NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem – Free PDF Download
Now, your search for NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 14 ecosystem is over. Earlier you have learnt that cell is a structural and functional unit of life, so similarly ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of nature and it comprises both components that are; abiotic and biotic components. Solutions of ecosystem NCERT class 12 biology chapter 14 will make you understand the questions which have been asked from this chapter in NCERT book and will provide answers for the same. In this chapter, you will learn that abiotic components are inorganic materials that are air, water, and soil, whereas biotic components are producers, consumers, and decomposers. These NCERT Solutions for Class 12 can be used by students to get ready for their board exams. Furthermore, these solutions are available for free download in PDF format. It provides solutions in accordance with the most recent CBSE Syllabus 2022–23 and the NCERT Textbook.
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NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 14: There are different types of ecosystem and each of the ecosystems has a characteristic which results from the interaction between abiotic and biotic components. Also, there are two main structural features of an ecosystem which are species composition and stratification. Based on the source of nutrition every organism occupies a place in an ecosystem. NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 14 ecosystem provides all the answers to the topics discussed in this chapter. If you are looking for the answers of any other class from 6-12 then NCERT solutions are there for you as it's the easiest way to get all the solutions of ecosystem NCERT. We have thorough solutions to every chapter of the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology, which have been updated to the CBSE Syllabus 2022–23.
Also Read,
NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem
NCERT Solutions for class 12 biology chapter 14 ecosystem: Solved Exercise Questions
Q1. How is diapause different from hibernation?
Answer:
Differentiation between diapause and hibernation:
Diapause | Hibernation |
It is a state of suspended development to cope with unfavourable conditions | A state in which animals escape winters by entering into a resting state in which their metabolism slows down. |
Zooplanktons and insects show diapause | Hibernation is shown by bats, squirrels and rodents |
(a) Plants are called as_________because they fix carbon dioxide.
Answer:
Plants are called as autotrophs because they fix carbon dioxide.
Q1. Fill in the blanks.
(b) In an ecosystem dominated by trees, the pyramid (of numbers) is_________type.
Answer:
In an ecosystem dominated by trees, the pyramid (of numbers) is inverted type.
Q1. Fill in the blanks.
(c) In aquatic ecosystems, the limiting factor for the productivity is_________.
Answer:
In aquatic ecosystems, the limiting factor for productivity is light .
Q1 . Fill in the blanks.
(d) Common detritivores in our ecosystem are_________.
Answer:
Common detritivores in our ecosystem are earthworms
Q1. Fill in the blanks.
(e) The major reservoir of carbon on earth is_________.
Answer:
The major reservoir of carbon on earth is ocean.
Q2 . Which one of the following has the largest population in a food chain?
(a) Producers
(b) Primary consumers
(c) Secondary consumers
(d) Decomposers
Answer:
(d) Decomposers
Decomposers are microorganisms including fungi and bacteria. These break down the remains of dead plants and animals. Decomposers form the largest community of organisms in a food chain.
Q3. The second trophic level in a lake is
(a) Phytoplankton
(b) Zooplankton
(c) Benthos
(d) Fishes
Answer:
(b) Zooplankton
In a lake, the first trophic level is formed by phytoplankton while the second trophic level is formed by zooplankton.
(a) Herbivores
(b) Producers
(c) Carnivores
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(d) None of the above
In a food chain, plants are the only producers, there are no other producers. Herbivores and carnivores are primary and secondary consumers respectively.
Q5. What is the percentage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the incident solar radiation?
(a) 100%
(b) 50 %
(c) 1-5%
(d) 2-10%
Answer:
(b) 50%
Out of total incident solar radiation, 50 % is formed by photosynthetically active radiation
Q6. Distinguish between
(a) Grazing food chain and detritus food chai
Answer:
Grazing food chain | Detritus food chain |
Solar energy is utilised | Biomass energy stored in bodies of plants and animals is utilised |
The grazing food chain starts from producers | The detritus food chain starts from detritus i.e. dead plants and animals |
It includes a number of trophic levels | Detritus food chain includes a lesser number of trophic levels |
Q6. Distinguish between
(b) Production and decomposition
Answer:
Production | Decomposition |
It is the process of formation of organic matter by producers by means of photosynthesis | It is the process of breakdown of complex organic matter into simples organic molecules |
It requires sunlight | It can take place in the absence of sunlight also |
Q6. Distinguish between
(c) Upright and inverted pyramid
Answer:
Upright pyramid | Inverted pyramid |
Upright pyramids show a decrease in number and biomass from producer level to the tertiary consumer level | Inverted pyramids depict an increase in number and biomass from producer level to tertiary consumer level |
Pyramid of energy is upright | Pyramid of biomass and number can be inverted |
Q6. Distinguish between
Answer:
Food chain | Food web |
A series of living organisms present at different trophic levels and related to food habits | An interconnected web of a number of food chains. |
The members at higher trophic level feed upon the members of lower trophic levels. | Different organisms have more than one food sources |
Q6. Distinguish between.
Answer:
Litter | Detritus |
The term litter refers to any kind of waste generated | The term detritus refers to the dead waste of plants and animals bodies |
Litter can be biodegradable as well as non- biodegradable | Detritus is biodegradable |
Q6. Distinguish between.
(f) Primary and secondary productivity
Answer:
Primary productivity | Secondary productivity |
Primary productivity refers to the amount of organic matter produced by producers per unit area over a period of time | Secondary productivity refers to the rate of production of organic matter by consumers over a period of time |
Q7. Describe the components of an ecosystem.
Answer:
An ecosystem refers to be the functional unit of nature in which living organisms interact among themselves and also with their surrounding physical environment in order to perform nutrient cycling, energy flow, decomposition and productivity. There are many types of ecosystems such as pond ecosystem, forest ecosystem etc.
Components of ecosystem
The components of the ecosystem can be divided into abiotic components and biotic components
1. Abiotic components- These include the non-living components of nature such as light, temperature, water, soil, air, inorganic nutrients etc.
2. Biotic components- The biotic components of an ecosystem refer to the living organisms present in that ecosystem. The biotic components are divided as producers, consumers and decomposers. Producers are plants, consumers include animals which can be herbivores or carnivores and decomposers include microorganisms like fungi and bacteria.
Q8. Define ecological pyramids and describe with examples, pyramids of number and biomass.
Answer:
Ecological pyramid- The graphical representation of an ecological parameter such as number, biomass or energy, sequence wise in various trophic levels of a food chain in which producers are at the base, herbivores in the middle and carnivores at the top level. Ecological pyramids can be upright, inverted, or spindle-shaped. The three common types of ecological pyramids include the pyramid of number, pyramid of biomass and pyramid of energy.
1. Pyramids of number- It is the number of individuals per unit area at various trophic levels. It is generally upright, however, the pyramid of number in case of a big tree is generally inverted because number of insects that feed on tree generally exceeds in number.
2. Pyramids of biomass- It represents the biomass in various trophic levels. A pyramid of biomass is upright except in an aquatic food chain. A pyramid of biomass in the sea is generally inverted because the biomass of fishes is generally more than that of phytoplankton.
3. Pyramids of energy- It is the graphic representation of the amount of energy trapped at different trophic levels per unit area. Pyramid of energy is always upright.
Q9. What is primary productivity? Give brief description of factors that affect primary productivity.
Answer:
Primary productivity refers to the amount of organic matter or biomass produced by producers per unit area over a period of time. The primary productivity of an ecosystem depends upon a number of factors such as light, temperature, water, precipitation, availability of nutrients etc.
Q10. Define decomposition and describe the processes and products of decomposition.
Answer:
Decomposition is the process of breaking down of complex organic matter of detritus into inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and nutrients. Dead remains of plants and animals constitute detritus. The process of decomposition involves steps like fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralization.
1. Fragmentation of Detritus- In this step, the detritus is broken down into small fragments by earthworms
2. Leaching- In leaching the water-soluble nutrients, seep down into the soil and become unavailable salts.
3. Catabolism- The small fragments of decomposed by decomposers like fungi and bacteria with the help of action of enzymes.
4. Humification- In this step, humus is formed. Humus is a dark coloured, amorphous solid substance that acts as a nutrient reserve.
5. Mineralization- In this step by the action of microbes, the inorganic nutrients are released from the humus.
Q11. Give an account of energy flow in an ecosystem
Answer:
Energy Flow in an ecosystem:
All living organisms are dependent for their food on producers, directly or indirectly. There is a unidirectional flow of energy from the sun to producers and then to consumers. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is responsible for the synthesis of food by plants. Animals obtain their food from plants, so they are called consumers. The process of eating and being eaten is called a food chain in which energy flows from producers to consumers. For example, in Grazing food chain, the grass is eaten by goats which are further eaten by man. Similarly, in the detritus food chain, the sequence begins with dead organic matter. It is made up of decomposers which are heterotrophic organisms (fungi and bacteria). These are also known as saprotrophs. Decomposers secrete digestive enzymes that breakdown dead and waste materials into simple, inorganic materials, which are subsequently absorbed by them. Natural interconnection of food chain forms the food web. Thus, in an ecosystem, energy flow occurs through food chains and food webs.
Q12. Write important features of a sedimentary cycle in an ecosystem.
Answer:
The important features of the sedimentary cycle are as follows:
1. These nutrient cycles have their reservoirs in the Earth's crust.
2. Sulphur, calcium, phosphorous etc have sedimentary cycles.
3. Sedimentary cycles are slow, they take more time to complete their circulation and are considered less perfect cycles
Q13. Outline salient features of carbon cycling in an ecosystem.
Answer:
Salient features of carbon cycling are as follows
1. Carbon cycling occurs through atmosphere, ocean and through the living and dead organisms.
2. Most of the carbon is fixed by plants during the process of photosynthesis and returns to the atmosphere in the form of CO2 during respiration.
3. Burning of wood, forest fire and combustion of organic matter, fossil fuel, and volcanic activity are some other sources of releasing CO2 in the atmosphere.
An outline of C-cycle is depicted in the figure given below:
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 – Ecosystem
In ecosystem NCERT, you will also study about different communities of an ecosystem. The biotic community is dynamic and undergo changes with the passage of time. These changes are sequentially ordered and constitute ecological succession and in the ecosystem NCERT pdf, you will get all the solutions related to this topic. Succession begins with the invasion of a bare lifeless area by pioneers which later pave way for successors and ultimately a stable climax community is formed. The climax community remains stable as long as the environment remains unchanged.
After going through the ecosystem NCERT, you must be able to answer the questions: common detritivores in our ecosystem are?
Four important components of an ecosystem are:
- Productivity
- Decomposition
- Energy Flow
- Nutrient Cycling
Primary productivity is the rate of capture of solar energy or biomass production of the producers. It is divided into two types:
- Gross primary productivity (GPP)
- Net primary productivity (NPP)
Nutrient cycling is of two types and these are:
- Gaseous
- Sedimentary
If you have any problem in finding the answers to the above questions, then NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 14 ecosystem, will help you out.
Also, try to do all the questions mentioned in CBSE NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 14 ecosystem by yourself, because NCERT is the base of your studies and base should always be clear. If you have any doubt or unable to do by yourself then Solutions for NCERT class 12 biology chapter 14 ecosystem will help you in a very good way, so that you can score good marks not only in 12th board exam as well as also in other competitive exams like NEET.
Important Topics of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem
the important topic of ecosystem class 12 NCERT solutions are mentioned below:
14.1 Ecosystem–Structure and Function
14.2. Productivity
14.3 Decomposition
14.4 Energy Flow
14.5 Ecological Pyramids
14.6 Ecological Succession
14.6.1 Succession of Plants
14.7 Nutrient Cycling
14.7.1 Ecosystem – Carbon Cycle
14.7.2 Ecosystem – Phosphorus Cycle
14.8 Ecosystem Services
Dropped Topics –
- 14.6 Ecological Succession,
- 14.6.1 Succession of Plants,
- 14.7 Nutrient Cycling,
- 14.7.1 Ecosystem – Carbon Cycle,
- 14.7.2 Ecosystem – Phosphorus Cycle,
- 14.8 Ecosystem Services.
And if still, you have any doubt or problems in getting the correct answers then ecosystem NCERT pdf will help you. But don't forget to try ecosystem NCERT questions at least once, so that you can answer those questions by yourself then check your answers with the help of solutions given in the ecosystem NCERT pdf.
Highlights of NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 – Ecosystem
The key features of CBSE NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 14 ecosystem are given below:
- Ecosystem class 12 NCERT solutions are written in the best possible way using simple language that makes solutions easier to read and understand
- In NCERT class 12 environment and ecology pdf, points are used to frame answers to help understand quickly.
- Solutions content for ecosystem class 12 NCERT is derived from the textbook by the subject expert.
- Solutions for ecology class 12 NCERT are as per the latest CBSE Syllabus and guidelines.
- Ecosystem class 12 NCERT pdf links are readily available and easily accessible for free.
- Important topics are listed in the ecosystem pdf NCERT.
- Ecosystem NCERT will also help you to prepare for your competitive exams like NEET
- Solutions for class 12 biology chapter 14 ecosystem NCERT will also help you in your 12th board exam.
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions |
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Mathematics Solutions |
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions |
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions |
Also Check NCERT Books and NCERT Syllabus here:
- NCERT Books Class 12 Biology
- NCERT Syllabus Class 12 Biology
- NCERT Books Class 12
- NCERT Syllabus Class 12
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology- Chapter wise
Chapter 1 | Reproduction in organisms |
Chapter 2 | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants |
Chapter 3 | Human Reproduction |
Chapter 4 | Reproductive Health |
Chapter 5 | Principles of Inheritance and Variation |
Chapter 6 | Molecular basis of inheritance |
Chapter 7 | Evolution |
Chapter 8 | Human Health and Disease |
Chapter 9 | Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production |
Chapter 10 | Microbes in Human Welfare |
Chapter 11 | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes |
Chapter 12 | Biotechnology and its Applications |
Chapter 13 | Organisms and Populations |
Chapter 14 | Ecosystem |
Chapter 15 | Biodiversity and Conservation |
Chapter 16 | Environmental Issues |
NCERT Solutions for Class 12- Subject wise
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Maths |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chemistry |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Physics |
Frequently Asked Question (FAQs) - NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 Ecosystem
Question: Can students rely on the careers360 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14?
Answer:
The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 are created with the primary goal of assisting students in concentrating on crucial ideas. To improve students' conceptual understanding, every last detail is carefully explained. The solutions also include a number of shortcuts that can be used to effectively remember the concepts. In order to answer the questions from the textbook, students can consult the solutions, and they will have no trouble understanding how to do so.
Question: what are the components of ecosystm given in NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 14 ?
Answer:
The components of the ecosystem NCERT can be divided into abiotic components and biotic components:
1. Abiotic components- These include the non-living components of nature such as light, temperature, water, soil, air, inorganic nutrients etc.
2. Biotic components- The biotic components of an ecosystem refer to the living organisms present in that ecosystem. The biotic components are divided as producers, consumers and decomposers. Producers are plants, consumers include animals which can be herbivores or carnivores and decomposers include microorganisms like fungi and bacteria.
Question: What are the benefits of ecosystem ncert pdf?
Answer:
- NCERT is the base of your learning.
- You will get all the answers to ecosystem ncert and it will help you to score good marks in the exam.
- Ecosystem ncert pdf will also help you with competitive exams like NEET.
- NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 14 ecosystem NCERT will also help you in your 12th board exam. Ecosystem NCERT will also boost your knowledge.
- To score well in the examination, follow the NCERT syllabus and solve the exercise given in the NCERT Book. To practice more problems, students must refer to NCERT Exemplar.
Question: What are the important topics of solutions for ecosystem ncert pdf?
Answer:
The important topics of ecosystem NCERT are:
- Ecosystem–Structure and Function
- Productivity
- Decomposition
- Energy Flow
- Ecological Pyramids
- Ecological Succession
- Succession of Plants
- Nutrient Cycling
- Ecosystem – Carbon Cycle
- Ecosystem – Phosphorus Cycle
- Ecosystem Services
Question: What are the four important components of an ecosystem given in ecosystem ncert?
Answer:
- Four important components of an ecosystem given in ecosystem ncert are:
Productivity
Decomposition
Energy Flow
Nutrient Cycling
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I have got 91.5 percent in board 2020-21. Now bits pilani is giving direct admission to board toppers and first rank holders . Am i eligible for that? please check and inform me
Hi.
To be eligible for admission in BITS Pilani under the 'Direct admission to Board toppers' scheme, the candidate should be the topper from the science stream having taken Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics subjects in 12th. To identify the topper, the following criteria will be adopted.
Since you got 91.5 percent, which is a very good percentage, you will not be deemed as topper due to the missing 8.5% and there are students with percentage higher than yours. Therefore, if you wish to get admission in BITS Pilani then it will be through BITSAT.
Good Luck
I got 88.6% in cbse class 12th.Will I get admission in B.Sc at DU?
Hello student,
Hope you are in good health, so the answer to your question is as follows:-
First of all please get registered to delhi university admissions and fill the application fees.
Then try to calculate your best 4 according to the course .
As you have not mentioned which category you belong to , I am assuming you to be a general category student. So ,suppose if your best four came out to be somewhere like 89 , so if I see the last years cutoff for every BSC course the last cutoff comes out to be 89 , 87 where you can get bsc home science and bsc life science according to last year cutoff , but it always the chance of matter every year , cutoff always surprise us so you have to look every cutoff and when you find that you are getting the cutoff for that particular course do visit immediately to that college with all the correct papers and do the admission right away .
For further details you can go through the following link:-
https://university.careers360.com/articles/du-cutoff
Hope this helps!
i have got 76.4% in cbse class 12th boards 2021.can i get admission in good college of du for ba hons pol science? if yes what are the possible colleges for me?
Hello there!
Hope you are doing fine.
For admission in BA political science, you have to calculate your best of four aggregates.
If your best of four aggregates are coming less than 80% and unfortunately you may have problem in getting admission in any good colleges of DU.
However, it may happen that you may get admission in 4th to 6th cut off lists.
There is some relaxation category wise.
Check previous year cut off lists for clear idea.
Also, you can check your chances of getting admission in desired college of DU by clicking the link below:
https://university.careers360.com/delhi-university-college-predictor?utm_soource=qna
Hope it helps.
Stay safe.
Best wishes.
Class 10th : 10 CGPA (CBSE) Class 12th : 95.6% (CBSE) Grad : 7.8 (IIT Roorkee) Assuming i get 99.7+ in CAT, can i get calls from IIMA and IIMB?
Yes, assuming you are from General Category, with a great academic record in school, having a 7.5+ GPA from an Old IIT, having a CAT Percentile Score of 99.7+ you have fair chances in securing a Call from atleast 3 of the Top 6 IIMs, IIM ABCLKI.
For more information about CAT IIM Call Prediction do follow the link below
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For more information about CAT do follow the link below
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