups will win

P(A)=0.6

P(B)=0.4

X: Event of introducing a new product.

Probability of introducing a new product if the first group wins : P(X|A)=0.7

Probability of introducing a new product if the second group wins : P(X|B)=0.3

P(B|X)=P(B).P(X|B)P(B).P(X|B)+P(A).P(X|A)

p(B|X)=0.4×0.30.4×0.3+0.6×0.7

p(B|X)=0.120.12+0.42

p(B|X)=0.120.54

p(B|X)=1254

p(B|X)=29

Hence, the probability that the new product introduced was by the second group :

p(B|X)=29

Question:10 Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6 , she tosses a coin three times and notes the number of heads. If she gets 1,2,3 or 4 , she tosses a coin once and notes whether a head or tail is obtained. If she obtained exactly one head, what is the probability that she threw 1,2,3 or 4 with the die?

Answer:

Let, A: Outcome on die is 5 or 6.

B: Outcome on die is 1,2,3,4

P(A)=26=13

P(B)=46=23

X: Event of getting exactly one head.

Probability of getting exactly one head when she tosses a coin three times : P(X|A)=38

Probability of getting exactly one head when she tosses a coin one time : P(X|B)=12

P(B|X)=P(B).P(X|B)P(B).P(X|B)+P(A).P(X|A)

P(B|X)=23×1223×12+13×38

P(B|X)=1313+18

P(B|X)=131124

P(B|X)=1×243×11=811

Hence, the probability that she threw 1,2,3 or 4 with the die =

P(B|X)=811

Question:11 A manufacturer has three machine operators A,B and C. The first operator A produces 1o/o defective items, where as the other two operators B and C produce 5o/o and 7o/o defective items respectively. A is on the job for 50o/o of the time, B is on the job for 30o/o of the time and C is on the job for 20o/o of the time. A defective item is produced, what is the probability that it was produced by A ?

Answer:

Let A: time consumed by machine A =50%

B: time consumed by machine B =30%

C: time consumed by machine C =20%

Total drivers = 12000

P(A)=50100=12

P(B)=30100=310

P(C)=20100=15

D: Event of producing defective items

P(D|A)=1100

P(D|B)=5100

P(D|C)=7100

P(A|D)=P(A).P(D|A)P(B).P(D|B)+P(A).P(D|A)+P(C).P(D|C)

P(A|D)=12×110012×1100+310×5100+15×7100

P(A|D)=12×11001100(12+32+75)

P(A|D)=12(175)

P(A|D)=534

Hence, the probability that defective item was produced by A =

P(A|D)=534

Question:12 A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, two cards are drawn and are found to be both diamonds. Find the probability of the lost card being a diamond.

Answer:

Let A : Event of choosing a diamond card.

B : Event of not choosing a diamond card.

P(A)=1352=14

P(B)=3952=34

X : The lost card.

If lost card is diamond then 12 diamond cards are left out of 51 cards.

Two diamond cards are drawn out of 12 diamond cards in 12C2 ways.

Similarly, two cards are drawn out of 51 cards in 51C2 ways.

Probablity of getting two diamond cards when one diamond is lost : P(X|A)=12C251C2

P(X|A)=12!10!×2!×49!×2!51!

P(X|A)=11×1250×51

P(X|A)=22425

If lost card is not diamond then 13 diamond cards are left out of 51 cards.

Two diamond cards are drawn out of 13 diamond cards in 13C2 ways.

Similarly, two cards are drawn out of 51 cards in 51C2 ways.

Probablity of getting two diamond cards when one diamond is not lost : P(X|B)=13C251C2

P(X|B)=13!11!×2!×49!×2!51!

P(X|B)=13×1250×51

P(X|B)=26425

The probability of the lost card being a diamond : P(B|X)

P(B|X)=P(B).P(X|B)P(B).P(X|B)+P(A).P(X|A)

P(B|X)=14×2242514×22425+34×26425

P(B|X)=11225

P(B|X)=1150

Hence, the probability of the lost card being a diamond :

P(B|X)=1150

Question:13 Probability that A speaks truth is 45 . A coin is tossed. A reports that a head appears. The probability that actually there was head is

(A) 45

(B) 12

C) 15

(D) 25

Answer:

Let A : A speaks truth

B : A speaks false

P(A)=45

P(B)=145=15

X : Event that head appears.

A coin is tossed , outcomes are head or tail.

Probability of getting head whether A speaks thruth or not is 12

P(X|A)=P(X|B)=12

P(A|X)=P(A).P(X|A)P(B).P(X|B)+P(A).P(X|A)

P(A|X)=45×1245×12+15×12

P(A|X)=4545+15

P(A|X)=4511

P(A|X)=45

The probability that actually there was head is P(A|X)=45

Hence, option A is correct.

Question:14 If A and B are two events such that AB and P(B)0, then which of the following is correct?

(A) P(AB)=P(B)P(A)

(B) P(AB)<P(A)

(C) P(AB)P(A)

(D) None of these

Answer:

If AB and P(B)0, then

(AB)=A

Also, P(A)<P(B)

P(A|B)=P(AB)P(B)=P(A)P(B)

We know that P(B)1

11P(B)

P(A)P(A)P(B)

P(A)P(A|B)

Hence, we can see option C is correct.


NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 13 probability-Exercise: 13.4

Question:1(i) State which the following are not the probability distributions of a random variable. Give reasons for your answer.

1648016633997

Answer:

As we know the sum of probabilities of a probability distribution is 1.

1648016679414

Sum of probabilities =0.4+0.4+0.2=1

The given table is the probability distributions of a random variable.

Question:1(ii) State which of the following are not the probability distributions of a random variable. Give reasons for your answer.

1648016742824

Answer:

As we know probabilities cannot be negative for a probability distribution .

1648016794941

P(3)=0.1

The given table is not a the probability distributions of a random variable.

Question:1(iii) State which of the following are not the probability distributions of a random variable. Give reasons for your answer.

1648016848345

Answer:

As we know sum of probabilities of a probability distribution is 1.

1648016877733

Sum of probablities =0.6+0.1+0.2=0.91

The given table is not a the probability distributions of a random variable because sum of probabilities is not 1.

Question:1(iv) State which of the following are not the probability distributions of a random variable. Give reasons for your answer.

1648016924524

Answer:

As we know sum of probabilities of a probability distribution is 1.

1648016951015

Sum of probablities =0.3+0.2+0.4+0.1+0.05=1.051

The given table is not a the probability distributions of a random variable because sum of probabilities is not 1.

Question:2 An urn contains 5 red and 2 black balls. Two balls are randomly drawn. Let X represent the number of black balls. What are the possible values of X? Is X a random variable ?

Answer:

B = black balls

R = red balls

The two balls can be selected as BR,BB,RB,RR.

X = number of black balls.

X(BB)=2

X(RB)=1

X(BR)=1

X(RR)=0

Hence, possible values of X can be 0, 1 and 2.

Yes, X is a random variable.

Question:3 Let X represent the difference between the number of heads and the number of tails obtained when a coin is tossed 6 times. What are possibl valuess of X ?

Answer:

The difference between the number of heads and the number of tails obtained when a coin is tossed 6 times are :

X(6H,0T)=|60|=6

X(5H,1T)=|51|=4

X(4H,2T)=|42|=2

X(3H,3T)=|33|=0

X(2H,4T)=|24|=2

X(1H,5T)=|15|=4

X(0H,6T)=|06|=6

Thus, possible values of X are 0, 2, 4 and 6.

Question:4(i) Find the probability distribution of

number of heads in two tosses of a coin.

Answer:

When coin is tossed twice then sample space ={HH,HT,TH,TT}

Let X be number of heads.

X(HH)=2

X(HT)=1

X(TH)=1

X(TT)=0

X can take values of 0,1,2.

P(HH)=P(HT)=P(TH)=P(TT)=14

P(X=0)=P(TT)=14

P(X=2)=P(HH)=14

P(X=1)=P(HT)+P(TH)=14+14=12

Table is as shown :

X

0

1

2

P(X)

14

12

14


Question:4(ii) Find the probability distribution of

number of tails in the simultaneous tosses of three coins.

Answer:

When 3 coins are simultaneous tossed then sample space ={HHH,HHT,TTH,TTT,HTH,THT,THH,HTT}

Let X be number of tails.

X can be 0,1,2,3

X can take values of 0,1,2.

P(X=0)=P(HHH)=18

P(X=1)=P(HHT)+P(HTH)+P(THH)=18+18+18=38

P(X=2)=P(THT)+P(HTT)+P(TTH)=18+18+18=38

P(X=3)=P(TTT)=18

Table is as shown :

X

0

1

2

3

P(X)

18

38

38

18


Question:4(iii) Find the probability distribution of

number of heads in four tosses of a coin.

Answer:

When coin is tossed 4 times then sample space ={HHHH,HHHT,TTTH,HTHH,THHT,TTHH,HHTT,TTTT,HTTH,THTH,HTHT,HTTT,THHH,THTT,HHTH,TTHT}

Let X be number of heads.

X can be 0,1,2,3,4

P(X=0)=P(TTTT)=116

P(X=1)=P(HTTT)+P(TTTH)+P(THTT)=(TTHT)=116+116+116+116=416=14

P(X=2)=P(THHT)+P(HHTT)+P(HTTH)+P(TTHH)+P(HTHT)+P(THTH)=116+116+116+116+116+116=616=38

P(X=3)=P(HHHT)+P(THHH)+P(HHTH)+P(HTHH)=116+116+116+116=416=14

P(X=4)=P(HHHH)=116

Table is as shown :

X

0

1

2

3

4

P(X)

116

14

38

14

116


Question:5(i) Find the probability distribution of the number of successes in two tosses of a die, where a success is defined as

number greater than 4

Answer:

When a die is tossed twice , total outcomes = 36

Number less than or equal to 4 in both toss : P(X=0)=46×46=49

Number less than or equal to 4 in first toss and number more than or equal to 4 in second toss + Number less than or equal to 4 in second toss and number more than or equal to 4 in first toss: P(X=1)=46×26+26×46=49

Number less than 4 in both tosses : P(X=2)=26×26=19

Probability distribution is as :

X

0

1

2

P(X)

49

49

19


Question:5(ii) Find the probability distribution of the number of successes in two tosses of a die, where a success is defined as

six appears on at least one die .

Answer:

When a die is tossed twice , total outcomes = 36

Six does not appear on any of the die : P(X=0)=56×56=2536

Six appear on atleast one die : P(X=1)=16×56+16×56=518

Probability distribution is as :

X

0

1

P(X)

2536

518


Question:6 From a lot of 30 bulbs which include 6 defectives, a sample of 4 bulbs is drawn at random with replacement. Find the probability distribution of the number of defective bulbs.

Answer:

Total bulbs = 30

defective bulbs = 6

Non defective bulbs =306=24

P(defectivebulbs)=630=15

P(Nondefectivebulbs)=2430=45

4 bulbs is drawn at random with replacement.

Let X : number of defective bulbs

4 Non defective bulbs and 0 defective bulbs : P(X=0)=4C045.45.45.45=256625

3 Non defective bulbs and 1 defective bulbs : P(X=1)=4C115.45.45.45=256625

2 Non defective bulbs and 2 defective bulbs : P(X=2)=4C215.15.45.45=96625

1 Non defective bulbs and 3 defective bulbs : P(X=3)=4C315.15.15.45=16625

0 Non defective bulbs and 4 defective bulbs : P(X=4)=4C415.15.15.15=1625

the probability distribution of the number of defective bulbs is as :

X

0

1

2

3

4

P(X)

256625

256625

96625

16625

1625


Question:7 A coin is biased so that the head is 3 times as likely to occur as tail. If the coin is tossed twice, find the probability distribution of number of tails.

Answer:

the coin is tossed twice, total outcomes =4 ={HH,TT,HT,TH}

probability of getting a tail be x.

i.e. P(T)=x

Then P(H)=3x

P(T)+P(H)=x+3x=1

4x=1

x=14

P(T)=14 and P(H)=34

Let X : number of tails

No tail : P(X=0)=P(H).P(H)=34×34=916

1 tail : P(X=1)=P(HT)+P(TH)=34×14+14×34=38

2 tail : P(X=2)=P(TT)=14×14=116

the probability distribution of number of tails are

X

0

1

2

P(X)

916

38

116


Question:8(i) A random variable X has the following probability distribution:

1648017017487

k

Answer:

1648017033239

Sum of probabilities of probability distribution of random variable is 1.

0+k+2k+2k+3k+k2+2k2+7k2+k=1

10k2+9k1=0

(10k1)(k+1)=0

k=110andk=1

Question:8(ii) A random variable X has the following probability distribution:

1648017090278

P(X<3)

Answer:

P(X<3)=P(X=0)+P(X=1)+P(X=2)

=0+K+2K

=3K

=3×110

=310

Question:8(iii) A random variable X has the following probability distribution:

1648017138534

P(X>6)

Answer:

P(X>6)=P(X=7)

=7K2+K

=7×(110)2+110

=7100+110

=17100

Question:8(iv) A random variable X has the following probability distribution:

P(0<X<3)

Answer:

1648017209970P(0<X<3)=P(X=1)+P(X=2)

=k+2k

=3k

=3×110

=310

Question:9(a) The random variable X has a probability distribution P(X) of the following form, where k is some number :

P(X)={k,ifix=02k,ifx=13k,ifx=20,otherwise

Determine the value of k.

Answer:

Sum of probabilities of probability distribution of random variable is 1.


k+2k+3k+0=1

6k=1

k=16

Question:9(b) The random variable X has a probability distribution P(X) of the following form, where k is some number :

P(X)={k,ifx=02k,ifx=13k,ifx=20,otherwise

Find P(X<2),P(X2),P(X2).

Answer:

P(X<2)=P(X=0)+P(X=1)

=k+2k

=3k

=3×16

=12

P(X2)=P(X=0)+P(X=1)+p(X=2)

=k+2k+3k

=6k

=6×16

=1

P(X2)=P(X=2)+P(X>2)

=3k+0

=3×16=12

Question:10 Find the mean number of heads in three tosses of a fair coin.

Answer:

Let X be the success of getting head.

When 3 coins are tossed then sample space ={HHH,HHT,TTH,TTT,HTH,THT,THH,HTT}

X can be 0,1,2,3

P(X=0)=P(TTT)=18

P(X=1)=P(HTT)+P(TTH)+P(HTH)=18+18+18=38

P(X=2)=P(HHT)+P(HTH)+P(THH)=18+18+18=38

P(X=3)=P(HHH)=18

The probability distribution is as

X

0

1

2

3

P(X)

18

38

38

18

mean number of heads :

=0×18+1×38+2×38+3×18

=38+68+38

=128

=32=1.5

Question:11 Two dice are thrown simultaneously. If X denotes the number of sixes, find the expectation of X .

Answer:

X denotes the number of sixes, when two dice are thrown simultaneously.

X can be 0,1,2.

Not getting six on dice P(X)=2536

Getting six on one time when thrown twice : P(X=1)=2×56×16=1036

Getting six on both dice : P(X=2)=136=136

X

0

1

2

P(X)

2536

1036

136

Expectation of X = E(X)

E(X)=0×2536+1×1036+2×136

E(X)=1236

E(X)=13

Question:12 Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from the first six positive integers. Let X denote the larger of the two numbers obtained. Find E(X).

Answer:

Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from the first six positive integers in 6×5=30 ways.

X denote the larger of the two numbers obtained.

X can be 2,3,4,5,6.

X=2, obsevations : (1,2),(2,1)

P(X=2)=230=115

X=3, obsevations : (1,3),(3,1),(2,3),(3,2)

P(X=3)=430=215

X=4, obsevations : (1,4),(4,1),(2,4),(4,2),(3,4),(4,3)

P(X=4)=630=315

X=5, obsevations : (1,5),(5,1),(2,5),(5,2),(3,5),(5,3),(4,5),(5,4)

P(X=5)=830=415

X=6, obsevations : (1,6),(6,1),(2,6),(6,2),(3,6),(6,3),(4,6),(6,4),(5,6),(6,5)

P(X=6)=1030=13

Probability distribution is as follows:

X

2

3

4

5

6

P(X)

115

215

315

415

13


E(X)=2×115+3×215+4×315+5×415+6×13

E(X)=215+25+45+43+21

E(X)=7015

E(X)=143

Question:13 Let X denote the sum of the numbers obtained when two fair dice are rolled. Find the variance and standard deviation of X .

Answer:

X denote the sum of the numbers obtained when two fair dice are rolled.

Total observations = 36

X can be 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12

P(X=2)=P(1,1)=136

P(X=3)=P(1,2)+P(2,1)=236=118

P(X=4)=P(1,3)+P(3,1)+P(2,2)=336=112

P(X=5)=P(1,4)+P(4,1)+P(2,3)+P(3,2)=436=19

P(X=6)=P(1,5)+P(5,1)+P(2,4)+P(4,2)+P(3,3)=536

P(X=7)=P(1,6)+P(6,1)+P(2,5)+P(5,2)+P(3,4)+P(4,3)=636=16

P(X=8)=P(2,6)+P(6,2)+P(3,5)+P(5,3)+P(4,4)=536 P(X=9)=P(3,6)+P(6,3)+P(4,5)+P(5,4)=436=19

P(X=10)=P(4,6)+P(6,4)+P(5,5)=336=112

P(X=11)=P(5,6)+P(6,5)=236=118

P(X=12)=P(6,6)=136

Probability distribution is as follows :

X

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

P(X)

136

118

112

19

536

16

536

19

112

118

136

E(X)=2×136+3×118+4×112+5×19+6×536+7×16+8×536+9×19+10×112+11×118+12×136

E(X)=118+16+13+59+56+76+109+1+56+1118+13

E(X)=7

E(X2)=4×136+9×118+16×112+25×19+36×536+49×16+64×536+81×19+100×112+121×118+144×136

E(X2)=98718=3296=54.833

Variance=E(X2)(E(X))2

=54.83372

=54.83349

=5.833

Standard deviation = =5.833=2.415

Question:14 A class has 15 students whose ages are 14,17,15,14,21,17,19,20,16,18,20,17,16,19 and 20 years. One student is selected in such a manner that each has the same chance of being chosen and the age X of the selected student is recorded. What is the probability distribution of the random variable X? Find mean, variance and standard deviation of X .

Answer:

Total students = 15

probability of selecting a student :

=115

The information given can be represented as frequency table :

X

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

f

2

1

2

3

1

2

3

1

P(X=14)=215 P(X=15)=115 P(X=16)=215

P(X=17)=315=15 P(X=18)=115 P(X=19)=215

P(X=20)=315=15 P(X=21)=115

Probability distribution is as :

X

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

P(X)

215

115

215

15

115

215

15

115

E(X)=14×215+15×115+16×215+17×15+18×115+19×215+20×15+21×115

E(X)=26315=17.53

E(X2)=142×215+152×115+162×215+172×15+182×115+192×215+202×15+212×115

E(X2)=468315=312.2

Variance=E(X2)(E(X))2

Variance=312.2(17.53)2

Variance=312.2307.42

Variance=4.78

Standarddeviation=4.78=2.19

Question:15 In a meeting, 70o/o of the members favour and 30o/o oppose a certain proposal. A member is selected at random and we take X=0 . if he opposed, and X=1 if he is in favour. Find E(X) and Var (X) .

Answer:

Given :

P(X=0)=30%=30100=0.3

P(X=1)=70%=70100=0.7

Probability distribution is as :

X

0

1

P(X)

0.3

0.7

E(X)=0×0.3+1×0.7

E(X)=0.7

E(X2)=02×0.3+12×0.7

E(X2)=0.7

Variance=E(X2)(E(X))2

Variance=0.7(0.7)2

Variance=0.70.49=0.21

Question:16 The mean of the numbers obtained on throwing a die having written 1 on three faces, 2 on two faces and 5 on one face is, Choose the correct answer in the following:

(A) 1

(B) 2

(C) 5

(D) 83

Answer:

X is number representing on die.

Total observations = 6

P(X=1)=36=12

P(X=2)=26=13

P(X=5)=16

X

1

2

5

P(X)

12

13

16

E(X)=1×12+2×13+5×16

E(X)=12+23+56

E(X)=126=2

Option B is correct.

Question:17 Suppose that two cards are drawn at random from a deck of cards. Let X be the number of aces obtained. Then the value of E(X) is Choose the correct answer in the following:

(A) 37221

(B) 513

(C) 113

(D) 213

Answer:

X be number od aces obtained.

X can be 0,1,2

There 52 cards and 4 aces, 48 are non-ace cards.

Double exponent: use braces to clarify

Double exponent: use braces to clarify

Double exponent: use braces to clarify

The probability distribution is as :

X

0

1

2

P(X)

11281326

1921326

61326


E(X)=0×11281326+1×1921326+2×61326

E(X)=2041326

E(X)=213

Option D is correct.


NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 13 probability-Exercise: 13.5

Question:1(i) A die is thrown 6 times. If ‘getting an odd number’ is a success, what is the probability of

5 successes?

Answer:

X be the number of success of getting an odd number.

P(probabilityofgettingoddnumber)=36=12

q=1P=112=12

X has a binomial distribution.

\therefore \, \, \, \, P(X=x)=^nC_n_-_x.q^{n-x}.p^x

P(X=x)=^6C_6_-_x. (12)6x.(12)x

P(X=x)=^6C_6_-_x. (12)6

P(5success)=P(x=5)

=6C5.(12)6

=6.(164)

=332

Question:1(ii) A die is thrown 6 times. If ‘getting an odd number’ is a success, what is the probability of

at least 5 successes?

Answer:

X be a number of success of getting an odd number.

P(probabilityofgettingoddnumber)=36=12

q=1P=112=12

X has a binomial distribution.

\therefore \, \, \, \, P(X=x)=^nC_n_-_x.q^{n-x}.p^x

P(X=x)=^6C_6_-_x. (12)6x.(12)x

P(X=x)=^6C_6_-_x. (12)6

P(Atleast5success)=P(x5)

=P(X=5)+P(X=6)

=6C5.(12)6+6C6.(12)6

=6.(164) +(164)

=764

Question:1(iii) A die is thrown 6 times. If ‘getting an odd number’ is a success, what is the probability of

at most 5 successes?

Answer:

X be a number of success of getting an odd number.

P(probabilityofgettingoddnumber)=36=12

q=1P=112=12

X has a binomial distribution.

\therefore \, \, \, \, P(X=x)=^nC_n_-_x.q^{n-x}.p^x

P(X=x)=^6C_6_-_x. (12)6x.(12)x

P(X=x)=^6C_6_-_x.(12)6

P(atmost5success)=P(x5)

=1P(X>5)

=1P(X=5)

=16C6.(12)6

=1(164)

=6364

Question:2 A pair of dice is thrown 4 times. If getting a doublet is considered a success, find the probability of two successes

Answer:

A pair of dice is thrown 4 times.X be getting a doublet.

Probability of getting doublet in a throw of pair of dice :

P=636=16

q=1P=116=56

X has a binomial distribution,n=4

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=4Cx. (56)4x.(16)x

P(X=x)=4Cx. 54x64

Put x = 2

P(X=2)=4C2. 54264

P(X=2)=6×251296

P(X=2)=25216

Question:3 There are 5o/o defective items in a large bulk of items. What is the probability that a sample of 10 items will include not more than one defective item?

Answer:

There are 5o/o defective items in a large bulk of items.

X denotes the number of defective items in a sample of 10.

P=5100=12

q=1120=1920

X has a binomial distribution, n=10.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

Double exponent: use braces to clarify (1920)10x.(120)x

P(notmorethanonedefectiveitem)=p(X1)

=P(X=0)+P(X=1)

=10C0(1920)10.(120)0+10C1(1920)9.(120)1

=(1920)9.(2920)1

Question:4(i) Five cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that

all the five cards are spades?

Answer:

Let X represent a number of spade cards among five drawn cards. Five cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards.

We have 13 spades.

P=1352=14

q=1P=114=34

X has a binomial distribution,n=5.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=5Cx. (34)5x.(14)x

Put X=5 ,

P(X=5)=5C5. (34)0.(14)5

=1×11024

=11024

Question:4(ii) Five cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that

only 3 cards are spades?

Answer:

Let X represent a number of spade cards among five drawn cards. Five cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards.

We have 13 spades.

P=1352=14

q=1P=114=34

X has a binomial distribution,n=5.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=5Cx. (34)5x.(14)x

Put X=3 ,

P(X=3)=5C3. (34)2.(14)3

=10×916×164

=45512

Question:4(iii) Five cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that

none is a spade?

Answer:

Let X represent number of spade cards among five drawn cards. Five cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards.

We have 13 spades .

P=1352=14

q=1P=114=34

X has a binomial distribution,n=5.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=5Cx. (34)5x.(14)x

Put X=0 ,

P(X=0)=5C0. (34)5.(14)0

=1×2431024

=2431024

Question:5(i) The probability that a bulb produced by a factory will fuse after 150 days of use is 0.05. . Find the probability that out of 5 such bulbs

none will fuse after 150 days of use.

Answer:

Let X represent number of bulb that will fuse after 150 days of use .Trials =5

P=0.005

q=10.005=10.005=0.95

X has a binomial distribution,n=5.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=5Cx. (0.95)5x.(0.05)x

Put X=0 ,

P(X=0)=5C0. (0.95)5.(0.05)0

=(0.95)5

Question:5(ii) The probability that a bulb produced by a factory will fuse after 150 days of use is 0.05. Find the probability that out of 5 such bulbs

not more than one will fuse after 150 days of use.

Answer:

Let X represent a number of the bulb that will fuse after 150 days of use. Trials =5

P=0.005

q=10.005=10.005=0.95

X has a binomial distribution,n=5.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=5Cx. (0.95)5x.(0.05)x

Put X1 ,

P(X1)=P(X=0)+P(X=1)

=5C0. (0.95)5.(0.05)0+5C1(0.95)4.(0.05)1

=(0.95)5+(0.25)(0.95)4

=(0.95)4(0.95+0.25)

=(0.95)4×1.2

Question:5(iii) The probability that a bulb produced by a factory will fuse after 150 days of use is 0.05. Find the probability that out of 5 such bulbs

more than one will fuse after 150 days of use.

Answer:

Let X represent number of bulb that will fuse after 150 days of use .Trials =5

P=0.005

q=10.005=10.005=0.95

X has a binomial distribution,n=5.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=5Cx. (0.95)5x.(0.05)x

Put X>1 ,

P(X>1)=1(P(X=0)+P(X=1))

=1(5C0. (0.95)5.(0.05)0+5C1(0.95)4.(0.05)1)

=1((0.95)5+(0.25)(0.95)4)

=1((0.95)4(0.95+0.25))

=1(0.95)4×1.2

Question:5(iv) The probability that a bulb produced by a factory will fuse after 150 days of use is 0.05 . Find the probability that out of 5 such bulbs

at least one will fuse after 150 days of use.

Answer:

Let X represent number of bulb that will fuse after 150 days of use .Trials =5

P=0.005

q=10.005=10.005=0.95

X has a binomial distribution,n=5.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=5Cx. (0.95)5x.(0.05)x

Put X1 ,

P(X1)=1P(X<1)

P(X1)=1P(X=0)

=15C0. (0.95)5.(0.05)0

=1(0.95)5

Question:6 A bag consists of 10 balls each marked with one of the digits 0 to 9. If four balls are drawn successively with replacement from the bag, what is the probability that none is marked with the digit 0 ?

Answer:

Let X denote a number of balls marked with digit 0 among 4 balls drawn.

Balls are drawn with replacement.

X has a binomial distribution,n=4.

P=110

q=1P=1110=910

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=4Cx. (910)4x.(110)x

Put X = 0,

P(X=0)=4C0. (910)4.(110)0

=1.(910)4

=(910)4

Question:7 In an examination, 20 questions of true-false type are asked. Suppose a student tosses a fair coin to determine his answer to each question. If the coin falls heads, he answers 'true'; if it falls tails, he answers 'false'. Find the probability that he answers at least 12 questions correctly.

Answer:

Let X represent the number of correctly answered questions out of 20 questions.

The coin falls heads, he answers 'true'; if it falls tails, he answers 'false'.

P=12

q=1P=112=12

X has a binomial distribution,n=20

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

Double exponent: use braces to clarify (12)20x.(12)x

Double exponent: use braces to clarify (12)20

P(atleast12questionsansweredcorrectly)=P(X12)

=P(X=12)+P(X=13)..................+P(X=20)

Double subscripts: use braces to clarify

Double subscripts: use braces to clarify

Question:8 Suppose X has a binomial distribution B[6,12]. Show that X=3 is the most likely outcome.

(Hint : P(X=3) is the maximum among all of P(xi) , xi=0,1,2,3,4,5,6 )

Answer:

X is a random variable whose binomial distribution is B[6,12].

Here , n=6 and P=12 .

q=1P=112=12

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

=6Cx.(12)6x(12)x

=6Cx(12)6

P(X=x) is maximum if 6Cx is maximum.

6C0=6C6=6!0!.6!=1

6C1=6C5=6!1!.5!=6

6C2=6C4=6!2!.4!=15

6C3=6!3!.3!=20

6C3 is maximum so for x=3 , P(X=3) is maximum.

Question:9 On a multiple choice examination with three possible answers for each of the five questions, what is the probability that a candidate would get four or more correct answers just by guessing ?

Answer:

Let X represent number of correct answers by guessing in set of 5 multiple choice questions.

Probability of getting a correct answer :

P=13

q=1P=113=23

X has a binomial distribution,n=5.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=5Cx. (23)5x.(13)x

P(guessingmorethan4correctanswer)=P(X1)

=P(X=4)+P(X=5)

=5C4. (23)1.(13)4+5C5(23)0.(13)5

=10243+1243

=11243

Question:10(a) A person buys a lottery ticket in 50 lotteries, in each of which his chance of winning a prize is 1100. What is the probability that he will win a prize

at least once

Answer:

Let X represent number of winning prizes in 50 lotteries .

P=1100

q=1P=11100=99100

X has a binomial distribution,n=50.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=50Cx. (1100)50x.(99100)x

P(winningatleastonce)=P(X1)

=1P(X<1)

=1P(X=0)

=150C0(99100)50

=11.(99100)50

=1(99100)50

Question:10(b) A person buys a lottery ticket in 50 lotteries, in each of which his chance of winning a prize is 1100 . What is the probability that he will win a prize

exactly once

Answer:

Let X represent number of winning prizes in 50 lotteries .

P=1100

q=1P=11100=99100

X has a binomial distribution,n=50.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=50Cx. (1100)50x.(99100)x

P(winningexactlyonce)=P(X=1)

=50C1(99100)49.1100

=50.(99100)491100

=12(99100)50

Question:10(c) A person buys a lottery ticket in 50 lotteries, in each of which his chance of winning a prize is 1100 . What is the probability that he will win a prize

at least twice?

Answer:

Let X represent number of winning prizes in 50 lotteries.

P=1100

q=1P=11100=99100

X has a binomial distribution,n=50.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=50Cx. (1100)50x.(99100)x

P(winningatleasttwice)=P(X2)

=1P(X<2)

=1P(X1)

=1(P(X=0)+P(X=1))

=1(99100)5012(99100)49

=1(99100)49(12+99100)

=1(99100)49149100

Question:11 Find the probability of getting 5 exactly twice in 7 throws of a die.

Answer:

Let X represent number of times getting 5 in 7 throws of a die.

Probability of getting 5 in single throw of die=P

P=16

q=1P=116=56

X has a binomial distribution,n=7

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=7Cx. (56)7x.(16)x

P(gettingexactlytwice)=P(X=2)

=7C2(56)5162

=21(56)5136

=(56)5712

Question:12 Find the probability of throwing at most 2 sixes in 6 throws of a single die.

Answer:

Let X represent number of times getting 2 six in 6 throws of a die.

Probability of getting 6 in single throw of die=P

P=16

q=1P=116=56

X has a binomial distribution,n=6

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=6Cx. (56)6x.(16)x

P(gettingatmosttwosix)=P(X2)

=P(X=0)+P(X=1)+P(X=2)

=6C0(56)6160+6C1(56)5161+6C2(56)4162

=1.(56)6+6.(56)516+15(56)4136

=(56)6+(56)5+(56)4512

=(56)4(562+56+512)

=(56)4(2536+56+512)

=(56)4(7036)

=(56)4(3518)

Question:13 It is known that 10o/o of certain articles manufactured are defective. What is the probability that in a random sample of 12 such articles, 9 are defective?

Answer:

Let X represent a number of times selecting defective items out of 12 articles.

Probability of getting a defective item =P

P=10%=10100=110

q=1P=1110=910

X has a binomial distribution,n=12

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

Double exponent: use braces to clarify (910)12x.(110)x

P(selectting9defectiveitems)=

=12C9(910)31109

=220(93103)1109

Double exponent: use braces to clarify

Question:14 In a box containing 100 bulbs, 10 are defective. The probability that out of a sample of 5 bulbs, none is defective is

(A) 101

(B) (15)5

(C) (910)5

(D) 910

Answer:

Let X represent a number of defective bulbs out of 5 bulbs.

Probability of getting a defective bulb =P

P=10100=110

q=1P=1110=910

X has a binomial distribution,n=5

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=5Cx. (910)5x.(110)x

P(nonofbulbisdefective)=P(X=0)

=5C0(910)51100

=1.9105

=(910)5

The correct answer is C.

Question:15 The probability that a student is not a swimmer is 15. Then the probability that out of five students, four are swimmers is

In the following, choose the correct answer:

(A) 5C4(45)415

(B) (45)415

(C) 5C115(45)4

(D) None of these

Answer:

Let X represent number students out of 5 who are swimmers.

Probability of student who are not swimmers =q

q=15

P=1q=115=45

X has a binomial distribution,n=5

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X=x)=5Cx. (15)5x.(45)x

P(4studentsareswimmers)=P(X=4)

=5C4(15)1.(45)4

Option A is correct.


NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 13 probability-Miscellaneous Exercise

Question:1(i) A and B are two events such that P(A)0. Find P(BA), if

A is a subset of B

Answer:

A and B are two events such that P(A)0.

AB

AB=A

P(AB)=P(BA)=P(A)

P(B|A)=P(BA)P(A)

P(B|A)=P(A)P(A)

P(B|A)=1

Question:1(ii) A and B are two events such that P(A)0. Find P(BA), if

AB=ϕ

Answer:

A and B are two events such that P(A)0.

P(AB)=P(BA)=0

P(B|A)=P(BA)P(A)

P(B|A)=0P(A)

P(B|A)=0

Question:2(i) A couple has two children,

Find the probability that both children are males, if it is known that at least one of the children is male.

Answer:

A couple has two children,

sample space ={(b,b),(g,g),(b,g),(g,b)}

Let A be both children are males and B is at least one of the children is male.

(AB)={(b,b)}

P(AB)=14

P(A)=14

P(B)=34

P(A|B)=P(AB)P(B)

P(A|B)=1434=13

Question:2(ii) A couple has two children,

Find the probability that both children are females, if it is known that the elder child is a female.

Answer:

A couple has two children,

sample space ={(b,b),(g,g),(b,g),(g,b)}

Let A be both children are females and B be the elder child is a female.

(AB)={(g,g)}

P(AB)=14

P(A)=14

P(B)=24

P(A|B)=P(AB)P(B)

P(A|B)=1424=12

Question:3 Suppose that 5o/o of men and 0.25o/o of women have grey hair. A grey haired person is selected at random. What is the probability of this person being male? Assume that there are equal number of males and females.

Answer:

We have 5o/o of men and 0.25o/o of women have grey hair.

Percentage of people with grey hairs =(5+0.25)%=5.25%

The probability that the selected haired person is male :

=55.25=2021

Question:4 Suppose that 90o/o of people are right-handed. What is the probability that at most 6 of a random sample of 10 people are right-handed?

Answer:

90o/o of people are right-handed.

P(righthanded)=910

P(lefthanded)=q=1910=110

at most 6 of a random sample of 10 people are right-handed.

the probability that more than 6 of a random sample of 10 people are right-handed is given by,

\sum_{T}^{10} ^{10}C_r P^{r} q^{10-r}

=\sum_{T}^{10} ^{10}C_r 910r.(110)10r

the probability that at most 6 of a random sample of 10 people are right-handed is given by

=1-\sum_{T}^{10} ^{10}C_r . 910r.(110)10r

Question:5(i) An urn contains 25 balls of which 10 balls bear a mark X and the remaining 15 bear a mark Y A ball is drawn at random from the urn, its mark is noted down and it is replaced. If 6 balls are drawn in this way, find the probability that

all will bear X mark.

Answer:

Total balls in urn = 25

Balls bearing mark 'X' =10

Balls bearing mark 'Y' =15

P(ballbearingmarkX)=1025=25

P(ballbearingmarkY)=1525=35

6 balls are drawn with replacement.

Let Z be a random variable that represents a number of balls with Y mark on them in the trial.

Z has a binomial distribution with n=6.

P(Z=z)=nCZPnZqZ

P(Z=0)=6C0(25)6350

P(Z=0)=6C0(25)6

Question:5(ii) An urn contains 25 balls of which 10 balls bear a mark X and the remaining 15 bear a mark Y. A ball is drawn at random from the urn, its mark is noted down and it is replaced. If 6 balls are drawn in this way, find the probability that

not more than 2 will bear Y mark.

Answer:

Total balls in urn = 25

Balls bearing mark 'X' =10

Balls bearing mark 'Y' =15

P(ballbearingmarkX)=1025=25

P(ballbearingmarkY)=1525=35

6 balls are drawn with replacementt.

Let Z be random variable that represents number of balls with Y mark on them in trial.

Z has binomail distribution with n=6.

P(Z=z)=nCZPnZqZ

P(notmorethan2bearY)=P(Z2)

=P(Z=0)+P(Z=1)+P(Z=2)

=6C0(25)6(35)0+6C1(25)5(35)1+6C2(25)4(35)2

=(25)6+6(25)5(35)1+15(25)4(35)2

=(25)4[(25)2+6(25)(35)+15(35)2]

=(25)4[425+3625+13525]

=(25)4[17525]

=(25)4[7]

Question:6 In a hurdle race, a player has to cross 10 hurdles. The probability that he will clear each hurdle is 56 . What is the probability that he will knock down fewer than 2 hurdles?

Answer:

Let p and q respectively be probability that the player will clear and knock down the hurdle.

p=56

q=1p=156=16

Let X represent random variable that represent number of times the player will knock down the hurdle.

P(Z=z)=nCZPnZqZ

P(Z<2)=P(Z=0)+P(Z=1)

=10C0.(56)10.(16)0+10C1.(56)9.(16)1

=(56)10+10.(56)9.(16)

=(56)9(56+10×.16)

=(56)9×52

Double exponent: use braces to clarify

Question:7 A die is thrown again and again until three sixes are obtained. Find the probability of obtaining the third six in the sixth throw of the die.

Answer:

Probability of 6 in a throw of die =P

P=16

q=1P=116=56

Probability that 2 sixes come in first five throw of die :

=5C2(56)3(16)2

=10×5365

Probability that third six comes in sixth throw :

=10×5365×16

=10×12566

=125023328

Question:8 If a leap year is selected at random, what is the chance that it will contain 53 tuesdays?

Answer:

In a leap year, there are 366 days.

In 52 weeks, there are 52 Tuesdays.

The probability that a leap year will have 53 Tuesday is equal to the probability that the remaining 2 days are Tuesday.

The remaining 2 days can be :

1. Monday and Tuesday

2. Tuesday and Wednesday

3. Wednesday and Thursday

4. Thursday and Friday

5.friday and Saturday

6.saturday and Sunday

7.sunday and Monday

Total cases = 7.

Favorable cases = 2

Probability of having 53 Tuesday in a leap year = P.

P=27

Question:9 An experiment succeeds twice as often as it fails. Find the probability that in the next six trials, there will be atleast 4 successes.

Answer:

Probability of success is twice the probability of failure.

Let probability of failure be X

then Probability of success = 2X

Sum of probabilities is 1.

X+2X=1

3X=1

X=13

Let P=13 and q=23

Let X be random variable that represent the number of success in six trials.

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

P(X4)=P(X=4)+P(X=5)+P(X=6)

=6C4[23]4[13]2+6C5[23]5[13]1+6C6[23]6[13]0

=15×2436+6×2536+2636

=2636(15+12+4)

=2636(31)

=319[23]4

Question:10 How many times must a man toss a fair coin so that the probability of having at least one head is more than 90o/o ?

Answer:

Let the man toss coin n times.

Probability of getting head in first toss = P

P=12

q=12

P(X=x)=nCx.qnx.px

=nCx.(12)nx.(12)x

P(gettingatleastonehead)>90100

P(X1)>0.9

1P(X=0)>0.9

1nC012n>0.9

nC012n<0.1

12n<0.1

10.1<2n

10<2n

The minimum value to satisfy the equation is 4.

The man should toss a coin 4 or more times.

Question:11 In a game, a man wins a rupee for a six and loses a rupee for any other number when a fair die is thrown. The man decided to throw a die thrice but to quit as and when he gets a six. Find the expected value of the amount he wins / loses.

Answer:

In a throw of die,

probability of getting six = P

P=16

probability of not getting six = q

q=1P=116=56

There are three cases :

1. Gets six in the first throw, required probability is 16

The amount he will receive is Re. 1

2.. Does not gets six in the first throw and gets six in the second throw, then the probability

=56×16=536

The amount he will receive is - Re.1+ Re.1=0

3. Does not gets six in first 2 throws and gets six in the third throw, then the probability

=56×56×16=25216

Amount he will receive is -Re.1 - Re.1+ Re.1= -1

Expected value he can win :

=1×16+0×536+(1)×25216

=1625216

=11216

Question:12(i) Suppose we have four boxes A,B,C and D containing coloured marbles as given below:

1648018018261

One of the boxes has been selected at random and a single marble is drawn from it. If the marble is red, what is the probability that it was drawn from box A ?

Answer:

1648018246557 '

Let R be the event of drawing red marble.

Let EA,EB,EC respectively denote the event of selecting box A, B, C.

Total marbles = 40

Red marbles =15

P(R)=1540=38

Probability of drawing red marble from box A is P(EA|R)

P(EA|R)=P(EAR)P(R)

=14038

=115

Question:12(ii) Suppose we have four boxes A,B,C and D containing coloured marbles as given below:

1648018297681

One of the boxes has been selected at random and a single marble is drawn from it. If the marble is red, what is the probability that it was drawn from box B?

Answer:

1648018367685

Let R be event of drawing red marble.

Let EA,EB,EC respectivly denote event of selecting box A,B,C.

Total marbles = 40

Red marbles =15

P(R)=1540=38

Probability of drawing red marble from box B is P(EB|R)

P(EB|R)=P(EBR)P(R)

=64038

=25

Question:12(iii) Suppose we have four boxes A,B,C and D containing coloured marbles as given below:

1648018414746

One of the boxes has been selected at random and a single marble is drawn from it. If the marble is red, what is the probability that it was drawn from box C?

Answer:

1648018436346

Let R be event of drawing red marble.

Let EA,EB,EC respectivly denote event of selecting box A,B,C.

Total marbles = 40

Red marbles =15

P(R)=1540=38

Probability of drawing red marble from box C is P(EC|R)

P(EC|R)=P(ECR)P(R)

=84038

=815

Question:13 Assume that the chances of a patient having a heart attack is 40o/o. It is also assumed that a meditation and yoga course reduce the risk of heart attack by 30o/o and prescription of certain drug reduces its chances by 25o/o. At a time a patient can choose any one of the two options with equal probabilities. It is given that after going through one of the two options the patient selected at random suffers a heart attack. Find the probability that the patient followed a course of meditation and yoga?

Answer:

Let A,E1, E2 respectively denote the event that a person has a heart break, selected person followed the course of yoga and meditation , and the person adopted

the drug prescription.

P(A)=0.40

P(E1)=P(E2)=12

P(A|E1)=0.40×0.70=0.28

P(A|E2)=0.40×0.75=0.30

the probability that the patient followed a course of meditation and yoga is P(E1,A)

P(E1,A)=P(E1).P(E1|A)P(E1).P(E1|A)+P(E2).P(E2|A)

P(E1,A)=0.5×0.280.5×0.28+0.5×0.30

=1429

Question:14 If each element of a second order determinant is either zero or one, what is the probability that the value of the determinant is positive? (Assume that the individual entries of the determinant are chosen independently, each value being assumed with probability 12 ).

Answer:

Total number of determinant of second order with each element being 0 or 1 is 24=16

The values of determinant is positive in the following cases [1001],[1101],[1011]

Probability is

=316

Question:15(i) An electronic assembly consists of two subsystems, say, A and B. From previous testing procedures, the following probabilities are assumed to be known:

P(A fails) = 0.2

P(B fails alone) = 0.15

P(A and B fail) = 0.15

Evaluate the following probabilities

P(AfailsBhasfailed)

Answer:

Let event in which A fails and B fails be EA,EB

P(EA)=0.2

P(EAandEB)=0.15

P(Bfailsalone)=P(EB)P(EAandEB)

0.15=P(EB)0.15

P(EB)=0.3

P(EA|EB)=P(EAEB)P(EB)

=0.150.3=0.5

Question:15(ii) An electronic assembly consists of two subsystems, say, A and B. From previous testing procedures, the following probabilities are assumed to be known:

P(A fails) = 0.2

P(B fails alone) = 0.15

P(A and B fail) = 0.15

Evaluate the following probabilities

P(Afailsalone)

Answer:

Let event in which A fails and B fails be EA,EB

P(EA)=0.2

P(EAandEB)=0.15

P(Bfailsalone)=P(EB)P(EAandEB)

0.15=P(EB)0.15

P(EB)=0.3

P(Afailsalone)=P(EA)P(EAandEB)

=0.20.15=0.05

Question:16 Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls. One ball is transferred from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn from Bag II. The ball so drawn is found to be red in colour. Find the probability that the transferred ball is black.

Answer:

Let E1 and E2 respectively denote the event that red ball is transfered from bag 1 to bag 2 and a black ball is transfered from bag 1 to bag2.

P(E1)=37 and P(E2)=47

Let A be the event that ball drawn is red.

When a red ball is transfered from bag 1 to bag 2.

P(A|E1)=510=12

When a black ball is transfered from bag 1 to bag 2.

P(A|E2)=410=25

P(E2|A)=P(E2).P(A|E2)P(E2).P(A|E2)+P(E1).P(A|E1)

=47×2547×25+37×12

=1631

Question:17 If A and B are two events such that P(A0) and P(BA)=1, then

Choose the correct answer of the following:

(A) AB

(B) BA

(C) B=ϕ

(D) A=ϕ

Answer:

A and B are two events such that P(A0) and P(BA)=1,

P(B|A)=P(BA)P(A)

1=P(BA)P(A)

P(BA)=P(A)

AB

Option A is correct.

Question:18 If P(AB)>P(A) , then which of the following is correct :

(A) P(BA)<P(B)

(B) P(AB)<P(A).P(B)

(C) P(BA)>P(B)

(D) P(BA)=P(B)

Answer:

P(AB)>P(A)

P(AB)P(B)>P(A)

P(AB)>P(A).P(B)

P(AB)P(A)>P(B)

P(B|A)>P(B)

Option C is correct.

Question:19 If A and B are any two events such that P(A)+P(B)P(AandB)=P(A), then

(A) P(BA)=1

(B) P(AB)=1

(C) P(BA)=0

(D) P(AB)=0

Answer:

P(A)+P(B)P(AandB)=P(A),

P(A)+P(B)P(AB)=P(A)

P(B)P(AB)=0

P(B)=P(AB)

P(A|B)=P(AB)P(B)=P(B)P(B)=1

Option B is correct.

The conditional probability of an event E, given the occurrence of the event F is given by

P(E|F)=\frac{Number\:of\:elementary\:events\:favourable\:to \:E\cap F}{Number\:of\:elementary\:events\:which\:are\:favourable\:to \:F}

If you are looking for probability class 12 ncert solutions of exercise then they are listed below.

Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 NCERT solutions: Insight

  • Generally, two questions( 8 marks) are asked from this chapter in 12th board final examination. You can score these 8 marks very easily with the help of probability Class 12 ncert solutions chapter 13.

  • In the NCERT textbook there are 37 solved examples are given, so you can understand the concept easily. In this chapter 13 12 th class, there is a total of 81 questions in 5 exercises. You should try to solve every question given in chapter 13 class 12 maths on your own.

  • If you are not able to do, you can take the help of these NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 13 probability. These probability class 12 NCERT questions are solved and explained in a step-by-step manner, so it can be understood very easily.

  • This chapter 13 12 th class requires lots of practice to understand it better. So, you are advised to solve miscellaneous exercise of probability class 12 ncert solutions.

NCERT class 12 maths chapter 13 Solutions Probability - Topics

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Conditional Probability

13.2.1 Properties of conditional probability

13.3 Multiplication Theorem on Probability

13.4 Independent Events

13.5 Bayes' Theorem

13.5.1 Partition of a sample space

3.5.2 Theorem of total probability

13.6 Random Variables and its Probability Distributions

13.6.1 Probability distribution of a random variable

13.6.2 Mean of a random variable

13.6.3 Variance of a random variable

13.7 Bernoulli Trials and Binomial Distribution

13.7.1 Bernoulli trials

13.7.2 Binomial distribution

NCERT solutions for class 12 maths - Chapter Wise

Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 Probability

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Covers all the topics: The class 12 probability solutions cover all the topics in Chapter 13 Probability of Class 12 Maths. This helps students to have a comprehensive understanding of the chapter.

Exercise-wise solutions: The class 12 chapter 13 maths solutions are provided exercise-wise, which helps students to focus on specific problems and concepts that they find difficult.

Examples and illustrations: The ch 13 maths class 12 solutions include examples and illustrations to explain the concepts and solutions better. These examples help students to understand the applications of probability in real-life situations.

NCERT solutions for class 12 subject wise

NCERT Solutions class wise

NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus

Benefits of NCERT solutions

  • As this chapter has 10% weightage in 12th board final exam. NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 13 probability will help you to score good marks in the final exam.
  • NCERT solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 are very easy to understand as these are prepared and explained in a detailed manner.

  • At the end of every chapter, there is an additional exercise called Miscellaneous exercise which is very important for you if you wish to develop a grip on the concepts. In NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 13 probability, you will get solutions for miscellaneous exercise too.

  • These NCERT solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 13 PDF download are prepared with different approaches so it will give you new ways of solving the problems.

  • NCERT solutions for class 12 maths chapter 13 probability are prepared and explained by the experts who know how best to answer the questions in the board exam. So, it will help you to score good marks in the exam.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions

Happy Reading !!!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the important topics in chapter probability?

Basic probability, conditional probability, properties of conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, Bayes' theorem, random variables, and its probability distributions, Bernoulli trials, and Binomial distribution are important topics of this chapter.

2. Does CBSE provides the solutions of NCERT for class 12 maths Chapter 13?

No, CBSE doesn’t provide NCERT solutions for any class or subject. but there are so many coaching institutions which provide solutions freely. if you are interested then you can download these from careers360 official website.

3. Which are the most difficult chapters of NCERT Class 12 Maths syllabus?

Students consider integration and application of integration as the most difficult chapters in CBSE class 12 maths but with rigorous practice, you will get conceptual clarity and will be able to have a strong grip on them also.

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Questions related to CBSE Class 12th

Have a question related to CBSE Class 12th ?

Changing from the CBSE board to the Odisha CHSE in Class 12 is generally difficult and often not ideal due to differences in syllabi and examination structures. Most boards, including Odisha CHSE , do not recommend switching in the final year of schooling. It is crucial to consult both CBSE and Odisha CHSE authorities for specific policies, but making such a change earlier is advisable to prevent academic complications.

Hello there! Thanks for reaching out to us at Careers360.

Ah, you're looking for CBSE quarterly question papers for mathematics, right? Those can be super helpful for exam prep.

Unfortunately, CBSE doesn't officially release quarterly papers - they mainly put out sample papers and previous years' board exam papers. But don't worry, there are still some good options to help you practice!

Have you checked out the CBSE sample papers on their official website? Those are usually pretty close to the actual exam format. You could also look into previous years' board exam papers - they're great for getting a feel for the types of questions that might come up.

If you're after more practice material, some textbook publishers release their own mock papers which can be useful too.

Let me know if you need any other tips for your math prep. Good luck with your studies!

It's understandable to feel disheartened after facing a compartment exam, especially when you've invested significant effort. However, it's important to remember that setbacks are a part of life, and they can be opportunities for growth.

Possible steps:

  1. Re-evaluate Your Study Strategies:

    • Identify Weak Areas: Pinpoint the specific topics or concepts that caused difficulties.
    • Seek Clarification: Reach out to teachers, tutors, or online resources for additional explanations.
    • Practice Regularly: Consistent practice is key to mastering chemistry.
  2. Consider Professional Help:

    • Tutoring: A tutor can provide personalized guidance and support.
    • Counseling: If you're feeling overwhelmed or unsure about your path, counseling can help.
  3. Explore Alternative Options:

    • Retake the Exam: If you're confident in your ability to improve, consider retaking the chemistry compartment exam.
    • Change Course: If you're not interested in pursuing chemistry further, explore other academic options that align with your interests.
  4. Focus on NEET 2025 Preparation:

    • Stay Dedicated: Continue your NEET preparation with renewed determination.
    • Utilize Resources: Make use of study materials, online courses, and mock tests.
  5. Seek Support:

    • Talk to Friends and Family: Sharing your feelings can provide comfort and encouragement.
    • Join Study Groups: Collaborating with peers can create a supportive learning environment.

Remember: This is a temporary setback. With the right approach and perseverance, you can overcome this challenge and achieve your goals.

I hope this information helps you.







Hi,

Qualifications:
Age: As of the last registration date, you must be between the ages of 16 and 40.
Qualification: You must have graduated from an accredited board or at least passed the tenth grade. Higher qualifications are also accepted, such as a diploma, postgraduate degree, graduation, or 11th or 12th grade.
How to Apply:
Get the Medhavi app by visiting the Google Play Store.
Register: In the app, create an account.
Examine Notification: Examine the comprehensive notification on the scholarship examination.
Sign up to Take the Test: Finish the app's registration process.
Examine: The Medhavi app allows you to take the exam from the comfort of your home.
Get Results: In just two days, the results are made public.
Verification of Documents: Provide the required paperwork and bank account information for validation.
Get Scholarship: Following a successful verification process, the scholarship will be given. You need to have at least passed the 10th grade/matriculation scholarship amount will be transferred directly to your bank account.

Scholarship Details:

Type A: For candidates scoring 60% or above in the exam.

Type B: For candidates scoring between 50% and 60%.

Type C: For candidates scoring between 40% and 50%.

Cash Scholarship:

Scholarships can range from Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 18,000 per month, depending on the marks obtained and the type of scholarship exam (SAKSHAM, SWABHIMAN, SAMADHAN, etc.).

Since you already have a 12th grade qualification with 84%, you meet the qualification criteria and are eligible to apply for the Medhavi Scholarship exam. Make sure to prepare well for the exam to maximize your chances of receiving a higher scholarship.

Hope you find this useful!

hello mahima,

If you have uploaded screenshot of your 12th board result taken from CBSE official website,there won,t be a problem with that.If the screenshot that you have uploaded is clear and legible. It should display your name, roll number, marks obtained, and any other relevant details in a readable forma.ALSO, the screenshot clearly show it is from the official CBSE results portal.

hope this helps.

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A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

Option 2)

0.16\; J

Option 3)

1.00\; J

Option 4)

0.67\; J

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg

Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

Option 4)

12.89×10−3 kg

 

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1)

2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

Option 2)

200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

Option 3)

2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

Option 4)

20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

Option 2)

\; K\;

Option 3)

zero\;

Option 4)

K/4

In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

Option 2)

6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

Option 3)

33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

Option 4)

67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1)

0.02

Option 2)

3.125 × 10-2

Option 3)

1.25 × 10-2

Option 4)

2.5 × 10-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

Option 2)

increase two fold

Option 3)

remain unchanged

Option 4)

be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1)

Molality

Option 2)

Weight fraction of solute

Option 3)

Fraction of solute present in water

Option 4)

Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

Option 1)

twice that in 60 g carbon

Option 2)

6.023 × 1022

Option 3)

half that in 8 g He

Option 4)

558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

Option 2)

more than 3 but less than 6

Option 3)

more than 6 but less than 9

Option 4)

more than 9

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