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The Central Board of Secondary Education has released the latest CBSE Biology Class 12 syllabus 2025-26. Students can download the latest CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus PDF 2025-26 using the link provided below or they can visit the official website at cbseacademic.nic.in. This year, the board has not reduced the CBSE 12th syllabus 2025-26. The CBSE 12th exam is expected to be held from February 17 to April 4, 2026. Students are advised to complete the syllabus at least a month before the exam to save enough time for revisions and practice.
Download: CBSE Biology Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 PDF
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The 2025-26 biology syllabus Class 12 CBSE consists of all the units, chapters, and topics for the theory exam, along with the details of the practicals. Students can check the mark allotted for each unit in the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26. There are a total of 5 units in the CBSE biology syllabus for class 12th. We have provided detailed information below in this article. Students can refer to it while preparing for the CBSE 12th exams.
Students can also check all the important and high-weightage topics from the syllabus of biology class 12 and prepare accordingly for the CBSE Board exams 2025-26. The CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 is also useful while preparing for the competitive exams. Read the complete article to know the detailed CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2025-26 for biology, marking scheme, steps to download PDF, preparation tips and more.
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The CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2025-26 is very important for students; they should try to understand the syllabus in depth. It will help them make strategies to ace their exams.
There are no changes in the CBSE Biology syllabus class 12th. There are a total of 5 units in the syllabus of Biology. The theory papers consist of 70 marks, and the practical exams will be of 30 marks.
Units | Topics | Marks |
---|---|---|
Unit 6 | Reproduction | 16 |
Unit 7 | Genetics and Evolution | 20 |
Unit 8 | Biology and Human Welfare | 12 |
Unit 9 | Biotechnology and Its Applications | 12 |
Unit 10 | Ecology and Environment | 10 |
Total | 70 |
The chapters incorporated in each unit are given in the table below for the convenience of students. For a detailed CBSE class 12 bio syllabus, students can download the PDF file using the link given above.
Unit No | Chapter No | Particulars |
---|---|---|
Unit-VI Reproduction | Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants | Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilisation; post-fertilisation events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation. |
Chapter 3: Human Reproduction | Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea). | |
Chapter 4: Reproductive Health | Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness). | |
Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution | Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation | Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes. |
Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance | Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting. | |
Chapter-7: Evolution | Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution. | |
Unit-VIII Biology and Human Welfare | Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases | Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse. |
Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare | Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilisers. Antibiotics: production and judicious use. | |
Unit-IX Biotechnology and its Applications | Chapter-11: Biotechnology - Principles and Processes | Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology). |
Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Applications | Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents. | |
Unit-X Ecology and Environment | Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations | Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Abiotic Factors, Responses to Abiotic Factors, Adaptations) |
Chapter-14: Ecosystem | Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles) | |
Chapter 15: Biodiversity and its Conservation | Biodiversity- concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites. |
Follow the steps given below to download the CBSE 12th syllabus for Biology 2025-26 from the official website:
CBSE prescribed NCERT Books for Class 12 Biology to complete the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26. It is important to refer to the NCERT book as it covers the entire syllabus in a simple and easily understandable language. Relevant diagrams are also provided with each topic for better understanding. Below is the list of prescribed books by CBSE:
While preparing for the CBSE Class 12th, students must implement some simple but effective tips and tricks to score well in the same. Biology is a subject that will help you score very well if you take it seriously and give your best. Go through some of the best preparation tips for CBSE 12th Biology:
Also, Read:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Yes, NCERT books are enough to prepare for the exams and cover the CBSE class 12 Biology syllabus 2025-26.
The CBSE 12th exam dates and CBSE 10th time table are released by CBSE through its official website, cbse.gov.in.
Students must score at least 33 per cent marks per subject in order to pass the CBSE Class 12 exams.
Students can access topic-wise solutions using the links available on this page.
On Question asked by student community
Hello
Yes, if you’re not satisfied with your marks even after the improvement exam, many education boards allow you to reappear as a private candidate next year to improve your scores. This means you can register independently, study at your own pace, and take the exams without attending regular classes. It’s a good option to improve your results and open up more opportunities for higher studies or careers. Just make sure to check the specific rules and deadlines of your education board so you don’t miss the registration window. Keep your focus, and you will do better next time.
Hello Aspirant,
Yes, in the case that you appeared for the 2025 improvement exam and your roll number is different from what was on the previous year’s marksheet, the board will usually release a new migration certificate. This is because the migration certificate will reflect the most recent exam details, roll number and passing year. You can apply to get it from your board using the process prescribed by them either online or through your school/college.
Yes, if you miss the 1st CBSE exam due to valid reasons, then you can appear for the 2nd CBSE compartment exam.
From the academic year 2026, the board will conduct the CBSE 10th exam twice a year, while the CBSE 12th exam will be held once, as per usual. For class 10th, the second phase exam will act as the supplementary exam. Check out information on w hen the CBSE first exam 2026 will be conducted and changes in 2026 CBSE Board exam by clicking on the link .
If you want to change your stream to humanities after getting a compartment in one subject in the CBSE 12th Board Exam , you actually have limited options to qualify for your board exams. You can prepare effectively and appear in the compartment examination for mathematics again. If you do not wish to continue with the current stream, you can take readmission in the Humanities stream and start from Class 11th again, and continue studying for two more years to qualify for the 12th examination.
The GUJCET Merit List is prepared based on the Class 12th marks and GUJCET marks received by the students. CBSE students who are not from the Gujarat board can definitely compete with GSEB students, as their eligibility is decided based on the combined marks scored by them in GUJCET and the 12th board. The weightage of the GUJCET score is 40% and the weightage of the class 12 scores is 60%.
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