NCERT Solutions for Exercise 3.1 Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices

NCERT Solutions for Exercise 3.1 Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 - Matrices

Edited By Ramraj Saini | Updated on Dec 03, 2023 02:58 PM IST | #CBSE Class 12th
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NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Exercise 3.1

NCERT Solutions for Exercise 3.1 Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Matrices are discussed here. These NCERT solutions are created by subject matter expert at Careers360 considering the latest syllabus and pattern of CBSE 2023-24. Matrix is an ordered rectangular array of numbers or functions called the elements or the entries of the matrix. It is a very important tool used in genetics, science, sociology, modern psychology, economics, and industrial management. In NCERT solutions for class 12 maths matrices exercise 3.1, you will get questions solved in a step-by-step manner. It covers the matrix, the order of the matrix, and different types of matrix. First, try to solve NCERT textbook problems on your own. If you are finding difficulties in solving them, you can take help from exercise 3.1 chapter 3 maths solutions. The important topics like Square matrix, Row matrix, Column matrix, Diagonal matrix, Scalar matrix, Zero matrix, Identity matrix, and Equality of matrices are also covered in the exercise 3.1 class 12 maths.

12th class Maths exercise 3.1 answers are designed as per the students demand covering comprehensive, step by step solutions of every problem. Practice these questions and answers to command the concepts, boost confidence and in depth understanding of concepts. Students can find all exercise together using the link provided below.

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Matrices Exercise 3.1

Question:1(i).In the matrix A = \begin{bmatrix} 2& 5 &19 &-7 \\ 35 & -2 & \frac{5}{2} &12 \\ \sqrt3& 1 &-5 &17 \end{bmatrix}, write:

The order of the matrix

Answer:

A = \begin{bmatrix} 2& 5 &19 &-7 \\ 35 & -2 & \frac{5}{2} &12 \\ \sqrt3& 1 &-5 &17 \end{bmatrix}

(i) The order of the matrix = number of row \times number of columns = 3\times 4.

Question 1(ii). In the matrix A = \begin{bmatrix}2&5&19&-7&\\ 35& -2&\frac{5}{2}&12\\\sqrt3&1&-5&17 \end{bmatrix}, write:

The number of elements

Answer:

A = \begin{bmatrix}2&5&19&-7&\\ 35& -2&\frac{5}{2}&12\\\sqrt3&1&-5&17 \end{bmatrix}

(ii) The number of elements 3\times 4=12.

Question 1(iii). In the matrix A = \begin{bmatrix}2&5&19&-7&\\35&-2&\frac{5}{2}&12\\\sqrt3&1&-5&17 \end{bmatrix}, write:

Write the elements a13, a21, a33, a24, a23

Answer:

A = \begin{bmatrix}2&5&19&-7&\\35&-2&\frac{5}{2}&12\\\sqrt3&1&-5&17 \end{bmatrix}

(iii) An element a_{ij} implies the element in raw number i and column number j.

a_1_3= 19 a_2_1= 35

a_3_3= -5 a_2_4= 12

a_2_3= \frac{5}{2}

Question 2. If a matrix has 24 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it has 13 elements?

Answer:

A matrix has 24 elements.

The possible orders are :

1\times 24,24\times 1,2\times 12,12\times 2,3\times 8,8\times 3,4\times 6 \, \, and\, \, 6\times 4.

If it has 13 elements, then possible orders are :

1\times 13\, \, \, and \, \, \, \, 13\times 1.

Question 3. If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it has 5 elements?

Answer:

A matrix has 18 elements.

The possible orders are as given below

1\times 18,18\times 1,2\times 9,9\times 2,3\times 6\, \, \, and\, \, \, \, 6\times 3

If it has 5 elements, then possible orders are :

1\times 5\, \, \, and \, \, \, \, 5\times 1.

Question 4(i). Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, A = [a_{ij} ] whose elements are given by:

a_{ij} = \frac{(i + j)^2}{2}

Answer:

A = [a_{ij} ]

(i) a_{ij} = \frac{(i + j)^2}{2}

Each element of this matrix is calculated as follows

a_1_1 = \frac{(1+1)^{2}}{2} =\frac{2^{2}}{2}=\frac{4}{2}=2 a_2_2 = \frac{(2+2)^{2}}{2} =\frac{4^{2}}{2}=\frac{16}{2}=8

a_1_2 = \frac{(1+2)^{2}}{2} =\frac{3^{2}}{2}=\frac{9}{2}=4.5 a_2_1 = \frac{(2+1)^{2}}{2} =\frac{3^{2}}{2}=\frac{9}{2}=4.5

Matrix A is given by

A = \begin{bmatrix} 2&4.5 \\4.5 & 8 \end{bmatrix}

Question 4(ii). Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, A = [a_{ij} ], whose elements are given by:

a_{ij} = \frac{i}{j}

Answer:

A 2 × 2 matrix, A = [a_{ij} ]

(ii) a_{ij} = \frac{i}{j}

a_1_1 = \frac{1}{1}=1 a_2_2 = \frac{2}{2}=1

a_1_2 = \frac{1}{2} a_2_1 = \frac{2}{1}=2

Hence, the matrix is

A = \begin{bmatrix} 1& \frac{1}{2} \\ 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}

Question 4(iii). Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, A = [a_{ij} ], whose elements are given by:

a_{ij} = \frac{(i+2j)^2}{2}

Answer:

(iii)

a_{ij} = \frac{(i+2j)^2}{2}

a_1_1 = \frac{(1+(2\times 1))^{2}}{2}= \frac{(1+2)^{2}}{2}=\frac{3^{2}}{2}=\frac{9}{2} a_2_2 = \frac{(2+(2\times 2))^{2}}{2}= \frac{(2+4)^{2}}{2}=\frac{6^{2}}{2}=\frac{36}{2}=18

a_2_1 = \frac{(2+(2\times 1))^{2}}{2}= \frac{(2+2)^{2}}{2}=\frac{4^{2}}{2}=\frac{16}{2}=8 a_1_2 = \frac{(1+(2\times 2))^{2}}{2}= \frac{(1+4)^{2}}{2}=\frac{5^{2}}{2}=\frac{25}{2}

Hence, the matrix is given by

A = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{9}{2}& \frac{25}{2} \\ 8 & 18 \end{bmatrix}

Question 5(i). Construct a 3 × 4 matrix, whose elements are given by:

a_{ij} = \frac{1}{2}|-3i + j|

Answer:

(i)

a_{ij} = \frac{1}{2}|-3i + j|

a_1_1 = \frac{\left | -3+1 \right |}{2}=\frac{2}{2}=1 a_1_2 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 1)+2 \right |}{2}=\frac{1}{2} a_1_3 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 1)+3 \right |}{2}=0

a_2_1 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 2)+1 \right |}{2}=\frac{5}{2} a_2_2 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 2)+2 \right |}{2}=\frac{4}{2}=2 a_2_3 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 2)+3 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -6+3 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -3 \right |}{2} =\frac{3}{2}

a_3_1 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 3)+1 \right |}{2}=\frac{8}{2}=4 a_3_2 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 3)+2 \right |}{2}=\frac{7}{2} a_3_3 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 3)+3 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -9+3 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -6 \right |}{2} =\frac{6}{2}=3

a_1_4 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 1)+4 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -3+4 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | 1 \right |}{2} =\frac{1}{2} a_2_4 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 2)+4 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -6+4 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -2 \right |}{2} =\frac{2}{2}=1

a_3_4 = \frac{\left | (-3\times 3)+4 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -9+4 \right |}{2}=\frac{\left | -5 \right |}{2} =\frac{5}{2}

Hence, the required matrix of the given order is

A = \begin{bmatrix} 1& \frac{1}{2} & 0&\frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{5}{2} & 2&\frac{3}{2}&1 \\4&\frac{7}{2}&3&\frac{5}{2}\end{bmatrix}

Question 5(ii) Construct a 3 × 4 matrix, whose elements are given by:

a_{ij} = 2i - j

Answer:

A 3 × 4 matrix,

(ii) a_{ij} = 2i - j

a_1_1 = 2\times 1-1 =2-1=1 a_1_2 = 2\times 1-2 =2-2=0 a_1_3 = 2\times 1-3 =2-3=-1

a_2_1 = 2\times 2-1 =4-1=3 a_2_2= 2\times 2-2 =4-2=2 a_2_3 = 2\times 2-3 =4-3=1 a_3_1 = 2\times 3-1 =6-1=5 a_3_2 = 2\times 3-2 =6-2=4 a_3_3 = 2\times 3-3 =6-3=3

a_1_4 = 2\times 1-4 =2-4=-2 a_2_4= 2\times 2-4 =4-4=0 a_3_4= 2\times 3-4 =6-4=2

Hence, the matrix is

A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0& -1& -2 \\ \ 3 & 2&1& 0 \\5&4&3&2\end{bmatrix}

Question 6(i). Find the values of x, y and z from the following equations:

\begin{bmatrix}4&3\\x&5 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}y&z\\1&5 \end{bmatrix}

Answer:

(i) \begin{bmatrix}4&3\\x&5 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}y&z\\1&5 \end{bmatrix}

If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal.

\therefore x=1\, \, \, ,\, \, \, y=4\, \, \, \, and\, \, \, \, z=3

Question 6(ii) Find the values of x, y and z from the following equations:

\begin{bmatrix} x +y & 2\\ 5 + z & xy \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 6 &2 \\ 5 & 8 \end{bmatrix}

Answer:

(ii)

\begin{bmatrix} x +y & 2\\ 5 + z & xy \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 6 &2 \\ 5 & 8 \end{bmatrix}

If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal.

\therefore x+y=6 \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot (i)

x=6-y

xy=8 \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot \cdot (ii)

Solving equation (i) and (ii) ,

(6-y)y =8

6y-y^{2}=8

y^{2}-6y+8=0

solving this equation we get,

y=4 \, \, and\, \, y=2

Putting the values of y, we get

x=2 \, \, and\, \, x=4

And also equating the first element of the second raw

5+z = 5, z=0

Hence,

x=2,y=4,z=0\, \, \, \, \, and\, \, \, \, \, \, x=4,y=2,z=0

Question 6(iii) Find the values of x, y and z from the following equations

\begin{bmatrix} x + y + z\\ x + z \\ y + z \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 9\\5 \\7 \end{bmatrix}

Answer:

(iii)

\begin{bmatrix} x + y + z\\ x + z \\ y + z \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 9\\5 \\7 \end{bmatrix}

If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal

x+y+z=9........(1)

x+z=5..............(2)

y+z=7..............(3)

subtracting (2) from (1) we will get y=4

substituting the value of y in equation (3) we will get z=3

now substituting the value of z in equation (2) we will get x=2

therefore,

x=2, y=4 and z=3

Question 7. Find the value of a, b, c and d from the equation:

\begin{bmatrix} a -b & 2a + c\\ 2a - b & 3c + d \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 5\\ 0 & 13 \end{bmatrix}

Answer:

\begin{bmatrix} a -b & 2a + c\\ 2a - b & 3c + d \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 5\\ 0 & 13 \end{bmatrix}

If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal

a-b=-1 .............................1

2a+c=5 .............................2

2a-b=0 .............................3

3c+d=13 .............................4

Solving equation 1 and 3 , we get

a=1 \, \, \, \, and \, \, \, \, b=2

Putting the value of a in equation 2, we get

c=3

Putting the value of c in equation 4 , we get

d=4

Question 8. A = [a_{ij}]_{m\times n} is a square matrix, if

(A) m <n

(B) m >n

(C) m =n

(D) None of these

Answer:

A square matrix has the number of rows and columns equal.

Thus, for A = [a_{ij}]_{m\times n} to be a square matrix m and n should be equal.

\therefore m=n

Option (c) is correct.

Question 9. Which of the given values of x and y make the following pair of matrices equal

\begin{bmatrix} 3x + 7 &5 \\ y + 1 & 2 -3x \end{bmatrix}, \begin{bmatrix} 0 & y - 2 \\ 8 & 4 \end{bmatrix}

(A) x = \frac{-1}{3}, y = 7

(B) Not possible to find

(C) y =7, x = \frac{-2}{3}

(D) x = \frac{-1}{3}, y = \frac{-2}{3}

Answer:

Given, \begin{bmatrix} 3x + 7 &5 \\ y + 1 & 2 -3x \end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix} 0 & y - 2 \\ 8 & 4 \end{bmatrix}

If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal

3x+7=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{-7}{3}

y-2=5 \Rightarrow y=5+2=7

y+1=8\Rightarrow y=8-1=7

2-3x=4\Rightarrow 3x=2-4\Rightarrow 3x=-2\Rightarrow x=\frac{-2}{3}

Here, the value of x is not unique, so option B is correct.

Question 10. The number of all possible matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is:

(A) 27
(B) 18
(C) 81
(D) 512

Answer:

Total number of elements in a 3 × 3 matrix

=3\times 3=9

If each entry is 0 or 1 then for every entry there are 2 permutations.

The total permutations for 9 elements

=2^{9}=512

Thus, option (D) is correct.

More About NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Exercise 3.1:-

There are 5 solved examples given before this exercise that you can solve. Solving these examples will help you to get conceptual clarity. There are 7 long answer types questions and 3 multiple choice types questions given in the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 exercise 3.1. These questions are very basic questions based on the matrix and order of the matrix. There are some questions in Class 12th Maths chapter 3 exercise 3.1 based on the equality of the matrices of order 2x2 and 3x3.

Also Read| Matrices Class 12 Maths Chapter Notes

Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 3 Exercise 3.1:-

  • As most of the questions in the board exams are directly asked from the NCERT textbook, NCERT solutions for Class 12 Maths chapter 3 exercise 3.1 becomes very important for the students to solve the NCERT problems.
  • You are advised to solve the CBSE board's previous year's paper to get familiar with the exam pattern.
  • Solving more problems will help students to get conceptual clarity.
  • Class 12 Maths chapter 3 exercise 3.1 solutions are created based on the CBSE guideline which you can rely upon.
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Key Features Of NCERT Solutions for Exercise 3.1 Class 12 Maths Chapter 3

  • Comprehensive Coverage: The solutions encompass all the topics covered in ex 3.1 class 12, ensuring a thorough understanding of the concepts.
  • Step-by-Step Solutions: In this class 12 maths ex 3.1, each problem is solved systematically, providing a stepwise approach to aid in better comprehension for students.
  • Accuracy and Clarity: Solutions for class 12 ex 3.1 are presented accurately and concisely, using simple language to help students grasp the concepts easily.
  • Conceptual Clarity: In this 12th class maths exercise 3.1 answers, emphasis is placed on conceptual clarity, providing explanations that assist students in understanding the underlying principles behind each problem.
  • Inclusive Approach: Solutions for ex 3.1 class 12 cater to different learning styles and abilities, ensuring that students of various levels can grasp the concepts effectively.
  • Relevance to Curriculum: The solutions for class 12 maths ex 3.1 align closely with the NCERT curriculum, ensuring that students are prepared in line with the prescribed syllabus.

Also see-

NCERT solutions of class 12 subject wise

Subject wise NCERT Exampler solutions

Happy learning!!!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the matrix ?

Concept related to matrices are discussed in ex 3.1 class 12. A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers or functions. The concept of matrix is discussed in the Class 12 Mathematics NCERT textbook. Practice class 12 ex 3.1 exercise to command concepts.

2. What is the order of the matrix ?

If a matrix has m rows and n columns then its order is m x n.

3. what is a row matrix ?

If a matrix has only one row it's called a row matrix. This concept is discussed in the NCERT syllabus of Class 12 Maths

4. what is a column matrix ?

If a matrix has only one column it's called a column matrix.

5. what is a square matrix ?

If a matrix has equal numbers of rows and columns then it's called a square matrix.

6. what is a diagonal matrix ?

If all the non-diagonal elements of a matrix are zero it's called a diagonal matrix.

7. What is a scalar matrix ?

A scalar matrix is a diagonal matrix that has equal diagonal elements.

8. What is identity matrix ?

A square matrix that has all the non-diagonal elements are zero and its diagonal elements are 1 is called an identity matrix.

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If you are looking for important questions of class 12th then I would like to suggest you to go with previous year questions of that particular board. You can go with last 5-10 years of PYQs so and after going through all the questions you will have a clear idea about the type and level of questions that are being asked and it will help you to boost your class 12th board preparation.

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A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

Option 2)

0.16\; J

Option 3)

1.00\; J

Option 4)

0.67\; J

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg

Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

Option 4)

12.89×10−3 kg

 

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1)

2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

Option 2)

200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

Option 3)

2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

Option 4)

20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

Option 2)

\; K\;

Option 3)

zero\;

Option 4)

K/4

In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

Option 2)

6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

Option 3)

33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

Option 4)

67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1)

0.02

Option 2)

3.125 × 10-2

Option 3)

1.25 × 10-2

Option 4)

2.5 × 10-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

Option 2)

increase two fold

Option 3)

remain unchanged

Option 4)

be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1)

Molality

Option 2)

Weight fraction of solute

Option 3)

Fraction of solute present in water

Option 4)

Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

Option 1)

twice that in 60 g carbon

Option 2)

6.023 × 1022

Option 3)

half that in 8 g He

Option 4)

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A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

Option 2)

more than 3 but less than 6

Option 3)

more than 6 but less than 9

Option 4)

more than 9

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