The Central Board of Secondary Education has released the latest CBSE Biology Class 12 syllabus 2025-26. Students can download the latest CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus PDF 2025-26 using the link provided below or they can visit the official website at cbseacademic.nic.in. This year, the board has not reduced the CBSE 12th syllabus 2025-26. The CBSE 12th exam is expected to be held from February 17 to April 4, 2026. Students are advised to complete the syllabus at least a month before the exam to save enough time for revisions and practice.
Download: CBSE Biology Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 PDF
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The 2025-26 biology syllabus Class 12 CBSE consists of all the units, chapters, and topics for the theory exam, along with the details of the practicals. Students can check the mark allotted for each unit in the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26. There are a total of 5 units in the CBSE biology syllabus for class 12th. We have provided detailed information below in this article. Students can refer to it while preparing for the CBSE 12th exams.
Students can also check all the important and high-weightage topics from the syllabus of biology class 12 and prepare accordingly for the CBSE Board exams 2025-26. The CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 is also useful while preparing for the competitive exams. Read the complete article to know the detailed CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2025-26 for biology, marking scheme, steps to download PDF, preparation tips and more.
The CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2025-26 is very important for students; they should try to understand the syllabus in depth. It will help them make strategies to ace their exams.
There are no changes in the CBSE Biology syllabus class 12th. There are a total of 5 units in the syllabus of Biology. The theory papers consist of 70 marks, and the practical exams will be of 30 marks.
Units | Topics | Marks |
---|---|---|
Unit 6 | Reproduction | 16 |
Unit 7 | Genetics and Evolution | 20 |
Unit 8 | Biology and Human Welfare | 12 |
Unit 9 | Biotechnology and Its Applications | 12 |
Unit 10 | Ecology and Environment | 10 |
Total | 70 |
The chapters incorporated in each unit are given in the table below for the convenience of students. For a detailed CBSE class 12 bio syllabus, students can download the PDF file using the link given above.
Unit No | Chapter No | Particulars |
---|---|---|
Unit-VI Reproduction | Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants | Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilisation; post-fertilisation events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation. |
Chapter 3: Human Reproduction | Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea). | |
Chapter 4: Reproductive Health | Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness). | |
Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution | Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation | Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes. |
Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance | Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting. | |
Chapter-7: Evolution | Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution. | |
Unit-VIII Biology and Human Welfare | Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases | Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse. |
Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare | Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilisers. Antibiotics: production and judicious use. | |
Unit-IX Biotechnology and its Applications | Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes | Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology). |
Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Applications | Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents. | |
Unit-X Ecology and Environment | Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations | Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Abiotic Factors, Responses to Abiotic Factors, Adaptations) |
Chapter-14: Ecosystem | Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles) | |
Chapter 15: Biodiversity and its Conservation | Biodiversity- concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites. |
Follow the steps given below to download the CBSE 12th syllabus for Biology 2025-26 from the official website:
CBSE prescribed NCERT Books for Class 12 Biology to complete the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26. It is important to refer to the NCERT book as it covers the entire syllabus in a simple and easily understandable language. Relevant diagrams are also provided with each topic for better understanding. Below is the list of prescribed books by CBSE:
While preparing for the CBSE Class 12th, students must implement some simple but effective tips and tricks to score well in the same. Biology is a subject that will help you score very well if you take it seriously and give your best. Go through some of the best preparation tips for CBSE 12th Biology:
Also, Read:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Yes, NCERT books are enough to prepare for the exams and cover the CBSE class 12 Biology syllabus 2025-26.
The CBSE 12th exam dates and CBSE 10th time table are released by CBSE through its official website, cbse.gov.in.
Students must score at least 33 per cent marks per subject in order to pass the CBSE Class 12 exams.
Students can access topic-wise solutions using the links available on this page.
On Question asked by student community
Hello,
The date of 12 exam is depends on which board you belongs to . You should check the exact date of your exam by visiting the official website of your respective board.
Hope this information is useful to you.
Hello,
Class 12 biology questions papers 2023-2025 are available on cbseacademic.nic.in , and other educational website. You can download PDFs of questions papers with solution for practice. For state boards, visit the official board site or trusted education portal.
Hope this information is useful to you.
Hello Pruthvi,
Taking a drop year to reappear for the Karnataka Common Entrance Test (KCET) is a well-defined process. As a repeater, you are fully eligible to take the exam again to improve your score and secure a better rank for admissions.
The main procedure involves submitting a new application for the KCET through the official Karnataka Examinations Authority (KEA) website when registrations open for the next academic session. You must pay the required application fee and complete all formalities just like any other candidate. A significant advantage for you is that you do not need to retake your 12th board exams. Your previously secured board marks in the qualifying subjects will be used again. Your new KCET rank will be calculated by combining these existing board marks with your new score from the KCET exam. Therefore, your entire focus during this year should be on preparing thoroughly for the KCET to achieve a higher score.
For more details about the KCET Exam preparation,
CLICK HERE.
I hope this answer helps you. If you have more queries, feel free to share your questions with us, and we will be happy to assist you.
Thank you, and I wish you all the best in your bright future.
Yes, you can switch from Science in Karnataka State Board to Commerce in CBSE for 12th. You will need a Transfer Certificate from your current school and meet the CBSE school’s admission requirements. Since you haven’t studied Commerce subjects like Accountancy, Economics, and Business Studies, you may need to catch up before or during 12th. Not all CBSE schools accept direct admission to 12th from another board, so some may ask you to join Class 11 first. Make sure to check the school’s rules and plan your subject preparation.
Hello
For the 12th CBSE Hindi Medium board exam, important questions usually come from core chapters like “Madhushala”, “Jhansi ki Rani”, and “Bharat ki Khoj”.
Questions often include essay writing, letter writing, and comprehension passages. Grammar topics like Tenses, Voice Change, and Direct-Indirect Speech are frequently asked.
Students should practice poetry questions on themes and meanings. Important questions also cover summary writing and translation from Hindi to English or vice versa.
Previous years’ question papers help identify commonly asked questions.
Focus on writing practice to improve handwriting and presentation. Time management during exams is key to answering all questions effectively.
This ebook serves as a valuable study guide for NEET 2025 exam.
This e-book offers NEET PYQ and serves as an indispensable NEET study material.
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