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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem: Earlier, you learned that a cell is a structural and functional unit of life, so similarly, an ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of nature and comprises both abiotic and biotic components. Solutions to NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 will make you understand the questions that have been asked from this chapter in the NCERT Textbook and will provide answers for the same. In Ecosystem NCERT Solutions, you will learn that abiotic components are inorganic materials such as air, water, and soil, whereas biotic components are producers, consumers, and decomposers. These NCERT Solutions for Class 12 can be used by students to get ready for their board exams as they are prepared by subject matter experts. Furthermore, these solutions are available for free download in PDF format. Scroll down to go through the questions and answers given in NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14.
Ecosystem Class 12 NCERT Solutions explain different types of ecosystems, and each of the ecosystems has a characteristic that results from the interaction between abiotic and biotic components. Also, there are two main structural features of an ecosystem: species composition and stratification. According to Ecosystem NCERT Solutions, based on the source of nutrition, every organism occupies a place in an ecosystem. Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 is curated according to the latest CBSE Syllabus for 2023–24. These Class 12 Biology NCERT Solutions will help students score well in the exams. Ecosystem Class 12 Solutions provide explanations in detail with related and representative examples.
Chapter 14 Biology Class 12 is beneficial to enhance the conceptual knowledge of students. Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 question answer will also help you understand the concepts and topics for the competitive exams as well. If you are looking for the answers to any other class from 6–12, then NCERT Solutions are there for you, as it's the easiest way to get all the Ecosystem NCERT Solutions. As well, Ecosystem Class 12 NCERT PDF can be downloaded.
According to the latest CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as Chapter 12.
Also Read: NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem
(a) Plants are called as_________because they fix carbon dioxide.
Answer:
Plants are called as autotrophs because they fix carbon dioxide.
Q1. Fill in the blanks.
(b) In an ecosystem dominated by trees, the pyramid (of numbers) is_________type.
Answer:
In an ecosystem dominated by trees, the pyramid (of numbers) is inverted type.
Q1. Fill in the blanks.
(c) In aquatic ecosystems, the limiting factor for the productivity is_________.
Answer:
In aquatic ecosystems, the limiting factor for productivity is light .
Q1 . Fill in the blanks.
(d) Common detritivores in our ecosystem are_________.
Answer:
Common detritivores in our ecosystem are earthworms
Q1. Fill in the blanks.
(e) The major reservoir of carbon on earth is_________.
Answer:
The major reservoir of carbon on earth is ocean.
Q2 . Which one of the following has the largest population in a food chain?
(a) Producers
(b) Primary consumers
(c) Secondary consumers
(d) Decomposers
Answer:
(d) Decomposers
Decomposers are microorganisms including fungi and bacteria. These break down the remains of dead plants and animals. Decomposers form the largest community of organisms in a food chain.
Q3. The second trophic level in a lake is
(a) Phytoplankton
(b) Zooplankton
(c) Benthos
(d) Fishes
Answer:
(b) Zooplankton
In a lake, the first trophic level is formed by phytoplankton while the second trophic level is formed by zooplankton.
(a) Herbivores
(b) Producers
(c) Carnivores
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(d) None of the above
In a food chain, plants are the only producers, there are no other producers. Herbivores and carnivores are primary and secondary consumers respectively.
Ecosystem Class 12 Solutions:
Q5. What is the percentage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the incident solar radiation?
(a) 100%
(b) 50 %
(c) 1-5%
(d) 2-10%
Answer:
(b) 50%
Out of total incident solar radiation, 50 % is formed by photosynthetically active radiation
Ecosystem Class 12 NCERT Solutions:
Q6. Distinguish between
(a) Grazing food chain and detritus food chai
Answer:
Grazing food chain | Detritus food chain |
Solar energy is utilised | Biomass energy stored in bodies of plants and animals is utilised |
The grazing food chain starts from producers | The detritus food chain starts from detritus i.e. dead plants and animals |
It includes a number of trophic levels | Detritus food chain includes a lesser number of trophic levels |
(b) Production and decomposition
Answer:
Production | Decomposition |
It is the process of formation of organic matter by producers by means of photosynthesis | It is the process of breakdown of complex organic matter into simples organic molecules |
It requires sunlight | It can take place in the absence of sunlight also |
Q6. Distinguish between
(c) Upright and inverted pyramid
Answer:
Upright pyramid | Inverted pyramid |
Upright pyramids show a decrease in number and biomass from producer level to the tertiary consumer level | Inverted pyramids depict an increase in number and biomass from producer level to tertiary consumer level |
Pyramid of energy is upright | Pyramid of biomass and number can be inverted |
Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Question Answer:
Q6. Distinguish between
Answer:
Food chain | Food web |
A series of living organisms present at different trophic levels and related to food habits | An interconnected web of a number of food chains. |
The members at higher trophic level feed upon the members of lower trophic levels. | Different organisms have more than one food sources |
Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 NCERT Solutions:
Q6. Distinguish between.
Answer:
Litter | Detritus |
The term litter refers to any kind of waste generated | The term detritus refers to the dead waste of plants and animals bodies |
Litter can be biodegradable as well as non- biodegradable | Detritus is biodegradable |
Class 12 Ecosystem NCERT Solutions:
Q6. Distinguish between.
(f) Primary and secondary productivity
Answer:
Primary productivity | Secondary productivity |
Primary productivity refers to the amount of organic matter produced by producers per unit area over a period of time | Secondary productivity refers to the rate of production of organic matter by consumers over a period of time |
Q7. Describe the components of an ecosystem.
Answer:
An ecosystem refers to be the functional unit of nature in which living organisms interact among themselves and also with their surrounding physical environment in order to perform nutrient cycling, energy flow, decomposition and productivity. There are many types of ecosystems such as pond ecosystem, forest ecosystem etc.
Components of ecosystem
The components of the ecosystem can be divided into abiotic components and biotic components
1. Abiotic components- These include the non-living components of nature such as light, temperature, water, soil, air, inorganic nutrients etc.
2. Biotic components- The biotic components of an ecosystem refer to the living organisms present in that ecosystem. The biotic components are divided as producers, consumers and decomposers. Producers are plants, consumers include animals which can be herbivores or carnivores and decomposers include microorganisms like fungi and bacteria.
Q8. Define ecological pyramids and describe with examples, pyramids of number and biomass.
Answer:
Ecological pyramid- The graphical representation of an ecological parameter such as number, biomass or energy, sequence wise in various trophic levels of a food chain in which producers are at the base, herbivores in the middle and carnivores at the top level. Ecological pyramids can be upright, inverted, or spindle-shaped. The three common types of ecological pyramids include the pyramid of number, pyramid of biomass and pyramid of energy.
1. Pyramids of number- It is the number of individuals per unit area at various trophic levels. It is generally upright, however, the pyramid of number in case of a big tree is generally inverted because number of insects that feed on tree generally exceeds in number.
2. Pyramids of biomass- It represents the biomass in various trophic levels. A pyramid of biomass is upright except in an aquatic food chain. A pyramid of biomass in the sea is generally inverted because the biomass of fishes is generally more than that of phytoplankton.
3. Pyramids of energy- It is the graphic representation of the amount of energy trapped at different trophic levels per unit area. Pyramid of energy is always upright.
Ecosystem Class 12 Questions and Answers:
Q9. What is primary productivity? Give brief description of factors that affect primary productivity.
Answer:
Primary productivity refers to the amount of organic matter or biomass produced by producers per unit area over a period of time. The primary productivity of an ecosystem depends upon a number of factors such as light, temperature, water, precipitation, availability of nutrients etc.
Q10. Define decomposition and describe the processes and products of decomposition.
Answer:
Decomposition is the process of breaking down of complex organic matter of detritus into inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and nutrients. Dead remains of plants and animals constitute detritus. The process of decomposition involves steps like fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralization.
1. Fragmentation of Detritus- In this step, the detritus is broken down into small fragments by earthworms
2. Leaching- In leaching the water-soluble nutrients, seep down into the soil and become unavailable salts.
3. Catabolism- The small fragments of decomposed by decomposers like fungi and bacteria with the help of action of enzymes.
4. Humification- In this step, humus is formed. Humus is a dark coloured, amorphous solid substance that acts as a nutrient reserve.
5. Mineralization- In this step by the action of microbes, the inorganic nutrients are released from the humus.
Class 12 Biology Ch 14 Question Answer:
Q11. Give an account of energy flow in an ecosystem
Answer:
Energy Flow in an ecosystem:
All living organisms are dependent for their food on producers, directly or indirectly. There is a unidirectional flow of energy from the sun to producers and then to consumers. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is responsible for the synthesis of food by plants. Animals obtain their food from plants, so they are called consumers. The process of eating and being eaten is called a food chain in which energy flows from producers to consumers. For example, in Grazing food chain, the grass is eaten by goats which are further eaten by man. Similarly, in the detritus food chain, the sequence begins with dead organic matter. It is made up of decomposers which are heterotrophic organisms (fungi and bacteria). These are also known as saprotrophs. Decomposers secrete digestive enzymes that breakdown dead and waste materials into simple, inorganic materials, which are subsequently absorbed by them. Natural interconnection of food chain forms the food web. Thus, in an ecosystem, energy flow occurs through food chains and food webs.
Q12. Write important features of a sedimentary cycle in an ecosystem.
Answer:
The important features of the sedimentary cycle are as follows:
1. These nutrient cycles have their reservoirs in the Earth's crust.
2. Sulphur, calcium, phosphorous etc have sedimentary cycles.
3. Sedimentary cycles are slow, they take more time to complete their circulation and are considered less perfect cycles
Q13. Outline salient features of carbon cycling in an ecosystem.
Answer:
Salient features of carbon cycling are as follows
1. Carbon cycling occurs through atmosphere, ocean and through the living and dead organisms.
2. Most of the carbon is fixed by plants during the process of photosynthesis and returns to the atmosphere in the form of CO2 during respiration.
3. Burning of wood, forest fire and combustion of organic matter, fossil fuel, and volcanic activity are some other sources of releasing CO2 in the atmosphere.
An outline of C-cycle is depicted in the figure given below:
Ecosystem NCERT Solutions explain about different communities of an ecosystem. The biotic community is dynamic and undergo changes with the passage of time. These changes are sequentially ordered and constitute ecological succession and in the Ecosystem NCERT PDF, you will get all the solutions related to this topic. Succession begins with the invasion of a bare lifeless area by pioneers which later pave way for successors and ultimately a stable climax community is formed, as given in Ch 14 Biology Class 12. The climax community remains stable as long as the environment remains unchanged. We have thorough solutions to every chapter of the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology, which have been updated to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24.
After going through the ecosystem NCERT, you must be able to answer the questions: common detritivores in our ecosystem are?
Primary productivity is the rate of capture of solar energy or biomass production of the producers. According to the Biology Chapter 14 Class 12, it is divided into two types:
NCERT Biology Class 12 defines that nutrient cycling is of two types and these are:
you will learn more in Biology Chapter 14 Class 12. If you have any problem in finding the answers to the above questions, then NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14: Ecosystem, will help you out.
Try to do all the questions mentioned in CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem by yourself, because NCERT is the base of your studies and base should always be clear. If you have any doubt or unable to do by yourself then Solutions for NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem will help you in a very good way, so that you can score good marks not only in 12th Biology board exam as well as also in other competitive exams like NEET.
The important topics of Ecosystem Class 12 NCERT Solutions are mentioned below:
Section Name | Topic Name |
14 | Ecosystem |
14.1 | Ecosystem–Structure and Function |
14.2 | Productivity |
14.3 | Decomposition |
14.4 | Energy Flow |
14.5 | Ecological Pyramids |
14.6 | Ecological Succession |
14.7 | Nutrient Cycling |
14.8 | Ecosystem Services |
14.9 | Summary |
And if you still have any doubts or problems getting the correct answers, then the Ecosystem NCERT PDF will help you. But don't forget to try Ecosystem NCERT Questions at least once so that you can answer those questions by yourself and then check your answers with the help of Ecosystem Class 12 NCERT Solutions.
The key features of CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 ecosystem are given below:
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions |
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Mathematics Solutions |
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions |
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions |
Chapter 1 | Reproduction in organisms |
Chapter 2 | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants |
Chapter 3 | Human Reproduction |
Chapter 4 | Reproductive Health |
Chapter 5 | Principles of Inheritance and Variation |
Chapter 6 | Molecular basis of inheritance |
Chapter 7 | Evolution |
Chapter 8 | Human Health and Disease |
Chapter 9 | Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production |
Chapter 10 | Microbes in Human Welfare |
Chapter 11 | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes |
Chapter 12 | Biotechnology and its Applications |
Chapter 13 | Organisms and Populations |
Chapter 14 | Ecosystem |
Chapter 15 | Biodiversity and Conservation |
Chapter 16 | Environmental Issues |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Maths |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chemistry |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Physics |
We hope you will ace your board examination with the help of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem.
Productivity
Decomposition
Energy Flow
Nutrient Cycling
The important topics of ecosystem NCERT are:
The components of the ecosystem NCERT can be divided into abiotic components and biotic components:
1. Abiotic components- These include the non-living components of nature such as light, temperature, water, soil, air, inorganic nutrients etc.
2. Biotic components- The biotic components of an ecosystem refer to the living organisms present in that ecosystem. The biotic components are divided as producers, consumers and decomposers. Producers are plants, consumers include animals which can be herbivores or carnivores and decomposers include microorganisms like fungi and bacteria.
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Hello there! Thanks for reaching out to us at Careers360.
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If you have uploaded screenshot of your 12th board result taken from CBSE official website,there won,t be a problem with that.If the screenshot that you have uploaded is clear and legible. It should display your name, roll number, marks obtained, and any other relevant details in a readable forma.ALSO, the screenshot clearly show it is from the official CBSE results portal.
hope this helps.
Hello Akash,
If you are looking for important questions of class 12th then I would like to suggest you to go with previous year questions of that particular board. You can go with last 5-10 years of PYQs so and after going through all the questions you will have a clear idea about the type and level of questions that are being asked and it will help you to boost your class 12th board preparation.
You can get the Previous Year Questions (PYQs) on the official website of the respective board.
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Thank you and wishing you all the best for your bright future.
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